JP6898927B2 - 血管内画像における影の検出および検証 - Google Patents
血管内画像における影の検出および検証 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B8/5223—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
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Description
本願は2015年11月23日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/259,015号の優先権およびその利益を主張するものである。同出願の内容全体はここに参照によって組み込まれる。
本発明は、血管内画像における影およびステント支柱のような特徴検出のためのシステムおよび方法に関する。
部分的には、本開示は、さまざまな影生成オブジェクトの検出に適用されることのできる影検出方法に関する。このように、部分的には、本開示は、金属器具またはオブジェクトの検出方法であって、そのような金属オブジェクトの点または要素を、OCTもしくはIVUSプルバックのような血管内記録またはプルバックの各フレーム内で検出するための自動化された方法を含むものに関する。金属オブジェクトまたは器具は、ステントおよびコンポーネント・ステント支柱、ガイドワイヤおよび他の金属または影を生じる要素を含むことができる。ある実施形態では、ステント検出は、組織オフセットの検出、影の検出、検出された影内での支柱の検出およびガイドワイヤ境界における支柱の検出ならびに分枝内での支柱の検出を含むことができる。偽陽性を減らすための影/支柱を検証するための段階およびそれに関する探索が実行されることができる。ナイーブ・アト・ピーク・ライン方法(NPLM: Naive at Peak Line Method)を使った支柱検出が実行されることができる。これらの段階の概要が図1Bに含まれている。
組織マスクの近オフセットおよび遠オフセットは、各走査線についての近点と遠点との間の線投影を計算するために使われる。ある実施形態では、近オフセットおよび遠オフセットによって境を定められた線における諸ピクセルはソートされて、ある割合の低めのピクセル値が平均される。こうして、各走査線について、ピクセルのすべてが集計において考慮される場合、平均ピクセル値が決定されることができる。(全ピクセルについての)その平均値に比して、あるいは走査線についてのピクセルの部分集合を使って得られる別の平均値――ある強度閾値より下のピクセルの平均に比して低い値が、候補影を識別するために使用されることができる。平均組織強度の50%のような平均組織強度の割合が、それより上でLATベースの方法を使って影が識別される強度フロアとして使われることができる。図5の平滑化された線投影における谷に基づいて候補影を選択するためのフロアとして、使用される平均組織強度の前記割合は、約20%から約80%の範囲であることができる。
ある実施形態では、影探索方法は、影領域を決定するために、線投影に対して局所適応的な閾値(LAT)を使う。LATの決定は、影探索方法の精度を高める。本方法は、図5においてLATとラベル付けされている線によって示されるように、各線についてLATを計算する。図6は、本開示のある実施形態に基づく例示的な影探索方法を示すプロセス・フローチャート350である。
ある実施形態では、影検証が影探索に続いて行なわれ、偽陽性を減らすとともに、LATおよび平滑化線投影を使う影探索または影検出からの出力に作用するその後の支柱オフセット検出方法の負荷を緩和するために使われる。ある実施形態では、影検出は諸走査線を通じた影の存在を判別しようとする一方、検証は、本物の影エッジの存在を確認しようとする。影開始走査線および影停止走査線は、血管内撮像プローブの参照フレームからの影開始および終了のような関心領域のエッジを定義する。
検証された影は、それぞれの影をフレーム上の他のすべての影と比較することによって、さらに区別される。重なり合う影は単一の影にマージされ、重複する影は除去される。前節で述べた検証に失格する影は、この洗練段階において無視される。本方法は、影が画像のまわりでラップする場合を考慮に入れる。
詳細な説明のいくつかの部分は、アルゴリズムおよびコンピュータ・メモリ内のデータ・ビットに対する演算の記号表現を用いて提示されている。これらのアルゴリズム的な記述および表現は、コンピュータおよびソフトウェアに関係する分野の当業者によって使われることができる。ある実施形態では、アルゴリズムは、ここでは、また一般に、所望される結果につながる自己無矛盾な一連の動作であると考えられる。本稿に記載される方法段階としてまたは他の仕方で実行される動作は、物理量の物理的な操作を必要とするものである。必須ではないが通例、こうした量は記憶、転送、結合、変換、比較および他の仕方で操作されることのできる電気信号または磁気信号の形を取る。
Claims (20)
- 血管内画像において影を検出するための、血管内診断システムの作動方法であって、前記血管内診断システムの一つまたは複数のコンピューティング装置によって実行される当該方法は:
一つまたは複数の電子的メモリ・デバイスに一つまたは複数の血管内データセットを記憶する段階であって、各血管内データセットは複数の走査線を含む、段階と;
