JP6983924B2 - Aging and denaturing method of fresh Sujiaonori in the offshore sea area - Google Patents
Aging and denaturing method of fresh Sujiaonori in the offshore sea area Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Description
本発明は、環境保護及びバイオ加工の技術分野に属し、具体的には、沖合海域での新鮮なスジアオノリの熟成変性処理及び利用方法に関する。 The present invention belongs to the technical fields of environmental protection and bioprocessing, and specifically relates to aged denaturation treatment and utilization method of fresh Sujiaonori in offshore sea areas.
スジアオノリは、沖合干潟における天然の緑藻である。関連研究により、スジアオノリは、有性生殖、無性生殖、栄養生殖（Ｌｉｎ、２００８）を含む多種の生殖方式を有することが示されている。漂流して集合しているスジアオノリは、通常栄養生殖の方式で絶えず藻類を拡大させており（梁宗英ら、２００８）、大量の生殖細胞の放出により、より多くの新しい個体を海域に産出している。スジアオノリは、高タンパク質、低脂肪、微量元素が豊富な藻類であり、多種の海洋生物の飼料として非常に良好なバイオマスであり、資源利用の可能性が高い（林英庭、２０１５）。しかしながら、大量の成長と地域的な集積は、生態系を害する場合がある。２００８年以降、毎年６−７月には約数百万トンのスジアオノリが山東半島の海岸に集合し、スジアオノリの小片が、海面に浮遊して集合し緑潮になることで、水路が閉塞され、運輸や漁船作業が影響を受けるとともに、大量のスジアオノリが海岸に堆積して腐敗変質することで、海洋生態系が破壊され、水質が悪化し、ナマコ、アワビ、エビ、魚、その他の養殖生産は深刻な脅威にさらされ、沿岸の景観も大きな被害を受け、観光産業は大きな損失を被っている。 Sujiaonori is a natural green alga in the offshore tidal flats. Related studies have shown that Sujia onori has a variety of reproduction patterns, including sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction, and vegetative reproduction (Lin 2008). Drifting and assembling Suzia onori are constantly expanding algae in a normal vegetative manner (Liang Munehide et al., 2008), producing more new individuals in the waters by releasing large numbers of germ cells. .. Sujiaonori is a high-protein, low-fat, trace element-rich algae, a very good biomass as a feed for various marine organisms, and has high potential for resource utilization (Hayashi Eiwa, 2015). However, massive growth and regional agglomeration can harm ecosystems. Since 2008, about millions of tons of sea cucumbers gather on the coast of the Shandong Peninsula every June-July, and small pieces of sea cucumbers float on the surface of the sea and gather to form a green tide, blocking the waterway. Marine ecosystems are destroyed, water quality deteriorates, sea cucumbers, abalone, shrimp, fish and other aquatic production Is under serious threat, the coastal landscape is severely damaged, and the tourism industry is suffering great losses.
衛星データの分析結果から分かるように、この緑潮は、江蘇の沖合に形成され、風と流れの作用下で山東半島周辺まで漂流し、漂流移動しながら成長することにより、大面積のスジアオノリの緑潮が形成される。初期の藻類は、重量は比較的軽いが、山東半島の海域に到達すると、藻類の重量及び堆積が倍増し、青島海域のみで引き上げられた生物の量は１００万トン（湿重量）に達し得る。従来のスジアオノリに対する処理は、主に海岸近くで引き上げ、海岸で収集した後、青島の后海海域に運送して簡単に堆積処理を行うことであり、僅かな量のスジアオノリが海藻肥料及び飼料用途向けに開発されている。これらの従来のスジアオノリの処理方法は、スジアオノリによる問題を根本的に解決できず、収集効率が低く、運送コストが高く、陸地環境に二次汚染を与えるなどの欠点及び問題がある。 As can be seen from the analysis results of satellite data, this green tide is formed off the coast of Jiangsu, drifts to the area around the Shandong Peninsula under the action of wind and current, and grows while drifting, resulting in a large area of Sujiaonori. A green tide is formed. Early algae are relatively light in weight, but when they reach the waters of the Shandong Peninsula, the weight and sedimentation of the algae doubles, and the amount of organisms lifted only in the Qingdao waters can reach 1 million tons (wet weight). .. The conventional treatment for Sujiaonori is mainly to pull it up near the coast, collect it on the coast, and then transport it to the sea area after Qingdao for easy sedimentation treatment, and a small amount of Sujiaonori is for seaweed fertilizer and feed applications. Has been developed in. These conventional methods for treating Sujiaonori cannot fundamentally solve the problems caused by Sujiaonori, and have drawbacks and problems such as low collection efficiency, high transportation cost, and secondary pollution to the land environment.
