JP3878969B2 - Inspection method for rivet joints - Google Patents

Description

【００１４】
表１中で、「40+N」は送信側が屈折角４０度の斜角探触子で、受信側が垂直探触子であることを表す。また、表１の内容をグラフで表したものを図１８、１９、２０に示す。
【００１５】
（３）結論リベット１７が鋼板２０、２０に密着していれば、鋼板２０の表面２１からリベット１７のかしめ部１９に、直接伝達される透過パルス（経路Ａ）が確認された。また、リベット１７のかしめ部１９や頭部が浮いているか否かに拘らず、鋼板２０のリベット孔２２の中に十分充填されている場合には、リベット孔２２及びリベット１７の軸１８を経由して伝搬する透過パルス（経路Ｂ）によって確認することができる（図１７（ａ））。
【００１６】
従って、以下のようなことが言える。
【００１７】
即ち、リベット１７の接合状態によって、鋼板２０から発信したパルスが、直接にリベット１７のかしめ部１９を通過して伝搬されて受信される経路（経路Ａ）によるパルスＰ_A と、鋼板２０から発信されたパルスがリベット１７の軸１８及びリベット１７のかしめ部１９を通過して伝搬されて受信される経路（経路Ｂ）によるパルスＰ_B とが、伝搬経路が異なることから、検出するパルスＰ_A 、Ｐ_B に相違が生じる。即ち、受信までの時間Ｔ_A 、Ｔ_B 及びエコー高さを測定することにより、リベット１７の接合状態を検査できる。
【００１８】
図１において、正規品の場合には伝搬経路Ａの透過パルスＰ_A を受けた（時間Ｔ_A ）後に、伝搬経路Ｂの高いパルスＰ_B を受ける（時間Ｔ_B ）。その際の探触子のスコープ波形の概略を示す（図１（ａ））。これは、リベット１７の軸１８に対して８方向において同様になる。
【００１９】
これに対して、リベット１７の軸１８が斜めになった不良品では、かしめ部１９も斜めになるので、Ｄ_１ 〜Ｄ_８ のいずれかの測定方向で、伝搬経路Ａの透過パルスＰ_A を受けることなく、伝搬経路ＢのパルスＰ_B を受ける（図１（ｂ））。この場合、かしめ部１９が鋼板２０に接した測定方向ではパルスＰ_A を受けることになる。また、軸が斜めになっているので、Ｄ_１ 〜Ｄ_８ の測定方向によって、パルスＰ_B の波形（到達時間Ｔ_B 及び高さ）にばらつきが生じることになる。
【００２０】
また、かしめ部１９が鋼板２０の表面２１から浮いた状態では、鋼板２０とかしめ部１９とが接していないので、伝搬経路Ａの透過パルスＰ_A を受けないで、伝搬経路ＢのパルスＰ_B のみ受けることになる（図１（ｃ））。
【００２１】
また、リベット１７の軸１８が回転するような不良品では、伝搬経路Ａ、Ｂのいずれのパルスも検出しない（図１（ｄ））。
【００２２】
以上のようにして、パルスＰ_A 、Ｐ_B の波形（到達時間Ｔ_A 、Ｔ_B 及び高さ）の比較検討により、リベット１７の施工状態を検査できる。
【００２３】
また、鋼板２０の表面には、実際の製品と同様に塗装膜を有していたが、リベットの健全性を判断できた。また、発信用の探触子の射角との関係では、40+Nの組合わせで正規品と、不良品との差異が大きく、高い信頼性で推定できると思われる。尚、70+Nの組合わせでは、差異が小さいので、実際の現場で使用する場合には工夫が必要である。
【００２４】
【実施の態様】
リベットのかしめ部側の部材の表面にパルス発信用の探触子を密着させ、かしめられたリベットのかしめ部の表面に、パルス受信用の探触子を密着させる。発信用の探触子からパルスを送信する。部材表面からかしめ部に伝搬される透過パルスの成分と、リベット軸を経由してかしめ部に伝搬される透過パルスの成分とを、リベットのかしめ部表面のパルス受信用の探触子で受信する。この透過パルスの到達時間と透過パルス高さを測定し、透過パルスの波形を記録し、これらを正常品の接合部のものと比較検討して、リベットの軸及びかしめ部と部材との密着の度合い（接合状態）を判定することにより、リベット接合部の良否を検査する。
【００２５】
また、所定のケース内にパルス送信用の探触子を固定する。ケース内で、送信用の探触子に近接して、パルス受信用の探触子を、昇降自在でかつ下方に押圧して取付ける。各探触子の送信受信面に、弾性を有する高分子材料からなるカップリングシートによる層を形成してリベット接合部の測定装置を構成する。この測定装置は、所定のデーター表示処理手段を持った探傷器などに接続して、リベット検査に使用される。
【００２６】
【実施例１】
図３に基づきこの発明の実施に使用する検査装置について説明する。
【００２７】
並列した側板１、１の上縁を頂板２で連設してなる下方に開放したケース３の一側４下部に、発信用の探触子８を取付ける。また、ケース３の他側５で側板１、１の内面１ａに弾性を有した緩衝支持板（各種ゴム材）６、６を対向して貼着する。前記緩衝支持板６、６で挟むように受信用の探触子１０を取付ける。受信用の探触子１０は、緩衝支持板６、６に挟まれ、ケース３内の上下の所望位置に保持できる。前記における送信用の探触子は横波斜角探触子（角度４０又は７０）、受信用の探触子は縦波垂直探触子を使用する。
【００２８】
また、前記探触子８の底面９には、ほぼ全面に亘って、弾性を有する合成樹脂製（例えば、シリコーンゴム製。今井ゴム（株）製：SN001-S30 等）のカップリングシート１３を貼着する。同様に、受信用の探触子１０の底面１１にも、ほぼ全面に亘って、同様のカップリングシート１３を貼着する。
【００２９】
以上のようにして、リベット接合部の測定装置１５を構成する（図３（ａ）（ｂ））。装置１５の使用法については、実施例２の欄で説明する。
