JP6915792B1 - 広範囲遺伝子欠損を有する腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルス - Google Patents
広範囲遺伝子欠損を有する腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルス Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
[1] ワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の7000〜9000塩基からなる領域が欠損しており、正常細胞内では増殖しないが、癌細胞内で特異的に増殖し、癌細胞を特異的に障害する腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス。
[2] 前記ワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の7000〜9000塩基からなる領域が、030L遺伝子から046L遺伝子までの連続した領域に存在する遺伝子又はそれらの遺伝子に相同な遺伝子の少なくとも1個の遺伝子を含む領域である、[1]の腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス。
[3] 前記030L遺伝子から046L遺伝子までの連続した領域に存在する遺伝子である035L遺伝子に相同な遺伝子が、セリンプロテアーゼインヒビター3(SPI-3)をコードする遺伝子である、[2]の腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス。
[4] 以下に示すワクシニアウイルス株のゲノム配列の以下の領域が欠損しており、正常細胞内では増殖しないが、癌細胞内で特異的に増殖し、癌細胞を特異的に障害する、[1]〜[3]のいずれかの腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス:
配列番号17に表される塩基配列の27000番目の塩基から31000番目の塩基を含む7000〜9000塩基の領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
[5] 配列番号17に表されるワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の以下の領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域が欠損しており、欠損している領域以外の領域は、配列番号17に表されるワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列と80%以上の配列同一性を有し、正常細胞内では増殖しないが、癌細胞内で特異的に増殖し、癌細胞を特異的に障害する、[1]〜[3]のいずれかの腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス:
配列番号17に表される塩基配列の27000番目の塩基から31000番目の塩基を含む7000〜9000塩基の領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
[6] 以下に示すワクシニアウイルス株のゲノム配列の以下の領域が欠損しており、正常細胞内では増殖しないが、癌細胞内で特異的に増殖し、癌細胞を特異的に障害する、[4]の腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス:
(i) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の26240番目の塩基から34314番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域;又は
(ii) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の23767番目の塩基から32499番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
[7] 配列番号17に表されるワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の以下の領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域が欠損しており、欠損している領域以外の領域は、配列番号17に表されるワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列と80%以上の配列同一性を有し、正常細胞内では増殖しないが、癌細胞内で特異的に増殖し、癌細胞を特異的に障害する、[5]の腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス:
(i) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の26240番目の塩基から34314番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域;又は
