JP6808682B2 - Inspection device and inspection method for joint members - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an inspection device and an inspection method for joint members. More specifically, the probe that penetrates a plurality of members to be joined and incidents ultrasonic waves on the joining member and receives the reflected wave from the joining member, and the reflected wave received by the probe. The present invention relates to an inspection device and an inspection method for a joint member including a signal processing unit for evaluating cracks in the joint member based on the above.

Conventionally, rivet joining (rivet joint) has been performed as a means for joining a plurality of members (members to be joined) such as a plate-shaped member. In rivet joining, the hole of the member to be joined to which the rivet joins acts as a stop hole for cracking, and it does not break instantly due to brittle fracture, so it is more reliable than welding and is often used in joints such as ships and bridges. Although it has been adopted, a method for confirming (inspecting) the soundness such as deterioration over time after joining has not been established. As the method, tapping sound and visual inspection are carried out, but since it depends on the skill of the operator, a non-destructive inspection method capable of quantitative evaluation has been required. Further, when rivet joining is used in a large amount, improvement of inspection efficiency is also required.

On the other hand, for example, an inspection method as described in Patent Document 1 is known. In this method, the tip of the rivet is crushed to form a crimped portion, a pulse is transmitted to the member surface on the crimped portion side, and among the pulses, the component of the transmitted pulse propagated from the member surface to the crimped portion and the rivet. The components of the transmitted pulse propagated to the crimped portion via the axis are received on the surface of the crimped portion of the rivet, the arrival time of each transmitted pulse and the height of the transmitted pulse are measured, and both transmitted pulses are measured in advance. The state of the rivet is judged by comparing with the transmitted pulse at the measured normal junction. However, it is often difficult to arrange the transmitting probe and the receiving probe in close proximity due to the shape and dimensions of the surrounding structure, and the inspection target is limited. Moreover, even if the part can be inspected, if the head of the rivet is not flat, the contact state of both the transmitting probe and the receiving probe may not be stable, and the detection accuracy may decrease. It was.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-249474

In view of such conventional circumstances, the present invention provides an inspection device and an inspection method for a joining member capable of easily and accurately determining the presence or absence of cracks in the boundary between the shaft portion and the head portion of the joining member. The purpose is.

In order to achieve the above object, the feature of the joining member inspection apparatus according to the present invention is that ultrasonic waves are incident on the joining member that penetrates a plurality of joined members and joins them, and the reflected wave from the joining member is received. In a configuration including a probe to be used and a signal processing unit for evaluating cracks in the joint member based on the reflected wave received by the probe, the joint member is a shaft portion penetrating the joint member. The head has a head portion having a diameter larger than that of the shaft portion and protruding from the surface of the member to be joined, and the head portion has a curved surface portion having a constant curved shape on at least a part of the outer surface. The probe is attached to a wedge member having a scanning surface that substantially coincides with the curved surface portion, and the probe causes the ultrasonic wave to be incident on the head through the wedge member. The transverse wave and the longitudinal wave are propagated to the joining member and scanned along the curved surface portion, and the signal processing unit has the shaft portion and the ultrasonic wave based on the reflected wave of the transverse wave among the received reflected waves. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of cracks at the boundary with the incident head.

The joint member to be inspected has a shaft portion penetrating the joint member and a head portion having a diameter larger than that of the shaft portion and protruding from the surface of the joint member. The head has a curved surface portion having a constant curvature shape at least a part of the outer surface. In such a joining member, cracks occur from the outside to the center of the shaft at the boundary between the head and the shaft on which the probe is placed. Therefore, the reflected wave from the crack and the reflected wave from the seating surface of the head appear at substantially the same position, and it becomes difficult to identify the signal caused by the crack.

