JP6918613B2 - Wall structure and wall construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a wall surface structure and a method for constructing a wall surface related to reinforcement of a concrete retaining wall or an existing masonry, and in particular, a wall surface structure that can be easily constructed even in a narrow construction place where there is not enough space in front of the existing surface. And how to build the wall.

In the prior art related to the wall structure and the method of constructing the wall surface, the formwork material is placed in front of the existing surface such as the ground of the slope or the existing masonry, and the formwork is placed at a predetermined pitch by the retaining material such as the reinforcing bar or the separator material. Connect the material to the existing surface on the back. Subsequently, concrete is placed between the formwork material and the existing surface, cured and hardened.
A wall structure is constructed by constructing a predetermined number of steps from the lower step to the upper step in these construction cycles.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-74276 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-279610

The prior art has the following drawbacks.
<1> In order to take the reaction force against the lateral pressure of concrete, it is necessary to arrange the backing material on the back side of the formwork material. At this time, since complicated separation work is performed in a narrow space on the back side of the formwork material, the construction is difficult and the construction efficiency is poor.
<2> Since the backing material is placed on the back side of the formwork material, construction cannot be performed unless a depth of at least about 50 cm can be secured between the formwork material and the existing surface.
<3> The material cost is high because the structure is complicated and there are many dedicated members.
<4> When using heavy objects such as concrete formwork, heavy machinery is required for construction. In this case, it is difficult to construct in a narrow place because a space for installing and handling heavy machinery is required.
<5> Since the backing material is intricately entangled with the back side of the formwork material, it is easy for the backing material to get under the feet when installing the upper formwork material or when placing concrete, and there is a concern about safety.

The wall surface structure of the present invention that solves the above problems includes a planar formwork, a plurality of linear support members, concrete, and foundation concrete, and the formwork is between an existing surface. It is erected along the existing surface while maintaining a certain interval, and one end of the support material is located in the foundation concrete and the other end communicates upward with the inside of the multiple formwork materials. , The formwork is tension-supported in the ground direction by a support material.
In this structure, the formwork can stand on its own only by the tension of the support material, and since the backing material on the back side of the formwork is not required, a strong wall surface structure can be constructed with a simple structure.

The wall surface structure of the present invention may include a formwork panel in which the formwork material has a rectangular surface shape and a tubular formwork connection joint attached to the back surface of the formwork panel.
Since this structure has a simple structure, the material cost is low, and the formwork material can be assembled simply by attaching the formwork connecting joint to the existing formwork panel, so that the temporary material can be easily diverted and the versatility is high.

In the wall surface structure of the present invention, the formwork connecting joint may include a sheath tube and an insertion tube, and the sheath tube of another formwork connecting joint may be interpolated inside the insertion tube.
In this structure, since the upper sheath pipe is inserted into the lower insertion pipe and connected, the formwork members can be stably connected to each other.

The wall surface structure of the present invention may be provided with a bearing stage portion at the back of the insertion tube.
In this structure, since the washer and the bearing step portion are in contact with each other on the surface, the formwork can be effectively pressed and tensioned.

In the wall surface structure of the present invention, the support material includes an anchor material and a fastening nut, and the formwork may be tension-supported by fastening the fastening nut screwed to the anchor material.
Since this structure has a simple structure, the material cost is low, and the formwork can be easily tension-supported by fastening nuts.

The wall surface structure of the present invention may include a connecting material for connecting the anchor materials.
In this structure, the anchor material can be easily extended by using a general-purpose connecting material.

The wall surface structure of the present invention may include a ruler material in which threaded portions are formed according to the spacing between the reinforcing bars of the anchor material.
With this structure, the anchor material can be easily and accurately positioned according to the design rebar pitch.

In the method for constructing the wall surface of the present invention, 1) the formwork material is placed in a state where the foundation concrete is arranged in the ground in front of the existing surface and the anchor materials are arranged at predetermined intervals from the inside of the foundation concrete upward. The process of arranging the anchor material from above, 2) the process of connecting multiple formwork materials to each other to form a formwork, and 3) tightening the anchor material with a fastening nut to tighten the formwork. It is characterized by including a step of supporting and 4) a step of placing concrete between the formwork and the existing surface, and constructing a wall surface by repeating these construction cycles.
This configuration does not require the process of installing a backing material on the back of the formwork material, and a strong wall structure can be constructed only by a simple process such as connecting the formwork materials and fastening them with anchor materials. Very efficient.

