JP6962703B2 - Granular fiber spraying nozzle, granular fiber spraying device and granular fiber spraying method - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、粒状繊維吹付けノズルに関する。詳しくは、吹付け時に発生する粉塵を抑制できる粒状繊維吹付けノズルに関する。また、本発明は、粒状繊維吹付け装置に関する。詳しくは、粒状繊維吹付け時に発生する粉塵を抑制できる粒状繊維吹付け装置に関する。また、本発明は、粒状繊維吹付け方法に関する。詳しくは、粒状繊維吹付け時に発生する粉塵量が少ない粒状繊維吹付け方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a granular fiber spray nozzle. More specifically, the present invention relates to a granular fiber spraying nozzle capable of suppressing dust generated during spraying. The present invention also relates to a granular fiber spraying device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a granular fiber spraying device capable of suppressing dust generated during spraying of granular fibers. The present invention also relates to a method for spraying granular fibers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for spraying granular fibers in which the amount of dust generated during spraying the granular fibers is small.
耐火性、防火性、吸音性および／または断熱性などを付与する目的で、構造物表面にロックウールからなる繊維層を設けることが広く行われている。繊維層の形成には、ロックウールからなる粒状繊維（直径数mm〜数cmの繊維塊）および水を主成分とする凝集材を用いた吹付工法が用いられることも多い。ロックウール吹付工法としては、乾式工法、湿式工法、半乾式工法が知られている。乾式工法は、予め、ロックウール粒状繊維とセメントとを乾式混合した乾燥混合物（乾式混合物、以下「ロックウール・セメント混綿」ということがある。）をノズルから吐出し、これと同時にノズルの周縁に配置した複数個の噴水口より圧力水を噴射し、両者を混合吹付ける工法である。この乾式工法は、嵩比重が０．２〜０．３と軽量の被覆層を形成できるが、施工時にセメントやロックウールによる発塵が著しく、環境上の問題が指摘されている。湿式工法は、乾式工法の欠陥を改善する為になされたものである。この湿式工法は、主材のロックウール粒状繊維とセメントに界面活性剤と増粘剤を配合してなる吹付施工用被覆材を用い、これに水を加えたペーストを圧縮空気によりノズルから吹付ける方法である。この湿式工法は、浮遊粉塵の問題点は改善されたものの、形成される被覆層の嵩比重が０.４〜０.６と重く、乾式工法に比べてコストが高いという問題が指摘されている。 It is widely practiced to provide a fiber layer made of rock wool on the surface of a structure for the purpose of imparting fire resistance, fire resistance, sound absorption and / or heat insulation. For the formation of the fiber layer, a spraying method using granular fibers made of rock wool (fiber lumps having a diameter of several mm to several cm) and a coagulant containing water as a main component is often used. As the rock wool spraying method, a dry method, a wet method, and a semi-dry method are known. In the dry method, a dry mixture (dry mixture, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "rock wool / cement mixed cotton"), which is a dry mixture of rock wool granular fibers and cement, is discharged from a nozzle, and at the same time, is discharged to the periphery of the nozzle. This is a construction method in which pressure water is sprayed from a plurality of arranged nozzles and both are mixed and sprayed. This dry method can form a lightweight coating layer with a bulk specific density of 0.2 to 0.3, but dust generation due to cement and rock wool is remarkable during construction, and environmental problems have been pointed out. The wet method is used to improve the defects of the dry method. This wet method uses a coating material for spraying, which is a mixture of rock wool granular fibers and cement, which are the main materials, with a surfactant and a thickener, and a paste containing water is sprayed from a nozzle using compressed air. The method. Although this wet method has improved the problem of suspended dust, it has been pointed out that the bulk specific density of the coated layer to be formed is as heavy as 0.4 to 0.6, and the cost is higher than that of the dry method. ..