According to the above configuration, the probe is attached to a wedge member having a scanning surface that substantially coincides with the curved surface portion, and the probe is joined by injecting ultrasonic waves into the head through the wedge member. Transverse waves and longitudinal waves are propagated to the member and scanned along the curved surface portion. Here, since the longitudinal wave has a slower directivity than the transverse wave and propagates, the longitudinal wave propagating in the head is reflected on the seating surface of the head facing (contacting) the surface of the crack and the member to be joined. To do. On the other hand, since the transverse wave has a sharp directivity, most of the transverse waves propagating in the head do not propagate (reach) to the seating surface of the head, but propagate toward the first boundary. Therefore, the signal processing unit can determine whether or not there is a crack in the boundary portion between the shaft portion and the head portion on which the ultrasonic wave is incident, based on the reflected wave of the transverse wave among the received reflected waves.

In the above configuration, it is desirable that the signal processing unit generate a scanned image of the received reflected wave. This makes it easy to visually determine the presence or absence of cracks. In such a case, the scanned image may be the one when scanning between the edge and the top of the head. By scanning between the edge and the top of the head, the center of the longitudinal ultrasonic beam is always located near the boundary between the shaft of the joining member and the head where the ultrasonic waves are incident. , Both the reflected signal from the seat surface and the reflected signal from the crack can be obtained. Therefore, the reflected signals due to the longitudinal waves serve as markers, and the reflected signals from the cracks due to the transverse waves can be easily detected (identified). Then, the scanned image may be, for example, a B-scan image, or may be an A-scan image.

In addition to any of the above configurations, the signal processing unit may include the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the seating surface of the head and the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the crack among the received reflected waves. The depth of the crack may be estimated based on the above. As described above, the longitudinal wave propagating in the head has a dull directivity and spreads and propagates, so that it is reflected by the crack and the seat surface. As the probe that detects the crack moves from the edge of the head to the top, the crack extends (becomes larger) from the outer surface of the shaft toward the center of the shaft due to shear stress, and from the probe to the crack. The propagation distance of the longitudinal wave of is long. Therefore, the depth of the crack can be estimated based on the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the seating surface of the head and the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the crack.

Further, in any of the above configurations, the probe may be a longitudinal wave vertical probe. Further, the outer surface of the head has a spherical shape, for example.

In order to achieve the above object, the feature of the method for inspecting a joint member according to the present invention is that ultrasonic waves are incident on the joint member that penetrates a plurality of members to be joined and joins them with a probe, and the ultrasonic waves are incident on the joint member. In a method for inspecting a joint member that receives a reflected wave and evaluates cracks in the joint member based on the reflected wave received by the probe, the joint member includes a shaft portion penetrating the joint member and the shaft portion. It has a head portion having a diameter larger than that of the shaft portion and projecting from the surface of the member to be joined, and the head portion has a curved surface portion having a constant curved shape on at least a part of the outer surface, and the probe has a curved surface portion. The child is attached to a wedge member having a scanning surface that substantially coincides with the curved surface portion, and the ultrasonic wave is incident on the head from the probe through the wedge member to cause a transverse wave to the joint member. And the longitudinal wave is propagated, the probe is scanned along the curved surface portion, and the shaft portion and the head portion to which the ultrasonic wave is incident based on the reflected wave of the transverse wave among the received reflected waves. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of cracks at the boundary with.

In such a case, the probe may be scanned from the edge of the head toward the top, and the scanning may be repeated in the circumferential direction of the head. As a result, the entire circumference of the boundary portion of the joining member can be efficiently inspected.

Further, in addition to any of the above configurations, the crack is based on the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the seating surface of the head and the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the crack among the received reflected waves. You may try to estimate the depth of.

According to the characteristics of the inspection device and the inspection method for the joint member according to the present invention, it has become possible to easily and accurately determine the presence or absence of cracks in the boundary portion between the shaft portion and the head portion of the joint member.

Other objects, configurations and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the sections of embodiments of the invention below.