The wall surface construction method of the present invention may include a step of screwing a connecting material to the tip of the anchor material to extend the anchor material.
In this configuration, the anchor material can be easily extended.

The wall surface structure and the wall surface construction method of the present invention have at least one of the following effects in order to have the above configuration.
<1> Since the tension of the formwork material in the ground direction counteracts the lateral pressure of the concrete, it is not necessary to arrange the backing material on the back surface of the formwork material. Therefore, the wall structure can be constructed only by working from the front surface of the formwork, and the construction efficiency is very high.
<2> Since it is not necessary to arrange the backing material, it can be installed even in a narrow place where the depth is only about 10 cm between the formwork material and the slope.
<3> Temporary materials such as steel pipes and anchor materials can be diverted, and no backing material is required, so the material cost is low.
<4> Since the formwork body can be constructed simply by connecting lightweight formwork materials vertically and horizontally, it is easy to construct and can be constructed manually without the need for heavy machinery.
<5> Since a work space without obstacles can be secured on the back side of the formwork material, the workability is high and the work safety is high.

Explanatory drawing of the wall surface structure of this invention. Explanatory drawing of the formwork material of this invention. Explanatory drawing of the formwork material and support material of this invention. Explanatory drawing (1) of the wall surface construction method of this invention. Explanatory drawing (2) of the wall surface construction method of this invention. Explanatory drawing (3) of the wall surface construction method of this invention. Explanatory drawing (4) of the wall surface construction method of this invention. Explanatory drawing of Example 2. FIG.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
It should be noted that each figure is a schematic view of the wall surface structure, and the continuous direction of the wall surface structure and the slope is represented by a cross section. Both ends of the actual wall surface structure are blocked by the ground on the slope and the formwork material.

[Wall structure]
<1> Overall configuration (Fig. 1).
The wall surface structure 1 of the present invention is a structure constructed on the front surface of an existing surface, and is used for a concrete retaining wall, a reinforcing structure of an existing masonry, and the like.
In this example, an example in which the existing surface is a slope S of an existing masonry will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to a ground or a vertical wall.
The wall surface structure 1 of the present invention includes a formwork 10'standing along the front surface of the slope S while maintaining a certain distance from the front surface of the slope S, and a foundation having one end in front of the slope S. A plurality of support members 20 located in the concrete 40 and having the other end inserted in the formwork 10', concrete 30 arranged between the formwork 10'and the slope S, and the ground in front of the slope S. It includes a foundation concrete 40 to be arranged inside.
The formwork 10'is tension-supported in the ground direction by the support member 20.

<2> Formwork body and formwork material (Fig. 2).
The formwork body 10'is a planar component that constitutes the front surface of the wall surface structure 1.
The formwork body 10'of the present invention is formed by connecting a plurality of formwork members 10 vertically and horizontally.
The formwork material 10 is a so-called waste formwork left on the front surface of the concrete 30.
Each formwork member 10 is attached to a rectangular surface-shaped formwork panel 12 and the back surface of the formwork panel 12 along the height direction of the formwork panel 12, and at least one tubular formwork connecting joint 11 is provided. And.
In this example, one formwork connecting joint 11 is provided at the center of the formwork panel 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and one may be provided on each side of the form panel 12 in the width direction.
A support member 20, which will be described later, is inserted into the formwork connecting joint 11 of the formwork member 10.

<2.1> Formwork connecting joint (Fig. 3).
The formwork connecting joint 11 is a member for connecting the formwork member 10 in the vertical direction.
The formwork connecting joint 11 includes a tubular sheath tube 11a and a tubular insertion tube 11b attached to one end of the sheath tube 11a.
A bearing stage portion 11c is formed in the inner portion of the insertion tube 11b from the inner surface of the insertion tube 11b to the inner surface of the sheath tube 11a.