半乾式工法は、予め、ロックウール粒状繊維とセメントとを混合しない工法である。半乾式工法において、ロックウール粒状繊維は、解繊機（解綿機）で解繊（解綿）・破砕され（細かく粒状（直径数mm〜数cm程度の繊維塊）にされ）、ロータリーバルブ等により定量的に送り出され、エアブロアによりホース内を圧送され、吹付ノズルに供給される。セメントはスラリー槽で水と混合されてセメントスラリーとされた後、スラリーポンプにより搬送パイプを通って吹付ノズルに供給される。そのセメントスラリーは、吹付ノズルの周縁から噴射されるか、或いは吹付ノズルの中心軸付近から噴射され、ロックウールと合流・混合し、ロックウールとセメント水和物からなる繊維層が形成される。半乾式工法によれば、浮遊粉塵が減少し、乾式工法に近い嵩比重の被覆層が形成できる。このようなことから、半乾式工法がロックウール吹付工法の主流となっている。半乾式工法は乾式工法に比べて吹付け施工時に発生する粉塵量を少なくできるものの、吹付け装置をコンパクトなものにし難いという問題がある。吹付け装置をコンパクトなものにし易いのは、ロックウール・セメント混綿を用いる乾式工法である。また、ポリスチレンフォームや硬質ウレタンフォーム等の発泡樹脂系断熱材に、半乾式工法で厚み３０mmでロックウールとセメント水和物からなる繊維層で被覆しても不燃性が不充分であり、半乾式工法で圧送するロックウールのみからなる粒状繊維をロックウール・セメント混綿に替えることで、厚み３０mmに形成した繊維層で充分な不燃性が得られることが本発明者等の検討により分かった（例えば特許文献１参照。）。そこで、ロックウール・セメント混綿を吹付けノズルまで輸送するロックウール吹付工法、即ち、混綿を用いる乾式工法又は半乾式工法のロックウール吹付工法であっても吹付け施工時に発生する粉塵を抑制できる技術が望まれていた。 The semi-dry construction method is a construction method in which rock wool granular fibers and cement are not mixed in advance. In the semi-dry construction method, rock wool granular fibers are defibrated (uncotted) and crushed (finely granulated (fiber lumps with a diameter of several mm to several cm)) using a defibrator (cotton defibrator), and rotary valves, etc. It is quantitatively sent out by the air blower, pumped in the hose by the air blower, and supplied to the spray nozzle. Cement is mixed with water in a slurry tank to form a cement slurry, and then supplied to a spray nozzle through a transfer pipe by a slurry pump. The cement slurry is sprayed from the periphery of the spray nozzle or from the vicinity of the central axis of the spray nozzle and merges and mixes with rock wool to form a fiber layer composed of rock wool and cement hydrate. According to the semi-dry construction method, floating dust is reduced, and a coating layer having a bulk specific density close to that of the dry construction method can be formed. For this reason, the semi-dry method has become the mainstream of the rock wool spray method. Although the semi-dry construction method can reduce the amount of dust generated during spraying work as compared with the dry construction method, there is a problem that it is difficult to make the spraying device compact. It is easy to make the spraying device compact by the dry method using rock wool / cement mixed cotton. In addition, even if a foamed resin-based heat insulating material such as polystyrene foam or rigid urethane foam is coated with a fiber layer consisting of rock wool and cement hydrate with a thickness of 30 mm by a semi-dry method, the nonflammability is insufficient, and the semi-dry method is used. It has been found by the studies of the present inventors that sufficient nonflammability can be obtained in a fiber layer formed to a thickness of 30 mm by replacing granular fibers consisting only of rock wool pumped by the construction method with rock wool / cement mixed cotton (for example). See Patent Document 1). Therefore, even if the rock wool spraying method for transporting the rock wool / cement mixed cotton to the spray nozzle, that is, the rock wool spraying method using the mixed cotton or the semi-dry method, the dust generated during the spraying work can be suppressed. Was desired.
繊維質等と水硬性無機質接着剤等を配合した材料を通す導管の先端外周に空気と水を一度に噴射する噴射孔を複数備える吹付けノズルを用いる方法が提案されている（例えば特許文献２又は３参照。）。また、吹付けノズル前側に複数の給水ノズルを、該給水ノズルから出る加圧された水の噴流の軸が吹付けノズルから出る混綿の噴流の軸線上で交叉するように環状に配置する技術が提案されている（例えば特許文献４参照。）。 A method has been proposed in which a spray nozzle having a plurality of injection holes for injecting air and water at the same time is used on the outer periphery of the tip of a conduit through which a material containing a fiber or the like and a hydraulic inorganic adhesive or the like is passed (for example, Patent Document 2). Or see 3.). In addition, there is a technology in which a plurality of water supply nozzles are arranged in a ring shape on the front side of the spray nozzle so that the axes of the jet of pressurized water emitted from the water supply nozzle intersect on the axis of the jet of mixed cotton emitted from the spray nozzle. It has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
しかし、吹付けノズルから噴射される混綿の噴流に、その周囲から水を混綿の噴流の軸線上で交叉するように噴射すると、粉塵は低減されるが、混綿と水との合流混合が略一点で行われるため、表面が平坦な繊維層を形成することが困難であった。 However, if water is sprayed from the surroundings of the jet of mixed cotton so as to intersect on the axis of the jet of mixed cotton, dust is reduced, but the combined mixing of mixed cotton and water is almost one point. It was difficult to form a fiber layer with a flat surface because it was carried out in.