It is the schematic which shows the inspection apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining the ultrasonic wave transmission position with respect to the crack D22D3 of a joint member. It is a figure which shows typically the reflected wave when the ultrasonic wave is incident on the crack D1 of a joining member. It is a figure explaining the propagation of the incident longitudinal wave and transverse wave. It is a figure explaining the propagation state of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave in the vicinity of the edge portion of a joining member. It is a figure explaining the propagation state of a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave near the top of a joining member. It is a figure which shows an example of a scanning path. It is a figure which shows another example of a scanning path. It is a figure which shows an example of the B scan image in the test body provided with the artificial defect of 1mm depth. It is a figure which shows an example of the B scan image in the test body provided with the artificial defect of the depth 2mm. It is a figure which shows an example of the B scan image in the test body provided with the artificial defect of the depth 3mm. It is a figure which shows an example of the A scan image in the test body provided with the artificial defect of 1mm depth, the upper part shows the A scan image which scanned the artificial defect part, and the lower part shows the A scan image which scanned the sound part.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate.
As shown in FIG. 1, the inspection device 1 according to the present invention generally includes a probe 2 for incidenting ultrasonic waves P on the joining member 100 and receiving a reflected wave Q from the joining member 100, and a probe 2 A signal processing unit 3 that evaluates a crack D1 in the joining member 100 based on the reflected wave Q received in

As shown in FIG. 1, the joining member 100 to be inspected in the present embodiment is, for example, a rivet for joining a plurality of plate-shaped joined members 111 and 112 as the joined body 110. The rivet 100 as a joining member has a shaft portion 102 penetrating through the through holes 110a of the joined members 111 and 112 and a diameter larger than that of the shaft portion 102 and protrudes from the surface 110b of the joined body 110 (joined member 111). It consists of a pair of heads 101A and 101B. In the present embodiment, the outer surfaces 103 of the heads 101A and 101B of the rivet 100 have a substantially spherical shape. Further, the entire outer surface 103 becomes a curved surface portion having a constant curvature shape. Further, the heads 101A and 101B have a seat surface 105 facing (contacting) the surface 110b of the body to be joined 110 (member to be joined 111), and an edge portion 107 located on the outer side of the shaft portion 102.

In such a rivet joint, as shown in FIG. 2, since the shear stress f by the plate-shaped members to be joined 111 and 112 is applied to the rivet 100, each boundary portion between the head portions 101A and 101B and the shaft portion 102 is formed. Cracks D1 to D3 are generated in the portions 112N facing the 104A and 104B and the members 111 and 112 to be joined in the direction along the plane of the members 111 and 112 to be joined.

Here, the second boundary portion 104B between the head portion 101B and the shaft portion 102 separated from the portions 112N where the joined members 111 and 112 face each other and the probe 2 (the ultrasonic wave P is not incident) is shown in FIG. As described above, by transmitting the ultrasonic wave P directly to these parts, the reflected wave (corner reflected signal) from the cracks D2 and D3 can be clearly distinguished from other signals, and the cracks D2 and D3 can be detected. Is easy.

On the other hand, at the first boundary portion 104A between the head portion 101A on which the probe 2 is placed (the ultrasonic wave P is incident) and the shaft portion 102, the seat surface 105 of the head portion 101A is as shown in FIG. A crack D1 is generated from the outside of the shaft portion 102 closest to the (locking portion with the object to be joined 100) toward the center. Therefore, the reflected wave Q ″ from the crack D1 and the reflected wave Q ″ from the seat surface 105 are received at substantially the same timing, so that it is difficult to distinguish them. Therefore, it is conceivable to inject ultrasonic waves P from the other head 101B toward the first boundary portion 104A, but depending on the structure of the object to be joined 110, the head may be caused by an obstacle Ob as illustrated in FIG. In some cases, the probe 2 cannot be placed on the 101B.

As described above, in the present invention, the ultrasonic wave P is incident from the head 101A protruding from the surface 110b of the joint member 110 (joint member 111), and the shaft portion 102 of the joint member 100 and the ultrasonic wave P are incident. The presence or absence of the crack D1 generated at the first boundary portion 104 with the head head 101A is determined.

In the present embodiment, for example, a longitudinal wave vertical probe is used as the probe 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the probe 2 is attached to a fixing portion 22 of a wedge member 21 provided with a scanning surface 23 that substantially coincides with the curved surface portion 103 of the head 101. In the following description, the longitudinal wave vertical probe 2 and the wedge member 21 are collectively referred to as an oblique probe 20.

