JP2008206445A - Structure for live rock and porous cement hardened body - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently produce a live rock suitable for growth of organisms. <P>SOLUTION: The structure for the live rock is obtained as follows: Sand and cement measured in prescribed amounts are prepared and charged into a kneader (step S101). Water and an admixture measured in prescribed amounts are charged into the mixture of the cement and the sand (step S102). The resultant mixture of the sand, the cement, the water and the admixture is kneaded and mixed (step S103). When the mixture is sufficiently kneaded and mixed, the obtained mixture is molded into a desired shape (the shape of the live rock) (step S104) and the resultant molded product is cured in water (step S105). When the curing in a prescribed period of time is completed, harshness is removed from the molded product (step S106) to complete the structure for the live rock (step S107). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a porous cement, mortar, or concrete, and more particularly, to a porous cement, mortar, or concrete suitable for artificially producing live rock.

  Live rocks are natural rocks drawn from the coral reef sea, and bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds and the like are established. For this reason, it is used as an ideal filter medium in the breeding of saltwater fish. In Patent Document 1, at least one live block is installed in a tank, aquatic organisms, vegetation and algae are propagated on the live block, and the purification of aquarium water is promoted by the purification action of aquatic organisms, vegetation and algae. An equal water tank is disclosed.

JP 2002-262706 A

  However, live rocks are natural rocks and tend to be limited in terms of nature conservation. For this reason, in recent years, attempts have been made to artificially produce live blocks and provide them as filter media. In the case of producing a live block artificially, for example, a method of making a live block by immersing a structure for live block in the sea for a predetermined period and attaching a living thing to it can be considered. When artificially producing live rock by such a method, there is a demand for shortening the period from the establishment of living organisms to the completion of live rock as much as possible.

  Proposals are also made for transplanting coral reefs to artificially produced live rocks to cultivate corals, or to place artificially produced live rocks in areas where coral reefs have been lost and restore coral reefs. Is being implemented. For this purpose, since many live blocks are required, it is desirable to be able to artificially produce live blocks suitable for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds and the like efficiently.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides a structure for livelock and a hardened porous cement body that can efficiently produce a livelock suitable for the growth of organisms. Objective.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the structure for livelock according to the present invention is a hardened body of cement obtained by hydrating and hardening a cement mixture containing cement and water. An air entraining agent that mixes fine bubbles in the cement mixture, and a foaming agent that reacts with a substance generated in the cement mixture to generate gas, and is formed at least inside the hardened body. It is characterized in that organisms are fixed in the voids.

  This live block structure is used for the production of live blocks in which organisms such as bacteria, algae, and corals are established. The live block structure is manufactured by molding a mixture of at least cement, an air entraining agent, a foaming agent, and water. As a result, a large number of continuous voids with a diameter of several μm to several hundreds of μm are formed inside the live block structure, so that it is easy to create a favorable environment for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds. Become. If such a structure for live rock is immersed in the sea, a favorable environment for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds in a relatively short period of time is formed. It can be produced efficiently. In addition, since this live block structure can be manufactured simply by weighing and mixing the materials and then molding, it is possible to efficiently manufacture a large number of products with little variation in quality.

Like the live block structure according to the present invention, in the live block structure, the water permeability of the cured body is 5.0 × 10 ⁻² cm / second or more and 5.0 × 10 ⁻¹ cm / second. It is preferable to set it to 2 seconds or less. In this way, it is possible to provide a more favorable environment for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds and the like, so that the establishment of organisms on the structure for livelock is promoted, and Can be produced.

  As in the live block structure according to the present invention, in the live block structure, an aluminum foaming agent is used as the foaming agent, and calcium hydroxide generated in the cement mixture and It is preferable to react to generate hydrogen. In this case, hydrogen bubbles smaller than bubbles mixed in the cement mixture containing cement and water are generated by the air entraining agent by reacting with calcium hydroxide in the mixture, and the bubbles are entrained in the air. By moving between the bubbles mixed by the agent, it is possible to efficiently form continuous voids in the live block structure.

  Like the live block structure according to the present invention, in the live block structure, the mass ratio of the water to the cement is preferably 30% to 40%. If it does in this way, while ensuring the water permeability suitable for the structure for live blocks, the intensity | strength as a structure for live blocks can be ensured.

