JP6986343B2 - Electromagnetic retarder with automatic switching function - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is an electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function, particularly an electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function that functions as an electromagnetic retarder in a low-speed rotation region where generated power is insufficient and as a self-powered electromagnetic retarder in a high-speed rotation region. It is about.

Conventionally, a multifunctional electromagnetic retarder that functions as an electromagnetic retarder in a low-speed rotation region where generated power is insufficient and a self-powered retarder in a high-speed rotation region is known (Patent Document 1).

11 to 13 show such a multifunctional electromagnetic retarder, where 1 is a vehicle tire, 2 is an engine, 3 is an electromagnetic retarder main body, 4 is an operation signal, and 5 is a control for processing an operation signal 4. Devices, 6a and 6b are drive pulses from the control device 5, 7 is a retarder drive device having switching elements T1 to T3 and T4 to T6 whose opening and closing are controlled by the drive pulses 6a and 6b, respectively, and L is the retarder main body portion. An electromagnetic coil composed of twelve electromagnetic coils L1 to L12 each having an iron core arranged on the outer periphery of the stator yoke 9 surrounding the stator 8 of 3 so as to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. Fins, 12 are batteries, and D1 is a diode.

Each of the above electromagnetic coils L1 to L12 forms a three-phase connection of A phase, B phase, and C phase, and the electromagnetic coils L4, L5, L6, L10, and L11 are connected to the electromagnetic coils L1, L2, L3, L7, L8, and L9. And the polarities of L12 are opposite to each other. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the switching elements T1 and T4 are interposed in series with the A phase connection line composed of the electromagnetic coils L1, L4, L7 and L10, and the switching elements T2 and T5 are the electromagnetic coils L2, L5 and L8. , L11 are interposed in series with the B phase connection, and the switching elements T3 and T6 are interposed in series with the C phase connection of the electromagnetic coils L3, L6, L9, L12.

In such an electromagnetic retarder, an operation signal 4 from an operation switching switching element in a rotation speed determination unit (not shown) of the tire 1 is added to the control device 5, and drive pulses 6a and 6b are generated from the control device 5. The output is output, and the switching elements T1 to T3 or T4 to T6 of the drive device 7 are turned on, respectively, to form a resonance circuit between the capacitor C and the electromagnetic coils L1 to L12.

When the rotation speed of the steel rotating body 10 rotated according to the rotation of the tire 1 becomes faster than the rotating magnetic field calculated by the resonance frequency of the capacitor and the electromagnetic coil, the electromagnetic coil generated by the residual magnetism of the steel rotating body 10 The voltage becomes a three-phase AC voltage of a specific frequency by the action of the resonance circuit of the capacitor and the electromagnetic coil. At this time, an eddy current flows in the steel rotating body 10 due to the difference between the rotating magnetic field Ns due to the three-phase AC voltage and the rotation number Nd of the steel and the rotating body 10. Since the eddy current generated in the steel rotating body 10 increases the voltage of the electromagnetic coil, a larger eddy current flows in the steel rotating body 10. The repetition of this action is stable in that the magnetic field does not increase even if the coil voltage finally rises. The eddy current inside the steel rotating body 10 generates Joule heat, and a larger braking force than before is generated in the steel rotating body 10. This braking energy is converted into heat and radiated to the atmosphere from the fins 11 provided on the outer periphery of the steel rotating body 10.

In such an electromagnetic retarder, in the high-speed rotation region of the tire 1 having a large generated power, the switching elements T1 to T3 of the drive device 7 are controlled to open and close by the drive pulse 6a from the control device 5, respectively, and function as a self-power generation type retarder. In the low-speed rotation region of the tire 1 in which the generated power is insufficient, the switching elements T4 to T6 of the drive device 7 are controlled to open and close by the drive pulse 6b to function as an electromagnetic retarder.

WO2015 / 132854

In the above-mentioned conventional electromagnetic retarder, there is a possibility that the self-power generation type operation and the electromagnetic type operation are frequently switched. In addition, the moment the energization of the coil is turned off, the magnetic flux is not generated, but the self-induction action of the coil causes a high-pressure counter electromotive voltage in the direction in which this magnetic flux does not disappear, and the generation of this high-voltage counter electromotive voltage causes the coil to generate a high-voltage counter electromotive voltage. It causes a cause to destroy the operation switching switching element for energizing / de-energizing.

The present invention is designed to eliminate such drawbacks.

The electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention rotates according to the rotation of the stator yoke and a plurality of electromagnetic coils having iron cores arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the stator yoke and the tire of the vehicle. A retarder main body composed of a steel rotating body, a battery, a backflow prevention diode, a control device having a rotation speed determination unit of the steel rotating body, and opening and closing by a drive pulse for a low speed rotation region from this control device. It has a low-speed rotation region drive device having three controlled switching elements and a high-speed rotation region drive device having three switching elements controlled to open and close by a high-speed rotation region drive pulse from the control device. death,
A three-phase connection is formed by the electromagnetic coil, each phase electromagnetic coil forms a resonance circuit together with a capacitor, and each of the above switching elements is inserted in series with each phase of the above three-phase connection to generate power. It functions as an electromagnetic retarder in the insufficient low-speed rotation region, functions as a self-powered retarder in the high-speed rotation region where the generated power is large, and the drive pulse for the low-speed rotation region from the control device is smaller than the corresponding set value. It is characterized in that the drive pulse for the high-speed rotation region is generated at a value larger than the corresponding set value.

Further, the electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention is a switching element for DUTY control, which is connected in series with a power supply and is turned on when braking is applied, and is provided for operation switching in the electromagnetic coil and the rotation speed determination unit of the tire. When the DUTY control switching element, which consists of a series circuit with a switching element and a series circuit of a high voltage absorption diode and a high voltage absorption switching element connected in parallel with the electromagnetic coil, is turned off, the electromagnetic wave It is characterized by having a switching element protecting means for protecting the DUTY control switching element and the operation switching switching element from the high voltage generated in the coil.

Further, when the electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention functions as a self-powered retarder, the duty control is performed in two of the three phases so that the duty ratio and the output torque ratio are substantially directly proportional to each other. It is a feature.

Further, when the electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention functions as a self-powered retarder, the values of the duty ratio (0 to 100%) are integrated at regular intervals, and when the threshold value of 100 is reached, the steel is steeled. The DUTY control switching element controlled by the rotation determination unit of the rotating body is turned on, and only the portion whose DUTY ratio exceeds the threshold value 100 is integrated into the next DUTY ratio.

Further, the electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention keeps the A phase in the ON state at all times in the two-phase ON / OFF control, calculates the integrated value of the threshold value at the rise of the A phase voltage, and is in the ON condition. It is characterized in that the B phase is turned on at the timing of the cigarette, the calculated value of the threshold value is calculated at the falling edge of the A phase voltage, and the C phase is turned on at this timing if the condition is ON.

Further, the electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention reduces torque ripple by starting the B phase when the threshold value is 0 and the C phase when the threshold value is 50. It is a feature.

Further, the electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention is a switching element for DUTY control connected to a power source and turned on when braking is applied, and a switching element for operation switching provided in the electromagnetic coil and the rotation speed determination unit of the tire. A series circuit consisting of a high voltage absorption diode and a high voltage voltage absorption switching element connected in parallel with the electromagnetic coil, and a DUTY control switching element, a high voltage absorption switching element, and a high voltage. It consists of a capacitor connected in parallel with a voltage absorption diode in series circuit, and if the above operation switching switching element is turned off and the DUTY control switching element is turned off, all the phase voltages exceed the predetermined voltage. After the predetermined time has elapsed, it is determined that the operation switching switching element has a short circuit abnormality, the DUTY control switching element has been determined to have an open abnormality, the operation switching switching element has been turned ON, and the DUTY control switching element has been turned OFF. If all the phase voltages are outside the specified voltage, it is determined that the operation switching switching element is open abnormally after the specified time has elapsed, and both the operation switching switching element and the DUTY control switching element are turned off. If the voltage of each phase is out of the predetermined voltage, the DUTY control switching element is characterized by having an abnormality determining means for determining the opening abnormality after the elapse of the predetermined time.

According to the electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) The electromagnetic retarder does not frequently switch between self-power generation operation and electromagnetic operation.

(2) Operation switching switching element that switches to function as an electromagnetic retarder in the low-speed rotation region where the generated power is insufficient, and functions as a self-powered electromagnetic retarder in the high-speed rotation region where the generated power is large, and DUTY control switching. The element can be prevented from the high voltage countercurrent voltage generated in the electromagnetic coil.

(3) It becomes possible to quickly and accurately determine an abnormality at the time of starting (when the power is turned on) of the operation switching switching element for switching between the electromagnetic operation and the self-power generation type operation and the DUTY control switching element.