<2.1.1> Sheath tube.
The sheath tube 11a is a tubular body for inserting the support member 20. In this example, a steel pipe is used as the sheath pipe 11a.
The sheath tube 11a is attached to the back side of the form panel 12 by a connecting metal fitting.
The length of the sheath tube 11a is substantially the same as the height of the formwork panel 12.

<2.1.2> Insert tube.
The insertion pipe 11b is a tubular member for connecting the upper and lower formwork connecting joints 11.
The insertion tube 11b is coaxially attached to the upper end of the sheath tube 11a.
The insertion tube 11b has a larger diameter than the sheath tube 11a, and the inner diameter of the insertion tube 11b corresponds to the outer diameter of the sheath tube 11a. Therefore, the sheath tube 11a of the other formwork connecting joint 11 can be inserted into the insertion tube 11b.
In this example, a steel pipe having a diameter larger than that of the sheath pipe 11a is cut as the insertion pipe 11b and welded to the end of the sheath pipe 11a.
The insertion pipe 11b is arranged above the upper end of the formwork panel 12 so as not to be buried in the concrete 30 at the time of casting.

<2.1.3> Supporting step portion (Fig. 3).
The bearing step portion 11c has a stepped structure in which bearing pressure is received by the support member 20.
The bearing stage portion 11c is formed at the bottom of the insertion tube 11b from the inner surface of the insertion tube 11b to the inner surface of the sheath tube 11a.
The bottom of the sheath pipe 11a of the other formwork connecting joint 11 to be connected is in contact with the bearing stage portion 11c, and the bottom surface of the washer 22 of the support member 20 is in contact with the bearing step portion 11c.

<2.2> Formwork panel.
The formwork panel 12 is a face material that constitutes the front surface of the formwork member 10.
The formwork panel 12 includes a rectangular plate body 12a and a frame body 12b for preventing deformation of the plate body 12a and for connecting the formwork panels 12 to each other.
In this example, a lath-processed steel plate is used as the plate body 12a. The waste form made of the lath-processed plate body 12a can easily form the solid concrete 30 because excess water and air bubbles easily escape from the eyes of the lath when the concrete 30 is placed.
The plate body 12a is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a non-perforated steel plate, a concrete plate, a resin plate, or the like.
The frame body 12b has a plurality of bolt holes communicating in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction on the outer peripheral portion, and can be bolted to each other with the form panel 12 of the form material 10 adjacent to the upper, lower, left and right directions.

<3> Support material (Fig. 3).
The support member 20 is a linear member for tension-supporting the formwork 10'in the ground direction.
In this example, as the support member 20, a combination of an anchor member 21 having a thread groove on the peripheral surface, a washer 22, a fastening nut 23, and a connecting member 24 is adopted.
One end of the anchor material 21 is fixed in the foundation concrete 40, the other end is inserted into the sheath pipe 11a of the formwork material 10, and the fastening nut 23 is fastened from above the formwork material 10. 10 can be made to stand on the ground by tensioning toward the ground.
Further, the length of the anchor material 21 can be extended by screwing the connecting material 24 to the tip of the anchor material 21 and screwing another anchor material 21 to the tip of the connecting material 24.
In this example, a long nut with a thread inside is used as the connecting member 24. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, steel rods with threads inside both ends may be adopted.

[How to build a wall]
Subsequently, an example of the method for constructing the wall surface of the present invention will be described.
<1> Overall configuration.
The method for constructing the wall surface of the present invention is an existing method in which the installation and connection of the formwork material 10, the tension support of the formwork body 10'by the support material 20, and the placing of the concrete 30 in the formwork body 10' are repeated. This is a method of constructing a wall surface structure 1 on the front surface of a surface.

<2> Placing foundation concrete and arranging anchor materials.
The ground in front of the slope S is excavated in a certain range along the continuous direction of the slope S, and the foundation concrete 40 is placed.
After casting and before hardening, the lower part of the anchor material 21 is reinforced in the foundation concrete 40.
A bearing plate for taking a reaction force in the foundation concrete 40 is inserted under the anchor material 21, and the bearing plate is sandwiched and fixed from both the upper and lower sides by a coma nut.
The anchor members 21 are erected at an angle corresponding to the slope of the slope S, and are arranged at predetermined intervals along the continuous direction of the slope S. The predetermined interval is the interval between the formwork connecting joints 11 of the adjacent formwork members 10 when the formwork body 10'is constructed.
The anchor material 21 is fixed in the foundation concrete 40 as the foundation concrete 40 hardens.