  Like the live block structure according to the present invention, in the live block structure, the ratio of the mass of the air entraining agent to the mass of the cement is 0.1% or more and 0.3% or less. The ratio of the mass of the foaming agent to the mass of the cement is preferably 0.5% or more and 1.5% or less. If it does in this way, while ensuring the water permeability suitable for the structure for live blocks, the intensity | strength as a structure for live blocks can be ensured.

  A hardened porous cement according to the present invention is a hardened cement obtained by hydrating and hardening a cement mixture containing cement and water, and an air entraining agent that mixes air bubbles in the cement mixture. And a foaming agent that reacts with a substance generated in the cement mixture to generate a gas.

  This porous cement hardened body is applied to the purpose of artificially producing live blocks and structures that require water permeability, and includes at least cement, an air entraining agent, a foaming agent, and water. It is manufactured by molding a mixture obtained by kneading. When this porous cement hardened body is used for the purpose of artificially producing live block, many continuous voids with a diameter of several μm to several hundred μm are formed inside the porous cement hardened body. It becomes easy to create a favorable environment for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds. If such a hardened porous cement is immersed in the sea, a favorable environment for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds in a relatively short period of time is formed. It can be produced efficiently. In addition, since this porous cement structure can be manufactured by measuring and mixing the materials and then molding, it is possible to efficiently manufacture a material with little variation in quality.

Like the porous cement hardened body according to the present invention, in the porous cement hardened body, the water permeability of the hardened body is 5.0 × 10 ⁻² cm / second or more and 5.0 × 10 ⁻¹ cm / second. It is preferable to set it to 2 seconds or less. In this way, it is possible to provide a more favorable environment for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds and the like, so that the establishment of organisms on the structure for livelock is promoted, and Can be produced.

  As in the porous cement hardened body according to the present invention, in the porous cement hardened body, an aluminum-based foaming agent is used as the foaming agent, and calcium hydroxide generated in the cement mixture and It is preferable to react to generate hydrogen. In this case, hydrogen bubbles smaller than bubbles mixed in the cement mixture containing cement and water are generated by the air entraining agent by reacting with calcium hydroxide in the mixture, and the bubbles are entrained in the air. By moving between the bubbles mixed by the agent, it is possible to efficiently form continuous voids.

  As in the porous cement cured body according to the present invention, the mass ratio of the water to the cement is preferably 30% to 40% in the porous cement cured body. If it does in this way, a high water permeability can be secured, ensuring intensity.

  Like the porous cement cured body according to the present invention, in the porous cement cured body, the ratio of the mass of the air entraining agent to the mass of the cement is 0.1% or more and 0.3% or less, The ratio of the mass of the foaming agent to the mass of the cement is preferably 0.5% or more and 1.5% or less. If it does in this way, a high water permeability can be secured, ensuring intensity.

  The live block structure and porous cement structure according to the present invention can efficiently produce a live block suitable for the growth of a living organism when the live block is artificially produced.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited by the best mode for carrying out the invention (hereinafter referred to as an embodiment). In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those in a so-called equivalent range.

  In the following embodiments, “cement mixture” and “hardened cement” means the presence or absence of aggregates such as sand and stone, the size of aggregates, the type of aggregates, admixtures such as water reducing agents and AE agents. Regardless of the presence or absence of admixture, the type of admixture, etc., they are used as a generic term for a cement mixture before hardening including cement and a hardened body of cement after hardening. In addition, the present invention is suitable for, for example, a live block used for water purification, a live block used for environmental recovery, or a live block used for culturing corals. It is not limited. For example, the present invention can be applied to structures that require water permeability, such as filters and water-permeable pavements.

(Embodiment 1)
This embodiment is a method for producing a porous cement cured body or live block structure in which a continuous void is formed by molding a mixture obtained by kneading at least a cement, an air entraining agent, a foaming agent, and water. About. Next, an example in which the hardened porous cement is used as a structure for a live block used for artificially producing a live block will be described.

  1-1 is a general view showing a cured porous cement according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 1-2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal structure of a hardened porous cement according to the first embodiment. The hardened porous cement 1 according to the present embodiment includes a continuous void 2 (FIG. 1-2, hereinafter referred to as a continuous void 2 as necessary). The continuous space | gap means the space | gap which connects different parts (this embodiment is 1st surface 1A and 2nd surface 1B, and different surfaces) between the hardened cement cement bodies 1 (refer FIG. 1-2). . Thereby, the porous cement hardened body 1 according to the present embodiment improves water permeability between two different parts where the continuous voids 2 communicate with each other.