本発明の解決しようとする課題は、沖合海域での新鮮なスジアオノリの熟成変性処理方法を提供することである。具体的には、スジアオノリ回収船の組み立てのアップグレードに基づいて、引き上げられたスジアオノリに対するスラリー化及び熟成変性処理によりスジアオノリ配偶子を死滅させることにより、スジアオノリが沈降しやすいスジアオノリアルギンに変換し、海水に放出されて海洋生物に摂食利用されやすい生物餌料になる。本発明によれば、沖合海域その場でのスジアオノリの処理が達成されるだけではなく、海洋生物に吸収、利用されやすい食料源を提供することができる。さらに、熱変性により、スジアオノリ配偶子が効率的に死滅し、スジアオノリの繁殖が効果的に抑制されるため、海岸へのスジアオノリの漂流プロセスにおける増殖速度が遅くなり、沖合海域でのスジアオノリに対する繁殖制御及び拡張制限に有利であり、優れた経済的、社会的、生態学的な利益が生み出される。 An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for aging and denaturing fresh Sujiaonori in the offshore sea area. Specifically, based on the upgrade of the assembly of the Sujia Onori recovery ship, the Sujia Onori gametes are killed by slurrying and aging and denaturing the pulled Sujia Onori, and the Sujia Onori is converted into Sujia Onori Rin Gin, which tends to settle, into seawater. It is released and becomes a biological feed that is easily fed and used by marine organisms. According to the present invention, not only the treatment of Sujiaonori in the offshore sea area can be achieved, but also it is possible to provide a food source that is easily absorbed and used by marine organisms. In addition, heat denaturation effectively kills gametes of Sujiaonori and effectively suppresses the reproduction of Sujiaonori, which slows the growth rate of Sujiaonori in the process of drifting to the coast and controls reproduction of Sujiaonori in offshore waters. And in favor of extended restrictions, it produces excellent economic, social and ecological benefits.
本発明は、以下の技術手段により実現される。 The present invention is realized by the following technical means.
スジアオノリが海岸近くに入る前に、海面に浮遊しているスジアオノリを収集し、スラリー化及び熟成変性させた後、半流動体のアルギンを作り、次いで、前記半流動体アルギンをそのまま輸送管路により海域に放出し、多種の海洋生物の良好な餌料として資源化利用を行う沖合海域での新鮮なスジアオノリを熟成変性処理及び利用する。 Before the sujia onori enters near the coast, the sujia onori floating on the sea surface is collected, slurried and aged and denatured to produce semi-fluid argin, and then the semi-fluid argin is directly used in the transport pipeline. Fresh sujia onori in the offshore sea area, which is released into the sea area and used as a good food for various marine organisms, is aged and denatured and used.
さらに、関連処理は、いずれもスジアオノリ回収船上で行い、回収船には、粉砕機、ビーター及び蒸気反応タンクが配置されている。 Further, all the related treatments are carried out on the Sujiaonori recovery ship, and the recovery ship is equipped with a crusher, a beater and a steam reaction tank.
さらに、前記スラリー化プロセスは、粗カットと微粉砕の２つの段階を含み、それぞれ粉砕機及びビーターにより行われ、粉砕を容易にするために、粉砕する際に海水を添加し、海水の添加量はスジアオノリ質量の２〜４倍であり、粉砕して得られるスジアオノリスラリー液におけるスジアオノリ組織の粒度は２０〜２００メッシュである。 Further, the slurrying process includes two steps of coarse cutting and fine pulverization, which are carried out by a pulverizer and a beater, respectively. In order to facilitate pulverization, seawater is added at the time of pulverization, and the amount of seawater added is added. Is 2 to 4 times the mass of sujia onori, and the particle size of the sujia onori structure in the sujia onori slurry liquid obtained by pulverization is 20 to 200 mesh.