【００３０】
前記実施例において、ケース３内面に緩衝支持板６を設けて測定装置１５を構成したが、他の手段を使用して受信用の探触子１０を昇降自在でかつ下方に付勢した状態で取付けることもできる。例えば、受信用の探触子１０の両側面に略水平方向の案内棒２５、２５を突設し、ケース３内に収容した探触子１０の該案内棒２５を、ケース３の側板１、１に穿設した縦長孔２６、２６から突出させる。ケース３の頂板２と探触子１０との間にスプリング２７を介装して、測定装置１５を構成する（図３（ｃ）（ｄ））。この場合、探触子１０は案内棒２５と縦長孔２６とに案内され、昇降自在であり、またスプリング２７により下方に付勢される。
【００３１】
また、前記実施例において、水平面内で９０度、あるいは１８０度の角度を保って、２組の測定装置を連結して、測定装置１５を構成することもできる（図示していない）。この場合には、１回の配置で、２方向の測定ができるので、測定作業を簡略化できる。更に、４組の測定装置１５、１５を９０度づつ角度を保って、結合して測定装置を構成することもできる（図示していない）。
【００３２】
【実施例２】
次に、図１、２、４、５等に基づき方法の発明の実施例について説明する。
【００３３】
板材（鋼板）２０、２０のリベット孔２２に、リベット１７の軸１８を挿通して、他側の板材２０の表面２１で、軸１８の先端部が潰されかしめ、かしめ部１９が形成されて、板材２０、２０が接合されている。
【００３４】
前記試験例のように、測定装置１５の探触子８、１０を所定の探傷器３１に接続する（図１７（ａ））。測定装置１５をリベット１７のかしめ部１９にできるだけ近くなるように、探触子８を板材２０の表面２１に位置させ（Ｄ_８ 方向）、同時に、探触子８が板材２０の表面２１と当接した際に、探触子１０がリベット１７のかしめ部分１９の表面１９ａに当接するように、探触子１０をケース３内で移動させる（図２（ａ）（ｂ））。
【００３５】
受信用の探触子１０をリベット１７のかしめ部１９の表面１９ａに接触し、発信用の探触子８を、板材２０の表面２１で、リベット１７に近接した位置に、所定の圧力で当接密着させる。ここで、受信用の探触子１０を摺動させ、所定高さ位置で止める。この位置で、探触子１０は緩衝支持板６、６に挟まれているので、リベット１７のかしめ部１９の表面１９ａに弾性して当接する。
【００３６】
また、この際、探触子８、１０の下面にはカップリングシート１３が貼着してあるので、探触子８、１０は、板材２０の表面２１、リベット１７のかしめ部１９に夫々密着できる。
【００３７】
続いて、探傷器３１を作動させ、探触子８から発信したパルスを探触子１０で受け、透過パルスを計測する。透過パルスが、図１（ａ）のような波形であれば、この方向では正常と判断される。同様に、９０度回転し、Ｄ_２ 方向に向きを変え、同様にパルスを計測する。以下、９０度づつ移動して、Ｄ_３ 方向、Ｄ_４ 方向の合計４ヶ所でパルスを計測する。この際、送受信の探触子８、１０がケース３内に収納されているので、測定装置１５はケース３を持って検査対象（リベット１７、板材２０）に当接させれば、片手で操作できる。
【００３８】
この計測によりＤ_１ 、Ｄ_２ 、Ｄ_３ 、Ｄ_４ 全ての位置で、図１（ａ）のような波形であれば、このリベットは正常と判断される。また、経路Ｂのみのパルスが計測されれば、その方向では、かしめ部１９に浮きがあることがわかる。また、経路Ａ、Ｂのいずれの経路のパルスも計測されなければ、リベット孔２２とリベット軸１８とに緩みがある不良品であると判断できる。
【００３９】
また、複数の測定位置で検査するので、不良品である場合、リベット全体（全方向）が不良なのか、一部（不良パルスが生じた方向のみ）で不良が発生しているのかが判別できる。従って、施工不良の発生原因の究明の一手段とすることもできる。例えば、一方向でのみパルスＡが生じ、パルスＢの到達時間Ｔ_B や高さが方向により、ばらつきがある場合には、リベットの軸が斜になっていることが予想される。
【００４０】
前記実施例の方法において９０度毎に、４ヶ所で、測定したが、少なくとも３ヶ所（１２０°毎）以上で測定することが望ましい。また、６ヶ所（６０°毎）、８ヶ所（４５°毎）あるいはそれ以上の位置で測定すれば、より正確にリベットの接合状態を検査できる。
【００４１】
また、前記実施例の方法において、カップリングシート１３を用いて、ドライカップリングにより測定したが、従来のような各種の接触媒質（液状シリコン樹脂など）２４を使用することもできる（図４）。ただし、この場合には、経路Ａの検出において、図４に示すように、接触媒質２４から直接透過するパルスＰ_０ と、接触媒質２４内で１回反射した透過パルスＰ_１ 、接触媒質２４内で２回反射した透過パルスＰ_２ など、接触媒質２４内の多重反射の位相の違いにより、まれに、パルスの大きさに変化（雑音が加わる）が発生する（図５（ｂ））。従って、ドライカップリングとする方がパルスのみだれが生じるおそれなく（図５（ａ））、また測定面が接触媒質２４で汚れることもないので望ましい。
【００４２】
また、前記実施例の方法において、前記測定装置１５を使用すれば、送信用探触子に近接して、受信用探触子を、昇降自在でかつ下方に押圧して取付けたので、片手で測定装置を扱うことができると共に、高さが異なる部材の表面とリベットのかしめ部とに容易に探触子を密着できる効果があるので望ましいが、従来の他の受信用の探触子、発信用の探触子を使用することもできる（図示していない）。