  For example, when the porous cement cured body 1 according to the present embodiment is used as a live block or used for coral cultivation, oxygen is supplied into the continuous void 2 from the opening of the continuous void 2. Therefore, living organisms and microorganisms inhabit the continuous void 2 and an ecosystem is formed. Thereby, the hardened porous cement 1 according to the present embodiment forms a preferable environment as a live block or a coral culture application.

In addition, in order for organisms and microorganisms to inhabit the continuous void 2, the water permeability coefficient of the hardened porous cement 1 according to this embodiment is 5.0 × 10 ⁻² cm / second or more and 5.0 × 10 ^−1. It is preferable to be in the range of cm / second or less. Here, the water permeability coefficient was measured by the method specified in the Japan Concrete Industry Association “Method for testing water permeability of porous concrete”. If the porous cement hardened body 1 is in such a range, living organisms and microorganisms can inhabit in the continuous voids 2 and an ecosystem can be effectively formed. Next, the manufacturing method of the hardened porous cement 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the method for producing a hardened porous cement according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example in which the hardened porous cement according to the present embodiment is molded as a structure for a live block. When manufacturing the hardened porous cement according to the present embodiment, first, aggregate (sand in the present embodiment) and cement weighed to a predetermined amount are prepared and put into a kneader (step S101). . The aggregate is used for the purpose of increasing the amount, and may be used as necessary. The aggregate is not limited to sand, and for example, stone or slag may be used. When used as a live block structure, sea sand can also be used.

  Next, water and an admixture weighed to a predetermined amount are added to the cement / sand mixture (step S102) to produce a cement mixture. In this embodiment, at least an air entraining agent and a foaming agent are used as the admixture. Here, as the foaming agent, for example, an aluminum-based foaming agent is used. In the present embodiment, the foaming agent is an admixture that can generate bubbles in the cement mixture, and a mechanism for generating bubbles in the cement mixture by generating gas by a chemical reaction or physical Any mechanism that generates bubbles, such as a mechanism that generates bubbles in the cement mixture, may be used. In addition, when the admixture is added, a water reducing agent may be added in addition to the air entraining agent and the foaming agent. As the water reducing agent, for example, an AE (Air Entraining Agent) water reducing agent (air entraining agent that disperses cement particles) or a high-performance AE water reducing agent can be used.

  Due to the air entraining agent, fine closed cells having a diameter of about 20 μm to 30 μm are generated in the cement mixture. Here, the closed cell is a concept for continuous voids, which forms a closed space inside the hardened cementitious cement body 1 and refers to a space where different portions of the hardened cementitious cement body 1 do not communicate with each other.

When cement and water react, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) ₂ ) is generated in the mixture of cement and water (cement mixture), and this calcium hydroxide reacts with aluminum in the foaming agent. Thus, hydrogen (H ₂ ) is generated. Since hydrogen is light, it moves upward (in the direction opposite to the direction of action of gravity) between the closed cells generated in the cement, and in the process, the closed cells generated by the air entraining agent are connected to each other to form a continuous void 2. (See FIG. 1-2). For this reason, in the live block structure or porous cement cured body according to this embodiment, the continuous void 2 can be formed even in a state of only cement, water, and an admixture (a state in which no aggregate is included).

  When water and an admixture are added to the mixture of cement and sand, the mixture of sand, cement, water and admixture is kneaded (step S103). When the mixture is sufficiently kneaded and mixed, it is molded into a desired shape (live block shape) (step S104), and the molded product is cured in water (step S105). In addition, when using the porous cement hardening body which concerns on this embodiment for a live block use or a coral culture use, you may cure the said shaping | molding pair in seawater. When the curing in water for a predetermined period is completed, the molded body is removed (step S106), and for example, for a live block made of a hardened porous cement according to this embodiment as shown in FIG. The structure (live block structure) 5 is completed (step S107). The live block structure 5 has a large number of fine continuous voids formed therein, and is suitable for the cultivation of live blocks and corals.

  The hardened porous cement according to the present embodiment can be suitably used for water and seawater purification, filters, water-permeable paving, and the like in addition to aquaculture such as live rock and coral. When the hardened porous cement according to the present embodiment is used for coral cultivation, it is thought that algae are less likely to root on the surface because fine holes with a diameter of several μm to several hundred μm are opened on the surface. It is done. As a result, the effect that the inhibition of coral photosynthesis caused by algae growing on the surface of the structure can be expected. Furthermore, since it can be produced simply by weighing and mixing the materials and then molding, it is possible to efficiently produce a live block structure or a porous cement structure with little variation in quality.