It is an operation mode explanatory drawing of the electromagnetic type retarder with an automatic switching function of this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the switching element protection means of the electromagnetic retarder of this invention. It is a waveform diagram of the operation signal of each switching element in the electromagnetic retarder of this invention. It is a diagram which shows the relationship between the brake torque ratio (%) and the duty ratio (%) of the electromagnetic retarder of this invention. It is a diagram which shows the relationship between the duty ratio integrated value of the electromagnetic retarder of this invention, and the operation of a switching element. It is explanatory drawing of the on-timing of A phase and B phase of the electromagnetic retarder of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the on-timing of A phase and C phase of the electromagnetic retarder of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the on-off timing of the A phase to C phase of the conventional electromagnetic retarder. It is explanatory drawing of the on-off timing of the A phase to C phase of the electromagnetic retarder of this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the abnormality determination means of the switching element of the electromagnetic retarder of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional electromagnetic retarder with multi-function. FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional front view of the main body portion of the conventional retarder shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional side view of the main body portion of the conventional retarder shown in FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the switching operation is provided with a hysteresis characteristic so that the self-power generation type operation and the electromagnetic type operation are not frequently switched. That is, even if the engine speed or the vehicle speed reaches a predetermined value, the electromagnetic mode is not immediately switched to the self-power generation mode, but when the engine speed or vehicle speed becomes larger than the predetermined value to some extent, the self-power generation mode is switched to, and conversely, the self-power generation mode. Even if the engine speed or the vehicle speed drops to a predetermined value, the electromagnetic mode is not immediately switched to, but is switched to the electromagnetic mode when the engine speed or vehicle speed drops to some extent.

In the self-power generation type operation, the duty control switching element is turned on when braking, but while it is turned on, a resonance operation occurs in the coil and the capacitor, and an AC voltage is generated. When this DUTY control switching element is turned off, a high-voltage counter electromotive voltage (surge voltage) is generated in the direction in which the magnetic flux does not disappear due to the self-induction action of the coil, destroying the DUTY control switching element and the operation switching switching element. It ends up. Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a protective means 13 for suppressing the generation of the counter electromotive force to protect the switching element is provided. In the protection means 13, the DUTY control switching element 14, the electromagnetic coil L, and the operation switching switching element 15 provided in the rotation speed determination unit from the tire 1 are connected in series to the power supply, and further, the electromagnetic wave is further connected. A series circuit of the high voltage absorption diode 16 and the high voltage voltage absorption switching element 17 is connected in parallel with the coil L so that the high voltage can escape.

The DUTY control switching element 14, the high voltage absorption switching element 17, and the operation switching switching element 15 are controlled by the A to C signals from the control device 5, respectively.

The A signal of the DUTY control switching element 14 that controls each switching element, the B signal of the high voltage absorption switching element 17, and the C signal of the operation switching switching element 15 are as shown in FIG. In the self-power generation type operation, the B signal of the high voltage absorption switching element 17 reverses with respect to the A signal of the DUTY control switching element 14, and the high voltage generation is suppressed via the high voltage absorption diode 16. To. In the electromagnetic operation, the B signal of the high voltage absorption switching element 17 is always turned on, so that the generation of high voltage is suppressed via the high voltage absorption diode 16. In the self-power generation type operation, if the B signal of the switching element 17 for high voltage absorption is always turned on, the resonance operation of the coil and the capacitor does not occur and the function as a retarder is not satisfied, so that it should not be turned on all the time. To. As each switching element, all switching elements capable of turning on / off electric energization, such as MOSFETs, IGBTs, power switching elements, and contact relays, can be used.

In the duty control (torque control) in the self-power generation type operation, it is preferable to use a control method in which the duty ratio and the output torque ratio become substantially linear. In the DUTY control (torque control) in the self-power generation type operation, when all the phases of the three phases are turned ON / OFF, the resonance operation (oscillation operation) is stopped at the time of OFF, and the DUTY control becomes uncontrollable. Further, if the duty control is performed on one of the three phases, the other two phases perform resonance operation (oscillation operation) even if one phase is turned off. Therefore, even if the duty is lowered, as shown in FIG. Experiments have shown that the actual retarder control torque does not decrease. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, it was found that if the two phases are switched and controlled, the braking torque ratio becomes almost the same as the DUTY ratio with respect to the actual DUTY ratio.

Therefore, in the DUTY control (torque output control) in the self-power generation type operation, the ideal two-phase ON / OFF control is preferable for the ON / OFF control of the DUTY control switching element 14. For example, the values of the duty ratio (0 to 100%) are integrated at a certain interval, and when the threshold value 100 is reached, the switching element 14 is turned on. If this integrated value exceeds the threshold value 100, only the excess value is integrated into the next duty ratio. FIG. 5 is a time chart showing the integrated value and the operation of the switching element when the duty ratio is 40%. When the B and C phases are switched ON / OFF by the two-phase ON / OFF control, the A phase is always in the ON state. In this case, since the A phase is always in an oscillating state, the timing for turning on the B phase and the C phase is determined by the voltage waveform of the A phase.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the timing at which the B phase is turned on is determined by the rising edge of the A phase so that the A, B, and C phases have a three-phase AC waveform, and the integrated value is calculated. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 7, the timing at which the C phase is turned on is determined by the falling edge of the A phase, and the integrated value is calculated.

