JP6819167B2 - Cultivation method of Asteraceae plants and latex collection method - Google Patents
Cultivation method of Asteraceae plants and latex collection method Download PDFInfo
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
本発明は、キク科植物の栽培方法、該栽培方法により得られるキク科植物からのラテックス採取方法、該採取方法により得られるラテックスを用いた空気入りタイヤの製造方法及びゴム製品の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Asteraceae plants, a method for collecting latex from Asteraceae plants obtained by the cultivation method, a method for producing a pneumatic tire using the latex obtained by the collection method, and a method for producing a rubber product.
現在、工業用ゴム製品に用いられている天然ゴムは、パラゴムノキを唯一の採取源としている。しかしながら、パラゴムノキは東南アジアや南米などの限られた地域でのみ生育可能な植物である。更に、パラゴムノキは、植樹からゴムの採取が可能な成木になるまでに７年程度を要し、また、天然ゴムを採取できる期間は２０〜３０年である。今後、開発途上国を中心に天然ゴムの需要の増大が見込まれているが、上述の理由によりパラゴムノキによる天然ゴムの大幅な増産は困難である。そのため、天然ゴム資源の枯渇が懸念されており、パラゴムノキの成木以外の安定的な天然ゴムの供給源が望まれており、レタスやタンポポ等のキク科植物等からのゴム採取が研究されている。 Currently, the only source of natural rubber used in industrial rubber products is Hevea brasiliensis. However, Hevea brasiliensis is a plant that can grow only in limited areas such as Southeast Asia and South America. Furthermore, it takes about 7 years for Hevea brasiliensis to become an adult tree from which rubber can be collected from tree planting, and the period during which natural rubber can be collected is 20 to 30 years. Demand for natural rubber is expected to increase in the future, mainly in developing countries, but for the reasons mentioned above, it is difficult to significantly increase the production of natural rubber by Hevea brasiliensis. Therefore, there is concern about the depletion of natural rubber resources, and a stable source of natural rubber other than adult Hevea brasiliensis is desired, and rubber extraction from Asteraceae plants such as lettuce and dandelion has been studied. There is.
キク科植物等からのゴム抽出方法は、ソックスレー抽出法等の有機溶媒による抽出方法が一般的であるが、複数の前処理（植物組織の乾燥、破砕、低分子成分や色素の除去）を必要とするため、組織を破砕することで生体由来の不純成分が多く含まれること、不純成分を取り除くための前処理に時間を要すること、破砕作業は作業負荷が多いこと（液体窒素で組織を凍らせた上で、乳鉢・乳棒ですり潰す作業の為）、一度に多検体の処理ができないこと、等の問題がある。また、上記方法は、加熱抽出や有機溶媒による抽出のため、ＧＰＣ（ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー）による分子量測定の結果、低分子成分のピークが大きく、高分子成分（ゴム）のピークトップがはっきりしないこと、環境負荷が大きいこと、等の問題がある。 The rubber extraction method from Asteraceae plants is generally an extraction method using an organic solvent such as a Soxhlet extraction method, but multiple pretreatments (drying and crushing of plant tissue, removal of low molecular weight components and pigments) are required. Therefore, crushing the tissue contains a large amount of impure components derived from the living body, it takes time for pretreatment to remove the impure component, and the crushing work has a heavy workload (freezing the tissue with liquid nitrogen). There are problems such as being unable to process multiple samples at once) (because of the work of mashing with a mortar and pestle). In addition, since the above method is heat extraction or extraction with an organic solvent, as a result of molecular weight measurement by GPC (gel permeation chromatography), the peak of the low molecular weight component is large and the peak top of the high molecular weight component (rubber) is not clear. , There are problems such as heavy environmental load.
そこで、本発明者らが鋭意検討したところ、乳液が豊富に含まれる上位部の茎部を物理的に傷つけ、切り口からにじみ出る乳液を直接回収することにより、生体由来の不純成分の混入を軽減できる等、上記問題が解決できることを見出した。 Therefore, as a result of diligent studies by the present inventors, it is possible to reduce the contamination of impure components derived from the living body by physically damaging the upper stem portion containing abundant emulsion and directly collecting the emulsion oozing from the cut end. Etc., we found that the above problem can be solved.
しかし、通常の方法で栽培されたキク科植物の上位部の茎部から回収できる乳液は少量であり、特に、レタスでは、食用向けの栽培方法によって結球させたものからは乳液が回収しづらいという問題があった。 However, the amount of milky lotion that can be recovered from the upper stems of Asteraceae plants cultivated by the usual method is small, and especially in lettuce, it is difficult to recover the milky lotion from those headed by the edible cultivation method. There was a problem.
そこで、本発明者らは、茎部を抽苔（気温等により花茎が伸びだすこと）させて、乳液を回収できるようにしたり、回収できる乳液の量を増やすことを考えたが、茎部を抽苔させる栽培方法は確立されておらず、生育障害と茎部の抽苔をバランスさせる照度・日長時間等の栽培条件を検討する必要があった。 Therefore, the present inventors have considered to make the stem part moss-extracted (the flower stem grows due to the temperature or the like) so that the milky lotion can be collected or to increase the amount of the milky lotion that can be collected. Cultivation methods for extracting moss have not been established, and it was necessary to study cultivation conditions such as illuminance and long hours of day to balance growth disorders and moss extraction on stems.
本発明は、上記課題を解決し、生育障害を抑制しつつ、茎部を抽苔させるキク科植物の栽培方法、及び作業負荷や環境負荷を低減させ、量や質を向上させたラテックスを効率よく採取する方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, suppresses growth disorders, and efficiently cultivates bryophytes that extract moss on stems, and latex that reduces work load and environmental load and improves quantity and quality. The purpose is to provide a method of collecting well.
本発明者らは、鋭意検討することにより、特定の日長時間及び照度でキク科植物を栽培することによって、生育障害にならずに茎部を抽苔できることを見出し、また、抽苔させた茎部を物理的に傷つけて乳液を直接回収することによって、作業負荷や環境負荷を低減し、量や質を向上させたラテックスを効率よく採取できることを見出し、本願発明を完成した。 Through diligent studies, the present inventors have found that by cultivating Asteraceae plants for a specific day for a long time and under illuminance, the stems can be extracted without causing growth disorders, and the stems are extracted. We have found that by physically damaging the stem and directly collecting the emulsion, it is possible to efficiently collect latex with reduced workload and environmental load and improved quantity and quality, and completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は、日長時間が１５時間以上、葉の位置での照度が１６，０００〜２８，０００ｌｘでキク科植物を栽培することによって茎部を抽苔させる栽培工程を含むキク科植物の栽培方法に関する。 That is, the present invention includes a cultivation step of cultivating Asteraceae plants at a day time of 15 hours or more and an illuminance at the leaf position of 16,000 to 28,000 lpx to extract moss on the stems. Regarding the cultivation method of.
上記栽培工程の栽培温度が２１〜２５℃であることが好ましい。 The cultivation temperature in the above cultivation step is preferably 21 to 25 ° C.
前記栽培工程の栽培期間が７週間〜１６週間であることが好ましい。 The cultivation period of the cultivation step is preferably 7 to 16 weeks.
前記栽培工程の栽培湿度が４０％以上であり、
前記茎部の根側端部から生長点までの長さを１００％とした場合に、該根側端部と、該根側端部から生長点方向へ３５％の位置との間の茎部領域に、１枚以上の葉を残して栽培することが好ましい。
The cultivation humidity of the cultivation process is 40% or more,
When the length from the root-side end to the growth point of the stem is 100%, the stem between the root-side end and the position 35% in the growth point direction from the root-side end. It is preferable to cultivate leaving one or more leaves in the area.