  As described above, in this embodiment, at least a mixture obtained by kneading cement, an air entraining agent, a foaming agent, and water is molded to obtain a structure for livelock and a hardened porous cement. In the live block structure and the porous cement cured body obtained in this manner, continuous voids having a diameter of several tens of μm are formed inside. Since such continuous voids are suitable for living organisms and microorganisms, a live block suitable for the growth of living organisms can be efficiently produced by using the live block structure according to this embodiment. In addition, the hardened porous cement and the live block structure according to the present embodiment are also preferably used to cultivate corals by transplanting coral reefs or engrafting coral larvae in the sea. Can do. Note that the configuration of the present embodiment can also be applied as appropriate in the following embodiments.

(Embodiment 2)
The second embodiment is an example in which the hardened porous cement having continuous voids according to the first embodiment is applied to a live block. Live block is well known as a relatively small one used for purification in a water tank. For example, a live block used for the purpose of restoring an underwater environment has a large size and mass. The second embodiment relates to a live block that is used for recovery of such an underwater environment and has a large size and mass.

  The second embodiment is for facilitating handling of a live block having a large size and mass, which is used, for example, for recovery of an underwater environment, and is characterized by the following points. That is, a hollow part is formed inside the biofix layer composed of the hardened porous cement according to Embodiment 1, and buoyancy generating means is provided in the hollow part. And it is made to age for a predetermined period in an aquaculture area, and a living thing is made to adhere to the part constituted by the porous of a living fixation layer. Thereafter, the buoyancy of the buoyancy generating means is reduced during the installation by moving to the installation location.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a live block structure according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state where a live block produced using the live block structure according to the second embodiment is installed on the seabed. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the live block is shown in a sectional view. The live block structure 10 according to the present embodiment includes a biofixation layer 12 composed of a hardened porous cement having continuous voids according to the first embodiment, and a hollow container that is a buoyancy generating means provided therein. 13.

  The bio-fixation layer 12 constituting the live block structure 10 is a part to which bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds and the like, lime algae, corals and the like are fixed. The live block structure 10 according to the present embodiment is composed of the hardened porous cement body 1 (see FIGS. 1-1, 1-2, etc.) having the continuous voids 2 described in the first embodiment. As a result, the water permeability of the biofix layer 12 is improved and the fixation of bacteria, lime algae and the like is promoted. Moreover, since the surface area can be increased by the hardened porous cement, the fixed amount of bacteria and lime algae increases. This makes it possible to produce live rocks rich in bacteria and lime algae in a relatively short period of time.

  An IC (Integrated Circuit) tag 17 is attached to the live block structure 10 as an individual identifying means capable of identifying itself. The IC tag 17 is attached to the live block structure 10 after being sealed in a waterproof case or waterproofed to provide a waterproof measure. If the live block structure 10 is cured in the aquaculture area and bacteria, lime algae, coral C, and the like are established as shown in FIG. 5, there is a possibility that it cannot be distinguished from a natural reef. Therefore, the live block 10L completed by the establishment of bacteria, lime algae, coral C, etc. is identified as an artificial structure by the IC tag 17. Further, the attributes of the live block structure 10 (such as the type of coral C to be fixed, the start time of the curing, and the information on the curing sea area) can be stored in the IC tag 17. This facilitates management of a large number of live block structures 10. It can also be used to recycle live rocks that are no longer needed after tank removal.

  A hollow portion 12 </ b> R is formed inside the biofix layer 12. A hollow container 13 serving as a buoyancy generating means is attached to the hollow portion 12R. The hollow container 13 is combined and integrated with the biofix layer 12. Here, “integration” means that the biofix layer 12 and the hollow container 13 cannot be separated without destroying the biofix layer 12.

  The hollow container 13 has a sealed structure by attaching a stopper 16 to the communication holes 14 and 15, and generates buoyancy in water. The hollow container 13 is made of, for example, iron or FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic). In this embodiment, the hollow container 13 is provided with a communication hole 15 in a portion corresponding to the bottom portion 10B of the lyblock structure 10, and seawater is contained in the hollow container 13 when the lylock 10L described later is installed. It is easy to flow into 13R. Since the live block structure 10 includes the hollow container 13 inside the biofixation layer 12, there is an advantage that the biofixation layer 12 can be reinforced by the hollow container 13.