さらに、前記熟成変性は、スジアオノリスラリー液を加熱変性するプロセスであり、船に配置された蒸気反応タンク内で行われ、粉砕後のスジアオノリスラリー液に熱蒸気を連続的に導入してスジアオノリスラリー液を昇温することでスジアオノリ顆粒におけるタンパク質を変性させることにより実現され、反応条件は８０〜１００℃、３〜７分間である。 Further, the aging denaturation is a process of heat-denaturing the sudiaonori slurry liquid, which is carried out in a steam reaction tank arranged on the ship, and hot steam is continuously introduced into the crushed sudiaonori slurry liquid to continuously introduce the sudiaonori slurry liquid. It is realized by denaturing the protein in the sudiaonori granules by raising the temperature, and the reaction conditions are 80 to 100 ° C. for 3 to 7 minutes.
本発明は、従来技術に比べて以下の有益な効果を有する。
（１）スジアオノリが海岸近くに到達して初めてスジアオノリを引き上げる従来方法では、スジアオノリが海岸近くに堆積し、腐敗変質しやすくなるため、海岸近くの海水、環境が悪化し、沿岸のナマコ、アワビ、エビ、魚などの養殖生産に深刻な経済的損失をもたすとともに、沿岸の生態景観が破壊され、観光産業にも大きな損失を与える問題があった。これに対し、本発明に係る沖合海域でのスジアオノリの熱処理方法によれば、スジアオノリが大規模で海岸近くの海域まで到達する前にスジアオノリを処理することができ、スジアオノリ藻類タンパク質を熱変性するとともに、スジアオノリ配偶子が効率的に死滅し、スジアオノリの繁殖作用が効率的に抑制され、海岸近くへのスジアオノリの漂流プロセスにおける増殖速度が遅くなり、海岸近くでの堆積量が大幅に減少する。設備が十分である場合、沖合海域においてスジアオノリを全て片付けることができ、漁業及び海岸生態に対するスジアオノリの危害及び影響を解消又は軽減することができる。
The present invention has the following beneficial effects as compared with the prior art.
(1) In the conventional method of pulling up the abalone only when it reaches the coast, the seawater near the coast, the environment deteriorates, and the coastal fish, abalone, etc. There was a problem that the aquaculture production of abalone, fish, etc. suffered a serious economic loss, and the coastal ecological landscape was destroyed, causing a great loss to the tourism industry. On the other hand, according to the heat treatment method for Sujiaonori in the offshore sea area according to the present invention, Sujiaonori can be treated before reaching the sea area near the coast on a large scale, and the Sujiaonori algae protein is heat-denatured. , Sujiaonori spp. Are efficiently killed, the reproductive action of Sujiaonori is effectively suppressed, the growth rate of Sujiaonori drifting process near the coast is slowed down, and the deposit near the coast is greatly reduced. If the equipment is sufficient, all the squirrels can be cleared in the offshore waters, and the harm and impact of the squirrels on fisheries and coastal ecology can be eliminated or mitigated.
（２）スジアオノリの粉砕、スラリー化処理によりスジアオノリの管状構造にある大量の水分及び気泡を除去することにより、変性処理に必要な時間が短縮されるとともに、管状スジアオノリが顆粒化されて海底に沈降しやすくなる。また、変性スジアオノリは、熟成したアルギン顆粒として海に戻り、海洋生物の良好な餌料となり、比較的小さい顆粒は浮遊生物、貝、ナマコの餌料となり、比較的大きい顆粒は魚、アワビ、エビ、カニなどの生物の餌料となる。このようにして豊かな食物になることにより、この海域における海洋生物の資源の回復、海洋生物量の向上が促進され、生態学的利用を実施し、廃棄物を宝に変えることにより、著しい生態学的利益を生み出すことができる。摂食されていないスジアオノリアルギン顆粒は、海底に沈降し、有機物顆粒として海泥の構成成分になり、最終的には細菌、原生動物又は他の生物などに分解、摂食消化される。 (2) By removing a large amount of water and air bubbles in the tubular structure of Sujiaonori by crushing and slurrying the Sujiaonori, the time required for the denaturation treatment is shortened, and the tubular Sujiaonori is granulated and settles on the seabed. It will be easier to do. In addition, denatured Sujiaonori returns to the sea as aged argin granules and becomes a good feed for marine organisms, relatively small granules feed for floating organisms, shellfish and sea cucumbers, and relatively large granules feed fish, abalone, shrimp and crabs. It becomes the food for living things such as. This abundant food promotes the recovery of marine resources and the improvement of marine biomass in this area, and by implementing ecological utilization and turning waste into treasure, it is a remarkable ecology. It can generate scientific benefits. Uneaten sudiaonorialgin granules settle on the seabed, become constituents of sea mud as organic granules, and are finally decomposed and digested by bacteria, protozoa, or other organisms.