前記栽培工程において、生長点付近の葉を傷つけずに栽培することが好ましい。 In the cultivation step, it is preferable to cultivate the leaves near the growing point without damaging them.
前記キク科植物がレタスであることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the Asteraceae plant is lettuce.
本発明はまた、上記キク科植物の栽培方法により得られるキク科植物からのラテックス採取方法であって、抽苔させた前記茎部を物理的に傷つけ、乳液を回収する回収工程と、前記乳液を洗浄処理する洗浄工程とを含むキク科植物からのラテックス採取方法に関する。 The present invention is also a method for collecting latex from Asteraceae plants obtained by the above-mentioned method for cultivating Asteraceae plants, which includes a recovery step of physically damaging the moss-extracted stem and collecting emulsion, and the emulsion. The present invention relates to a method for collecting latex from Asteraceae plants, which includes a cleaning step of cleaning the plant.
上記洗浄工程において、ポリイソプレンを溶解しない溶媒で洗浄することが好ましい。 In the above washing step, it is preferable to wash with a solvent that does not dissolve polyisoprene.
本発明はまた、上記キク科植物からのラテックス採取方法により得られるラテックスから得られるゴムと、添加剤とを混練して混練物を得る混練工程、前記混練物から生タイヤを成形する生タイヤ成形工程、及び前記生タイヤを加硫する加硫工程を含む空気入りタイヤの製造方法に関する。 The present invention also includes a kneading step of kneading a rubber obtained from latex obtained by the method for collecting latex from a plant of the family Kiku and an additive to obtain a kneaded product, and molding a raw tire from the kneaded product to form a raw tire. The present invention relates to a step and a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire including a vulcanization step of vulcanizing the raw tire.
本発明はまた、上記キク科植物からのラテックス採取方法により得られるラテックスから得られるゴムと、添加剤とを混練して混練物を得る混練工程、前記混練物から生ゴム製品を成形する生ゴム製品成形工程、及び前記生ゴム製品を加硫する加硫工程を含むゴム製品の製造方法に関する。 The present invention also includes a kneading step of kneading a rubber obtained from latex obtained by the method for collecting latex from a plant of the family Kiku and an additive to obtain a kneaded product, and molding a raw rubber product for molding a raw rubber product from the kneaded product. The present invention relates to a step and a method for producing a rubber product including a vulcanization step of vulcanizing the raw rubber product.
本発明によれば、特定の日長時間及び照度でキク科植物を栽培することによって茎部を抽苔させるキク科植物の栽培方法であるので、生育障害を抑制しつつ、茎部を抽苔させることができる。また、上記栽培方法によって抽苔させた茎部を物理的に傷つけ、乳液を回収する工程及び洗浄処理工程を有するラテックス採取方法であるので、作業負荷や環境負荷を低減し、量や質を向上させたラテックスを効率よく採取できる。 According to the present invention, since it is a method for cultivating Asteraceae plants by cultivating Asteraceae plants for a specific day for a long time and under illuminance to extract moss on the stems, the stems are extracted while suppressing growth disorders. Can be made to. In addition, since it is a latex collection method that has a step of physically damaging the stem part extracted by the above cultivation method and collecting the milky lotion and a washing treatment step, the work load and the environmental load are reduced, and the quantity and quality are improved. The latex that has been made can be collected efficiently.
＜栽培方法＞
本発明は、日長時間が１５時間以上、葉の位置での照度が１６，０００〜２８，０００ｌｘでキク科植物を栽培することによって茎部を抽苔させる栽培工程を含むキク科植物の栽培方法である。
<Cultivation method>
The present invention cultivates Asteraceae plants including a cultivation step of extracting moss on the stems by cultivating Asteraceae plants at a day time of 15 hours or more and an illuminance at the leaf position of 16,000 to 28,000 lpx. The method.
特定の日長時間及び照度でキク科植物を栽培することによって、生育障害を抑制しつつ、茎部を抽苔させることができ、後の回収工程で、抽苔させた茎部から乳液を回収できるようにすることができる。 By cultivating Asteraceae plants for a specific day for a long time and under illuminance, the stems can be extracted while suppressing growth disorders, and the emulsion is collected from the extracted stems in a later collection process. Can be made possible.
キク科植物としては、特に限定されないが、ノゲシ（Ｓｏｎｃｈｕｓ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅｕｓ）、オニノゲシ（Ｓｏｎｃｈｕｓ ａｓｐｅｒ）、ハチジョウナ（Ｓｏｎｃｈｕｓ ｂｒａｃｈｙｏｔｕｓ）、タイワンハチジョウナ（Ｓｏｎｃｈｕｓ ａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓ）等のＳｏｎｃｈｕｓ属；セイタカアワダチソウ（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｏ ａｌｔｉｓｓｉｍａ）、アキノキリンソウ（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｏ ｖｉｒｇａｕｒｅａ ｓｕｂｓｐ． ａｓｉａｔｉｃａ）、ミヤマアキノキリンソウ（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｏ ｖｉｒｇａｕｒｅａ ｓｕｂｓｐ． ｌｅｉｐｃａｒｐａ）、キリガミネアキノキリンソウ（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｏ ｖｉｒｇａｕｒｅａ ｓｕｂｓｐ． ｌｅｉｐｃａｒｐａ ｆ． ｐａｌｕｄｏｓａ）、オオアキノキリンソウ（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｏ ｖｉｒｇａｕｒｅａ ｓｕｂｓｐ． ｇｉｇａｎｔｅａ）、オオアワダチソウ（Ｓｏｌｉｄａｇｏ ｇｉｇａｎｔｅａ Ａｉｔ． ｖａｒ． ｌｅｉｏｐｈｙｌｌａ Ｆｅｒｎａｌｄ）等のＳｏｌｉｄａｇｏ属；ヒマワリ（Ｈｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ａｎｎｕｕｓ）、シロタエヒマワリ（Ｈｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ａｒｇｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓ）、ヘリアンサス・アトロルベンス（Ｈｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ａｔｒｏｒｕｂｅｎｓ）、ヒメヒマワリ（Ｈｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ｄｅｂｉｌｉｓ）、コヒマワリ（Ｈｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ｄｅｃａｐｅｔａｌｕｓ）、ジャイアントサンフラワー（Ｈｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ｇｉｇａｎｔｅｕｓ）等のＨｅｌｉａｎｔｈｕｓ属；タンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ）、エゾタンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｖｅｎｕｓｔｕｍ Ｈ．Ｋｏｉｄｚ）、シナノタンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｈｏｎｄｏｅｎｓｅ Ｎａｋａｉ）、カントウタンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｐｌａｔｙｃａｒｐｕｍ Ｄａｈｌｓｔ）、カンサイタンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）、セイヨウタンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｅ Ｗｅｂｅｒ）、ロシアンタンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｋｏｋｓａｇｈｙｚ）等のＴａｒａｘａｃｕｍ属；レタス（Ｌａｃｔｕｃａ ｓａｔｉｖａ）、アキノノゲシ（Ｌａｃｔｕｃａ ｉｎｄｉｃａ）等のＬａｃｔｕｃａ属；グアユール（Ｐａｒｈｅｎｉｕｍ ａｒｇｅｎｔａｔｕｍ）、等が挙げられる。なかでも、グアユール（Ｐａｒｈｅｎｉｕｍ ａｒｇｅｎｔａｔｕｍ）、レタス（Ｌａｃｔｕｃａ ｓｅｒｒｉｏｌａ）、ロシアンタンポポ（Ｔａｒａｘａｃｕｍ ｋｏｋｓａｇｈｙｚ）、ノゲシ（Ｓｏｎｃｈｕｓ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅｕｓ）であることが好ましく、レタス（Ｌａｃｔｕｃａ ｓｅｒｒｉｏｌａ）であることがより好ましい。 The dandelion family is not particularly limited, but the genus Sonchus such as dandelion (Sonchus oleraceus), oninogeshi (Sonchus asper), dandelion (Sonchus brachyotus), dandelion dandelion (Sonchus arvensis), genus Sonchus, dandelion, dandelion (Solidago virgaurea subsp. asiatica), Miyama goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea subsp. leipcarpa), Kiri moth Mine goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea subsp. leipcarpa f. paludosa), giant goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantea), Solidago gigantea (Solidago gigantea Ait. var. leiophylla Fernald) Solidago genus and the like; sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Shirota et sunflower (Helianthus argophyllus), Helianthus Atororubensu (Helianthus atrorubens), Hime sunflower (Helianthus debilis), Kohimawari (Helianthus decapetalus), giant sunflower (Helianthus giganteus), etc. of Helianthus spp; dandelion (Taraxacum), Ezotanpopo (Taraxacum venustum H.Koidz), Shinano dandelion (Taraxacum hondoense Nakai), Kanto dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst), Kansai dandelion (Taraxacum japonicum), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber), Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz) and the like; the genus Taraxum; lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Akinonogeshi (Lactuca indica) and the like; the genus Lactuca; guayur (Parhenium argentatum), and the like. Among them, guayule (Parhenium argentatum), lettuce (Lactuca serriola), Russian dandelion (Taraxacum koksaghyz), and sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) are preferable, and lettuce (Lactuka sri) is preferable.