【００４３】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、部材表面でパルスを発信し、部材表面からかしめ部に伝搬する成分と、リベット軸を経由してかしめ部に伝搬される成分とを、リベットのかしめ部表面において受信し、リベットのかしめ部の良否のみではなく、リベットの軸の充填・密封の良否も合わせて判断でき、リベットを破壊することなく、適格にリベットの施工の良否を判定できる。また、パルスによる検査としたので、部材の表面に塗装などの各種被膜が形成されている場合にも、検査できる効果がある。
【００４４】
従って、ある程度の気密性を要求される製品の検査等にも使用でき、リベットの信頼性を高めることができるので、施工が容易なリベットの利用範囲を広げることができる効果もある。更に、ドライカップリングによる方法・装置とすれば、検査面を汚すことなく検査でできるので、最終製品の状態で検査することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】リベットを検査中の概略した縦断面図とその時のパルスとを表す図で、（ａ）は正常品、（ｂ）は軸が斜になった不良品、（ｃ）はかしめが浮いた不良品、（ｄ）は軸が回転する不良品を夫々表す。
【図２】この発明の実施例の検査方法を説明する図で、（ａ）はリベットとケースとを破切した正面図、（ｂ）はケースを破切した平面図である。
【図３】この発明の実施に使用する測定装置で、（ａ）は実施例の正面図、（ｂ）は同じく側面図、（ｃ）は他の実施例の正面図、（ｄ）は同じく側面図である。
【図４】接触媒質を使用した検査方法を説明する縦断面図である。
【図５】カップリングの違いによるパルスを表した図で、（ａ）は接触媒質を使用せずドライカップリングとした場合、（ｂ）は接触媒質を使用した場合を夫々表す。
【図６】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は、試験結果の１〜８の各方向のパルスで、正規品φ5.2 Ｎｏ１を表す。
【図７】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、正規品φ5.2 Ｎｏ２を表す。
【図８】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、正規品φ9 Ｎｏ１を表す。
【図９】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、正規品φ9 Ｎｏ２を表す。
【図１０】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、不良品（斜め）φ5.2 Ｎｏ１を表す。
【図１１】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、不良品（斜め）φ5.2 Ｎｏ２を表す。
【図１２】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、不良品（斜め）φ9 Ｎｏ１を表す。
【図１３】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、不良品（斜め）φ9 Ｎｏ２を表す。
【図１４】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、不良品（浮き）φ5.2 Ｎｏ１を表す。
【図１５】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、不良品（浮き）φ9 Ｎｏ１を表す。
【図１６】（ａ）〜（ｈ）は同じく、不良品（浮き）φ9 Ｎｏ２を表す。
【図１７】この発明の測定方法の構成を表す概略した図で（ａ）は正面図、（ｂ）は平面図である。
【図１８】遅延時間の測定結果を示したグラフで、正規品を表す。
【図１９】同じく、不良品（斜め）を表す。
【図２０】同じく、不良品（浮き）を表す。
【図２１】測定結果からリベットの状態を３次元で表したグラフで、（ａ）は射角４０度、（ｂ）は射角７０度を夫々表す。
【符号の説明】
３ ケース
６ 緩衝支持板
８ 発信用の探触子
９ 探触子８の底面
１０ 受信用の探触子
１１ 探触子１０の底面
１３ カップリングシート
１５ 測定装置
１７ リベット
１８ リベットの軸
１９ リベットのかしめ部
１９ａ かしめ部の表面
２０ 板材（鋼板）
２１ 板材（鋼板）の表面
２２ 板材（鋼板）のリベット孔
２４ 接触媒質
２５ 案内棒
２６ 縦長孔
２７ スプリング
３０ 試験体
３１ 探傷器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the inspection how the rivet joint to inspect the quality of the joint portion without destroying the joint.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a means for joining members (for example, plates), rivet joining is widely used. In order to confirm whether or not the joint portion is caulked soundly, there was no method other than visual destruction in the case of breaking the product or nondestructing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional inspection method, when visually observed, some floating and oblique joining may be overlooked. In addition, even if the rivet is loosely joined or slightly lifted, it is difficult to measure the degree of joining of the member with the rivet as long as the appearance is appropriate. It was.
