JP6904690B2 - 被覆物品及び製造方法 - Google Patents
被覆物品及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6904690B2 JP6904690B2 JP2016238075A JP2016238075A JP6904690B2 JP 6904690 B2 JP6904690 B2 JP 6904690B2 JP 2016238075 A JP2016238075 A JP 2016238075A JP 2016238075 A JP2016238075 A JP 2016238075A JP 6904690 B2 JP6904690 B2 JP 6904690B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- coating
- nickel
- substrate
- spraying
- feedstock
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 72
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 64
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- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical group [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014459 Sorbus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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- C23C4/073—Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
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- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
- F05D2300/177—Ni - Si alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/611—Coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12931—Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base components, alternative to each other
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
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Description
(実施例)
以下の実施例は、本発明の非限定的な実施形態をさらに例証するために提示される。
(実施例1:粉体処理)
約50gのCoNiCrAlY粉体(平均粒径〜10μm)をアルミナのボート内に入れ、軽く揺すって分散させて薄い均一層にした。粉体を管状炉内に入れて、アルゴン雰囲気下、1121℃で15分間熱処理し、次いで炉を自然冷却した。熱処理の後、金属粉体は部分的に焼結して固体シートを形成した。シートを手で砕いて約25ミリメートルのサイズのフレークにし、次にフレークをスイングミルに装填した。スイングミルを6分間作動させ、微細な自由流動粉体を生成した。粉体を最後に#635メッシュを通してふるいにかけ、その後の熱間溶射実験のための開始ストックを形成した。
(実施例2:皮膜堆積)
上述の米国特許出願番号第12/790,170号に詳述された液体注入高速空気燃料(HVAF)熱間溶射プロセスを用いて熱間溶射実験を行い、約20μmの公称厚さを有する皮膜を堆積した。溶射中の粉体温度は、堆積中の溶融及び過剰の酸化を防止するのに十分に低い温度に維持した。熱処理した実施例1のCoNiCrAlY粉体でこのプロセスを用いて得られた典型的なミクロ組織は、走査型電子顕微鏡で明らかに観察できるガンマ相領域及びベータ相領域を含んでいた。比較のために、同じ条件下で、但し受け入れた状態のままの(霧化された状態のままの)粉体を用いて溶射した同じ組成の皮膜は、霧化プロセスに由来する急速凝固アーチファクトを示した。例えば、従来の粉体を用いて作られた皮膜の透過型電子顕微鏡分析は、ベータ相と共にシグマ相の存在を明らかにした。対照的に、熱処理粉体で作られた皮膜は、より望ましいガンマ相で主として構成され、ベータ相を含み、検出可能なシグマ相を含まなかった。
(実施例3:機械試験)
一般に、熱処理粉体で作られた皮膜は、シグマ相が典型的には脆性であるのに対してガンマ相は潜在的に延性であるので、改善された機械的性質を有するものと期待される。低サイクル疲労実験を行って粉体熱処理の利益を試験した。約25μm厚さの皮膜をニッケル基超合金テストバーに塗工して、華氏400度(約204℃)にて〜0.6%のピーク応力及び1に等しいA比(A ratio)で、破損するまでサイクルを行った。未被覆材料の平均寿命に対して、受け入れた状態のままの粉体で被覆されたテストバーは、約−1.2標準偏差の不良を示した。対照的に、熱処理粉体の使用は、測定可能な性質不良を示さず、未被覆材料の疲労寿命と等しい疲労寿命を示した。
110:基材
120:皮膜
130:界面
140:相互拡散ゾーン
Claims (33)
- 析出強化合金を含み、合金が、
a)1以上のモードが100nm未満のサイズに対応するマルチモード粒径分布を有するガンマプライム型析出物の集団、又は
b)300nm未満の中央値サイズを有するガンマダブルプライム型析出物の集団を含む、基材と、
基材上に配置された皮膜と、
を備えた物品であって、
皮膜は、MCrAlX組成物であって、ここでMは、ニッケル、コバルト、及び鉄から成る群から選択される1以上の元素であり、Xは、イットリウム、レニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、希土類元素、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、シリコン、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択される1以上の元素を含む、MCrAlX組成物を含み、