なお、栽培工程において、これらのキク科植物を種子から栽培する場合、種子は遺伝子組換え種子でもよいし、非遺伝子組換え種子でもよい。 When these Asteraceae plants are cultivated from seeds in the cultivation step, the seeds may be genetically modified seeds or non-genetically modified seeds.
本発明の栽培工程では、閉鎖的あるいは半閉鎖的な空間（例えば、植物培養器などの装置内や、ビニールハウス、ガラスハウス、温室、水耕栽培施設、地下室などの施設）において、光や温度等の環境が制御された条件下で栽培することが好ましく、植物培養器で栽培することがより好ましい。これにより、適切な栽培条件を容易に維持管理することができ、自然条件で育てる場合よりも、天候・季節によって収量が異なったり、個体間で大きさ等にバラツキが生じることを防ぐことができる。 In the cultivation process of the present invention, light and temperature are used in a closed or semi-closed space (for example, in a device such as a plant incubator, or in a greenhouse, a glass house, a greenhouse, a hydroponic cultivation facility, a basement room, etc.). It is preferable to cultivate under conditions in which the environment is controlled, such as, and it is more preferable to cultivate in a plant incubator. As a result, appropriate cultivation conditions can be easily maintained and managed, and it is possible to prevent the yield from being different depending on the weather and season and the size and the like from being varied among individuals as compared with the case of growing under natural conditions. ..
本発明の栽培工程における栽培方法は、特に限定されず、水耕栽培、土耕栽培のいずれでも良いが、適切な栽培条件を維持管理できるという点で、水耕栽培で栽培することが好ましい。
栽培工程において、キク科植物を栽培するための支持体（栽培担体）としては、従来慣用の支持体を用いればよく、特に限定されないが、例えば、ロックウール、ウレタンスポンジ、発泡フェノール樹脂等の多孔性成形品；砂、赤玉土等の自然土壌；籾殻燻炭、ココナッツ繊維、バーミキュライト、パーライト、ピートモス、ガラスビーズ等の人工土壌等が挙げられる。
The cultivation method in the cultivation process of the present invention is not particularly limited, and either hydroponics or soil cultivation may be used, but hydroponics is preferable in that appropriate cultivation conditions can be maintained and managed.
In the cultivation process, the support (cultivation carrier) for cultivating the peat moss may be a conventional support, which is not particularly limited, but is, for example, porous such as rock wool, urethane sponge, and foamed phenol resin. Sex molded products; natural soils such as sand and Akadama soil; artificial soils such as paddy husk charcoal, coconut fiber, vermiculite, perlite, peat moss, and glass beads.
栽培工程における葉の位置での照度は、１６，０００ｌｘ以上であり、１７，０００ｌｘ以上が好ましく、１８，０００ｌｘ以上がより好ましい。１６，０００ｌｘ未満であると、軟弱徒長等の生育遅延が生じるおそれがある。また、葉の位置での照度は、２８，０００ｌｘ以下であり、２３，０００ｌｘ以下が好ましく、２０，０００ｌｘ以下がより好ましい。２８，０００ｌｘを超えると、光障害が生じるおそれがある。
なお、本発明において、葉の位置での照度は、ＪＩＳ Ｃ ７６１２に準拠して測定した。
The illuminance at the leaf position in the cultivation step is 16,000 lpx or more, preferably 17,000 lpx or more, and more preferably 18,000 lpx or more. If it is less than 16,000 lpx, there is a risk of growth delay such as weak legginess. The illuminance at the leaf position is 28,000 lpx or less, preferably 23,000 lpx or less, and more preferably 20,000 lpx or less. If it exceeds 28,000 lpx, photodamage may occur.
In the present invention, the illuminance at the leaf position was measured according to JIS C 7612.
上記照度を得るための光源としては、特に限定されず、自然光を利用しても、人工光を利用しても、これらを組み合わせて利用してもよい。人工光を用いる場合、発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）、ハロゲンランプ、白熱電球、蛍光灯、アーク灯、無電極放電灯、低圧放電灯、冷陰極型蛍光管、外部電極型蛍光管、エレクトロルミネセンスライト及びＨＩＤランプ等を使用することができる。ＨＩＤランプとしては、例えば高圧水銀ランプ、メタルハライドランプ、及び高圧ナトリウムランプ等が挙げられる。これらの光源は１種類のみ使用してもよく、２種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。 The light source for obtaining the illuminance is not particularly limited, and natural light, artificial light, or a combination of these may be used. When artificial light is used, light emitting diodes (LEDs), halogen lamps, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, arc lamps, electrodeless discharge lamps, low pressure discharge lamps, cold cathode type fluorescent tubes, external electrode type fluorescent tubes, electroluminescence lights and A HID lamp or the like can be used. Examples of the HID lamp include a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, and a high-pressure sodium lamp. Only one type of these light sources may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
栽培工程における日長時間は、１５時間以上であり、１６時間以上が好ましい。１５時間未満であると、光合成の頻度が少なくなり、生育遅延が生じたり、十分に抽苔しないおそれがある。また、日長時間の上限は特に限定されないが、２２時間以下が好ましく、２０時間以下がより好ましい。２２時間を超えると、葉先き枯れ等の生育障害が生じるおそれがある。 The daily length of time in the cultivation process is 15 hours or more, preferably 16 hours or more. If it is less than 15 hours, the frequency of photosynthesis is reduced, growth may be delayed, and moss may not be sufficiently extracted. The upper limit of the day time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 22 hours or less, and more preferably 20 hours or less. If it exceeds 22 hours, growth disorders such as leaf tip withering may occur.
