JP6929045B2 - 水素製造装置および水素製造装置の運転方法 - Google Patents
水素製造装置および水素製造装置の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)本発明における水素製造装置の自立起動とは、外部から電気エネルギーまたはそれと同等のエネルギーの供給を受けることなく改質器と燃料電池とを起動し、水素の製造を開始して外部に水素の供給を行うことを言う。
(2)水素源とは、水素を含有する原料を保管しており、この物質を本発明の水素製造装置に原料として供給する手段である。より具体的には、水素を含有する原料の保管容器、またはこの保管容器に連通する供給配管のことを指す。水素源が保管または供給する物質は、アンモニア、尿素、またはメタン等の炭化水素系ガスである。
(3)改質器とは、水素を含有する物質を原料として水素を製造する装置のことを指す。最も好適な形態の改質器は、プラズマ反応容器と、プラズマ発生用電源と、高電圧電極として機能する水素分離部と、接地電極とを備えており、電極間の放電によって水素を含有する物質をプラズマとし、水素分離部で水素のみを透過させて分離するプラズマ改質器である。
(4)プラズマ改質器に準じる改質器として、触媒を用いて水素を含有する物質を分解して水素を取り出す改質器、およびプラズマ反応と触媒による反応を組み合わせた改質器が適用可能である。
(5)プラズマ改質器が製造する水素含有ガスとは、水素を主成分とするガスであって、特に、水素濃度が99.9%以上の高純度水素である。
(6)制御部は定常運転時に、以下の内容の制御を行う。
−入力部に対する、水素を含有する原料の導入量の制御。
−改質器の起動および停止と、運転時の水素含有ガスの製造量の制御。
−検出部が検出した水素貯蔵容器の貯蔵量と記憶しているしきい値との比較結果を用いた、水素貯蔵容器の水素含有ガスの貯蔵量の監視と制御。
−燃料電池への酸素供給量の制御。
−水素貯蔵容器に接続されている第一の開閉弁の開閉量の制御と、それによる燃料電池の発電量の制御。
−水素貯蔵容器に接続されている第二の開閉弁の開閉量の制御と、それによる外部への水素供給量の制御。
−燃料電池の発電量の監視による改質器への電力供給量の制御。
(7)制御部は、停電や災害発生などの異常を検出したとき、及び外部から停止命令を受け取ったときに、水素貯蔵容器の貯蔵量の確認と水素の製造の停止を行う。
(8)制御部は、外部から水素製造の開始命令を受け取ったとき、及び予め計画された時刻となったときに、水素製造装置の起動手順を実施する。
(9)計測部には、水素貯蔵容器の圧力を測定する圧力計を適用することができる。また、水素貯蔵容器に貯蔵されている気体の重量を測定する重量計を適用することができる。
(10)本発明の水素製造装置に最も好適に用いられる燃料電池は、固体高分子形燃料電池である。その他、各種の燃料電池が適用可能である。
11 入力部
12 改質器
13 水素貯蔵容器
14 計測部
15 燃料電池
16 燃料用水素経路
17 外部供給路
18 制御部
19、20 開閉弁
21 水素供給路
22 高電圧パルス電源
23 プラズマ反応器
24 放電空間
25 高電圧電極
27 接地電極
29 原料導入路
30 電力供給路
32 水素分離膜
33 支持体
41 水素源
42 外部負荷
43 酸素供給手段
Claims (6)
- 水素源に接続しており、水素を含有する原料を導入する入力部と、
前記入力部が導入した前記原料を分解して水素含有ガスを製造する改質器と、
前記改質器が製造した水素含有ガスを一時貯蔵する水素貯蔵容器と、
前記水素貯蔵容器内の水素含有ガスの貯蔵量を計測する計測部と、
前記改質器が製造した水素を使用して発電し、前記改質器に電力を供給する燃料電池と、
前記改質器が製造した水素の少なくとも一部を前記燃料電池に供給する燃料用水素供給路と、
前記改質器が製造した水素の一部を外部に供給する外部供給路と、
前記計測部の計測データを受領して、前記改質器の水素含有ガスの製造量と、前記水素貯蔵容器の水素含有ガスの貯蔵量と、前記燃料電池の発電量とを制御する制御部と、
を備えており、
前記制御部が、前記燃料電池の起動に必要な水素含有ガスの最低量に対応する前記計測データのしきい値を記憶しており、受領した前記計測データと前記しきい値とを比較して前記計測データが前記しきい値を下回った場合に、前記水素貯蔵容器の貯蔵量を増加させる制御を行っており、
起動時の前記燃料電池が、前記水素貯蔵容器で貯蔵していた水素を用いて発電し、電力を前記改質器に供給しており、
前記燃料電池は、動作温度が前記改質器の動作温度以上100℃以下の、固体高分子形燃料電池であることを特徴とする水素製造装置。 - 前記燃料電池の出力電力が、前記改質器の消費する電力より大であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水素製造装置。
- 前記改質器が,
前記原料を分解してプラズマとするための、原料供給口および水素出口を備えたプラズマ反応容器と、
前記燃料電池から電力の供給を受けるプラズマ発生用電源と、
当該プラズマ反応容器の水素出口側を区画する水素分離部と、
を備えており、
前記水素分離部が、前記プラズマ反応容器内でプラズマとなっている原料から水素を分離して、前記水素出口側に通過させることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の水素製造装置。 - 前記水素分離部が前記プラズマ発生用電源に接続されている水素分離膜であり、
前記水素分離膜は、電力を供給されることで高電圧電極として機能し、接地電極との間で放電して原料をプラズマとすることを特徴とする請求項3記載の水素製造装置。 - 水素を含有する原料が、アンモニアまたは尿素であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の水素製造装置。
- 水素源に接続しており、水素を含有する原料を導入する入力部と、
前記入力部が導入した前記原料を分解して水素含有ガスを製造する改質器と、
前記改質器が製造した水素含有ガスを一時貯蔵する水素貯蔵容器と、
前記水素貯蔵容器内の水素含有ガスの貯蔵量を計測する計測部と、
前記改質器が製造した水素を使用して発電し、前記改質器に電力を供給する燃料電池と、
前記改質器が製造した水素の少なくとも一部を前記燃料電池に供給する燃料用水素供給路と、
前記改質器が製造した水素の一部を外部に供給する外部供給路と、
前記計測部の計測データを受領して、前記改質器の水素含有ガスの製造量と、前記水素貯蔵容器の水素含有ガスの貯蔵量と、前記燃料電池の発電量とを制御する制御部と、
を備えている水素製造装置の運転方法であって、
前記制御部が、前記燃料電池の起動に必要な水素含有ガスの最低量に対応する前記計測データのしきい値を記憶しており、受領した前記計測データと前記しきい値とを比較して前記計測データが前記しきい値を下回った場合に、前記水素貯蔵容器の貯蔵量を増加させる制御を行っており、
起動時に、前記制御部が前記水素貯蔵容器から水素を前記燃料電池に供給する工程と、
供給された水素によって前記燃料電池が発電を開始する工程と、
前記燃料電池が発電した電力を前記改質器に供給する工程と、
前記改質器が、原料を分解してプラズマとすることによって水素を製造する工程と、
製造した水素を前記燃料電池に供給して発電を継続する工程と、
を備えており、前記燃料電池は、動作温度が前記改質器の動作温度以上100℃以下の、固体高分子形燃料電池であることを特徴とする水素製造装置の運転方法。
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