本発明は、粒状繊維とセメントとを乾式混合した乾燥混合物（乾式混合物、以下「混綿」ということがある。）又は水を含む凝集材と混合前の粒状繊維を吹付けノズルまで輸送し該吹付けノズルの吐出口より噴射した乾式混合物又は乾燥粒状繊維に、上記吐出口の付近に配置した凝集材噴射口（凝集材噴射ノズル）より排出（噴射）される水を主要成分とする凝集材を合流混合させる吹付工法に用いたときに発生する粉塵が少なく、且つ吹付けにより形成される繊維層の表面を平坦に施工し易い、粒状繊維吹付けノズル及び粒状繊維吹付け装置を提供することを目的とする。 In the present invention, a dry mixture (dry mixture, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "blended cotton") in which granular fibers and cement are dry-mixed, or a coagulant containing water and granular fibers before mixing are transported to a spray nozzle and the spray is performed. A coagulant whose main component is water discharged (injected) from a coagulant injection port (coagulant injection nozzle) arranged near the discharge port is added to the dry mixture or dry granular fiber sprayed from the discharge port of the attachment nozzle. To provide a granular fiber spraying nozzle and a granular fiber spraying device, which generate less dust when used in a merging and mixing spraying method and can easily apply a flat surface to a fiber layer formed by spraying. The purpose.
また、本発明は、粒状繊維吹付け時に発生する粉塵量を抑制できる粒状繊維吹付け方法、即ち、粒状繊維とセメントとの乾式混合物又は乾燥粒状繊維を吹付けノズルまで輸送し該吹付けノズルの吐出口より噴射した乾式混合物（混綿）又は乾燥粒状繊維に、上記吐出口の付近に配置した凝集材噴射口（凝集材噴射ノズル）より排出（噴射）される水を主要成分とする凝集材を合流混合させる粒状繊維吹付け方法において、発生する粉塵が少なく、且つ吹付けにより形成される繊維層の表面を平坦にすることが行い易い、粒状繊維吹付け方法を提供することを目的とする。 Further, the present invention is a method of spraying granular fibers capable of suppressing the amount of dust generated when spraying granular fibers, that is, transporting a dry mixture of granular fibers and cement or dry granular fibers to a spray nozzle and using the spray nozzle. A coagulant containing water discharged (injected) from a coagulant injection port (coagulant injection nozzle) arranged near the discharge port is added to the dry mixture (blended cotton) or dry granular fibers sprayed from the discharge port. It is an object of the present invention to provide a granular fiber spraying method in which dust generated is small and the surface of the fiber layer formed by spraying can be easily flattened in the granular fiber spraying method of merging and mixing.
本発明者は、前記課題解決のため鋭意検討した結果、特定の粒状繊維吹付けノズルを用いることにより、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。即ち、本発明は、以下の（１）で表す粒状繊維吹付けノズル、（２）で表す粒状繊維吹付け装置、並びに（３）で表す粒状繊維吹付け方法である。
（１）粒状繊維噴射口を備える粒状繊維圧送管と、４個以上の凝集材噴射口とを具備し、粒状繊維噴射口を挟んで凝集材噴射口が向かい合い、該凝集材噴射口から噴射される凝集材が粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸側に傾斜する平面状に噴射されるように凝集材噴射口を粒状繊維噴射口の外縁に配置してあり、上記粒状繊維噴射口が、断面扁平な形状であることを特徴とする粒状繊維吹付けノズル。
（２）上記（１）の粒状繊維吹付けノズルと、粒状繊維輸送装置と、凝集材輸送装置と、空気圧送装置とを具備し、粒状繊維輸送装置が粒状繊維吹付けノズルの粒状繊維圧送管に連通し、凝集材輸送装置及び空気圧送装置が粒状繊維吹付けノズルの凝集材噴射口に連通していることを特徴とする粒状繊維吹付け装置。
（３）上記（３）の粒状繊維吹付け装置を用い、上記粒状繊維輸送装置により粒状繊維を圧送し粒状繊維吹付けノズルにおける粒状繊維圧送管の吐出口より吐出させた粒状繊維と、凝集材輸送装置により圧送した凝集材を空気圧送装置により圧送した圧縮空気とともに向い合う凝集材噴射口から、粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸側に傾斜する平面状に噴射し、粒状繊維と凝集材とを略線状に合流混合させて構造物に吹付けることを特徴とする粒状繊維吹付け方法。
As a result of diligent studies for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using a specific granular fiber spraying nozzle, and has completed the present invention. That is, the present invention is the following granular fiber spraying nozzle represented by (1), the granular fiber spraying device represented by (2 ), and the granular fiber spraying method represented by (3).
(1) A granular fiber pumping pipe provided with a granular fiber injection port and four or more aggregating material injection ports are provided, and the aggregating material injection ports face each other with the granular fiber injection port interposed therebetween, and injection is performed from the aggregating material injection port. that the aggregate jet port as aggregate material is injected in a plane which is inclined toward the central axis of the granular fiber pumping tube is placed into the outer edge of the granular fiber injection port tare is, the particulate fiber injection port, cross flat particulate fiber spray nozzles, wherein a shape der Rukoto.