栽培工程における栽培温度は、２１℃以上が好ましく、２２℃以上がより好ましい。２１℃未満であると、抽苔が遅くなり、十分に抽苔しないおそれがある。また、栽培温度は、２５℃以下が好ましく、２３℃以下がより好ましい。２５℃を超えると、葉先き枯れ等の生育障害が生じるおそれがある。 The cultivation temperature in the cultivation step is preferably 21 ° C. or higher, more preferably 22 ° C. or higher. If the temperature is lower than 21 ° C., the moss extraction will be delayed, and the moss extraction may not be sufficient. The cultivation temperature is preferably 25 ° C. or lower, more preferably 23 ° C. or lower. If the temperature exceeds 25 ° C., growth disorders such as leaf tip withering may occur.
栽培工程における栽培期間は、７週間以上が好ましく、８週間以上がより好ましい。７週間未満であると、茎が十分に抽苔しないおそれがある。また、栽培期間は１６週間以下が好ましく、１３週間以下がより好ましく、１１週間以下が更に好ましい。１６週間を超えると、葉が枯れるおそれがある。 The cultivation period in the cultivation process is preferably 7 weeks or longer, more preferably 8 weeks or longer. If it is less than 7 weeks, the stem may not be sufficiently extracted. The cultivation period is preferably 16 weeks or less, more preferably 13 weeks or less, and even more preferably 11 weeks or less. If it exceeds 16 weeks, the leaves may die.
本発明の栽培方法において、栽培工程の栽培湿度は４０％以上が好ましく、栽培工程において、上記茎部の根側端部（根と茎の境界部分）から生長点までの長さを１００％とした場合に、該根側端部と、該根側端部から生長点方向へ３５％の位置との間の茎部領域に、１枚以上の葉を残して栽培することが好ましい。
なお、本発明において、上記茎部の根側端部とは、支持体に植えられた植物体において、支持体中の植物体部分（根）と支持体から伸びた植物体部分（茎等）との境界部分をいう。
In the cultivation method of the present invention, the cultivation humidity in the cultivation step is preferably 40% or more, and in the cultivation step, the length from the root side end (the boundary portion between the root and the stem) to the growth point of the stem portion is set to 100%. In this case, it is preferable to cultivate one or more leaves in the stem region between the root side end portion and the position 35% from the root side end portion in the growth point direction.
In the present invention, the root end of the stem is the plant portion (root) in the support and the plant portion (stem, etc.) extending from the support in the plant planted on the support. The boundary part with.
栽培工程において、茎部をより効率的に抽苔させるために、下位部の茎部の葉が丸くならないように開くか、下位部の葉を除去することが好ましい。
しかし、後者の場合、葉を除去しすぎると、光合成能力の低下によりゴム生産量が減少すること、植物体内の膨圧の低下により組織を傷つけた際ににじみ出る勢いが減少すること、等の原因により、後の回収工程においてにじみ出る乳液の量が少なくなり、回収が困難になるおそれがある。
そこで、比較的高い栽培湿度で栽培して膨圧の低下を防ぐとともに、下位部の茎部の葉をある程度残しつつ除去することで、茎部をより効率的に抽苔させることができ、にじみ出る乳液の量をより多くすることができる。
In the cultivation process, in order to extract the moss more efficiently, it is preferable to open the lower stem leaves so as not to be rounded or to remove the lower leaves.
However, in the latter case, if the leaves are removed too much, the rubber production will decrease due to the decrease in photosynthetic ability, and the momentum that oozes out when the tissue is damaged due to the decrease in turgor pressure in the plant will decrease. As a result, the amount of milky lotion that oozes out in the subsequent recovery step is reduced, which may make recovery difficult.
Therefore, by cultivating at a relatively high cultivation humidity to prevent the decrease in turgor pressure and removing the leaves of the lower stem part while leaving a certain amount, the stem part can be extracted more efficiently and ooze out. The amount of emulsion can be increased.
栽培工程において、上記茎部の根側端部から生長点までの長さを１００％とした場合に、該根側端部と、該根側端部から生長点方向へ３５％の位置との間の茎部領域Ａに、１枚以上の葉を残して栽培することが好ましい。上記茎部領域Ａの葉をすべて除去してしまうと、後の採取工程においてにじみ出る乳液の量が少なくなり、回収が困難になるおそれがある。 In the cultivation step, when the length from the root-side end to the growth point of the stem is 100%, the root-side end and the position 35% from the root-side end in the growth point direction. It is preferable to cultivate leaving one or more leaves in the stem region A between them. If all the leaves of the stem region A are removed, the amount of milky lotion that oozes out in the subsequent collection step is reduced, which may make recovery difficult.
また、栽培工程において、上記茎部の根側端部（根と茎の境界部分）から生長点までの長さを１００％とした場合に、該根側端部と、該根側端部から生長点方向へｘ％の位置との間の茎部領域Ｂ（図１の茎部領域）の葉をすべて除去することが好ましく、ｘは、３５％未満であることが好ましく、２５％以下であることが好ましく、１５％以下であることがより好ましい。また、ｘは、１％以上であることが好ましく、５％以上であることがより好ましい。
なお、上記茎部領域Ｂ以外の葉は除去しないことが特に好ましい。
上記茎部領域Ｂにおいてのみ葉が除去されていると、下位部の茎部の葉をある程度残しつつ除去することになり、結球することを防ぎ、茎部をより効率的に抽苔させることができ、にじみ出る乳液の量をより多くすることができる。
Further, in the cultivation process, when the length from the root-side end (the boundary between the root and the stem) to the growth point of the stem is 100%, the root-side end and the root-side end It is preferable to remove all the leaves of the stem region B (stem region in FIG. 1) between the position of x% in the growth point direction, and x is preferably less than 35%, preferably 25% or less. It is preferably present, and more preferably 15% or less. Further, x is preferably 1% or more, and more preferably 5% or more.
It is particularly preferable not to remove the leaves other than the stem region B.
If the leaves are removed only in the stem region B, the leaves of the lower stem are removed while leaving a certain amount, which prevents heading and allows the stem to be more efficiently extracted. The amount of milky lotion that oozes out can be increased.
栽培工程における栽培湿度は、４０％以上が好ましく、５０％以上がより好ましく、６０％以上が更に好ましい。また、栽培湿度は、７０％以下が好ましい。上記範囲内であると、本発明の効果がより良好に得られる。
なお、本明細書において、栽培湿度とは、栽培環境下（例えば、植物培養器を用いる場合は、植物培養器内の）の相対湿度を意味する。
The cultivation humidity in the cultivation step is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 50% or more, still more preferably 60% or more. The cultivation humidity is preferably 70% or less. Within the above range, the effect of the present invention can be obtained better.
In the present specification, the cultivation humidity means the relative humidity under the cultivation environment (for example, in the case of using a plant incubator, in the plant incubator).
栽培工程においては、生長点付近の葉を傷つけずに栽培することが好ましい。生長点付近の葉を傷つける（枯れる、ナイフ等で切断、等の場合）と、生育が阻害される等の理由により充分に茎を伸長させることができず、後の採取工程における乳液の採取量が低下するおそれがある。なお、本発明において、生長点付近の葉とは、生長点から１０枚目までの葉を指す。 In the cultivation process, it is preferable to cultivate the leaves near the growing point without damaging them. If the leaves near the growth point are damaged (withered, cut with a knife, etc.), the stems cannot be sufficiently elongated due to reasons such as growth inhibition, and the amount of emulsion collected in the subsequent collection process. May decrease. In the present invention, the leaf near the growth point refers to the tenth leaf from the growth point.