The signal processing unit 3 is composed of, for example, a personal computer, and as shown in FIG. 1, controls the pulsar 32 to generate an ultrasonic pulse from the probe 2. The transmitted ultrasonic pulse propagates in the wedge member 21 and propagates the transverse wave PS and the longitudinal wave PL to the head 101A. Then, the reflected wave Q is received by the probe 2 from the inside of the rivet 100. The received reflected signal (reflected wave Q) is amplified by the preamplifier 33, received by the receiver 34, and converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 36 in a state where noise is removed by the filter 35. Then, the signal processing unit 3 performs signal processing and displays it on the display unit 6.

Further, the signal processing unit 3 processes the scanning position data of the position detecting unit 4 for detecting the scanning position of the oblique angle probe 20 together with the reflected signal received via the counting unit 5, and processes the A scan image and the B scan image. Etc. are generated and displayed on the display 6. Further, the signal processing unit 3 can also include a warning unit 7 that warns of the presence of the crack D1. Although the signal processing unit 3 is composed of a personal computer, the signal processing unit 3 having the same function, the pulsar 32, the preamplifier 33, the receiver 34, the filter 35, the A / D conversion unit 36, the display unit 6, and the counting unit 3 are used. It is also possible to use the flaw detection device 10 having the portion 5.

Next, the propagation of ultrasonic waves (transverse wave PS and longitudinal wave PL) in the head 101A will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
As described above, due to the shear stress f of the object to be joined 110, the crack D1 of the first boundary portion 104 is mainly formed of the shaft portion 102 in the direction along the plane of the member to be joined 111 (the radial direction of the shaft portion 102). It is generated from the outer surface toward the center of the shaft portion 102.

Here, as shown in FIG. 4, considering the case where the ultrasonic wave P is vertically incident on the crack D1, the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L in the head 101A is obtained by the following equation 1.
θ _L = sin ^-1 ((R2-h) / R1) ... Equation 1
Here, R2 is the radius of the shaft portion 102, h is the depth of the crack D1 (distance from the outer surface of the shaft portion 102 to the intersection of the center of the ultrasonic beam of the longitudinal wave PL and the crack D1), and R1 is the head 101A. Is the radius of.

On the other hand, the transverse wave refraction angle θ _S into the head 101A is obtained by the following equation 2 according to Snell's law.
^{_{θ S = sin -1 (C S}} · sinθ L / C L) ···· formula 2
Here, C _S is the transverse wave sound velocity in the head 101A (rivet 100), and C _L is the longitudinal wave sound velocity in the head 101A.

For example, in FIG. 4, when the longitudinal wave incident angle α _L = 13.6 °, R2 = 11 mm, h = 1.0 mm, and R1 = 17.5 mm, the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L = 34.8 ° and the transverse wave refraction. The angle θ _S = 18.2 °, and both longitudinal wave PL and transverse wave PS exist (propagate) in the head 101A. However, if the longitudinal wave incident angle α _L is increased and, for example, α _L = 25.4 °, the transverse wave sound velocity C _S is = 3230 m / s and the longitudinal wave sound velocity C _L = 5900 m / s, then the transverse wave refraction angle θ _{Although S} = 34.8 °, the longitudinal refraction angle θ _L cannot be obtained. That is, when the longitudinal wave incident angle α _L from the wedge member 21 to the head 101A increases, the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L and the transverse wave refraction angle θ _S also increase, and when the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L exceeds 90 °, the head The longitudinal wave PL does not propagate (exist) in the unit 101A, and only the transverse wave PS propagates (exists).