（３）新鮮なスジアオノリは、体積が大きく、含水量が多く、運送コストが高い。これに対し、沖合海域での処理により、従来のスジアオノリの処理方法の運送コストを削減し、人力、財力及び社会的資源が節約される。また、沖合海域でのスジアオノリ処理により、スジアオノリを積み重ねて埋めるための大量の土地資源が節約され、従来のスジアオノリの処理方法の陸地に対する二次汚染が防止される。 (3) Fresh Sujiaonori has a large volume, a high water content, and a high transportation cost. On the other hand, the treatment in the offshore sea area reduces the transportation cost of the conventional treatment method of Sujiaonori, and saves human power, financial power and social resources. In addition, the treatment of sujia onori in the offshore sea area saves a large amount of land resources for stacking and burying sujia onori, and prevents secondary pollution to the land by the conventional method of treating sujia onori.
実施例により本発明の技術内容を詳しく説明するが、本発明の保護範囲は、実施例に制限されない。 The technical content of the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
実施例１
スジアオノリ回収船に回収装置、ベルトコンベア、粉砕機、ビーター、船舶燃料蒸気ボイラー、蒸気反応タンクなどの設備を設置し、船舶プラットフォームによる独立した作業を実現する。沖合海域でのスジアオノリ資源化利用のプロセスを図１に示す。
Example 1
Equipment such as recovery equipment, belt conveyors, crushers, beaters, ship fuel steam boilers, and steam reaction tanks will be installed on the Sujia Onori recovery ship to realize independent work by the ship platform. Figure 1 shows the process of recycling and utilizing Sujiaonori in the offshore sea area.
２０１６年６月下旬の衛星雲の画像から、スジアオノリが北に移動し、山東省日照市の沖合に入り、青島市黄島区の東南海域においてスジアオノリが集合してストライプ状分布を形成することが観察された。回収船は、出航してスジアオノリの前線に到達し、追跡しながら回収作業を行なった。海から引き上げられた新鮮なスジアオノリをベルトコンベアにより水を除去し、粉砕機により粉砕し（０．５−２ｃｍ）、スジアオノリ：海水質量＝１：２〜４の比で海水を添加し、ビーターで粉砕してスジアオノリスラリー液（粉砕後のスジアオノリ粒度：２０〜２００メッシュ）を作製し、粉砕されたスジアオノリスラリー液を蒸気反応タンクに移し、スラリー液に連続的に導入してスジアオノリスラリー液を昇温することにより、スジアオノリ顆粒におけるタンパク質を変性させ、配偶子を不活性化させた。導入された熱蒸気によりスラリー液の温度が８０〜１００℃に３〜７分間維持され、反応終了後、スジアオノリスラリー液が半流動体の綿状アルギン顆粒になった。変性反応終了後、輸送管路により変性した半流動体状態のアルギン顆粒を海域の深い水域に放出した。変性スジアオノリは、熟成したアルギン顆粒として海の深部に放出され、全ての顆粒が海底へゆっくりと沈降していくので、海面には浮遊しているアルギン破片顆粒が見られなかった。アルギン放出から１時間後、放出区域には大量の草食性及び雑食性の魚が現れ、当日捕獲したコノシロの腸管には緑色の物質があった。翌日、ダイバーが海底から捕獲したナマコの腸管にも緑色の物質が発見された。顕微鏡により検査した結果、この緑色の物質は、スジアオノリの破片であった。これは、海水に放出されたアルギン顆粒が海洋生物に摂食利用されやすいので、海域生態に汚染などの悪影響を与えないことを示している。 From the image of the satellite cloud in late June 2016, it is possible that Sujia Onori moves north, enters the offshore of Rizhao City, Shandong Province, and Sujia Onori gathers in the southeastern waters of Huangdao District, Qingdao City to form a striped distribution. Observed. The recovery vessel set sail and reached the front of Sujia Onori, and carried out recovery work while tracking it. Fresh slurry pulled up from the sea is removed with a belt conveyor, crushed with a crusher (0.5-2 cm), seawater is added at a ratio of slurry: seawater mass = 1: 2-4, and a beater is used. The sujia onori slurry liquid is crushed to prepare a sujia onori slurry liquid (ground size of sujia onori: 20 to 200 mesh), the crushed sujia onori slurry liquid is transferred to a steam reaction tank, and continuously introduced into the slurry liquid to raise the temperature of the sujia onori slurry liquid. By doing so, the protein in the slurry granules was denatured and the spouse was inactivated. The temperature of the slurry liquid was maintained at 80 to 100 ° C. for 3 to 7 minutes by the introduced hot steam, and after the reaction was completed, the sudiaonori slurry liquid became semi-fluid cotton-like