  Before installing the live block structure 10 at the installation location, the stopper 16 is attached to the communication holes 14 and 15 so that the hollow container 13 is sealed to generate buoyancy in water. In this case, a predetermined amount of water may be injected into the hollow container 13 for buoyancy adjustment. When the live block structure 10 is completed as the live block 10L (FIG. 5) and then installed at the installation location, the hollow vessel 13 is towed to the installation location while generating buoyancy. And by removing the stopper 16 at the time of installation, the seawater W flows into the hollow container 13 from the communication holes 14 and 15, and the hollow container 13 is filled with the seawater W. As a result, the buoyancy of the hollow container 13 is lost, and the live block 10L including the hollow container 13 is set down on the seabed L of the installation site.

  The live block structure 10 includes a hollow container 13 which is a buoyancy generating means, and generates buoyancy in the hollow container 13 during towing to the aquaculture area, during curing, or towing to the installation site. . Accordingly, seawater bears a part of the weight of the livelock structure 10 and the livelock 10L on which bacteria, coral C, and the like are fixed. As a result, it is possible to reduce the load when towing the live block structure 10 or the live block 10L to which bacteria or the like are fixed. In addition, when the live block structure 10 is cured in the aquaculture area, since the force for supporting the live block structure 10 can be reduced, the support structure of the live block structure 10 can be provided in a facility for curing the live block. It is possible to simplify or suppress a decrease in durability of the facility. The structure which concerns on this embodiment is so preferable that the dimension and mass of the structure 10 for live blocks and the live block 10L become large.

  As described above, the live block structure according to the present embodiment and the modification thereof constitutes a biofixation layer for fixing a living organism with a porous cement cured body having continuous voids, and buoyancy generating means inside the biofixation layer. A live rock is produced using this. This makes it possible to use the buoyancy of the buoyancy generating means, so that it is easy to handle when moving to the place where the live block is installed. Further, when installing the lylock, the buoyancy of the buoyancy generating means only has to be reduced, so that the layblock is easily installed.

(Embodiment 3)
In the third embodiment, a live block is produced using the live block structure 5 (see FIG. 3) described in the first embodiment and the live block structure 10 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) according to the second embodiment. A live block production facility and a live block production method will be described. Here, the live block refers to a living organism fixed on the live block structure.

  FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a live block production facility according to the third embodiment. 7 and 8 are side views showing the live block production facility according to the third embodiment. In this live block production facility 30, the floating structure 20 to which the live block structure 5 (see FIG. 3, etc.) described in the first embodiment is attached is converted into a sea area (cured sea area) S suitable for live block curing. Float. As a result, bacteria, lime algae, coral, etc. are fixed on the live block structure 5 to produce live blocks.

  In addition, you may attach to the floating body structure 20 (refer FIG. 4, FIG. 5) which provided the buoyancy generation | occurrence | production means in the inside of the biofixation layer which fixes a living body based on Embodiment 2. FIG. By using such a live block structure 10, the buoyancy generated by the buoyancy generating means of the live block structure 10 can be used. Therefore, the work for attaching the live block structure 10 to the floating structure 20 or In addition, it is possible to reduce the burden of pulling up the live block structure 10 in order to check the living state of the organism. Moreover, since the buoyancy generating means of the live block structure 10 generates buoyancy, the load imposed on the floating structure 20 can also be reduced. As a result, more live blocks can be cured and produced.

  In the live block production facility 30 according to the present embodiment, the floating structure 20 is configured by combining a plurality of buoyancy bodies. The method of forming the floating structure 20 and the shape of the floating structure 20 are illustrated in FIGS. It is not limited to what was disclosed in (1). As the buoyancy body constituting the floating structure 20, for example, a hollow structure in which a plurality of metal plates are joined by welding or the like can be used. The floating structure 20 may be moored in a predetermined sea area by an anchor, or may be moored on land.

  The live block structure 5 is attached to the floating structure 20 by live block attachment means and immersed in a predetermined sea area. For convenience of explanation, the live block production facility 30 according to the present embodiment includes two types of live block mounting means, but actually, one of the two types of live block mounting means is used.