<3> Installation of formwork material (Fig. 4A).
After the foundation concrete 40 is hardened, the formwork material 10 is lowered onto the foundation concrete 40 along the anchor material 21 while inserting the anchor material 21 into the formwork connecting joint 11.
Adjacent formwork members 10 are bolted to each other with a frame body 12b. In this way, a continuous formwork 10'by the formwork member 10 is constructed.

<4> Tension of anchor material.
The washer 22 and the fastening nut 23 are screwed and fastened to the anchor member 21 protruding upward from the sheath pipe 11a of the formwork connecting joint 11.
By fastening the fastening nut 23, the lower surface of the washer 22 presses the bearing step portion 11c of the formwork connecting joint 11 and tensions in the ground direction, thereby pressing the formwork material 10 against the upper surface of the foundation concrete 40 to support it. (Fig. 3).
According to the method for constructing a wall surface of the present invention, a strong formwork 10'composed of an independent formwork 10 can be erected without arranging a retaining member such as a round separator on the back surface of the formwork member 10.
As described above, since it is not necessary to install a retaining member on the back surface of the formwork material 10, it can be easily installed even in a narrow place where there is not a sufficient distance from the slope S.

<5> Connection of upper formwork materials (Fig. 4B).
While the sheath pipe 11a of the upper formwork material 10 is externally inserted into the anchor material 21 protruding upward from the formwork connecting joint 11 of the lower formwork material 10, the upper formwork is placed on the upper part of the lower formwork material 10. Install the material 10.
The upper formwork members 10 are bolted to each other, and the upper formwork member 10 and the lower formwork member 10 are bolted to each other to construct the formwork body 10'.
The upper formwork material 10 is fastened to the anchor material 21 with the fastening nut 23 in the same manner as in <4>, and tension is applied in the ground direction.

<6> Placing concrete (Fig. 4C).
Concrete 30 is placed between the formwork material 10 and the slope S. The casting height of the concrete 30 is lowered by several cm from the top end of the upper formwork material 10.
The concrete 30 is compacted using a vibrator and then hardened.

<7> Extension of anchor material (Fig. 4D).
When the protruding length of the anchor material 21 is shorter than that of the formwork connecting joint 11, the connecting material 24 is screwed to the tip of the anchor material 21 to extend the anchor material 21.
In this example, the anchor material 21 is extended after the second stage concrete is placed, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the anchor material 21 can be appropriately extended according to the length of the anchor material 21.

<8> Repeat the process.
The steps <5> to <7> are repeated from the lower stage to the upper stage from the lower stage to the predetermined height to construct the wall surface (FIG. 1).
When the formwork material 10 projects upward from the top end of the slope S at the uppermost stage, the formwork material 10 for height adjustment is used, or the projecting portion of the formwork material 10 is cut to increase the height. Adjust the weight.

<9> Other examples.
In this example, the formwork material 10 is tense with the fastening nut 23 step by step, but the present invention is not limited to this. You may be tense at every two steps or every three or more steps.
Further, in this example, the concrete 30 is placed every time the formwork members 10 are stacked in two layers, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the concrete 30 may be placed every one step or every three or more steps.
In addition, a drainage mat may be laid on the front surface of the slope S, or anchor bolts may be placed on the slope S. Further, in order to reinforce the formwork body 10', the formwork member 10 and the slope S may be connected at appropriate heights.

[Example with ruler material]
Another embodiment in which the support material 20 has the ruler material 25 will be described (FIG. 5).
The ruler material 25 is a long member provided with threaded portions according to the pitch of the reinforcing bars of the anchor material 21.
In this example, the ruler material 25 is arranged along the continuous direction of the slope S on the excavated ground before the foundation concrete 40 is placed.
By screwing the lower end portion of the anchor material 21 into the screw portion of the ruler material 25, the anchor material 21 can be easily and accurately positioned according to the design reinforcing bar pitch.