(2) a particulate fiber spray nozzles (1) above, and the particulate fiber transport device, comprising the aggregate transport device, and a pneumatic feeding device, the granular fiber transport apparatus particulate fiber pumping particulate fiber spray nozzles A granular fiber spraying device that communicates with a pipe and that a coagulant transport device and an air pressure feeding device communicate with a coagulant injection port of a granular fiber spraying nozzle .
(3) using a particulate fiber spraying device of the above (3), and particulate fibers discharged from the discharge port of the particulate fiber pumping tube in the granular fiber spray nozzle to pump the particulate fibers by the granulated fiber transport apparatus, the aggregate The agglomerate material pumped by the transport device is injected in a plane inclined toward the central axis side of the granular fiber pumping pipe from the coagulant injection port facing the compressed air pumped by the air pressure feeding device, and the granular fiber and the agglomerate material are abbreviated. A granular fiber spraying method characterized by linearly merging and mixing and spraying onto a structure .
本発明によれば、粒状繊維とセメントとを乾式混合した乾燥混合物（乾式混合物、以下「混綿」ということがある。）又は水を含む凝集材と混合前の粒状繊維を吹付けノズルまで輸送し該吹付けノズルの吐出口より噴射した乾式混合物又は乾燥粒状繊維に、上記吐出口の付近に配置した凝集材噴射口（凝集材噴射ノズル）より排出（噴射）される水を主要成分とする凝集材を合流混合させる吹付工法に用いたときに発生する粉塵が少なく、且つ吹付けにより形成される繊維層の表面を平坦に施工し易い、粒状繊維吹付けノズル及び粒状繊維吹付け装置が得られる。 According to the present invention, a dry mixture (dry mixture, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "blended cotton") in which granular fibers and cement are dry-mixed, or a coagulant containing water and granular fibers before mixing are transported to a spray nozzle. Coagulation containing water discharged (injected) from a coagulant injection port (aggregate material injection nozzle) arranged near the discharge port into a dry mixture or dry granular fibers sprayed from the discharge port of the spray nozzle as a main component. It is possible to obtain a granular fiber spraying nozzle and a granular fiber spraying device, which generate less dust when used in a spraying method in which materials are merged and mixed, and which makes it easy to flatten the surface of the fiber layer formed by spraying. ..
また、本発明によれば、粒状繊維吹付け時に発生する粉塵量を抑制できる粒状繊維吹付け方法、即ち、粒状繊維とセメントとの乾式混合物又は乾燥粒状繊維を吹付けノズルまで輸送し該吹付けノズルの吐出口より噴射した乾式混合物（混綿）又は乾燥粒状繊維に、上記吐出口の付近に配置した凝集材噴射口（凝集材噴射ノズル）より排出（噴射）される水を主要成分とする凝集材を合流混合させる粒状繊維吹付け方法において、発生する粉塵が少なく、且つ吹付けにより形成される繊維層の表面を平坦にすることが行い易い、粒状繊維吹付け方法が得られる。 Further, according to the present invention, a method for spraying granular fibers capable of suppressing the amount of dust generated during spraying of granular fibers, that is, a dry mixture of granular fibers and cement or dried granular fibers is transported to a spray nozzle and sprayed. Aggregation of dry mixture (blended cotton) or dried granular fibers ejected from the discharge port of the nozzle, whose main component is water discharged (injected) from the coagulant injection port (aggregate injection nozzle) arranged near the discharge port. In the granular fiber spraying method in which the materials are merged and mixed, a granular fiber spraying method can be obtained in which the amount of dust generated is small and the surface of the fiber layer formed by the spraying can be easily flattened.
本発明によれば、粒状繊維吹付け時に発生する粉塵量を抑制できるので、粒状繊維吹付け作業が行い易く、保護具の簡素化、清掃作業の軽減又は省略等が図られ、施工効率の向上も望める。また、吹付けにより形成される繊維層の表面を平坦に施工し易いので、作業効率に優れる。 According to the present invention, since the amount of dust generated when the granular fibers are sprayed can be suppressed, the granular fiber spraying work can be easily performed, the protective equipment can be simplified, the cleaning work can be reduced or omitted, and the construction efficiency can be improved. You can also hope. Further, since the surface of the fiber layer formed by spraying can be easily applied flat, the work efficiency is excellent.