(ii) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の23767番目の塩基から32499番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
[8] ワクシニアウイルスが、LC16株、LC16mO株又はB5R遺伝子が発現するように改変されたLC16m8株である、[1]〜[7]のいずれかの腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス。
[9] [1]〜[8]のいずれかの腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルスを含む癌治療のための医薬組成物。
[10] [1]〜[8]のいずれかの腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルスに外来DNAを導入した、ワクシニアウイルスベクター。
[11] 外来DNAがマーカーDNA、細胞毒性効果若しくは免疫賦活効果を有する治療用遺伝子、又は癌、ウイルス、細菌若しくは原虫の抗原をコードするDNAである、[10]のワクシニアウイルスベクター。
[12] [10]又は[11]のワクシニアウイルスベクターを含む、癌治療のための、又は癌、ウイルス、細菌若しくは原虫に対するワクチンとして使用するための医薬組成物。
配列番号17に表される塩基配列の27000番目の塩基から31000番目の塩基を含む7000〜9000塩基の領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
(i) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の26240番目の塩基から34314番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域;又は
(ii) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の23767番目の塩基から32499番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
配列番号17に表される塩基配列の27000番目の塩基から31000番目の塩基を含む7000〜9000塩基の領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
(i) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の26240番目の塩基から34314番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域;又は
(ii) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の23767番目の塩基から32499番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。
広範囲遺伝子欠損ウイルスの欠損領域に外来遺伝子を挿入した遺伝子組換えワクシニアウイルスを作製するために、LC16mO株のゲノムDNA(Accession No.AY678277.1)(配列を配列番号17に示す)を鋳型に使用し、d8k欠損のために、2組のプライマー:配列番号1と配列番号2あるいは配列番号3と配列番号4で増幅し、得られたPCR産物をそれぞれ制限酵素KpnIとAgeI、あるいはSacIとAgeIにより切断した。それらをpBluescript SKII(+) ベクターのKpnIとSacI切断部位にクローニングし、8kbp欠損領域の周辺配列を有するpSKII(+)-8kを構築した。一方、比較例としてのd12k欠損のために、2組のプライマー:配列番号5と配列番号6あるいは配列番号7と配列番号8を用いて増幅し、得られたPCR産物をKpnIとAgeI、あるいはSacIとAgeIにより切断した。それらをpBluescript SKII(+)ベクターのKpnIとSacI切断部位にクローニングし、12kbp欠損領域の周辺配列を有するpSKII(+)-12kを構築した。続いて広範囲遺伝子欠損領域に外来遺伝子の発現ユニットを挿入するため、pIRES-LucGFP(国際公開第WO2015/076422号)のDNAを鋳型として、2つのプライマー(配列番号9と配列番号10)によってLuciferase EGFP遺伝子領域を増幅した。そのPCR産物を制限酵素NheIとBspEIで切断し、それをpTNshuttle/TK-SP-BFPベクターのAgeI及びNheI切断部位にクローニングし、合成ワクシニアウイルスプロモーター(Hammond JM. et al., Journal of Virological Methods. 1997; 66(1):135-138)下にLuciferase EGFPを連結したpTK-ST7.5-LucGFPを構築した。なお、pTagBFP-N(FP172、Evrogen社)のDNAを鋳型として、2つのプライマー(配列番号1と配列番号2)によって、BFP遺伝子領域を増幅した。