The directivity angle φ of the ultrasonic wave is calculated by the following equation 3.
φ = 70λ / d ... Equation 3
Here, λ is the wavelength and d is the diameter of the oscillator of the probe 2.
For example, when a probe 2 having a frequency of 5 MHz and an oscillator diameter of 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) is used, the longitudinal wave is calculated using the above-mentioned longitudinal wave sound velocity C _L and transverse wave sound velocity C _S. The directional angle φ _L = 13.0 ° and the transverse wave directional angle φ _S = 7.1 °. In this way, the longitudinal wave PL has a slower directivity than the transverse wave PS and propagates with a wide spread PL', but since the transverse wave PS has a sharp directivity, it does not spread as much as the longitudinal wave PL and propagates with a narrow spread PS'. ..

Then, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the oblique probe 20 is located near the edge 107, the longitudinal wave PL is reflected by the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L on both the seat surface 105 and the crack D1. On the other hand, in the transverse wave PS, since the transverse wave refraction angle θ _S has a smaller refraction angle and directivity angle than the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L, it hardly propagates to the bearing surface 105 and is reflected by the crack D1. Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the oblique probe 20 is located near the top 106, the longitudinal wave PL is reflected by the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L on both the seat surface 105 and the crack D1. On the other hand, in the transverse wave PS, since the transverse wave refraction angle θ _S is smaller than the longitudinal wave refraction angle θ _L , even in this case, it hardly propagates to the bearing surface 105 and is reflected by the crack D1. Further, even if the transverse wave PS is incident on the seat surface 105, the transverse wave PS is a portion where the sound pressure of ultrasonic waves is very weak (the outer edge portion of the spreading PS'), so that the reflected signal becomes minute. The effect on the identification of the flaw signal is small.

As described above, in the present invention, both the longitudinal wave PL and the transverse wave PS are generated (propagated) in the head 101A, and the oblique angle probe 20 is scanned as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B from the crack D1. The cracked D1 can be identified by obtaining the reflected signal of the above from both the longitudinal wave PL and the transverse wave PS and substantially only the longitudinal wave PL as the reflected signal from the seat surface 105.

Next, the inspection method will be described.
First, the scanning surface 23 of the wedge member 21 is formed so as to substantially match the curvature shape of the outer surface (curved surface portion) 103 of the head 101A of the rivet (joining member) 100 to be inspected. Further, the longitudinal wave incident angle α _L is determined so that both the longitudinal wave PL and the transverse wave PS propagate in the head 101A, and the fixed portion 22 of the wedge member 21 is formed. The longitudinal wave vertical probe 2 is fixed to the wedge member 21. Then, the oblique angle probe 20 is scanned from the edge portion 107 toward the top portion 106, and the orientation is changed to scan from the top portion 106 toward the edge portion 107. This is repeated sequentially at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction of the head 101A, scanned as shown in FIG. 6, and the first boundary portion between the shaft portion 102 and the head 101A on which the oblique angle probe 20 is placed. The presence or absence of the crack D1 of 104A is determined.

In the determination, for example, a B scan image or an A scan image as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 is displayed on the display unit 6, and the presence or absence of the crack D1 is determined based on the presence or absence of the reflected signal of the transverse wave PS.

Here, in order to verify the usefulness of the inspection apparatus and inspection method according to the present invention, the inventors conducted an experiment using a test body in which an artificial defect imitating a crack D1 was formed. The results are shown in FIGS. 8-10. The horizontal axis of these figures (graphs) is the scanning distance, and the vertical axis is the ultrasonic wave propagation distance (time). As an artificial defect, as shown in FIG. 6, slits d1a to d1c having depths de (diametrical length of the shaft portion 102) of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm are formed from the outside to the center of the shaft portion 102 by electric discharge machining. did. Further, the scanning of the oblique angle probe 20 was performed by the path C as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 8, in the sound portion H, the reflected signal Q _L0 of the longitudinal wave PL from the wedge member 21 and the reflected signal Q _L1 of the longitudinal wave PL from the seat surface 105 appear. On the other hand, in the slit d1a having a depth de of 1 mm, in addition to the longitudinal wave PL reflected signal Q _L0 from the wedge member 21, the longitudinal wave PL reflected signal Q _L2 from the slit d1a and the transverse wave PS reflected signal from the slit d1a. Q _S2 has appeared. Even when the slit depths were different, the same results were obtained as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. As described above, since the reflected signal Q _S2 of the transverse wave PS does not appear in the sound portion H, it can be seen that the presence or absence of the crack D1 can be easily determined by the reflected signal Q S ₂ of the transverse wave PS.