本発明の粒状繊維吹付けノズルは、粒状繊維噴射口を備える粒状繊維圧送管と、４個以上の凝集材噴射口とを具備し、粒状繊維噴射口を挟んで凝集材噴射口が向かい合い、該凝集材噴射口から噴射される凝集材が粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸側に傾斜する平面状に噴射されるように凝集材噴射口を粒状繊維噴射口の外縁に配置してあることを特徴とする。上記粒状繊維圧送管は、粒状繊維噴射口を備えており、少なくともこの粒状繊維噴射口の形状が扁平及び粒状繊維噴射口付近３cm程度は断面形状が扁平であることが好ましい。粒状繊維噴射口が次式（１）で求める扁平率が０．２８以上０．９８以下であることがより好ましく、０．５以上０．９５以下であることが更に好ましい。
扁平率＝（長径−短径）÷長径 ・・・・・ （１）
粒状繊維圧送管の粒状繊維噴射口の反対側（対向する側）の開口部は、粒状繊維輸送装置と連通する輸送管を接続する。粒状繊維輸送装置により圧送されてきた粒状繊維は、粒状繊維圧送管内を通り、粒状繊維噴射口より吐出される。粒状繊維噴射口が扁平であると、噴出された粒状繊維の噴流の断面形状も扁平となるため、凝集材噴射口から噴出された凝集材と混合し易くなり粉塵がより低減するとともに、粒状繊維と凝集材との混合物が断面扁平に吹き付けられるため、繊維層の表面を平坦に施工し易い。
The granular fiber spraying nozzle of the present invention includes a granular fiber pumping pipe provided with a granular fiber injection port and four or more aggregating material injection ports, and the aggregating material injection ports face each other with the granular fiber injection port interposed therebetween. The feature is that the aggregating material injection port is arranged on the outer edge of the granular fiber injection port so that the aggregating material injected from the aggregating material injection port is injected in a plane inclined toward the central axis side of the granular fiber pumping pipe. do. The granular fiber pumping pipe is provided with a granular fiber injection port, and it is preferable that the shape of the granular fiber injection port is flat and the cross-sectional shape is flat at least about 3 cm in the vicinity of the granular fiber injection port. The flatness of the granular fiber injection port obtained by the following formula (1) is more preferably 0.28 or more and 0.98 or less, and further preferably 0.5 or more and 0.95 or less.
Flattening = (major axis-minor axis) ÷ major axis ... (1)
The opening on the opposite side (opposite side) of the granular fiber injection port of the granular fiber pumping pipe connects the transport pipe communicating with the granular fiber transport device. The granular fibers pumped by the granular fiber transport device pass through the granular fiber pumping pipe and are discharged from the granular fiber injection port. When the granular fiber injection port is flat, the cross-sectional shape of the jet of the ejected granular fiber is also flat, so that it becomes easier to mix with the aggregating material ejected from the aggregating material injection port, dust is further reduced, and the granular fiber is further reduced. Since the mixture of the agglomerate and the agglomerate is sprayed on a flat cross section, the surface of the fiber layer can be easily applied flat.
上記凝集材噴射口は、粒状繊維噴射口を挟んで凝集材噴射口が向かい合い、該凝集材噴射口から噴射される凝集材が粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸側に傾斜する平面状に噴射されるように凝集材噴射口を粒状繊維噴射口の外縁に片側２個以上配置してある。ここで平面状とは、ある程度の厚みがあってもよい。凝集材噴射口から噴射される凝集材の噴流の断面形状が楕円又は線状となるような凝集材噴射口の形状であると、凝集材の噴流が平面形状となり易いので好ましい。凝集材噴射口は、片側２個以上、両側で４個以上とするが、好ましくは片側２〜１０個、両側で４〜２０個とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは片側３〜５個、両側で６〜１０個とすることが凝集材の噴流を平面に噴霧し易く且つ粒状繊維吹付けノズルの重さを軽くできることから好ましい。 In the agglomerate injection port, the agglomerate injection ports face each other across the granular fiber injection port, and the aggregating material injected from the aggregating material injection port is injected in a plane shape inclined toward the central axis side of the granular fiber pumping pipe. As described above, two or more coagulant injection ports are arranged on one side on the outer edge of the granular fiber injection port. Here, the flat surface may have a certain thickness. It is preferable that the shape of the agglutinating material jet is such that the cross-sectional shape of the agglutinating material jet is elliptical or linear, because the agglutinating material jet tends to have a planar shape. The number of coagulant injection ports is 2 or more on one side and 4 or more on both sides, preferably 2 to 10 on one side and 4 to 20 on both sides, more preferably 3 to 5 on one side and both sides. It is preferable to set the number to 6 to 10 because it is easy to spray the jet of the flocculant on a flat surface and the weight of the granular fiber spraying nozzle can be lightened.
粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸側を挟んで両側から噴射される凝集材の噴流が交差する位置（交差位置）が、粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸であることが好ましい。また、交差位置と状繊維圧送管の吐出口との距離（交差距離）が３００〜１２００mmとなるように、各凝集材噴射口を配置することが好ましい。また、凝集材噴射口と粒状繊維圧送管との距離は、粒状繊維噴射口の短径の５倍以内の距離とすることが好ましく、粒状繊維噴射口の短径の３倍以内の距離とすることがより好ましい。 It is preferable that the position (intersection position) where the jets of the agglutinating material injected from both sides of the central axis side of the granular fiber pumping pipe intersect is the central axis of the granular fiber pumping pipe. Further, it is preferable to arrange each agglutinating material injection port so that the distance (intersection distance) between the intersection position and the discharge port of the fiber pumping pipe is 300 to 1200 mm. The distance between the agglomerate injection port and the granular fiber pumping pipe is preferably within 5 times the minor axis of the granular fiber injection port, and is within 3 times the minor axis of the granular fiber injection port. Is more preferable.
本発明において、粒状繊維とは、直径数mm〜数cm程度の繊維塊、好ましくは直径５mm〜５cmの繊維塊であり、その材質としては無機繊維、有機繊維及び無機繊維と有機繊維の混合物でもよく、好ましくは耐火性又は不燃性を得易いので無機繊維であり、より好ましくは鉱物繊維である。最も好ましくはロックウールである。本発明において、ロックウールは、溶融炉で溶融された岩石や高炉スラグ等を主体とする材料が、急冷されながら、繊維化された素材（鉱物繊維）である。例えば、高炉スラグを主体とする材料より製造されたスラグウールなども含まれる。前記ロックウールは、繊維化された鉱物繊維を集めただけの原綿を解綿機等で細かくした粒状ロックウールを好適に用いることができる。原綿を用いる場合は、輸送前に解綿機等で細かくして用いる。粒状ロックウールは、ロックウールの原綿を解砕、解綿、切断、分級（例えば、篩い分け）、造粒などの工程の一種又は二種以上の組み合わせにより得られる。斯かるロックウールが用いられた場合、熱がロックウールを被覆する下地に伝わり難い。本発明の粒状繊維としては、セメントとの乾式混合物が、形成する繊維層が耐火性又は不燃性を得易いことから好ましい。 In the present invention, the granular fiber is a fiber mass having a diameter of several mm to several cm, preferably a fiber mass having a diameter of 5 mm to 5 cm, and the material thereof may be an inorganic fiber, an organic fiber, or a mixture of an inorganic fiber and an organic fiber. It is often, preferably an inorganic fiber because it is easy to obtain fire resistance or nonflammability, and more preferably a mineral fiber. Most preferably rock wool. In the present invention, rock wool is a material (mineral fiber) in which a material mainly composed of rock melted in a melting furnace, blast furnace slag, etc. is fibred while being rapidly cooled. For example, slag wool produced from a material mainly composed of blast furnace slag is also included. As the rock wool, granular rock wool obtained by finely pulverizing raw cotton obtained by collecting fibrous mineral fibers with a decotering machine or the like can be preferably used. When raw cotton is used, it is finely divided with a cotton crusher or the like before transportation. Granular rock wool is obtained by one or a combination of two or more steps such as crushing, crushing, cutting, classifying (for example, sieving), and granulating raw cotton of rock wool. When such rock wool is used, heat is not easily transferred to the base covering the rock wool. As the granular fiber of the present invention, a dry mixture with cement is preferable because the fiber layer to be formed easily obtains fire resistance or nonflammability.
本発明における凝集材としては、水、水溶液、無機質スラリー及び樹脂エマルション並びに無機質含有樹脂エマルション（樹脂含有無機質スラリー）が好適な例として挙げられ、より好ましい例としては水、水溶液、セメントスラリー及び合成樹脂エマルション（ポリマー）並びにセメント含有樹脂エマルション（樹脂含有セメントスラリー）が挙げられる。本発明に用いるセメントとしては、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、白色ポルトランドセメント等の各種ポルトランドセメント、エコセメント、アルミナセメント、フライアッシュセメントや高炉セメント等の混合セメント、超速硬セメント等の急硬性セメント等の水硬性セメントが挙げられる。また、本発明の凝集材に用いる樹脂エマルションとしては、スチレン・ブタジエン共重合体、クロロプレンゴム、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体又はメチルメタクリレート・ブタジエン共重合体等の合成ゴム、天然ゴム、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、ポリクロロピレン、ポリアクリル酸エステル、スチレン・アクリル共重合体、オールアクリル共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル・アクリル共重合体、酢酸ビニル・アクリル酸エステル共重合体、変性酢酸ビニル、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン・酢酸ビニル・塩化ビニル共重合体、酢酸ビニルビニルバーサテート共重合体、アクリル・酢酸ビニル・ベオバ（ｔ‐デカン酸ビニルの商品名）共重合体等の酢酸ビニル系樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、アルキド樹脂及びエポキシ樹脂等の合成樹脂、アスファルト及びゴムアスファルト等の瀝青質等のエマルションが挙げられる。 As the coagulant in the present invention, water, an aqueous solution, an inorganic slurry and a resin emulsion, and an inorganic-containing resin emulsion (resin-containing inorganic slurry) are preferable examples, and more preferable examples are water, an aqueous solution, a cement slurry and a synthetic resin. Examples thereof include an emulsion (polymer) and a cement-containing resin emulsion (resin-containing cement slurry). The cement used in the present invention includes various types of Portland cement such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, and white Portland cement, eco-cement, alumina cement, mixed cement such as fly ash cement and blast furnace cement, and rapid hardness such as ultrafast hard cement. Examples thereof include water-hard cement such as cement. The resin emulsion used for the flocculant of the present invention includes synthetic rubber such as styrene / butadiene copolymer, chloroprene rubber, acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer or methyl methacrylate / butadiene copolymer, natural rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene and the like. Polyolefin, polychloropyrene, polyacrylic acid ester, styrene / acrylic copolymer, all-acrylic copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate / acrylic copolymer, vinyl acetate / acrylic acid ester copolymer, modified vinyl acetate, Acetic acid such as ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate / vinyl chloride copolymer, vinyl acetate vinyl versatate copolymer, acrylic / vinyl acetate / beova (trade name of t-vinyl decanoate) copolymer, etc. Examples thereof include synthetic resins such as vinyl resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, alkyd resins and epoxy resins, and bituminous emulsions such as asphalt and rubber asphalt.