[0004]
Further, a non-destructive inspection method using image processing of a rivet caulking head has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-248837, etc.). In the case of rivets, there was a problem that it was difficult to inspect.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
However, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problem because the pulse is used to measure the rivet shaft.
[0006]
That is, the method of the present invention is a method for inspecting a joint portion in which a plurality of members are pierced with rivets, the tip portions of the rivets are crushed, caulked, and caulking portions are formed to join the members. A pulse is transmitted from the surface of the member on the part side, and a component of the transmission pulse propagated from the member surface to the caulking portion and a component of the transmission pulse propagated to the caulking portion via the rivet axis are included in the pulse. , Receiving each of the rivet caulking part surface, measuring the arrival time of each transmission pulse and the height of the transmission pulse, and comparing both transmission pulses with the transmission pulse at the normal junction measured in advance, A method for inspecting a rivet joint, characterized by determining a state.
[0007]
[Test example]
(1) Test method Test body 30: The following 6 types and 11 bodies were used.
(1) Regular φ5.2 N1-5.2 N2-5.2
(2) Genuine φ9.0 N1-9 N2-9
(3) Defective product (shaft is diagonal) φ5.2 S1-5.2 S2-5.2
(4) Defective product (shaft is diagonal) φ9.0 S1-9 S2-9
(5) Defective product (caulking is floating) φ5.2 F1-5.2 −
(6) Defective product (caulking float) φ9.0 F1-9 F2-9
Flaw detector 31: USD-15 manufactured by Kraut Kramer
Probe: Transmitter probe 8 Made by Japan Probe
5Z5.5 × 5A40
5Z8.9 × 5A70
Probe for reception 10 V535 made by Panametrics
[0008]
As shown in FIG. 17 (a), the test body 30 is inserted into the rivet holes 22 and 22 of the two steel plates 20 and 20 having a predetermined shape, the shaft 18 of the rivet 17 is crushed and the tip is crushed, and the caulking portion 19 is It forms and joins both the steel plates 20 and 20, and comprises.