皮膜は、複数の旧粒子をさらに含み、皮膜の少なくとも一部は、急速凝固アーチファクトを実質的に有さない、物品。 - 皮膜の10体積%以上が急速凝固アーチファクトを実質的に有さない、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 皮膜の50体積%以上が急速凝固アーチファクトを実質的に有さない、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 基材は、ニッケル基超合金、ニッケル−鉄基超合金、又はコバルト基超合金を含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 基材は、ニッケル基超合金を含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 皮膜は、5重量%以上のアルミニウムを含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 皮膜は、コバルトと、28%〜35%のニッケルと、17%〜25%のクロムと、5%〜15%のアルミニウムと、0.01%〜1%のイットリウムとを含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 皮膜は、ガンマ相及びベータ相を含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 皮膜におけるシグマ相は、1体積%未満である、請求項8に記載の物品。
- ガンマ相は、皮膜の25体積%以上の濃度で存在する、請求項8に記載の物品。
- ベータ相は、皮膜の10体積%以上の濃度で存在する、請求項10に記載の物品。
- 皮膜は、界面で基材と直接接触するように配置され、皮膜と基材との間の相互拡散ゾーンは、5μm未満の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 物品は、ガスタービン組立体の構成部品である、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 物品は、タービンディスクである、請求項1に記載の物品。
- ニッケル基超合金を含み、ニッケル基超合金は、ガンマプライム型析出物の集団を含み、集団は、1以上のモードが100nm未満のサイズに対応するマルチモード粒径分布を有する、基材と、
界面において基材上に配置された皮膜と、
を備えた物品であって、皮膜は、
a)MCrAlX組成物であって、ここでMは、ニッケル、コバルト、及び鉄から成る群から選択される1以上の元素であり、Xは、イットリウム、レニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、希土類元素、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、シリコン、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択される1以上の元素を含む、MCrAlX組成物、
b)複数の旧粒子界面、及び
c)皮膜の25体積%以上のガンマ相及び皮膜の10体積%〜75体積%の範囲内のベータ相
を含み、
皮膜の50体積%以上は、急速凝固アーチファクトを実質的に有さず、
界面から基材内へ延在する相互拡散ゾーンは、5μm未満の厚さを有する、
物品。 - ある量の金属粉体を熱処理するステップを含む方法であって、粉体は、MCrAlX組成物であって、ここでMは、ニッケル、コバルト、及び鉄から成る群から選択される1以上の元素であり、Xは、イットリウム、レニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、希土類元素、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、シリコン、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択される1以上の元素を含む、MCrAlX組成物を含む微粒子と、微粒子内に存在する複数の急速凝固アーチファクトとを有し、熱処理ステップは、粉体から実質的に全ての急速凝固アーチファクトを除去するのに効果的な時間及び温度の組合せで行われ、それにより所望の粒子粒径分布を有する被処理粉体を形成し、
皮膜材料を基材上に配置するステップをさらに含み、被処理粉体が皮膜材料のための供給原料として用いられ、
基材は、析出強化合金を含み、合金が、
a)1以上のモードが100nm未満のサイズに対応するマルチモード粒径分布を有するガンマプライム型析出物の集団、又は
b)300nm未満の中央値サイズを有するガンマダブルプライム型析出物の集団を含む、方法。 - 熱処理ステップは、熱処理中に粉体を撹拌することをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 熱処理ステップ中に形成された焼結材料を機械的に処理するステップをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 機械的処理ステップは、焼結材料をミリングすることを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 配置ステップは、供給原料中の微粒子の実質的な部分を溶融しない技術を用いて供給原料を吹付けすることを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 技術は、冷間溶射、フレーム溶射、空気プラズマ溶射、液体注入空気プラズマ溶射、高速オキシ燃料溶射、液体注入高速オキシ燃料溶射、高速空気燃料溶射、又は液体注入高速空気燃料溶射を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 技術は、液体注入高速空気燃料溶射を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 基材は、ニッケル基超合金、ニッケル−鉄基超合金、又はコバルト基超合金を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- MCrAlX組成物は、コバルトと、28%〜35%のニッケルと、17%〜25%のクロムと、5%〜15%のアルミニウムと、0.01%〜1%のイットリウムとを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 皮膜は、ベータ相と、25体積%以上のガンマ相とを含み、皮膜におけるシグマ相は1体積%未満である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- MCrAlX組成物であって、ここでMは、ニッケル、コバルト、及び鉄から成る群から選択される1以上の元素であり、Xは、イットリウム、レニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、希土類元素、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、シリコン、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択される1以上の元素を含む、MCrAlX組成物を含む微粒子を有するある量の粉体を925℃から1200℃の範囲の温度にて少なくとも5分間熱処理して被処理粉体を形成するステップと、