When the integrated values of the B phase and the C phase are started from 0 at the rising edge and the falling edge of the A phase at the ON timing of the B phase and the C phase, respectively, FIG. 8 (DUTY ratio 50%). As shown in FIG. 9, both the B phase and the C phase are turned on and off at the same time, and as shown in the waveform diagram of FIG. 9, torque ripple occurs in the retarder. In order to solve this, as shown in FIG. 9 (DUTY ratio 50%), the integrated value of the B phase is started from 0, and the integrated value of the C phase is started from 50, so that each phase is turned ON / OFF. The timing is smoothed, the torque ripple of the retarder is reduced, and it is possible to eliminate the feeling of strangeness when riding due to the torque ripple during retarder braking.

That is, in FIG. 8, the timing at which the B and C phases are turned on at the same time occurs, but in FIG. 9, there is no timing at which the phases are turned on at the same time. Further, it is clear that the timing of turning off at the same time is reduced to 1/3 in FIG. 9 with respect to FIG.

Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10, in the switching element protection means 13 shown in FIG. 2, the DUTY control switching element 14, the high voltage absorption switching element 17, and the high voltage absorption diode 16 are connected to a series circuit. If the capacitors 18 are connected in parallel to form the abnormality determination means 19 of the switching element and the voltage across the capacitor 18 is monitored, the operation switching between the electromagnetic operation and the self-powered operation can be performed by the sequence shown in Table 1. The abnormality of the switching element 15 and the switching element 14 for DUTY control can be quickly and accurately determined.

That is, in sequence 0 (at the start of startup), the operation switching switching element 15 is turned off, the DUTY control switching element 14 is turned off, and in sequence 1, the operation switching switching element 15 is turned on and the DUTY control switching element 14 is turned off. The voltage is supplied to the capacitor 18 as it is, the operation switching switching element 15 is turned off in sequence 2, the DUTY control switching element 14 of all phases is momentarily turned on, and the charge accumulated in the capacitor 18 is removed. All the phase voltages are lowered, the operation switching switching element 15 is left OFF in the sequence 3, the DUTY control switching element 14 is turned OFF, and if all the phase voltages do not exceed the predetermined voltage at this time, the next sequence If the voltage exceeds the predetermined voltage, it is determined that the operation switching switching element 15 has a short circuit abnormality and the DUTY control switching element 14 has an open abnormality.

In sequence 4, the operation switching switching element 15 is turned on, the duty control switching element 14 is turned off, and the electric charge is supplied to the capacitor 18.

In sequence 5, the operation switching switching element 15 is turned on, the duty switching switching element 14 is turned off, and if all the phase voltages are within the predetermined voltage, the process proceeds to the next sequence 6, and if the voltage is outside the predetermined voltage, the default is performed. After the lapse of time, it is determined that the operation switching switching element 15 has an open abnormality.

In sequence 6, when both the operation switching switching element 15 and the duty control switching element 14 are turned off, if each phase voltage is within the predetermined voltage, the process proceeds to the next sequence, and if it is outside the predetermined voltage, the default is performed. After the lapse of time, the DUTY control switching element 14 is determined to have an open abnormality.

1 Tire 2 Engine 3 Retarder body 4 Operation signal 5 Control device 6 Drive pulse 7 Drive device 8 Stator 9 Stator yoke 10 Steel rotating body 11 Fins
12 Battery 13 Switching element protection means
14 DUTY control switching element 15 Operation switching switching element 16 High voltage absorption diode 17 High voltage absorption switching element 18 Capacitor
19 Switching element abnormality judgment means L Electromagnetic coil

Claims (4)