[0009]
The transmitting probe 8 is disposed on the steel plate 20 close to the caulking portion 19 of the rivet 17 of the test body 30. Further, the receiving probe 10 is disposed on the caulking portion 19 so as not to be placed above the shaft 18 of the rivet 17 of the test body 30.
[0010]
A pulse is transmitted from the probe 8 by the pulse transmission method, the transmission pulse is received by the probe 10, and a delay time T of the transmission pulse (the distance on the steel plate is displayed on the screen 32). -16) and measuring the height of the transmitted pulse and recording the waveform of the transmitted pulse. The measurement as shown in FIG. 17 (b), the about the axis of the rivet of the test body, every 45 degrees clockwise, _{D 1} direction (the 1), _{D 2} direction (a 2), _{D 3} directions (a 3), _{D 4} directions (4), ..., measured at _{D 8} direction each position (8) of (8) performing.
[0011]
(2) Test result The waveform of the transmission pulse displayed on the screen 32 of the flaw detector 31 is recorded for each of the 11 specimens and for each direction of D _{1 to} D ₈ , and the results are shown in FIGS. 16 shows.
[0012]
Table 1 below shows measured values of the steel plate intermediate distance T until the rising of the transmission pulse displayed on the screen 32 of the flaw detector 31 (more precisely, the position where the height reaches 5% on the screen 32).
[0013]
[Table 1]

[0014]
In Table 1, “40 + N” indicates that the transmitting side is an oblique probe having a refraction angle of 40 degrees, and the receiving side is a vertical probe. Moreover, what represented the content of Table 1 with the graph is shown in FIG.
[0015]
(3) Conclusion When the rivet 17 is in close contact with the steel plates 20 and 20, a transmission pulse (path A) directly transmitted from the surface 21 of the steel plate 20 to the caulking portion 19 of the rivet 17 was confirmed. Further, regardless of whether the caulking portion 19 or the head of the rivet 17 is floating, when the rivet hole 22 of the steel plate 20 is sufficiently filled, it passes through the rivet hole 22 and the shaft 18 of the rivet 17. Then, it can be confirmed by the transmitted pulse (path B) propagating (FIG. 17A).
[0016]
Therefore, the following can be said.
[0017]
That is, depending on the joining state of the rivet 17, a pulse PA transmitted from the steel plate 20 and a pulse P _A by a route (path A) that is directly propagated and received through the caulking portion 19 of the rivet 17 and is transmitted from the steel plate 20. pulse P _a pulse and a pulse P _B by the shaft 18 and the path to be received is transmitted through the crimped portion 19 of the rivet 17 (route B) of the rivet 17, since the propagation paths are different, to detect , P _B is different. That is, the time T _A to the reception, by measuring the T _B and the echo height can be inspected bonding state of the rivet 17.
[0018]
In Figure 1, after the case of genuine received a transmission pulse P _A propagation path A (time T _A) to receive a high propagation path B pulse P _B (time T _B). An outline of the scope waveform of the probe at that time is shown (FIG. 1A). This is the same in eight directions with respect to the axis 18 of the rivet 17.
[0019]
In contrast, in the defectives shaft 18 becomes oblique rivet 17, since the caulking portion 19 is also obliquely, in either measurement direction D ₁ to D _8, the transmitted pulse P _A propagation paths A The pulse P _B of the propagation path B is received without being received (FIG. 1B). In this case, the receive pulses P _A in the measuring direction of the caulking portion 19 is in contact with the steel plate 20. Further, since the axis is inclined, the waveform (arrival time T _B and height) of the pulse P _B varies depending on the measurement directions D _{1 to} D ₈ .
[0020]
In a state where the crimping portion 19 is floated from the surface 21 of the steel sheet 20, since the steel plate 20 and the caulking portion 19 is not in contact, without receiving the transmission pulse P _A propagation path A, the pulse P _B of propagation path B (Fig. 1 (c)).