その他の栽培条件としては特に限定されない。また、栽培工程において用いる肥料は、各キク科植物の生育に適した肥料であれば特に限定されず、従来公知のものを使用できる。 Other cultivation conditions are not particularly limited. Further, the fertilizer used in the cultivation process is not particularly limited as long as it is a fertilizer suitable for the growth of each Asteraceae plant, and conventionally known fertilizers can be used.
＜ラテックス採取方法＞
また、本発明は、上記栽培方法により得られるキク科植物からのラテックス採取方法であって、抽苔させた茎部を物理的に傷つけ、乳液を回収する回収工程と、上記乳液を洗浄処理する洗浄工程とを含むキク科植物からのラテックス採取方法である。
<Latex collection method>
Further, the present invention is a method for collecting latex from Asteraceae plants obtained by the above cultivation method, in which a recovery step of physically damaging a moss-extracted stem to collect a milky lotion and a washing treatment of the milky lotion are performed. It is a method for collecting latex from Asteraceae plants including a washing step.
上記採取方法では、茎部を物理的に傷つけ、にじみ出る乳液を回収しているので、有機溶媒による抽出方法に比べて、作業負荷や環境負荷を低減でき、不純成分が少ないラテックスを効率よく採取できる。また、上記栽培方法により得られる茎部が抽苔したキク科植物から乳液を回収しているので、採取できるラテックスの量や質を向上させることができる。 In the above collection method, the stem is physically damaged and the milky lotion that oozes out is collected. Therefore, compared to the extraction method using an organic solvent, the work load and environmental load can be reduced, and latex with less impure components can be efficiently collected. .. Further, since the milky lotion is collected from the Asteraceae plant whose stem is extracted by the above cultivation method, the quantity and quality of the latex that can be collected can be improved.
回収工程において、抽苔させた茎部を物理的に傷つける方法としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ハサミで茎部を切断したり、ナイフで茎部を切る方法等が挙げられる。 The method of physically damaging the moss-extracted stem in the recovery step is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of cutting the stem with scissors and a method of cutting the stem with a knife.
回収工程においては、生長点付近の茎部を物理的に傷つけてゴムを採取することが好ましい。生長点付近の茎部には乳液が豊富に含まれているため、上記茎部を物理的に傷つけることで、ラテックスの量を確保できる。なお、本発明において、生長点付近の茎部とは、生長点と、生長点から５枚目までの葉が生えている茎部との間の茎部を指す。 In the recovery step, it is preferable to physically damage the stem near the growth point to collect the rubber. Since the stem near the growth point contains abundant milky lotion, the amount of latex can be secured by physically damaging the stem. In the present invention, the stem portion near the growth point refers to the stem portion between the growth point and the stem portion on which the fifth leaf is growing from the growth point.
回収工程において、乳液を回収する方法としては、特に限定されず、例えば、スパチュラ等の器具で適宜回収すればよい。 In the recovery step, the method of recovering the emulsion is not particularly limited, and for example, it may be appropriately recovered with an instrument such as a spatula.
洗浄工程において、回収した乳液を洗浄処理する方法としては、特に限定されず、冷却条件下で水、エタノール、メタノール、アセトン等のポリイソプレンを溶解しない溶媒で洗浄する方法が挙げられる。これにより、低分子成分等の不純成分をより除去できる。また、冷却条件下の溶媒で洗浄処理を行うため、ゴム成分の分解をより軽減できる。 In the washing step, the method for washing the recovered emulsion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of washing with a solvent that does not dissolve polyisoprene such as water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone under cooling conditions. Thereby, impure components such as low molecular weight components can be further removed. Further, since the cleaning treatment is performed with a solvent under cooling conditions, the decomposition of the rubber component can be further reduced.
（ゴム製品の製造方法）
本発明のゴム製品の製造方法は、上記ラテックスの採取方法により得られるラテックスから得られるゴムと、添加剤とを混練して混練物を得る混練工程、上記混練物から生ゴム製品を成形する生ゴム製品成形工程、及び上記生ゴム製品を加硫する加硫工程を含むゴム製品の製造方法である。
なお、本発明のゴム製品の製造方法及び空気入りタイヤの製造方法において、上記ラテックスの採取方法により得られるラテックスとしては、上記回収工程によって得られるラテックスでも良いし、上記洗浄工程によって得られるラテックスでも良い。
(Manufacturing method of rubber products)
The method for producing a rubber product of the present invention includes a kneading step of kneading a rubber obtained from the latex obtained by the above-mentioned latex collection method and an additive to obtain a kneaded product, and a raw rubber product for molding a raw rubber product from the above-mentioned kneaded product. It is a method for producing a rubber product including a molding step and a vulcanization step of vulcanizing the above-mentioned raw rubber product.
In the rubber product manufacturing method and the pneumatic tire manufacturing method of the present invention, the latex obtained by the latex collecting method may be the latex obtained by the recovery step or the latex obtained by the cleaning step. good.
ゴム製品としては、ゴム（好ましくは天然ゴム）を使用して製造できるゴム製品であれば特に限定されず、例えば、空気入りタイヤ、ゴムクローラ、ゴム防舷材等が挙げられる。 The rubber product is not particularly limited as long as it is a rubber product that can be manufactured using rubber (preferably natural rubber), and examples thereof include pneumatic tires, rubber crawlers, and rubber fenders.
ゴム製品が空気入りタイヤの場合、すなわち、本発明のゴム製品の製造方法が本発明の空気入りタイヤの製造方法の場合、上記生ゴム製品成形工程は、上記混練物から生タイヤを成形する生タイヤ成形工程に、上記加硫工程は、上記生タイヤを加硫する加硫工程に相当する。すなわち、本発明の空気入りタイヤの製造方法は、上記ラテックスの採取方法により得られるラテックスから得られるゴムと、添加剤とを混練して混練物を得る混練工程、上記混練物から生タイヤを成形する生タイヤ成形工程、及び上記生タイヤを加硫する加硫工程を含む空気入りタイヤの製造方法である。 When the rubber product is a pneumatic tire, that is, when the method for manufacturing the rubber product of the present invention is the method for manufacturing the pneumatic tire of the present invention, the raw rubber product molding step is a raw tire for molding the raw tire from the kneaded product. In the molding step, the vulcanization step corresponds to a vulcanization step of vulcanizing the raw tire. That is, the method for producing a pneumatic tire of the present invention is a kneading step of kneading a rubber obtained from the latex obtained by the method for collecting latex and an additive to obtain a kneaded product, and molding a raw tire from the kneaded product. This is a method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire, which includes a process of forming a raw tire and a vulcanization step of vulcanizing the raw tire.
＜混練工程＞
混練工程では、上記ラテックスの採取方法により得られるラテックスから得られるゴムと、添加剤とを混練して混練物を得る。
<Kneading process>
In the kneading step, the rubber obtained from the latex obtained by the above-mentioned latex collection method and the additive are kneaded to obtain a kneaded product.
上記ラテックスの採取方法により得られるラテックスから得られるゴムは、上記ラテックスの採取方法により採取したラテックスを以下の固化工程に供することにより得られる。 The rubber obtained from the latex obtained by the latex collecting method can be obtained by subjecting the latex collected by the latex collecting method to the following solidification step.