  As the live block attachment means, for example, the live block structure 10 can be anchored to the floating structure 20 using a mooring cable 24 as shown in FIG. For example, a rope or a wire with high corrosion resistance is used for the mooring line 24. Moreover, you may use the live block support tool 21 as shown, for example in FIG. 8 as a live block attachment means. The live block support 21 includes a plate-shaped live block mounting portion 23 and a shaft 22 that connects the live block mounting portion 23 and the floating structure 20.

(Modification)
A modification of the third embodiment is a structure (hereinafter referred to as a coral) for growing coral and the like provided with the hardened porous cement 1 described in the first embodiment (see FIGS. 1-1 and 1-2) on the outer periphery. Is a structure for equal growth). The structure for growing corals and the like according to the modification of the third embodiment is a concrete floating structure such as a floating jetty, and the porous portion described in the first embodiment is the outer peripheral portion and at least the portion in contact with water (seawater). An environment suitable for the growth of corals and the like is created by covering with a hardened cement body 1 and forming an ecosystem on the surface portion.

  FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a structure for growing corals and the like according to a modification of the third embodiment. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a coral culture unit provided in a coral-cultivating structure according to a modification of the third embodiment. It is known that corals, seaweeds, shellfish, etc. adhere to the surface of coastal structures such as floating piers and breakwaters made of concrete. In particular, it is known that the sea area where the water depth is comparatively shallow and sunlight is well inserted is suitable for coral growth. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the coral is cultivated by providing a part for culturing the coral on a buoyant body placed on the part where the concrete contacts seawater.

  This structure 40 for coral and the like is a buoyant body that generates buoyancy and floats on the sea. Note that the coral-growing structure 40 is not limited to a buoyancy body. In the structure for growing corals 40, a steel frame 40SP is reinforced with ribs 40SR to form a basic skeleton, a plurality of gibber 40SE and a reinforcing bar 40SC are arranged on the outer surface, and then concrete is cast to form a concrete layer 42. And configured as a buoyancy body. In addition, on the surface of the concrete layer 42, the hardened porous cement 1 described in the first embodiment (see FIG. 1-1 and the like) is placed at least in a portion in contact with seawater, so that the biofixation layer 43 is formed. The Here, the structure for growing corals 40 may be prepared for coral cultivation and moored on a quay or the sea floor. For example, the structure for growing corals 40 may be used as a floating bridge or the like. Or you may provide the part which cultures coral on the side which touches seawater using a floating jetty.

  Here, if the structure 40 for raising corals is configured as a movable buoyant body, when the seawater temperature rises abnormally, the child coral that is growing together with the floating body structure is moved to the sea area with an appropriate water temperature. Can do. In addition, during a storm caused by a typhoon or the like, the growing coral can be moved into the harbor along with the floating structure, so that damage to the coral during the growth can be minimized.

  As shown in FIG. 10, transplantation holes 43 f are opened at predetermined intervals in the biofixation layer 43 provided in the structure for growing corals 40. As a result, a portion (coral growing portion) 48 for growing corals is formed. The child coral C is transplanted through the support rod 44 into the transplant hole 43f. And the said child coral C is grown for a predetermined period in the sea of the sea area suitable for aquaculture.

  Corals are also easily attached to the biofix layer 43, but algae and shellfish are also easily attached. As described in the first embodiment, the hardened porous cement constituting the biofixing layer 43 is predicted to be difficult to grow algae roots. Therefore, the photosynthesis inhibition of corals due to the algae growing on the surface of the structure is prevented. The effect that it can suppress can also be expected. In addition, a hard and smooth coating layer such as a fluororesin is provided around at least the transplant hole 43f of the coral growing part 48. By this, it may suppress that algae and shellfish adhere to the circumference | surroundings of the child coral C, and may reduce the possibility that the growth of the child coral C may be hindered.

  As mentioned above, in this embodiment and its modification, when seawater temperature rises abnormally by using a floating structure, the structure for live block under curing is moved to the sea area of appropriate water temperature together with the floating structure. Can be made. In addition, during a storm due to a typhoon or the like, the live block structure being cured can be moved into the port together with the floating structure, so that damage to the live block structure being cured can be minimized. Since the buoyancy generating means of the live block structure generates buoyancy, the load when moving the live block structure together with the floating structure can be reduced.

(Embodiment 4)
In the fourth embodiment, the live block structure 5 (see FIG. 3) composed of the hardened porous cement described in the first embodiment is held in the sea to cultivate coral and the like, and to reef the coral reef and the like. Of the structure (hereinafter referred to as a reef-building structure).