[0021]
In addition, in a defective product in which the shaft 18 of the rivet 17 rotates, neither pulse of the propagation paths A and B is detected (FIG. 1 (d)).
[0022]
As described above, the construction state of the rivet 17 can be inspected by comparing and examining the waveforms of the pulses P _A and P _B (arrival times T _A and T _B and height).
[0023]
Moreover, although the surface of the steel plate 20 had the coating film similarly to the actual product, the soundness of the rivet could be judged. Also, regarding the relationship with the firing angle of the probe for transmission, the difference between the regular product and the defective product is large for the combination of 40 + N, and it can be estimated with high reliability. In addition, since the difference is small in the combination of 70 + N, it is necessary to devise when using it in the actual site.
[0024]
Embodiment
A pulse transmitting probe is brought into close contact with the surface of the rivet caulking portion, and a pulse receiving probe is brought into close contact with the surface of the caulking portion of the rivet being caulked. Transmit a pulse from the probe for transmission. The transmitted pulse component propagated from the member surface to the caulking portion and the transmitted pulse component propagated to the caulking portion via the rivet axis are received by the probe for receiving the pulse on the caulking portion surface of the rivet. . Measure the arrival time and transmission pulse height of this transmission pulse, record the transmission pulse waveform, compare these with those of the normal joint, and check the contact between the rivet shaft and the caulking part and the member. The quality of the rivet joint is checked by determining the degree (joint state).
[0025]
In addition, a probe for pulse transmission is fixed in a predetermined case. In the case, a pulse receiving probe is mounted in a manner that can be moved up and down and pressed downward in the vicinity of the transmitting probe. A measuring device for a rivet joint is configured by forming a layer of a coupling sheet made of a polymer material having elasticity on the transmission / reception surface of each probe. This measuring apparatus is connected to a flaw detector having a predetermined data display processing means and used for rivet inspection.
[0026]
[Example 1]
An inspection apparatus used for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0027]
A transmitting probe 8 is attached to the lower part of one side 4 of the case 3 which is opened downward by connecting the upper edges of the parallel side plates 1 and 1 with the top plate 2. Further, on the other side 5 of the case 3, buffer support plates (various rubber materials) 6 and 6 having elasticity are attached to the inner surfaces 1 a of the side plates 1 and 1 so as to face each other. A receiving probe 10 is attached so as to be sandwiched between the buffer support plates 6. The receiving probe 10 is sandwiched between the buffer support plates 6 and 6 and can be held at desired positions above and below the case 3. The transmitting probe in the above uses a transverse wave oblique angle probe (angle 40 or 70), and the receiving probe uses a longitudinal wave vertical probe.
[0028]
Further, on the bottom surface 9 of the probe 8, a coupling sheet 13 made of a synthetic resin having elasticity (for example, made of silicone rubber, manufactured by Imai Rubber Co., Ltd .: SN001-S30, etc.) is provided over almost the entire surface. Adhere. Similarly, a similar coupling sheet 13 is attached to the bottom surface 11 of the receiving probe 10 over substantially the entire surface.
[0029]
As described above, the rivet joint measuring device 15 is configured (FIGS. 3A and 3B). The usage of the device 15 will be described in the column of Example 2.
[0030]
In the above-described embodiment, the measuring device 15 is configured by providing the buffer support plate 6 on the inner surface of the case 3. However, the receiving probe 10 can be moved up and down and urged downward using other means. It can also be installed. For example, substantially horizontal guide rods 25, 25 project from both side surfaces of the receiving probe 10, and the guide rods 25 of the probe 10 accommodated in the case 3 are connected to the side plate 1 of the case 3, 1 is protruded from the vertically long holes 26, 26 formed in the hole 1. A measuring device 15 is configured with a spring 27 interposed between the top plate 2 of the case 3 and the probe 10 (FIGS. 3C and 3D). In this case, the probe 10 is guided by the guide rod 25 and the vertically long hole 26, can be moved up and down, and is urged downward by the spring 27.
[0031]
In the embodiment, the measuring device 15 can be configured by connecting two sets of measuring devices while maintaining an angle of 90 ° or 180 ° in the horizontal plane (not shown). In this case, the measurement work can be simplified because the measurement can be performed in two directions with one arrangement. Furthermore, the four measuring devices 15 and 15 can be combined at an angle of 90 degrees to form a measuring device (not shown).
