JP6975055B2 - ハイブリッドナノ銀/液体金属インク組成物およびその使用 - Google Patents
ハイブリッドナノ銀/液体金属インク組成物およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6975055B2 JP6975055B2 JP2018012439A JP2018012439A JP6975055B2 JP 6975055 B2 JP6975055 B2 JP 6975055B2 JP 2018012439 A JP2018012439 A JP 2018012439A JP 2018012439 A JP2018012439 A JP 2018012439A JP 6975055 B2 JP6975055 B2 JP 6975055B2
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- melting point
- low melting
- silver nanoparticles
- conductive ink
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- C09D11/02—Printing inks
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- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
- H05K1/097—Inks comprising nanoparticles and specially adapted for being sintered at low temperature
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Description
本発明のハイブリッド導電性インクは、共晶低融点合金粒子成分と、銀ナノ粒子成分とを含む。銀ナノ粒子成分は、複数の銀ナノ粒子と、場合によっては溶媒、安定剤および/または他の添加剤を含有する。
複数の実施形態において、本発明のハイブリッド導電性インクは、本明細書に記載の銀ナノ粒子成分と組み合わせて複数の低融点合金粒子を含む共晶低融点合金粒子成分を含む。本開示全体にわたって使用される「融点」という用語は、固体が大気圧で液体になる温度(ある点)を指す。「合金」という用語は、2つ以上の金属と、場合によっては追加の非金属を含む混合物を指し、合金の元素は、溶融させると一緒に融解するかまたは互いに溶解する。「共晶」という用語は、構成成分が同時に溶融するような割合で構成成分が存在し、かつ融点が可能な限り低い混合物または合金を指す。したがって、共晶合金または混合物は、単一の温度で凝固し、ある温度(共晶点)で完全に溶融する。当業者であれば、2つの金属の特定の組み合わせの場合、典型的に共晶である割合は1つだけであることを理解するであろう。
ハイブリッド導電性インクは、本明細書に記載の銀ナノ粒子成分と本発明の共晶低融点合金粒子成分とを混合することによって調製される。典型的には、ハイブリッド導電性インク中の共晶低融点合金と銀ナノ粒子との重量比は、約1:20(w/w)〜約1:5(w/w)の範囲、例えば約1:15(w/w)、例えば約1:10(w/w)である。より典型的には、複数の共晶低融点合金粒子と複数の銀ナノ粒子との重量比は、1:5(w/w)である。
本開示のハイブリッド導電性インクは、導電性トレース、導電性ボンディングパッド、電極、インターコネクトなどの導電性部品を製造するために使用されてもよい。
いくつかの実施形態において、形成される導電性部品はインターコネクトである。本明細書で使用される場合、「インターコネクト」は、導電性部品(典型的には、ワイヤまたは銅箔トレース、または例えば従来のナノ銀インクおよび/または本開示のハイブリッド導電性インクから形成された回路トレースなどの導電性トレース)と、キャパシタ、抵抗器、および/またはダイオード、トランジスタおよび集積回路などの半導体デバイスなどの電子部品との間のインターフェースである。複数の実施形態において、インターコネクトを形成する方法は、エアロゾルジェット印刷または本明細書に記載の他の方法などによって、本開示のハイブリッド導電性インクを、本明細書に記載の基板上に配置された導電性部品上に堆積させることを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、本開示のハイブリッド導電性インクは、導電性部品の少なくとも1つのボンディングパッド上に堆積する。本明細書で使用される場合、「ボンディングパッド」、「接続パッド」または「導電パッド」は、基板上の導電性パターンの個別の識別可能な部分であり、通常、正方形、長方形または円である。ボンディングパッドは、プリント回路基板またはパッドの下のビア上の回路トレースに接続されてもよく、電子部品の電気的接続および機械的取り付けに使用されるが、電気的接続のない純粋に機械的取り付けのためのものもある。典型的には、ボンディングパッドは、プリント回路基板の回路トレース上に配置される。
本開示はまた、電子回路に関する。典型的には、電子回路は、プリント回路基板を含む。電子回路は、本明細書に記載の基板によって支持される。複数の実施形態において、電子回路は、本明細書に記載の複数の電子部品を相互に接続するための導電性トレースを含む。複数の実施形態において、1つ以上の電子部品が電子回路上に分散される。導電性トレースは、複数の電子部品のうちの少なくとも1つを導電性トレースに相互に接続するための、本明細書に記載の少なくとも1つのボンディングパッドを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、導電性トレースは自己修復性である。
銀ナノ粒子の合成とインクを作るための分散