A retarder body part consisting of a stator yoke, a plurality of electromagnetic coils having iron cores arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the stator yoke, and a steel rotating body rotated according to the rotation of the vehicle tires. , A battery, a backflow prevention diode, a control device having a rotation speed determination unit of the steel rotating body, and low-speed rotation having three switching elements controlled to open and close by a drive pulse for a low-speed rotation region from this control device. It has a region drive device and a high-speed rotation region drive device having three switching elements controlled to open and close by a high-speed rotation region drive pulse from the control device.
A three-phase connection is formed by the above-mentioned electromagnetic coil, each phase of the electromagnetic coil forms a resonance circuit together with a capacitor, and each of the above-mentioned switching elements is inserted in series with each of the above-mentioned three-phase connections, resulting in insufficient power generation. In the low speed rotation region, it functions as an electromagnetic retarder, in the high speed rotation region, it functions as a self-powered retarder, and the drive pulse for the low speed rotation region from the control device is generated at a value smaller than the corresponding set value, and the high speed is described. The drive pulse for the rotation region is generated at a value larger than the corresponding set value,
When functioning as a self-powered retarder, the values of the duty ratio (0 to 100%) are integrated at regular intervals, and when the threshold value of 100 is reached, the switching for DUTY control is controlled by the rotation determination unit of the steel rotating body. An electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function, characterized in that the element is turned on and only the portion whose duty ratio exceeds the threshold value 100 is integrated into the next duty ratio. A retarder body part consisting of a stator yoke, a plurality of electromagnetic coils having iron cores arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the stator yoke, and a steel rotating body rotated according to the rotation of the vehicle tires. , A battery, a backflow prevention diode, a control device having a rotation speed determination unit of the steel rotating body, and low-speed rotation having three switching elements controlled to open and close by a drive pulse for a low-speed rotation region from this control device. It has a region drive device and a high-speed rotation region drive device having three switching elements controlled to open and close by a high-speed rotation region drive pulse from the control device.
A three-phase connection is formed by the above-mentioned electromagnetic coil, each phase of the electromagnetic coil forms a resonance circuit together with a capacitor, and each of the above-mentioned switching elements is inserted in series with each of the above-mentioned three-phase connections, resulting in insufficient power generation. In the low speed rotation region, it functions as an electromagnetic retarder, in the high speed rotation region, it functions as a self-powered retarder, and the drive pulse for the low speed rotation region from the control device is generated at a value smaller than the corresponding set value, and the high speed is described. The drive pulse for the rotation region is generated at a value larger than the corresponding set value,
In the two-phase ON / OFF control, the A phase is always ON, the integrated value of the threshold value is calculated at the rise of the A phase voltage, and if it is an ON condition, the B phase is turned ON at this timing, and the A phase voltage is changed. An electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function that calculates the calculated threshold value at the falling edge and turns on the C phase at this timing if it is ON. The electromagnetic type with an automatic switching function according to claim 2, wherein the B phase is started when the threshold value is 0, and the C phase is started when the threshold value is 50 to reduce the torque ripple. Retarder. A retarder body part consisting of a stator yoke, a plurality of electromagnetic coils having iron cores arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the stator yoke, and a steel rotating body rotated according to the rotation of the vehicle tires. , A battery, a backflow prevention diode, a control device having a rotation speed determination unit of the steel rotating body, and low-speed rotation having three switching elements controlled to open and close by a drive pulse for a low-speed rotation region from this control device. It has a region drive device and a high-speed rotation region drive device having three switching elements controlled to open and close by a high-speed rotation region drive pulse from the control device.
A three-phase connection is formed by the above-mentioned electromagnetic coil, each phase of the electromagnetic coil forms a resonance circuit together with a capacitor, and each of the above-mentioned switching elements is inserted in series with each of the above-mentioned three-phase connections, resulting in insufficient power generation. In the low speed rotation region, it functions as an electromagnetic retarder, in the high speed rotation region, it functions as a self-powered retarder, and the drive pulse for the low speed rotation region from the control device is generated at a value smaller than the corresponding set value, and the high speed is described. The drive pulse for the rotation region is generated at a value larger than the corresponding set value,
A series circuit of a DUTY control switching element connected in series with the power supply and turned on when braking is applied, an electromagnetic coil, and an operation switching switching element provided in the rotation speed determination unit of the tire, and in parallel with the above electromagnetic coil. Connected in parallel to a series circuit consisting of a high voltage absorption diode and a high voltage absorption switching element, and a series circuit of the DUTY control switching element, the high voltage absorption switching element, and the high voltage absorption diode. It has a switching element abnormality judgment means consisting of a capacitor, and if all the phase voltages exceed the predetermined voltage when the operation switching switching element is turned off and the DUTY control switching element is turned off, the operation is performed after a predetermined time has elapsed. When it is determined that the switching element for switching is short-circuited, the switching element for DUTY control is abnormally opened, the switching element for operation switching is turned on, and the switching element for DUTY control is turned off. If the phase voltage is outside the specified voltage, after the lapse of the specified time, it is determined that the operation switching switching element is open abnormally, and when both the operation switching switching element and the DUTY control switching element are turned off, each phase voltage is set to the default. An electromagnetic retarder with an automatic switching function that determines that the DUTY control switching element is open abnormally after the lapse of a predetermined time if it is out of voltage.

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