[0032]
[Example 2]
Next, with be described in the examples of the invention of a process based on Figure 1, 2, 4 and 5 or the like.
[0033]
The shaft 18 of the rivet 17 is inserted into the rivet hole 22 of the plate material (steel plate) 20, 20, and the tip end portion of the shaft 18 is crushed and caulked on the surface 21 of the plate material 20 on the other side, and the caulking portion 19 is formed. The plate members 20 and 20 are joined.
[0034]
As in the test example, the probes 8 and 10 of the measuring apparatus 15 are connected to a predetermined flaw detector 31 (FIG. 17A). A measuring device 15 as close as possible to the crimped portion 19 of the rivet 17, to position the probe 8 on the surface 21 of the plate 20 _{(D 8} direction), at the same time, the probe 8 and the surface 21 of the plate 20 equivalents When contacted, the probe 10 is moved within the case 3 so that the probe 10 contacts the surface 19a of the caulking portion 19 of the rivet 17 (FIGS. 2A and 2B).
[0035]
The receiving probe 10 is brought into contact with the surface 19a of the caulking portion 19 of the rivet 17, and the transmitting probe 8 is applied to the surface 21 of the plate material 20 at a position close to the rivet 17 with a predetermined pressure. Close contact. Here, the receiving probe 10 is slid and stopped at a predetermined height position. At this position, the probe 10 is sandwiched between the shock-absorbing support plates 6, 6, and thus elastically contacts the surface 19 a of the caulking portion 19 of the rivet 17.
[0036]
At this time, since the coupling sheet 13 is adhered to the lower surfaces of the probes 8 and 10, the probes 8 and 10 are in close contact with the surface 21 of the plate member 20 and the caulking portion 19 of the rivet 17, respectively. it can.
[0037]
Subsequently, the flaw detector 31 is operated, the pulse transmitted from the probe 8 is received by the probe 10, and the transmitted pulse is measured. If the transmitted pulse has a waveform as shown in FIG. 1A, it is determined to be normal in this direction. Similarly, it rotated by 90 degrees, changing the direction in the D ₂ direction, similarly to measure the pulse. Hereinafter, moves by 90 degrees, measures the pulse _{D 3} direction, _{D 4} direction of a total of four places. At this time, since the transmission / reception probes 8 and 10 are accommodated in the case 3, the measurement device 15 can be operated with one hand if the case 3 is held in contact with the object to be inspected (the rivet 17 and the plate member 20). it can.
[0038]
If the waveform shown in FIG. 1A is obtained at all positions D ₁ , D ₂ , D ₃ , and D ₄ by this measurement, the rivet is determined to be normal. In addition, if the pulse of only the path B is measured, it can be seen that the caulking portion 19 is lifted in that direction. Further, if the pulse of any of the paths A and B is not measured, it can be determined that the rivet hole 22 and the rivet shaft 18 are defective with a looseness.
[0039]
In addition, since the inspection is performed at a plurality of measurement positions, if it is a defective product, it is possible to determine whether the entire rivet (all directions) is defective or only a part (only the direction in which the defective pulse occurs) is defective. . Therefore, it can also be used as a means for investigating the cause of construction failure. For example, occur pulse A in only one direction, the arrival time T _B and height of the pulse B is a direction, if there is a variation, it is expected that the shaft of the rivet is set to obliquely.
[0040]
In the method of the above embodiment, the measurement was performed at four positions every 90 degrees, but it is desirable to measure at least three positions (every 120 °). Further, if the measurement is performed at 6 positions (every 60 °), 8 positions (every 45 °) or more, the rivet joining state can be inspected more accurately.
[0041]
Further, in the method of the above embodiment, measurement was performed by dry coupling using the coupling sheet 13, but various conventional contact media (liquid silicon resin, etc.) 24 can also be used (FIG. 4). . However, in this case, in the detection of the path A, as shown in FIG. 4, the pulse P ₀ directly transmitted from the contact medium 24, the transmitted pulse P ₁ reflected once in the contact medium 24, in such transmitted pulse P ₂ reflected twice by the phase difference of the multiple reflection in the couplant 24, rarely change (noise is added) to the magnitude of the pulse is generated (Figure 5 (b)). Therefore, it is desirable to use dry coupling because there is no possibility of generating only a pulse (FIG. 5A) and the measurement surface is not contaminated by the contact medium 24.