複数の線投影を走査線ごとに決定する段階であって、各線投影は、近組織オフセットおよび遠組織オフセットを使って決定される、段階と;
前記線投影を使って組織強度の局所的推定値を決定する段階と;
諸走査線を通じて変化する局所適応的な閾値を決定する段階と;
強度の前記局所的推定値が前記局所適応的な閾値を下回る連続する諸走査線のグループ化を使って、前記血管内データセットにおける関心特徴を表わす影を識別する段階とを含む、
方法。 - 前記複数の走査線についての複数の近オフセットを決定し;
前記複数の走査線についての複数の遠オフセットを決定することをさらに含む、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 前記線投影内の極小の存在に基づいて候補影を識別する段階をさらに含み、該極小の強度は、前記複数の走査線のうちのある走査線のいずれかの側の近傍内に見出される一つまたは複数の最大強度の所与の割合未満である、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 影領域のエッジを示す傾きの変化を識別するために、各走査線のまわりの探索窓に対して複数の傾き値を推定する段階をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 検出されたエッジに関して一つまたは複数の影検証方法を実行する段階をさらに含む、請求項4記載の方法。
- 組織強度の前記局所的推定値は、走査線ごとに生成された平滑化された投影である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記平滑化された投影に沿って一つまたは複数の相対的な極値を探索し、前記一つまたは複数の相対的な極値を使って、シグネチャーに基づいて影を識別することを含む、請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記シグネチャーは、二つのピークの間に配置される谷である、請求項7記載の方法。
- 影を識別する段階は、
一つまたは複数の線投影内で影領域の探索を実行することを含む、
請求項1記載の方法。 - 識別された影を検証する段階をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 影を検証することがさらに、カーネルを用いて一つまたは複数のエッジを検出することを含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記一つまたは複数の検証された影に関連する一つまたは複数のオブジェクトを血管の表現において表示する段階をさらに含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 局所適応的な閾値より下の線投影について影を識別することをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 局所平均組織値を使って走査線毎に局所適応的な閾値(LAT)を生成することをさらに含む、請求項13記載の方法。
- 血管内画像における影を検出するための、血管内診断システムの作動方法であって、前記血管内診断システムの一つまたは複数のコンピューティング装置によって実行される当該方法は:
一つまたは複数のメモリ・デバイスに一つまたは複数の血管内データセットを記憶する段階であって、各血管内データセットは複数の走査線を含む、段階と;
前記複数の走査線について第一のオフセットおよび第二のオフセットを決定する段階と;
前記第一のオフセットと前記第二のオフセットの間の諸サンプルを平均することによって各走査線についての線投影を決定する段階と;
それらの線投影内で影領域の探索を実行する段階と;
識別された影を検証する段階と;
表示装置に、前記一つまたは複数の検証された影に関連する一つまたは複数のオブジェクトを血管の表現において表示する段階とを含む、
方法。 - 前記血管内診断システムは、光干渉断層撮影法システムである、請求項15記載の方法。
- 局所平均組織値を使って走査線毎にLATを生成することをさらに含む、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記LATより低い線投影について影を識別することをさらに含む、請求項17記載の方法。
- 追加的な候補影を識別するために極小探索を実行する段階をさらに含む、請求項15記載の方法。
- 線投影の測定された傾き値を使って、影の境となる一つまたは複数の走査線に対するエッジ洗練を実行する段階をさらに含む、請求項15記載の方法。
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WO2017040484A1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | Gentuity, Llc | Imaging system includes imaging probe and delivery devices |
CN109716446B (zh) | 2016-09-28 | 2023-10-03 | 光学实验室成像公司 | 利用血管表象的支架规划系统及方法 |
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