＜固化工程＞
上記ラテックスの採取方法により採取したラテックスは、固化工程に供される。固化する方法としては、特に限定されず、エタノール、メタノール、アセトン等のポリイソプレノイド（天然ゴム）を溶解しない溶媒にラテックスを添加する方法やラテックスに酸を添加する方法等が挙げられる。固化工程を行うことにより、ラテックスからゴム（天然ゴム）を固形分として回収できる。得られたゴム（天然ゴム）は、必要に応じて乾燥してから使用すればよい。
<solidification process>
The latex collected by the above-mentioned latex collection method is subjected to a solidification step. The method for solidifying is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of adding latex to a solvent that does not dissolve polyisoprenoid (natural rubber) such as ethanol, methanol, and acetone, and a method of adding acid to latex. By performing the solidification step, rubber (natural rubber) can be recovered as a solid content from latex. The obtained rubber (natural rubber) may be used after being dried if necessary.
添加剤としては特に限定されず、ゴム製品の製造に用いられる添加剤を使用できる。例えば、ゴム製品が空気入りタイヤの場合、例えば、上記ラテックスから得られたゴム以外のゴム成分、カーボンブラック、シリカ、炭酸カルシウム、アルミナ、クレー、タルクなどの補強用充填剤、シランカップリング剤、酸化亜鉛、ステアリン酸、加工助剤、各種老化防止剤、オイルなどの軟化剤、ワックス、硫黄などの加硫剤、加硫促進剤等が挙げられる。 The additive is not particularly limited, and an additive used in the production of rubber products can be used. For example, when the rubber product is a pneumatic tire, for example, a rubber component other than rubber obtained from the above latex, a reinforcing filler such as carbon black, silica, calcium carbonate, alumina, clay, talc, a silane coupling agent, etc. Examples thereof include zinc oxide, stearic acid, processing aids, various antioxidants, softeners such as oil, vulcanizing agents such as wax and sulfur, and vulcanization accelerators.
混練工程における混練は、オープンロール、バンバリーミキサー、密閉式混練機などのゴム混練装置を用いて行えばよい。 The kneading in the kneading step may be carried out by using a rubber kneading device such as an open roll, a Banbury mixer, or a closed kneader.
＜生ゴム製品成形工程（タイヤの場合は生タイヤ成形工程）＞
生ゴム製品成形工程では、混練工程により得られた混練物から生ゴム製品（タイヤの場合は生タイヤ）を成形する。
生ゴム製品の成形方法としては特に限定されず、生ゴム製品の成形に用いられる方法を適宜適用すればよい。例えば、ゴム製品が空気入りタイヤの場合、混練工程により得られた混練物を、各タイヤ部材の形状に合わせて押し出し加工し、タイヤ成型機上にて通常の方法にて成形し、各タイヤ部材を貼り合わせ、生タイヤ（未加硫タイヤ）を成形すればよい。
<Raw rubber product molding process (raw tire molding process for tires)>
In the raw rubber product molding step, a raw rubber product (raw tire in the case of a tire) is molded from the kneaded product obtained in the kneading step.
The method for molding the raw rubber product is not particularly limited, and the method used for molding the raw rubber product may be appropriately applied. For example, when the rubber product is a pneumatic tire, the kneaded product obtained in the kneading process is extruded according to the shape of each tire member, molded by a normal method on a tire molding machine, and each tire member. The tires may be bonded together to form a raw tire (unvulcanized tire).
＜加硫工程＞
加硫工程では、生ゴム製品成形工程により得られた生ゴム製品を加硫することにより、ゴム製品が得られる。
生ゴム製品を加硫する方法としては特に限定されず、生ゴム製品の加硫に用いられる方法を適宜適用すればよい。例えば、ゴム製品が空気入りタイヤの場合、生ゴム製品成形工程により得られた生タイヤ（未加硫タイヤ）を加硫機中で加熱加圧して加硫することにより空気入りタイヤが得られる。
<Vulcanization process>
In the vulcanization step, a rubber product is obtained by vulcanizing the raw rubber product obtained in the raw rubber product molding step.
The method for vulcanizing the raw rubber product is not particularly limited, and the method used for vulcanizing the raw rubber product may be appropriately applied. For example, when the rubber product is a pneumatic tire, the pneumatic tire can be obtained by heating and pressurizing the raw tire (unvulcanized tire) obtained in the raw rubber product molding step in a vulcanizer and vulcanizing it.
実施例に基づいて、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらのみに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be specifically described based on Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
＜表１の実験方法＞
［実施例１］
（栽培条件）
レタス品種：カイザー（タキイ種苗（株）製）
葉の位置での照度：１８，０００ｌｘ
光源：蛍光灯
日長時間：１６時間
栽培温度：２２℃（終日）
培養液：ハイポニカ液肥（５００倍希釈）（協和（株）製）
栽培方法：水耕栽培（ロックウールにて植物体保持）
栽培期間：播種後９週間
<Experimental method in Table 1>
[Example 1]
(Cultivation conditions)
Lettuce variety: Kaiser (manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.)
Illuminance at leaf position: 18,000 lpx
Light source: Fluorescent lamp Long day: 16 hours Cultivation temperature: 22 ° C (all day)
Culture solution: Hyponica liquid fertilizer (diluted 500 times) (manufactured by Kyowa Co., Ltd.)
Cultivation method: Hydroponics (maintaining plants with rock wool)
Cultivation period: 9 weeks after sowing
（栽培方法）
ロックウール（支持体）に光が当たるように２粒の種（カイザー）を蒔いた。これを３セット用意し、等間隔になるように水切りザルにセットした（ザルを３鉢分準備、計９個体）。水切りザルにハイポニカ液肥（５００倍希釈）を２００ｍｌ注ぎ、ロックウールを浸らせた。上記栽培条件の植物培養器にロックウールを静置し、この条件を維持した。発根が確認され、形態に異常が無い方を残し、もう片方を間引きした。
培養液の交換は週２回実施した。根が発達していない期間はこまめに脱イオン水を添加した。根が発達してからは水分を与え過ぎないように調整した。光が各個体に均等に当たるように植物培養器内で毎日ローテーションを実施した。
(Cultivation method)
Two seeds (Kaiser) were sown so that the rock wool (support) would be exposed to light. Three sets of this were prepared and set in draining colanders at equal intervals (preparation of three colanders, a total of nine individuals). 200 ml of Hyponica liquid fertilizer (diluted 500 times) was poured into a drained colander, and rock wool was soaked. Rock wool was allowed to stand in a plant incubator under the above cultivation conditions, and this condition was maintained. Rooting was confirmed, leaving the one with no abnormalities in morphology and thinning out the other.
The culture solution was exchanged twice a week. Deionized water was added frequently during the period when the roots were not developing. After the roots had developed, they were adjusted so as not to give too much water. Daily rotation was performed in the plant incubator so that the light was evenly applied to each individual.
（ラテックス採取方法及び採取量の測定）
播種から９週目におけるカイザーの茎（抽苔した茎）の生長点から下部へ向けてナイフで傷をつけ、切り口からにじみ出る乳液を氷冷したガラス容器に回収した。切り方は上位葉３−５枚目まで徐々に切り出した。植物体あたり５分以内で作業を終了した。氷冷したエタノールを５ｍｌ加え、終夜静置した。エタノールを取り除き、蒸発乾固させ、乾燥質量を測定した（採取量）。
(Latex collection method and measurement of collection amount)
At 9 weeks after sowing, Kaiser's stem (stem extracted from moss) was scratched from the growth point toward the bottom with a knife, and the milky lotion oozing from the cut end was collected in an ice-cooled glass container. The cutting method was gradually cut out to the 3rd to 5th upper leaves. The work was completed within 5 minutes per plant. 5 ml of ice-cooled ethanol was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight. Ethanol was removed, the mixture was evaporated to dryness, and the dry mass was measured (collected amount).