その各PCR産物を制限酵素SfiIとEcoRIで切断し、それをpTK-SP-LGベクター(国際公開第WO2015/076422号)の同じ制限酵素部位にクローニングし、合成ワクシニアウイルスプロモーター(Hammond JM. et al., Journal of Virological Methods. 1997; 66(1):135-138)下にBFPを連結し、pTNshuttle/TK-SP-BFPを構築した。次にpTK-ST7.5-LucGFPを制限酵素SphIとEcoRIで切断し、そのST7.5-LucGFP断片をpSKII(+)-8kベクター、あるいはpSKII(+)-12kベクターの同じ制限酵素部位にクローニングし、各遺伝子欠損領域にLuciferase EGFP発現ユニットを挿入したpSKII(+)-8k-LucGFP及びpSKII(+)-12k-LucGFPを構築した。
広範囲遺伝子欠損を有するd8k-LucGFP、d12k-LucGFP、及び広範囲遺伝子欠損を持たないHA-LucGFPの抗腫瘍効果を比較するべく、広範な癌細胞株への感染及びその後の生存率測定を行った。ヒト卵巣癌細胞(SKOV3、RMG-1、OVCAR-3:2.0×104/well、A2780:1.0×104/well)、ヒト膵臓癌細胞(Panc1:2.0×104/well、AsPC1 CD44v9 high、Panc10.05:3.5×104/well、MiaPaca-2:1.0×104/well)、ヒト結腸癌細胞(CaCO2、SW480:2.0×104/well)、ヒト乳癌細胞(MDA-MB-231、MCF-7:2.0×104/well)、ヒト肺癌細胞(A549:1.0×104/well)、ヒト前立腺癌細胞(PC3:2.5×104/well)、ヒト類上皮癌細胞(A431:2.0×104/well)、ヒト喉頭癌細胞(Hep-2:2.0×104/well)、マウス大腸癌細胞(CT26:1.0×104/well)、マウスメラノーマ細胞(B16-F10:1.5×104/well)、及びマウス肺癌細胞(TC1:4.0×103/well)らを96wellプレートに播種し、37℃ 24時間培養後HA-LucGFP、d8k-LucGFPあるいはd12k-LucGFPの各ウイルス液をRMG-1はMOI=0.001、0.01、0.1、SW480はMOI=0.001、0.01、0.1、1、マウス癌細胞株(CT26、B16-F10、TC1)はMOI=0.1、1、5、それ以外のヒト癌細胞株はMOI=0.01、0.1、1のいずれかにより感染させた(n=3)。そしてTC1は感染から48時間後、それ以外は72時間後にCellTiter 96(登録商標) Aqueous Nonradioactive Cell Proliferation Assay(Promega)により細胞生存率の測定を行った。
次に腫瘍異種移植モデルを用い、広範囲遺伝子欠損を有するワクシニアウイルスの治療効果と毒性の評価を行った。Renila luciferaseを定常発現するヒト膵臓癌細胞株Panc1を5.0×106 cellsでICR-SCIDマウスの腹腔内に移植し、腫瘍の生着を確認した14日後に各ウイルス:HA-LucGFP、d8k-LucGFPあるいはd12k-LucGFPを1.0×106 PFUでマウス腹腔内へ投与した(Day 0)。腫瘍の生着及び増殖はViviRen In Vivo Renilla Luciferase Substrate(Promega)を用いたRluc発光検出により、またウイルスの増殖及び伝搬はVivo Glo Luciferin, In vivo Grade(Promega)の投与によるFluc発光検出によりそれぞれ確認した。発光の検出は各基質投与後にin vivoイメージングシステム(Berthold、NightSHADE LB985)を用いて非侵襲的に行われた。図4にウイルス投与前(Day -1)時点と投与後11日(Day 11)時点での腫瘍Rlucの検出結果を示す。腫瘍Rlucはウイルス投与前には全ての群で一律に検出されるが、ウイルス投与後11日時点では各ウイルス(HA-LucGFP、d8k-LucGFPあるいはd12k-LucGFP)投与群でそのシグナルが消失していた。一方、ウイルスを投与していないMock群においてはRlucシグナルが残存していた。その前後(投与後3日及び10日時点)におけるウイルスFlucの検出結果を図5に示す。投与後3日時点では全てのウイルス投与群でマウス腹腔部におけるウイルスFlucの発現が確認された。その7日後の投与後10日時点では腹腔部でのウイルスFlucのシグナルはほぼ消失していたが、HA-LucGFP投与マウスでのみ口、四肢、尾部などの非腫瘍部でのウイルスシグナルが観察された。図6にウイルスFluc、腫瘍Rlucの数値化の結果を示す。ウイルス投与後3日目時点でのFluc蛍光はMock群と比較し各ウイルス投与群において有意な上昇が認められたが(Two-Way ANOVA統計解析:*P<0.05、**P<0.01、***P<0.001)、各ウイルス間の差は見られなかった。その7日後のウイルス投与後10日目時点のウイルスFlucはどのウイルスもMock群と同等まで減少していた。