Finally, the possibility of other embodiments of the present invention is mentioned. The same reference numerals are given to the same members as those in the above-described embodiment.
In the above embodiment, the joining member 100 to be inspected is a rivet having heads 101A and 101B at both ends of the shaft portion 102. However, the joining member 100 is not limited to this rivet. For example, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1, a rivet in which one head 101'B is flat or a member in which one head 101 is omitted is omitted. It may be.

In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the oblique angle probe 20 (probe 2) is scanned between the edge 107 and the top 106 of the head 101A, and the scanning is performed around the head 101A. Repeatedly in the direction (path C). However, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the oblique angle probe 20 (probe 2) is scanned once in the circumferential direction of the head 101A on the edge 107 side, and then shifted to the top 106 side in the same manner. Peripheral scanning may be performed (path C'). It is also possible to scan on the head 101A in a spiral shape. However, in the case of these scans, the center of the ultrasonic beam may deviate from the vicinity of the outer surface of the shaft portion 102 of the first boundary portion 104A (the position where the crack D1 is generated). On the other hand, when scanning between the edge portion 107 and the top portion 106 as in the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the center of the ultrasonic beam crosses the portion where the crack D1 can occur, so that the detection accuracy is improved. The above embodiment is excellent.

Further, in the above embodiment, the presence or absence of the crack D1 is determined by the reflected signal Q _S2 of the transverse wave PS. Here, comparing FIGS. 8 to 10, the reflection of the longitudinal wave PL from the artificial defects (slits) d1a to d1c (cracking D1) with respect to the reflected signal Q _L1 of the longitudinal wave PL from the seat surface 105 in the sound portion H. It can be seen that the appearance position (time difference Δt) with the signal Q _L2 has changed. This is because as the depth of the crack D1 increases, the reflected signal from the crack D1 can be detected also on the center side of the shaft portion 102, so that the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave becomes longer (Δt1 <Δt2 <Δt3). That is, when the signal processing unit 3 determines that the crack D1 exists, it cracks with the reflected wave (reflected signal Q _L1 ) of the longitudinal wave PL from the seat surface 105 of the head 101A among the received reflected waves. It is also possible to estimate the depth of the crack D1 based on the reflected wave (reflected signal Q _L2 ) of the longitudinal wave PL from D1. For example, the appearance position of the reflected signal due to the crack D1 of a known length (time difference Δt between the peak signal from the seat surface 105 and the peak signal from the known crack d1) is obtained in advance, and the crack D1 is based on the time difference Δt. Estimate the depth of. It is also possible to estimate the depth of the crack D1 by the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave PL independently.

Further, in the above embodiment, a B-scan image as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 has been described as an example. However, the scanned image is not limited to the B-scan image, and may be an A-scan image. As shown in FIG. 11, the appearance position of the reflected signal Q _'S2 of transverse waves PS obtained from the artificial defect formed in the first boundary portion 103A (slit) (time T), the difference (intensity) is generated in the signal strength .. This difference makes it possible to determine the presence or absence of the crack D1. For example, to set the threshold value in advance based on the signal strength at the occurrence position of the reflected signal Q _'S2 of transverse waves PS obtained from the artificial defect of known depth advance, measurement threshold signal strength at the appearance position when (test) The presence or absence of the crack D1 is determined by comparing with. Although the figure shows an example in which the slit depth is 1 mm, crack D1 can be detected in the same manner with other dimensions.

Further, the outer surface shape of the head 101 of the joining member 100 is not limited to the spherical surface as in the above embodiment, and the outer surface 103 of the head 101 has a constant curvature shape at least a part of the outer surface 103 of the head 101 having a spherical surface. In addition to rivets, a bolt or a test piece having such a shaped portion may be used as long as it has a curved surface portion.