[0042]
Further, in the method of the above embodiment, if the measuring device 15 is used, the receiving probe is mounted so as to be movable up and down and pressed downward in the vicinity of the transmitting probe. This is desirable because it has the effect of being able to handle the measuring device and easily attach the probe to the surface of a member having a different height and the caulking portion of the rivet. A probe can be used (not shown).
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a component that transmits a pulse on the surface of the member and propagates from the member surface to the caulking portion and a component that propagates to the caulking portion via the rivet shaft are received on the caulking portion surface of the rivet, Not only the quality of the rivet caulking part but also the quality of filling and sealing of the rivet shaft can be judged together, and the quality of rivet construction can be judged properly without breaking the rivet. In addition, since the inspection is performed by the pulse, there is an effect that the inspection can be performed even when various coatings such as coating are formed on the surface of the member.
[0044]
Therefore, it can also be used for inspection of products that require a certain degree of airtightness, and the reliability of rivets can be increased, so that there is an effect that the range of use of rivets that are easy to construct can be expanded. Furthermore, if the method / apparatus is based on dry coupling, the inspection can be performed without soiling the inspection surface, so that the final product can be inspected.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view during inspection of a rivet and a pulse at that time, where (a) is a normal product, (b) is a defective product whose axis is slanted, and (c) is caulking. The floated defective product, (d) represents the defective product whose shaft rotates.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining an inspection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 2A is a front view in which a rivet and a case are broken, and FIG. 2B is a plan view in which the case is broken;
3A is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3B is a side view of the embodiment, FIG. 3C is a front view of another embodiment, and FIG. It is a side view.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view for explaining an inspection method using a contact medium.
5A and 5B are diagrams showing pulses due to coupling differences, where FIG. 5A shows a case where dry contact is not used, and FIG. 5B shows a case where a contact medium is used.
FIGS. 6A to 6H are pulses in each direction of test results 1 to 8, and represent a regular product φ5.2 No1.
FIGS. 7A to 7H similarly represent a regular product φ5.2 No. 2;
FIGS. 8A to 8H similarly represent a regular product φ9 No1.
FIGS. 9A to 9H show the regular product φ9 No2.
FIGS. 10A to 10H similarly show a defective product (oblique) φ5.2 No1.
FIGS. 11A to 11H similarly show defective products (diagonal) φ5.2 No. 2;
FIGS. 12A to 12H similarly show a defective product (oblique) φ9 No1.
FIGS. 13A to 13H similarly show defective products (diagonal) φ9 No2.
FIGS. 14A to 14H similarly show defective products (floating) φ5.2 No1.
FIGS. 15A to 15H similarly show defective products (floating) φ9 No1.
FIGS. 16A to 16H similarly show defective products (floating) φ9 No2.
17A and 17B are schematic views showing the configuration of the measuring method of the present invention, where FIG. 17A is a front view, and FIG. 17B is a plan view.
FIG. 18 is a graph showing measurement results of delay time, and represents a regular product.
FIG. 19 similarly represents a defective product (diagonal).
FIG. 20 similarly shows a defective product (floating).
FIGS. 21A and 21B are graphs showing the rivet state in three dimensions from the measurement results, in which FIG. 21A shows an incident angle of 40 degrees, and FIG. 21B shows an incident angle of 70 degrees.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Case 6 Buffer support plate 8 Transmitting probe 9 Bottom surface 10 of probe 8 Receiving probe 11 Bottom surface of probe 13 Coupling sheet 15 Measuring device 17 Rivet 18 Rivet shaft 19 Rivet Caulking portion 19a Caulking portion surface 20 Plate material (steel plate)
21 Surface 22 of plate material (steel plate) Rivet hole 24 of plate material (steel plate) Contact medium 25 Guide rod 26 Long hole 27 Spring 30 Specimen 31 Flaw detector

Claims (1)

  In a method for inspecting a joint portion in which a plurality of members are penetrated and a rivet is crushed, the tip portion of the rivet is squeezed, and a staking portion is formed to join the respective members, a pulse is applied from the surface of the staking portion side member. Among the pulses, the transmitted pulse component propagated from the member surface to the caulking portion and the transmitted pulse component propagated to the caulking portion via the rivet axis are respectively present on the caulking portion surface of the rivet. Receiving and measuring the arrival time of each transmission pulse and the height of the transmission pulse, comparing both transmission pulses with the transmission pulse at the normal junction measured in advance, and determining the state of the rivet, Inspection method for rivet joints.

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