5.3gのエチルシクロヘキサンおよび10.6gのフェニルシクロヘキサンを含有する120ミリリットル(mL)の褐色ガラス瓶に、44gの銀ナノ粒子乾燥粉末(灰分=86.77%)を秤量して徐々に添加し、次いで、窒素のブランケット(N2)でパージした。瓶の蓋をし、テープで密封し、オービタルミキサーを用いて400回転/分(RPM)で4時間振とうしてナノ粒子を濡らした。次に、瓶を波状混合機(Movil−Rod)に移し、18時間転動させた。次に、インクを1マイクロメーター(μM)のガラス繊維フィルターを通して、予め洗浄しておいた30mLの褐色ガラス瓶にろ過した。最後に、ろ過されたインクをN2でパージし、瓶に蓋をしてテープで密封した。
液体金属粉(Field’s metal)の製造プロセス
150mLのビーカーに、250mLの脱イオン水および磁気撹拌棒を加えた。水を70℃に加熱し、300RPMで撹拌した。次に、材料が溶融するまで、20gのField’s metal(Rotometals、サンレアンドロ、CA製のRoto144F)を小さなセンチメートルサイズの塊として加えた。次に、ブチルアミン60gを加え、超音波プローブミキサー(Branson Digital Sonifier 450)を懸濁液に浸漬した。この物質を分散させ、超音波処理を5分間続けた。最後に、60℃未満まで冷却することによって分散物を急冷し、氷を混合物に添加することにより、Field’s Metalの粒径を「凍結」させた。Field’s Metal粒子の単離は、デカンテーションし、水で4回すすぐことによって行った。約15.4gの粒子が回収され、4.6gの未分散Field’s Metalが回収された。顕微鏡分析に基づいて、平均粒径は1〜30μmであった。Field’s Metalの写真を図7に示す。
銀ナノ粒子とField’s Metal粒子との混合−ハイブリッドインクの調製
実施例1からの銀ナノ粒子インク15gに、Field’s Metal 1.88g、直径3mmのステンレス鋼のショット17gを加えた。Field’s Metal:銀の比は1:5重量:重量(w:w)であった。混合物をMovil−Rod上で1時間転がした。
材料の堆積
ハイブリッドインクを、エアロゾルジェット印刷によって堆積した。基板は、ポリカーボネート剛体、ポリカーボネート薄膜、マイラー薄膜、およびCycoloyプラークポリカーボネート/アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン(PC/ABS、SABIC Inc.,Riyadh、Saudi Arabiaから入手可能)を含んでいた。印刷条件は、ノズルサイズ300μm、ノズルオフセット3ミリメートル(mm)、ライン印刷速度10mm/秒、エチルシクロヘキサンの混合物(バブラー)、流量;シース、アトマイザー、排気はそれぞれ50〜100、600〜800、600〜775であった。印刷後、サンプルを空気中に30分間放置し、次に対流加熱炉中で80℃(10分)、100℃または130℃のいずれかで1時間アニーリングした。さらに、ボンディングパッドが印刷され、5kΩの表面実装抵抗器を、印刷直後にボンディングパッド上に置いた(ポリカーボネート剛体上のみ)。その後、低温はんだとして作用するField’s metalの抵抗器への溶融および硬化によって電気的接続が形成されるかどうかを調べるために、上と同じアニーリング手順に従った。
印刷されたハイブリッドインク/焼結ラインの電気的特性
プリントラインの4点プローブ(4−p−p)測定値は、表1に示すように、この材料が80℃で非導電性であり、100℃での導電性の劇的な上昇を示し、試験した複数の基板において、130℃のアニーリング温度で純粋な銀ナノ粒子インクの導電性(塊状のAgの〜4〜5倍)に近づくことがわかった。
Claims (8)
- ハイブリッド導電性インクであって、複数の銀ナノ粒子と、複数の共晶低融点合金粒子とを含み、前記共晶低融点合金粒子と前記銀ナノ粒子の重量比が1:20〜1:5の範囲であり、前記複数の共晶低融点合金粒子はField’s metal(In51.0Bi32.5Sn16.5)を含む、ハイブリッド導電性インク。
- 前記複数の共晶低融点合金粒子と前記複数の銀ナノ粒子の重量比が1:5である、請求項1に記載のハイブリッド導電性インク。
- 前記複数の銀ナノ粒子は、0.5〜100.0ナノメートルの範囲の体積平均粒径を有する、請求項1に記載のハイブリッド導電性インク。
- インターコネクトを形成する方法であって、
(a)基板の上に配置された導電性部品の上に請求項1に記載のハイブリッド導電性インクを堆積させることと;
(b)前記ハイブリッド導電性インクの上に電子部品を配置することと;
(c)前記基板、導電性部品、ハイブリッド導電性インクおよび電子部品を、(i)前記ハイブリッド導電性インク中の前記複数の銀ナノ粒子をアニーリングし、(ii)前記複数の共晶低融点合金粒子を溶融させて、溶融した共晶低融点合金を生成し、この溶融した共晶低融点合金が、アニーリングされた前記複数の銀ナノ粒子の間の空間を占めるように流れるのに十分な温度まで加熱することと;
(d)前記ハイブリッド導電性インクの溶融した低融点共晶合金を硬化させ、前記電子部品および前記導電性部品に融合させることによってインターコネクトを形成することとを含み、
前記十分な温度が、130℃である、
方法。 - 前記複数の共晶低融点合金粒子と前記複数の銀ナノ粒子の重量比が1:5である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記基板はプラスチック基板である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記プラスチック基板は、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレートからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記ハイブリッド導電性インクはエアロゾルインクジェット印刷によって堆積される、請求項4に記載の方法。
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