  FIG. 11 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a reef building structure according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a plan view showing the configuration of the reef building structure according to the fourth embodiment. The reef-building structure 50 has a structure in which a pair of support bodies 52 are connected by a reinforcing member 51 and a bottom side connection member 53, and is a holding means between a pair of support bodies 52 made of concrete or the like. A placement net 54 is provided. And it is installed in the seabed L, and is used for reef formation of a coral reef, for example.

  On the placement net 54, the live block structure 5 (see FIG. 3) made of a hardened porous cement is placed. The live block structure 5 is disposed in a space surrounded by the pair of support bodies 52, the loading net 54, and the bottom side connection member 53, and is used as a weight of the reef building structure 50. The The live block structure 5 may be laid with coral larvae in the sea, or the live block structure 5 in which the child coral has been transplanted in advance is held in the sea by the loading net 54 and the coral is It may be farmed.

  The support 52 may be formed by reinforcing porous concrete with a reinforcing bar or the like, or by applying ceramic powder or porous concrete to an iron plate. Moreover, the bottom side connection member 53 may be configured by combining, for example, steel frames in a truss shape, or may be configured integrally with the support body 52. The biofixation layer 52S of the hardened porous cement described in the first embodiment may be formed on the surface of the support 52. In this way, corals can be grown on the surface of the support 52.

  Two types of porous cement hardened bodies according to Embodiment 1 were prototyped by the method for manufacturing a hardened porous cement according to Embodiment 1 (Production Example 1 and Production Example 2). Moreover, as a comparative example, an air-entraining agent and a foaming agent are not added (Comparative Example 1), an air-entraining agent and a foaming agent are added, and water, gravel (aggregate) and cement are formed ( A comparative example 2), which was formed of water, aggregate (gravel), and cement (Comparative Example 3) was made as a prototype. Comparative Example 3 is conventional porous concrete in which aggregates are joined with cement so that spaces are formed between so-called aggregates. Table 1 shows materials used for manufacturing the hardened porous cement according to this example.

The cement is ordinary cement, the water reducing agent is Leobuild SP8SBs (trade name, treated as Pozzolith product), the air entraining agent is Fine Foam 707 (trade name, treated as Pozoris product), and the foaming agent is Pozzolith GF-630 (trade name). (Trade name, Pozoris product handling). These formulations are shown in Table 2. Formulations shown in Table 2 is the amount in the case of producing a porous cured cement 1 m ^3, are shown by mass in ^{1m 3 (kg / m 3)} . Cement is indicated by the symbol CE, sand is indicated by the symbol SA, the water reducing agent is indicated by the symbol SP, the air entraining agent is indicated by the symbol FF, and the foaming agent is indicated by the symbol GF.

The present invention is directed to 200kg~300kg mass of water in 1 m ^3, when the 750kg~850kg the mass of sand in the 1 m ^3, the weight ratio of water to cement is less than 30%, hard state of kneading up As a result, the movement of hydrogen gas generated by bubbles, that is, aluminum, becomes worse, and it becomes difficult to form continuous voids. On the other hand, if the mass ratio of water to cement exceeds 40%, the strength (compression strength) of the lyblock as a raw material becomes weak, and it becomes difficult to mold the lyblock itself. Therefore, the mass ratio of water to cement is preferably 30% or more and 40% or less. In this case, the mass ratio of the air entraining agent to the cement is 0.1% to 0.3%, and the mass ratio of the foaming agent (aluminum-based) to the cement is 0.5% to 1.5%. It is preferable.

  Here, the mass ratio of water to cement is usually about 55%. In the present invention, by setting the mass ratio of water to cement to 30% or more and 40% or less, as will be described later, while ensuring a high water permeability suitable for the structure for live block, The strength as a material can be secured.

  As a result of observing the cross section of the cured porous cement according to Production Example 1 and Production Example 2, it was confirmed that a large number of continuous voids communicating two different surfaces were formed. Moreover, from the results of Table 2, in Production Example 1, a cured porous cement having a water permeability coefficient of 0.24 cm / second and a compressive strength of 1.80 MPa was obtained. In Production Example 2, a hardened porous cement having a water permeability of 0.11 cm / second and a compressive strength of 1.90 MPa was obtained. In Production Example 1 and Production Example 2 according to the present invention, no significant reduction in compressive strength is observed with respect to Comparative Example 1 (mortar used for conventional building applications) and Comparative Example 2.