（高分子量成分測定可否）
上記で蒸発乾固させたものをＴＨＦに溶解し終夜静置した。ろ過後、ＧＰＣ（ＨＬＣ−８３２０ＧＰＣ（ＴＳＫｇｅｌ ＳＭ ＨＺ−Ｈ 排除限界４０００万、高分子用））で分析して、高分子量成分（ゴム）のピークトップを確認し、高分子量成分の重量平均分子量を測定した。
(Measurement of high molecular weight components)
What was evaporated to dryness above was dissolved in THF and allowed to stand overnight. After filtration, analysis by GPC (HLC-8320GPC (TSKgel SM HZ-H exclusion limit 40 million, for polymer)) is performed to confirm the peak top of the high molecular weight component (rubber), and the weight average molecular weight of the high molecular weight component is determined. It was measured.
［比較例１］
（栽培方法）
表１の栽培条件で、食品向けに結球させる従来公知の栽培方法（土耕栽培、光源：自然光）で栽培を行った。
[Comparative Example 1]
(Cultivation method)
Under the cultivation conditions shown in Table 1, cultivation was carried out by a conventionally known cultivation method (soil cultivation, light source: natural light) of heading for food.
（ラテックス採取方法及び分析方法）
比較例１のレタスは結球し、茎部が抽苔しなかったため、ラテックスの採取はできず、ＧＰＣによる分析は行わなかった。
(Latex collection method and analysis method)
Since the lettuce of Comparative Example 1 was headed and the stem was not extracted, latex could not be collected and analysis by GPC was not performed.
［比較例２及び３］
（栽培方法）
表１の栽培条件で、その他は実施例１と同様の方法で栽培を行った。
[Comparative Examples 2 and 3]
(Cultivation method)
Under the cultivation conditions shown in Table 1, cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
（ラテックス採取方法及び分析方法）
比較例２のレタスの茎部は十分抽苔しなかったため、ラテックスの採取が難しく、ＧＰＣによる分析は行わなかった。
比較例３のレタスは生育障害（軟弱徒長）が起きたため、ラテックスの採取はできず、ＧＰＣによる分析は行わなかった。
(Latex collection method and analysis method)
Since the stem of the lettuce of Comparative Example 2 was not sufficiently extracted, it was difficult to collect latex, and GPC analysis was not performed.
Latex could not be collected from the lettuce of Comparative Example 3 due to growth disorders (weak legginess), and GPC analysis was not performed.
表１の結果から、特定の日長時間及び照度による栽培方法であると、生育障害を抑制しつつ、茎部を抽苔させることができ、十分量のラテックスを確保できることがわかった。 From the results in Table 1, it was found that when the cultivation method was carried out for a specific day for a long time and under illuminance, the stems could be moss-extracted while suppressing growth disorders, and a sufficient amount of latex could be secured.
＜表２の実験方法＞
［実施例２〜４］
レタス品種：カイザー（タキイ種苗（株）製）
栽培方法：水耕栽培（ロックウールにて植物体保持）
栽培期間：播種後９週間
栽培温度：２２℃（終日）
葉の位置での照度：１８，０００ｌｘ
光源：蛍光灯
日長時間：１６時間
湿度：表２に記載
肥料：ハイポニカ液肥（５００倍希釈）（協和（株）製）。
<Experimental method in Table 2>
[Examples 2 to 4]
Lettuce variety: Kaiser (manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.)
Cultivation method: Hydroponics (maintaining plants with rock wool)
Cultivation period: 9 weeks after sowing Cultivation temperature: 22 ° C (all day)
Illuminance at leaf position: 18,000 lpx
Light source: Fluorescent lamp Long day: 16 hours Humidity: Listed in Table 2 Fertilizer: Hyponica liquid fertilizer (diluted 500 times) (manufactured by Kyowa Co., Ltd.).
（栽培方法）
ロックウール（支持体）に光が当たるように２粒の種（カイザー）を蒔いた。これを３セット用意し、等間隔になるように水切りザルにセットした（計３個体）。水切りザルにハイポニカ液肥（５００倍希釈）を２００ｍｌ注ぎ、ロックウールを浸らせた。上記栽培条件の植物培養器にロックウールを静置し、この条件を維持した。発根が確認され、形態に異常が無い方を残し、もう片方を間引きした。
培養液の交換は週２回実施した。根が発達していない期間はこまめに脱イオン水を添加した。根が発達してからは水分を与え過ぎないように調整した。光が各個体に均等に当たるように植物培養器内で毎日ローテーションを実施した。なお、各例において、適宜、表２に記載の葉が存在しない根側の茎部領域の葉をすべて除去し、その他の領域では葉の除去を行わなかった。
表２中、葉が存在しない根側の茎部領域が１０％とは、上記茎部の根側端部から生長点までの長さを１００％とした場合に、該根側端部と、該根側端部から生長点方向へ１０％の位置との間の茎部領域の葉がすべて除去されていることを意味する。
(Cultivation method)
Two seeds (Kaiser) were sown so that the rock wool (support) would be exposed to light. Three sets of these were prepared and set in a drainer colander at equal intervals (a total of three individuals). 200 ml of Hyponica liquid fertilizer (diluted 500 times) was poured into a drained colander, and rock wool was soaked. Rock wool was allowed to stand in a plant incubator under the above cultivation conditions, and this condition was maintained. Rooting was confirmed, leaving the one with no abnormalities in morphology and thinning out the other.
The culture solution was exchanged twice a week. Deionized water was added frequently during the period when the roots were not developing. After the roots had developed, they were adjusted so as not to give too much water. Daily rotation was performed in the plant incubator so that the light was evenly applied to each individual. In each example, all the leaves in the stem region on the root side where the leaves shown in Table 2 did not exist were removed, and the leaves were not removed in the other regions.
In Table 2, 10% of the root-side stem region without leaves means that the root-side end and the root-side end when the length from the root-side end to the growth point of the stem is 100%. It means that all the leaves in the stem region between the root side end and the 10% position in the growth point direction have been removed.
（ラテックス採取方法及び採取量の測定）
栽培したレタスの茎を先端（生長点）から切断し、切り口からにじみ出る乳液をスパチュラで氷冷したガラス容器に回収した。切り方はハサミ（医療用）にて上位葉３−５枚目のところまで徐々に切り出した。植物体あたり５分以内で作業を終了した。冷却した１００％エタノールを５ｍＬ加え、一晩室温・遮光し静置した。エタノールを取り除き蒸発乾固させ、乾燥質量を測定した（採取量）。１ｍｇ以上採取できた場合を○、１ｍｇ未満しか採取できなかった場合を△、採取不可能だった場合を×とした。
(Latex collection method and measurement of collection amount)
The stalks of the cultivated lettuce were cut from the tip (growth point), and the milky lotion oozing from the cut end was collected in an ice-cooled glass container with a spatula. The cutting method was to gradually cut out to the 3rd to 5th upper leaves with scissors (medical use). The work was completed within 5 minutes per plant. 5 mL of cooled 100% ethanol was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight in the dark. Ethanol was removed, the mixture was evaporated to dryness, and the dry mass was measured (collected amount). The case where 1 mg or more could be collected was evaluated as ◯, the case where less than 1 mg could be collected was evaluated as Δ, and the case where collection was not possible was evaluated as ×.