本発明の粒状繊維吹付け装置は、上記の粒状繊維吹付けノズルと、粒状繊維輸送装置と、凝集材輸送装置と、空気圧送装置とを具備し、粒状繊維輸送装置が粒状繊維吹付けノズルの粒状繊維圧送管に連通し、凝集材輸送装置及び空気圧送装置が粒状繊維吹付けノズルの凝集材噴射口に連通している。 The granular fiber spraying device of the present invention includes the above-mentioned granular fiber spraying nozzle, a granular fiber transporting device, a coagulant transporting device, and an air pressure feeding device, and the granular fiber transporting device is a granular fiber spraying nozzle. It communicates with the granular fiber pumping pipe, and the flocculant transport device and the air pumping device communicate with the flocculant injection port of the granular fiber spray nozzle.
粒状繊維吹付けノズルの粒状繊維圧送管は、粒状繊維輸送装置と連通している。この粒状繊維輸送装置は、粒状繊維用定量供給装置と、送風機（ブロア）と、材料圧送ホース（マテリアルホース）とを具備し、粒状繊維用定量供給装置としては解綿機を用いることもできる。この場合、解綿機は、パッキングにより圧縮されている粒状繊維を解しながら粒状繊維の圧送経路内に定量供給する。送風機（ブロア）と、粒状繊維用定量供給装置と、材料圧送ホース（マテリアルホース）と、粒状繊維吹付けノズルの粒状繊維圧送管は連通している。圧送経路内に定量供給された粒状繊維は、送風機（ブロア）より送られる空気により、材料圧送ホース内を通り、粒状繊維吹付けノズルの粒状繊維圧送管に送られ、該粒状繊維圧送管の先端部の吐出口より噴射される。 The granular fiber pumping pipe of the granular fiber spray nozzle communicates with the granular fiber transport device. This granular fiber transport device includes a fixed quantity supply device for granular fibers, a blower (blower), and a material pressure feeding hose (material hose), and a cotton cutter can also be used as the fixed quantity supply device for granular fibers. In this case, the cotton unraveling machine quantitatively supplies the granular fibers compressed by packing into the pumping path of the granular fibers while unraveling them. The blower (blower), the fixed quantity supply device for granular fibers, the material pumping hose (material hose), and the granular fiber pumping pipe of the granular fiber blowing nozzle communicate with each other. The granular fibers quantitatively supplied into the pumping path are sent to the granular fiber pumping pipe of the granular fiber blowing nozzle through the material pumping hose by the air sent from the blower (blower), and the tip of the granular fiber pumping pipe. It is ejected from the discharge port of the part.
また、空気圧送装置より凝集材噴射ノズルに圧送される圧縮空気の圧力が０．１〜２ＭＰａの範囲内であると粉塵の発生の抑制効果に優れることから好ましい。空気圧送装置より凝集材噴射ノズルに圧送（供給）される圧縮空気の圧力は、０．１〜１．５ＭＰａが好ましく、０．２〜１．０ＭＰａとすることがより好ましい。空気圧送装置としては、コンプレッサーが安定した圧力で連続して圧縮空気を圧送できることから好ましい。 Further, it is preferable that the pressure of the compressed air pumped from the air pressure feeding device to the agglutinating material injection nozzle is in the range of 0.1 to 2 MPa because the effect of suppressing the generation of dust is excellent. The pressure of the compressed air pumped (supplied) from the air pressure feeding device to the agglutinating material injection nozzle is preferably 0.1 to 1.5 MPa, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 MPa. The air pumping device is preferable because the compressor can continuously pump compressed air at a stable pressure.