The present invention can be used, for example, as an inspection device and an inspection method for a joint member such as a rivet in a rivet joint (rivet joint) for joining a plurality of members (members to be joined) such as a plate-shaped member.

1: Inspection device 2: Detector (longitudinal wave vertical probe) 3: Signal processing unit (PC), 20: Oblique probe, 21: Wedge member, 22: Fixed part, 23: Scanning surface , 100: Joining member (rivet), 101, 101A, 101B, 101': Head, 102, 102': Shaft, 103: Outer surface (curved surface), 104A: First boundary, 104B: Second boundary , 105: Seat surface (locking portion), 106: Top, 107: Edge, 110: Jointed body, 110a: Through hole, 110b: Surface, 111, 112: Jointed member, D1 to D3: Crack (crack) ), D1: Artificial defect (slit), f: Shedding stress, H: Sound part, Ob: Obstacle, P: Ultrasonic wave, PL: Longitudinal wave, PS: Transverse wave, Q: Reflected wave, R1: Head radius , R2: Shaft radius, θ _L : Longitudinal wave refraction angle, θ _S : Transverse wave refraction angle, α _L : Longitudinal wave incident angle

Claims (11)

A probe that allows ultrasonic waves to be incident on a joining member that penetrates a plurality of members to be joined and receives a reflected wave from the joining member, and the joining based on the reflected wave received by the probe. An inspection device for joint members equipped with a signal processing unit that evaluates cracks in the members.
The joining member has a shaft portion penetrating the joined member and a head portion having a diameter larger than that of the shaft portion and protruding from the surface of the joined member.
The head has a curved surface portion having a constant curvature shape at least a part of the outer surface.
The probe is attached to a wedge member having a scanning surface that substantially coincides with the curved surface portion.
The probe is subjected to incident the ultrasonic wave on the head through the wedge member to propagate transverse waves and longitudinal waves to the joint member, and is scanned along the curved surface portion.
The signal processing unit inspects the joining member for determining whether or not there is a crack in the boundary portion between the shaft portion and the head portion to which the ultrasonic wave is incident, based on the reflected wave of the transverse wave among the received reflected waves. apparatus. The signal processing unit is the inspection device for a joining member according to claim 1, wherein a scanned image of the received reflected wave is generated. The inspection device for a joint member according to claim 2, wherein the scanned image is obtained when scanning between the edge and the top of the head. The inspection device for a joint member according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the scanned image is a B-scan image. The inspection device for a joint member according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the scanned image is an A-scan image. The signal processing unit estimates the depth of the crack based on the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the seating surface of the head and the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the crack among the received reflected waves. The device for inspecting a joint member according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The joining member inspection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the probe is a longitudinal wave vertical probe. The device for inspecting a joining member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the outer surface of the head has a spherical shape. An ultrasonic wave is incident on a joining member that penetrates a plurality of members to be joined by a probe and receives a reflected wave from the joining member, and the joining is based on the reflected wave received by the probe. A method for inspecting joint members to evaluate cracks in the members.
The joining member has a shaft portion penetrating the joined member and a head portion having a diameter larger than that of the shaft portion and protruding from the surface of the joined member.
The head has a curved surface portion having a constant curvature shape at least a part of the outer surface.
The probe is attached to a wedge member having a scanning surface that substantially coincides with the curved surface portion.
The ultrasonic waves are incident on the head from the probe through the wedge member to propagate transverse waves and longitudinal waves to the joint member, and the probe is scanned along the curved surface portion.
A method for inspecting a joining member for determining whether or not there is a crack in a boundary portion between the shaft portion and the head portion on which the ultrasonic wave is incident, based on the reflected wave of the transverse wave among the received reflected waves. The method for inspecting a joint member according to claim 9, wherein the probe is scanned between the edge and the top of the head, and the scanning is repeated in the circumferential direction of the head. Claim 9 or 10 for estimating the depth of the crack based on the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the seating surface of the head and the reflected wave of the longitudinal wave from the crack among the received reflected waves. The described method for inspecting a joining member.