表２の結果から、栽培湿度が４０％以上であり、かつ、茎部の根側端部から生長点までの長さを１００％とした場合に、該根側端部と、該根側端部から生長点方向３５％の位置との間の茎部領域に、１枚以上の葉を残して栽培すると、にじみ出る乳液の量をより多くできることがわかった。 From the results in Table 2, when the cultivation humidity is 40% or more and the length from the root side end of the stem to the growth point is 100%, the root side end and the root side end It was found that the amount of milky lotion that oozes out can be increased by cultivating one or more leaves in the stem region between the part and the position 35% in the growth point direction.
＜表３の実験方法＞
（栽培方法）
［実施例５及び比較例４〜６］
表１の実施例１と同様にしてレタスを栽培した。
<Experimental method in Table 3>
(Cultivation method)
[Example 5 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6]
Lettuce was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 of Table 1.
（ラテックス採取方法）
［実施例５：物理的採取方法］
栽培したレタスの茎を先端（生長点）から切断し、切り口からにじみ出る乳液を氷冷したガラス容器に回収した。切り方はハサミ（医療用）にて上位葉３−５枚目のところまで徐々に切り出した。植物体あたり５分以内で作業を終了した。冷却した１００％エタノールを５ｍＬ加え、一晩室温で静置した。エタノールを取り除き蒸発乾固させた。
(Latex collection method)
[Example 5: Physical sampling method]
The stalks of the cultivated lettuce were cut from the tip (growth point), and the milky lotion oozing from the cut end was collected in an ice-cooled glass container. The cutting method was to gradually cut out to the 3rd to 5th upper leaves with scissors (medical use). The work was completed within 5 minutes per plant. 5 mL of cooled 100% ethanol was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. Ethanol was removed and the mixture was evaporated to dryness.
［比較例４：抽出法］
生長点付近の茎部の組織を液体窒素で凍結し、乳鉢乳棒を用いて破砕した。凍結乾燥機で乾燥させた。乾燥サンプルを金属メッシュ筒に入れた。メタノールで３時間攪拌し（２回繰り返す）、脱色した。アセトンに置換し攪拌後、室温で一晩静置した。トルエンを用いてソックスレー抽出した（４時間）。抽出後のトルエンを遠心エバポレーターで蒸発乾固させた。
[Comparative Example 4: Extraction Method]
The tissue of the stem near the growth point was frozen in liquid nitrogen and crushed using a mortar and pestle. It was dried in a freeze dryer. The dried sample was placed in a metal mesh tube. The mixture was stirred with methanol for 3 hours (repeated twice) and decolorized. After replacing with acetone and stirring, the mixture was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. Soxhlet extraction with toluene (4 hours). The extracted toluene was evaporated to dryness on a centrifugal evaporator.
［比較例５：抽出法］
生長点付近の茎部の組織を液体窒素で凍結し、乳鉢乳棒を用いて破砕した。トルエンを用いてソックスレー抽出した（４時間）。抽出後のトルエンを遠心エバポレーターで蒸発乾固させた。
[Comparative Example 5: Extraction Method]
The tissue of the stem near the growth point was frozen in liquid nitrogen and crushed using a mortar and pestle. Soxhlet extraction with toluene (4 hours). The extracted toluene was evaporated to dryness on a centrifugal evaporator.
［比較例６：抽出法］
乳鉢乳棒を用いて破砕する人力的手法に代えて、ブレンダーを用いて破砕する機械的手法を使用した以外は、比較例１と同様にして実験を行った。
[Comparative Example 6: Extraction Method]
The experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that a mechanical method of crushing using a blender was used instead of the human-powered method of crushing using a mortar and pestle.
＜評価方法＞
以下の方法で、評価を行った。
<Evaluation method>
The evaluation was performed by the following method.
（サンプルのハンドリング数）
一度の実験で処理できる数とした。
(Number of sample handling)
The number was set so that it could be processed in one experiment.
（環境負荷）
採取方法において、有機溶媒を使用する場合を「高」、使用しない場合を「低」と評価した。「低」であると環境負荷が小さいことを示す。
(Environmental load)
In the sampling method, the case where the organic solvent was used was evaluated as "high", and the case where the organic solvent was not used was evaluated as "low". "Low" indicates that the environmental load is small.
（作業負荷レベル）
作業における肘や肩等の各動作の頻度や強さを総合評価して定量化し、作業の人体への負荷度合いを算出するエルゴノミクス（人間工学）的観点から評価した。すり潰す（破砕）作業は負荷度合いが高いため、破砕作業を含む場合を「高」、含まない場合を「低」と評価した。「低」であると作業負荷が小さいことを示す。
(Work load level)
The frequency and strength of each movement of the elbow and shoulder during work were comprehensively evaluated and quantified, and the degree of load on the human body of the work was calculated from the viewpoint of ergonomics (ergonomics). Since the grind (crushing) work has a high load, the case where the crushing work is included is evaluated as "high", and the case where the crushing work is not included is evaluated as "low". “Low” indicates that the workload is small.
（Ｓ／Ｎ比）
実施例５及び比較例４〜６をＧＰＣ（ＨＬＣ−８３２０ＧＰＣ（ＴＳＫｇｅｌ ＳＭ ＨＺ−Ｈ 排除限界４０００万、高分子用））で分析し、高分子量成分（ゴム）と低分子量成分のピークの高さから、試料に含まれているそれぞれの量の割合を、Ｓ／Ｎ比として表３に示した。Ｓ／Ｎ比が大きいほど、精度が高く、ラテックスの質が良いことを示す。
(S / N ratio)
Examples 5 and 4 to 6 were analyzed by GPC (HLC-8320 GPC (TSKgel SM HZ-H exclusion limit 40 million, for polymer)), and the peak heights of the high molecular weight component (rubber) and the low molecular weight component were analyzed. Therefore, the ratio of each amount contained in the sample is shown in Table 3 as an S / N ratio. The larger the S / N ratio, the higher the accuracy and the better the quality of the latex.
表３の結果から、上記栽培方法によって抽苔させた茎部を物理的に傷つけ、乳液を回収し洗浄処理するラテックス採取方法であると、作業負荷や環境負荷を低減し、質を向上させたラテックスを効率よく採取できることがわかった。 From the results in Table 3, the latex collection method in which the stems extracted by the above cultivation method are physically damaged, and the emulsion is collected and washed is used to reduce the work load and the environmental load and improve the quality. It was found that latex can be collected efficiently.
Claims (10)
前記栽培工程において、前記茎部の根側端部から生長点までの長さを１００％とした場合に、該根側端部と、該根側端部から生長点方向へ３５％の位置との間の茎部領域に、１枚以上の葉を残して栽培するキク科植物の栽培方法。 Day long period of time is 15 hours or more, only including the cultivation step of bolting the stem by the illuminance at the position of the leaves to grow the Asteraceae plant in 16,000~28,000lx,
In the cultivation step, when the length from the root-side end of the stem to the growth point is 100%, the root-side end and the position of 35% from the root-side end to the growth point are defined. A method of cultivating Asteraceae plants that are cultivated leaving one or more leaves in the stem area between them .
抽苔させた前記茎部を物理的に傷つけ、乳液を回収する回収工程と、
前記乳液を洗浄処理する洗浄工程とを含むキク科植物からのラテックス採取方法。 A method for collecting latex from Asteraceae plants obtained by the method for cultivating Asteraceae plants according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
A recovery step of physically damaging the moss-extracted stem to recover the milky lotion,
A method for collecting latex from Asteraceae plants, which comprises a washing step of washing the emulsion.
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