本発明の粒状繊維吹付け方法は、上記の粒状繊維吹付け装置を用い、上記粒状繊維輸送装置により粒状繊維を圧送し粒状繊維吹付けノズルにおける粒状繊維圧送管の吐出口より吐出させた粒状繊維と、凝集材輸送装置により圧送した凝集材を空気圧送装置により圧送した圧縮空気とともに向い合う凝集材噴射口から、粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸側に傾斜する平面状に噴射し、粒状繊維と凝集材とを略線状に合流混合させて構造物に吹付けることを特徴とする。 In the granular fiber spraying method of the present invention, the granular fiber spraying device is used, and the granular fiber is pumped by the granular fiber transport device and discharged from the discharge port of the granular fiber pumping pipe in the granular fiber spraying nozzle. Then, the agglomerates pumped by the coagulant transport device are injected in a plane inclined toward the central axis side of the granular fiber pumping pipe from the coagulant injection port facing each other together with the compressed air pumped by the air pumping device to coagulate with the granular fibers. It is characterized in that the materials are merged and mixed in a substantially linear shape and sprayed onto the structure.
以下に、本発明を実施例を基に説明をするが、本発明はその実施例に限定されない。図１に本発明の粒状繊維吹付けノズルの一例の模式的な断面図を示した。また、図２に、本発明の粒状繊維吹付けノズルを用いた粒状繊維吹付け装置の一例の模式図を示した。混綿１１を解綿機１０に投入し、解すとともに粒状繊維の圧送経路内に定量供給する。圧送経路内に入った粒状繊維は、ブロア１２より経路内に送られる空気によりマテリアルホース９内を通り、粒状繊維吹付けノズル１の粒状繊維圧送管２内に送られ、扁平形状の粒状繊維噴射口（吐出口）３より射出される。凝集材１３が入った凝集材貯留槽８と吸引ホースで連通するポンプ７により凝集材用ホース内を通り、粒状繊維吹付けノズル１の凝集材用耐圧ホース取り付け部２１に凝集材１３が圧送される。また、コンプレッサー６（空気圧送装置）により、圧縮空気用耐圧ホースおよび圧縮空気用耐圧ホース取り付け部２２を通り凝集材噴射ノズル１４に圧縮空気が圧送される。圧縮空気と凝集材が粒状繊維吹付けノズル１の内部で合流し、凝集材噴射ノズル１４の直線状の噴出孔１５より噴射される。噴射された凝集材の噴流４と、吐出口３より射出された粒状繊維の噴流５が、吐出口３の先で合流混合し、構造物の表面に吹付けられ、繊維層を形成する。この圧縮空気とともに断面扁平に噴出（吐出）した凝集材１３が、粒状繊維噴射口（吐出口）３より断面扁平に射出された粒状繊維と、粒状繊維吹付けノズル１の先で合流混合する。この合流混合することで、発生する粉塵が抑制される。その断面扁平の合流混合物が構造物の表面に線状に吹付けられ、表面を平坦に繊維層を形成することができる。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of the granular fiber spraying nozzle of the present invention. Further, FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an example of a granular fiber spraying device using the granular fiber spraying nozzle of the present invention. The
本発明は、吹付けロックウール等に好適に用いることができ、粒状繊維、セメント水和物からなる繊維層を発生する粉塵を抑制しながら構築することができ、耐火被覆構造物、不燃構造物又は断熱性構造物の構築に好適に使用することができる。 The present invention can be suitably used for sprayed rock wool and the like, and can be constructed while suppressing dust that generates a fiber layer composed of granular fibers and cement hydrate, and is a fireproof coating structure and a non-combustible structure. Alternatively, it can be suitably used for constructing a heat insulating structure.
１ 粒状繊維吹付けノズル
２ 粒状繊維圧送管
３ 粒状繊維噴射口（吐出口）
４ 凝集材の噴流
５ 粒状繊維の噴流
６ コンプレッサー（空気圧送装置）
７ ポンプ
８ 凝集材貯留槽
９ マテリアルホース
１０ 解綿機
１１ 混綿
１２ ブロア
１４ 凝集材噴射ノズル
１５ 噴出孔（凝集材噴射口）
１６ 凝集材の流れの中心軸
１７ 粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸
１８ 交差位置
１９ 粒状繊維圧送管の中心軸と、圧縮空気噴射口から噴射される圧縮空気の流れの中心軸とがなす角θ
２０ 粒状繊維吹付け装置
２１ 凝集材用耐圧ホース取り付け部
２２ 圧縮空気用耐圧ホース取り付け部
1 Granular fiber spray nozzle 2 Granular
4 Agglutinant jet 5
7 Pump 8
16 Central axis of the flow of
20 Granular
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