  Further, the water permeability coefficient of Production Example 1 and Production Example 2 is about ½ of the water permeability coefficient of Comparative Example 1. From this result, it can be judged that, in comparison with Comparative Example 1, in Production Example 1 and Production Example 2, continuous voids preferable for the growth of organisms such as bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds and the like are formed. As described above, according to the present invention, it is understood that a hardened porous cement can be obtained that is suitable for uses such as production of live rocks, aquaculture of coral, or water purification, and has a small strength reduction. In addition, depending on the presence or absence of the water reducing agent SP, the water permeability, the average diameter of the continuous voids, and the compressive strength did not change greatly.

  As described above, the live block structure and the porous cement cured body according to the present invention are useful for artificially producing live blocks, and in particular, the structure for live blocks with uniform quality is efficiently used. It is suitable for manufacturing.

1 is an overall view showing a hardened porous cement according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an internal structure of a cured porous cement according to Embodiment 1. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the manufacturing method of the porous cement hardening body which concerns on this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example which shape | molded the porous cement hardening body which concerns on this embodiment as a structure for live blocks. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the structure for live block which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which installed the live block produced using the structure for live block which concerns on Embodiment 2 on the seabed. It is a top view which shows the live block production facility which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a side view which shows the live block production facility which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a side view which shows the live block production facility which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the structure for raising corals etc. which concern on the modification of Embodiment 3. FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the culture part of the coral provided in the structure for raising corals etc. which concerns on the modification of Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a front view which shows the structure of the structure for reef formation which concerns on Embodiment 4. FIG. It is a top view which shows the structure of the structure for reef formation concerning Embodiment 4. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Hardened porous cement 2 Continuous voids (continuous voids)
5 Structure for Liver Block 10 Structure for Liver Block 10L Live Block 12 Biological Fixation Layer 20 Floating Structure 21 Liver Block Support 23 Liver Block Attachment 30 Liver Block Production Equipment 40 Structure for Growing Coral 42 Concrete Layer 43 Biology Anchorage layer 50 Reef-building structure 52 Support 52S Biological anchorage layer 54 Placement network

Claims (10)

It is a hardened body of cement obtained by hydrating and hardening a cement mixture containing cement and water.
Cement,
An air entraining agent that mixes fine bubbles in the cement mixture;
A foaming agent that reacts with a substance generated in the cement mixture to generate a gas,
A live block structure characterized in that at least living organisms are fixed in voids formed inside the cured body. The lye block structure according to claim 1, wherein a water permeability coefficient of the cured body is 5.0 x ^10-2 cm / sec or more and 5.0 x ^10-1 cm / sec or less.   3. The live block structure according to claim 2, wherein the foaming agent is an aluminum-based foaming agent and reacts with calcium hydroxide generated in the cement mixture to generate hydrogen. In the structure for a live block of any one of Claims 1-3,
The structure for a livelock characterized by the mass ratio of the water and the cement being 30% or more and 40% or less. The structure for a livelock according to claim 4,
The ratio of the mass of the air entraining agent to the mass of the cement is 0.1% to 0.3%, and the ratio of the mass of the foaming agent to the mass of the cement is 0.5% to 1. A structure for a livelock characterized by being 5% or less. It is a hardened body of cement obtained by hydrating and hardening a cement mixture containing cement and water.
Cement,
An air entraining agent that mixes air bubbles in the cement mixture;
A foaming agent that reacts with a substance generated in the cement mixture to generate a gas;
A hardened porous cement, comprising: The porous cement cured body according to claim 6, wherein the cured body has a water permeability coefficient of 5.0 × 10 ⁻² cm / second or more and 5.0 × 10 ⁻¹ cm / second or less.   The hardened porous cement according to claim 7, wherein the foaming agent is an aluminum-based foaming agent and reacts with calcium hydroxide generated in the cement mixture to generate hydrogen. In the hardened porous cement according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
The porous cement hardened body, wherein a mass ratio of the water and the cement is 30% or more and 40% or less. In the hardened porous cement according to claim 9,
The ratio of the mass of the air entraining agent to the mass of the cement is 0.1% to 0.3%, and the ratio of the mass of the foaming agent to the mass of the cement is 0.5% to 1. A hardened porous cement, which is 5% or less.

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