冷間溶射、フレーム溶射、空気プラズマ溶射、高速オキシ燃料溶射、又は高速空気燃料溶射を用いて皮膜材料を基材上に配置するステップであって、被処理粉体は、皮膜材料のための供給原料として用いられ、基材は、ニッケル基超合金を含み、ニッケル基超合金は、ガンマプライム型析出物の集団を含み、集団は、1以上のモードが100nm未満のサイズに対応するマルチモード粒径分布を有する、配置ステップと、
を含み、配置ステップは、供給原料中の微粒子の実質的な部分を溶融しない技術を用いて供給原料を吹付けすることを含む、
方法。 - 供給原料を吹付けすることによって基材上に皮膜を配置するステップを含む方法であって、供給原料は、MCrAlX組成物であって、ここでMは、ニッケル、コバルト、及び鉄から成る群から選択される1以上の元素であり、Xは、イットリウム、レニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、希土類元素、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、シリコン、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択される1以上の元素を含む、MCrAlX組成物を含む複数の微粒子を含み、急速凝固アーチファクトを実質的に有さない複数の微粒子の少なくとも一部を有し、
供給原料を吹付けすることは、供給原料中の微粒子の実質的な部分を溶融しない堆積技術を用いることを含み、
基材は、析出強化合金を含み、合金は、a)1以上のモードが100nm未満のサイズに対応するマルチモード粒径分布を有するガンマプライム型析出物の集団、又はb)300nm未満の中央値サイズを有するガンマダブルプライム型析出物の集団、を含む、
方法。 - 基材は、ニッケル基超合金、ニッケル−鉄基超合金、又はコバルト基超合金を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 供給原料は、コバルトと、28%〜35%のニッケルと、17%〜25%のクロムと、5%〜15%のアルミニウムと、0.01%〜1%のイットリウムとを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 供給原料は、ガンマ相及びベータ相を含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 供給原料におけるシグマ相は、1体積%未満である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 皮膜は、界面で基材と直接接触するように配置され、界面から基材内に延在する相互拡散ゾーンは、5μm未満の厚さを有する、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 供給原料を吹付けすることによって基材上に皮膜を配置するステップを含む方法であって、供給原料は、MCrAlX組成物であって、ここでMは、ニッケル、コバルト、及び鉄から成る群から選択される1以上の元素であり、Xは、イットリウム、レニウム、タンタル、モリブデン、希土類元素、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、シリコン、及びこれらの組合せから成る群から選択される1以上の元素を含む、MCrAlX組成物を含む複数の微粒子を含み、急速凝固アーチファクトを実質的に有さない複数の微粒子の少なくとも一部を有し、
供給原料を吹付けすることは、供給原料中の微粒子の実質的な部分を溶融しない堆積技術を用いることを含み、
基材は、ガンマプライム型析出物の集団を含むニッケル基超合金を含み、集団は、1以上のモードが100nm未満のサイズに対応するマルチモード粒径分布を有する、
方法。
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2015
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2016
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- 2016-12-08 CA CA2951098A patent/CA2951098C/en active Active
- 2016-12-08 JP JP2016238075A patent/JP6904690B2/ja active Active
- 2016-12-16 BR BR102016029607-2A patent/BR102016029607A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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JP2017122275A (ja) | 2017-07-13 |
EP3181727B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
CN107022758A (zh) | 2017-08-08 |
EP3181727A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
BR102016029607A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
CA2951098A1 (en) | 2017-06-18 |
CN107022758B (zh) | 2020-08-18 |
US20170175244A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
CA2951098C (en) | 2024-04-23 |
US20180245194A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
US10017844B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
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