algin granules. After the denaturation reaction was completed, the semi-fluid algin granules denatured by the transport pipeline were released into the deep waters of the sea. The denatured algin onori was released into the deep part of the sea as aged algin granules, and all the granules slowly settled to the seabed, so no floating algin debris granules were found on the sea surface. One hour after the release of argin, a large amount of herbivorous and omnivorous fish appeared in the release area, and there was a green substance in the intestinal tract of the dotted gizzard caught on the day. The next day, a green substance was also found in the intestinal tract of sea cucumbers captured by divers from the seabed. As a result of microscopic examination, this green substance was a fragment of Sujiaonori. This indicates that algin granules released into seawater are easily fed and used by marine organisms, and therefore do not adversely affect marine ecology such as pollution.
実施例２
スジアオノリタンパク質に対する熟化プロセスの変性作用
実施例１の変性前後のスジアオノリスラリー液を顕微鏡で観察したところ、ビーターで粉砕処理された後のスジアオノリ顆粒は７５〜８５０μｍ、粒度は２０〜２００メッシュであった（図２）。変性処理されていないスジアオノリを顕微鏡で観察したところ、スラリー化後のスジアオノリ破片顆粒の細胞は、緊密で整然と配列し、葉緑体が明るく、活性栄養細胞の状態にある一方、熱変性処理後のスジアオノリは、細胞壁がはっきりせず、細胞間隙が大きくなり、葉緑体の色が濃くなり、分裂が細胞内に分布し、アポトーシスの兆候を呈していた（図３）。熱変性後のスラリー液を１ｍｌ取り、高圧で滅菌処理されたＰＥＳ培養液に入れ、光照射インキュベーターにおいて温度２０℃、光強度１００〜１１０μｍｏｌ／（ｍ２．ｓ）、光照射周期１２Ｌ：１２Ｄの条件下で１０〜１５日培養した後、培養ボトルの壁及び底部にスジアオノリの枝と苗は見つからなかった。これは、熱変性がスジアオノリの藻類破片及び配偶体を死滅できることを示している。さら、スラリー化されたスジアオノリを高温で加熱することにより、スジアオノリの栄養繁殖及び配偶体繁殖が効果的に抑制され、海域に放出されても繁殖作用がなく、スジアオノリの緑潮の繁殖と拡大の制御には有効である。
Example 2
Denaturation effect of ripening process on sujia onori protein When the sujia onori slurry liquid before and after denaturation of Example 1 was observed under a microscope, the sujia onori granules after being pulverized with a beater were 75 to 850 μm and the particle size was 20 to 200 mesh (. Figure 2). Microscopic observation of unmodified Sudiaonori showed that the cells of the slurried Sudiaonori fragment granules were closely and neatly arranged, the chloroplasts were bright, and they were in the state of active vegetative cells, while after the heat denaturation treatment. In Sujiaonori, the cell walls were not clear, the cell gaps were enlarged, the chloroplasts were darkened, divisions were distributed intracellularly, and there were signs of apoptosis (Fig. 3). Take 1 ml of the heat-denatured slurry solution, put it in a PES culture solution sterilized at high pressure, and in a light irradiation incubator, the temperature is 20 ° C., the light intensity is 100 to 110 μmol / (m 2 .s), and the light irradiation cycle is 12 L: 12D. After culturing for 10 to 15 days under the conditions, no branches and seedlings of Sujiaonori were found on the walls and bottom of the culture bottle. This indicates that heat denaturation can kill algal debris and gametophytes of Sujiaonori. Furthermore, by heating the slurryed Sujiaonori at a high temperature, vegetative propagation and gametophyte reproduction of Sujiaonori are effectively suppressed, and even if they are released into the sea area, there is no reproductive effect, and the reproduction and expansion of the green tide of Sujiaonori It is effective for control.
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