1 Wall structure 10'Formwork 10'Formwork 11 Formwork connection joint 11a Sheath pipe 11b Insertion pipe 11c Supporting step 12 Formwork panel 12a Plate 12b Formwork 20 Support material 21 Anchor material 22 Washer 23 Fastening nut 24 Connecting material 25 Formwork material 30 Concrete 40 Foundation concrete S Slope

Claims (8)

It is a wall structure constructed in front of the existing surface,
A planar formwork made of multiple formwork materials connected vertically and horizontally,
With multiple linear supports
Concrete to be placed between the formwork and the existing surface,
It is equipped with foundation concrete that is placed along the continuous direction of the existing surface in the ground in front of the existing surface.
The formwork is erected along the existing surface while maintaining a certain distance from the existing surface.
The formwork materials include a rectangular surface-shaped formwork panel, and at least one tubular formwork connecting joint attached to the back surface of the formwork panel along the height direction of the formwork panel. Have,
The upper and lower formwork materials are connected to each other via the formwork connecting joint.
One end of the plurality of support members is located in the foundation concrete, and the other end communicates upward with the inside of the formwork connecting joint of the plurality of formwork members.
The formwork is tension-supported in the ground direction by the support material.
Wall structure. The formwork connecting joint includes a tubular sheath tube and an insertion tube having a diameter larger than that of the sheath tube coaxially attached to one end of the sheath tube, and the inner diameter of the insertion tube is outside the sheath tube. The wall surface structure according to claim 1 , wherein an end portion of a sheath tube of another formwork connecting joint can be inserted according to the diameter. The wall surface structure according to claim 2 , wherein a bearing step portion extending from the inner surface of the insertion tube to the inner surface of the sheath tube is provided in the inner portion of the insertion tube. The support material includes a rod-shaped anchor material having a thread groove on the peripheral surface and a fastening nut, and the formwork is tension-supported in the ground direction by fastening the fastening nut screwed to the anchor material. The wall surface structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the wall structure is characterized by the above. The wall surface structure according to claim 4 , further comprising a connecting member for connecting anchor members continuous in the longitudinal direction to each other. The wall surface structure according to claim 4 or 5 , further comprising a ruler material in which threaded portions are formed according to the spacing between the reinforcing bars of the anchor material in the foundation concrete. It is a method of constructing a wall surface to be constructed in front of an existing surface.
Foundation concrete is placed in the ground in front of the existing surface along the continuous direction of the existing surface, and the slope of the existing surface is maintained upward from the inside of the foundation concrete while maintaining a certain distance from the existing surface. In a state where anchor materials are erected along the above and a plurality of the anchor materials are arranged at predetermined intervals along the continuous direction of the existing surface.
Using a rectangular surface-shaped formwork material,
The formwork materials include a rectangular surface-shaped formwork panel, and at least one tubular formwork connecting joint attached to the back surface of the formwork panel along the height direction of the formwork panel. Have,
1) While inserting the tip of the anchor material into the inside of the formwork connecting joint, the formwork material is lowered from above the anchor material, and the formwork material is placed on the foundation concrete or the upper part of the lower formwork material. And the process of arranging
2) The plurality of the formwork materials are connected to the lower formwork material via the connection between the formwork connection joints , and the plurality of the formwork materials are connected to each other with the adjacent formwork materials on the left and right sides. Then, the process of forming a continuous formwork and
3) A step of tension-supporting the formwork in the ground direction by fastening the anchor material protruding from the upper part of the formwork connecting joint with a fastening nut.
4) A step of placing concrete between the formwork and the existing surface and hardening the concrete is provided.
The steps 1) to 3) are appropriately repeated until the formwork reaches a predetermined height, and then the step 4) is performed, and this is set as one construction cycle.
The wall surface is constructed by the one construction cycle or by repeating the one construction cycle.
How to build a wall. 7. The invention is characterized in that a step of extending the anchor material in the longitudinal direction by screwing a connecting material to the tip of the anchor material and screwing another anchor material to the tip of the connecting material is provided. How to build a wall surface as described in.

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