またウイルス投与1日前時点での腫瘍Rlucは各群とも同等であったが、投与後11日時点では各ウイルス投与マウスの腫瘍Rluc発光はMock群と比較して有意に減少していた(Two-Way ANOVA統計解析:*P<0.05、**P<0.01)。ウイルス投与後のマウス体重の推移を図7に示す。HA-LucGFP投与マウスはDay 20までにPox痕と体重の急激な減少が見られ、ウイルス毒性の徴候が観察された。Mock群はDay 50前後から腫瘍負荷による体重の減少傾向が見られた。d8k-LucGFP投与群は5匹中2匹のマウスでDay 50付近からPox痕の出現と体重減少が見られたが、残り3匹には見られなかった。一方でd12k-LucGFP群は全てのマウスでPox痕は見られず、急激な体重減少も見られなかった。図8にウイルス投与後のマウスの生存率を示す。Log-rank統計解析により、HA-LucGFP投与群はMock群と比較して有意に生存期間が短くなっていた(**P=0.0018)。一方d8k-LucGFP及びd12k-LucGFP投与群はDay 100を過ぎるまで死亡は見られず、Mock群と比較しての有意な生存延長が認められた(**P=0.0015)。以上より、d8k-LucGFP及びd12k-LucGFPは腫瘍異種移植モデルにおいても親ウイルスと同等の抗腫瘍効果を持ち、さらにHA-LucGFPよりもウイルス毒性が抑えられることで腫瘍特異的に治療効果を発揮できることが示唆された。
次に正常な免疫系を持つマウス体内での各ウイルスの抗がん効果を比較するため、左右両腹部に皮下腫瘍を持つ同種同系マウスモデルでの治療効果を検討した。マウスへの腫瘍移植及びウイルス投与のスケジュールを図9に示す。マウス大腸癌細胞株(CT26)を5.0×105cellsでBALB/cマウスの腹部両側皮下に移植し、腫瘍が53〜121mm3(平均89mm3)になるまで5日間成長させた。腫瘍成長後にHA-LucGFP、d8k-LucGFPあるいはd12k-LucGFPを隔日3回 2.5×107PFUで片側の腫瘍内へ直接投与し(Day0, 2, 4)、その合間(Day 1, 3, 5, 7)にVivo Glo Luciferin, In vivo Gradeの投与によるFluc発光検出を行った。図10にウイルス投与後1日目時点でのウイルスFlucの検出画像を示す。各ウイルス投与マウスは投与側腫瘍でのみウイルスシグナルが検出され、非投与側腫瘍では確認できなかった。またd8k-LucGFP及びd12k-LucGFPのFlucシグナルはHA-LucGFPのシグナルより減少する傾向が見られた。図11にDay 1〜Day 7までのウイルスFlucシグナルの数値化結果を示す。d8k-LucGFP及びd12k-LucGFPウイルスのFlucシグナルはDay 1時点でHA-LucGFPより有意に減少していたが(Two-Way ANOVA統計解析:**P<0.01)、どのウイルスもDay 7には一様に消失していた。図12にウイルス投与側及び非投与側腫瘍の腫瘍径の推移を示す。各ウイルスは投与した腫瘍に対し強力な治療効果を発揮し、HA-LucGFPでは7匹中2匹、d8k-LucGFP及びd12k-LucGFPではそれぞれ8匹中5匹のマウスで投与側腫瘍を寛解させた(表1)。Two-Way ANOVA統計解析により、HA-LucGFP、d8k-LucGFP及びd12k-LucGFPはMock群と比較して投与側腫瘍径を有意に抑えることが確認された(***P<0.001)。一方HA-LucGFP、d8k-LucGFP及びd12k-LucGFPはウイルスシグナルの見られなかった非投与側腫瘍に対してもMock群と比較して有意な腫瘍抑制効果を示しており(Two-Way ANOVA統計解析:**P<0.01、***P<0.001)、投与側腫瘍の崩壊による抗腫瘍免疫の誘導が示唆された。加えてd8k-LucGFP投与マウスでのみ、投与側・非投与側両方が寛解する個体が8匹中3匹現れた。
Claims (5)
- 以下に示すワクシニアウイルスLC16mO株のゲノム配列の以下の領域が欠損しており、正常細胞内では増殖しないが、癌細胞内で特異的に増殖し、癌細胞を特異的に障害する、腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルス:
(i) 配列番号17に表される塩基配列の26240番目の塩基から34314番目の塩基からなる領域に対応するワクシニアウイルスのゲノム配列の領域。 - 請求項1記載の腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルスを含む癌治療のための医薬組成物。
- 請求項1記載の腫瘍溶解性を有するワクシニアウイルスに外来DNAを導入した、ワクシニアウイルスベクター。
- 外来DNAがマーカーDNA、細胞毒性効果若しくは免疫賦活効果を有する治療用遺伝子、又は癌、ウイルス、細菌若しくは原虫の抗原をコードするDNAである、請求項3記載のワクシニアウイルスベクター。
- 請求項3又は4に記載のワクシニアウイルスベクターを含む、癌治療のための、又は癌、ウイルス、細菌若しくは原虫に対するワクチンとして使用するための医薬組成物。
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