JP6797840B2 - フペルジンを含有する組合せ組成物 - Google Patents
フペルジンを含有する組合せ組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6797840B2 JP6797840B2 JP2017565889A JP2017565889A JP6797840B2 JP 6797840 B2 JP6797840 B2 JP 6797840B2 JP 2017565889 A JP2017565889 A JP 2017565889A JP 2017565889 A JP2017565889 A JP 2017565889A JP 6797840 B2 JP6797840 B2 JP 6797840B2
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- huperzine
- glutamate
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- disease
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Description
(i)天然又は合成起源のフペルジン、又はフペルジンを含有する植物抽出物、並びに
(ii)天然又は合成起源のヒドロキシ桂皮酸類、アントキサンチン類及びアントシアニン類からなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの化合物、それらの混合物、及びそれらを含有する植物抽出物
を含む、組合せ組成物である。
アルツハイマー病(AD);AD型老人性認知症(SDAT);パーキンソン病;レビー小体型認知症;血管性認知症;自閉症;重症筋無力症;ランバート・イートン病;軽度認知障害(MCI);加齢性記憶障害(AAMI);及び加齢に関連する問題;パーキンソン病、脳炎後パーキンソン症候群、鬱病、統合失調症、筋ジストロフィー(顔面肩甲上腕型筋ジストロフィー(FSH)、デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー、ベッカー型筋ジストロフィー及びブルース型筋ジストロフィーを含む)、フックスジストロフィー、筋緊張性ジストロフィー、角膜ジストロフィー、反射性交感神経性ジストロフィー症候群(RSDSA)、神経血管ジストロフィー、ハンチントン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)を含む運動ニューロン疾患、多発性硬化症、体位性低血圧、外傷性神経変性、バッテン病、コケイン症候群、ダウン症候群、大脳皮質基底核神経節変性症、多系統萎縮症、脳萎縮症、オリーブ橋小脳萎縮症、歯状核赤核萎縮症、淡蒼球ルイ体萎縮症、球脊髄性萎縮症、視神経炎、亜急性硬化性全脳炎(SSPE)、注意欠陥障害、ウイルス感染後脳炎、ポリオ後症候群、ファール症候群、ジュベール症候群、ギラン・バレー症候群、滑脳症、もやもや病、神経細胞移動障害、自閉性症候群、ポリグルタミン病、ニーマン・ピック病、進行性多巣性白質脳症、偽脳腫瘍、レフサム病、ツェルベルガー症候群、核上麻痺、フリードライヒ運動失調症、脊髄小脳失調症2型、レット症候群、シャイ・ドレーガー症候群、結節性硬化症、ピック病、慢性疲労症候群、神経障害(遺伝性神経障害、糖尿病性神経障害及び抗有糸分裂性神経障害を含む)、プリオンに基づく神経変性(クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病(OD)、変異型CJD、新変異型CJD、牛海綿状脳症(BSE)、GSS、FFI、クールー及びアルパーズ症候群を含む)、ジョセフ病、急性散在性脳脊髄炎、くも膜炎、中枢神経系の血管病変、四肢神経機能喪失、シャルコー・マリー・トゥース病、心不全、喘息、及び黄斑変性に対する感受性、のいずれかに罹患している又はいずれかに感受性のあるヒト又は非ヒト動物対象における、(i)非認知的神経変性、(ii)非認知的神経筋変性、(iii)運動感覚神経変性、又は(iv)認知、神経及び神経筋障害不在の受容体機能不全又は喪失。前記組成物は特にアルツハイマー病の治療及び予防に役に立つ。
グルタミン酸塩の興奮毒性は、神経変性疾患を含む急性神経疾患における神経細胞死の一因である。カルシウム恒常性の欠如は、グルタミン酸塩により誘導される細胞死の重要な媒介因子である。本発明者は、トウゲシバからの抽出物を、グルタミン酸塩により損傷された初代皮質ニューロンに対するグルタミン酸塩の毒性作用を防止又は軽減するそれらの能力に関して試験した。
トウゲシバ(HS)抽出物は、Zha Shenghuaら及びSun Yuan-Mingら[Zha Shenghuaら, Natural Product Research and Development (2005) 17(1) : 7-10 ; Sun Yuan-Mingら, Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs (2002) 33(12) : 1078-1092]により記載されているように、乾燥植物材料から、慣例の還流、超音波及びマイクロ波により補助される抽出を含むいくつかの方法によって得られる。ここで使用した溶媒は純水であった。実施した各抽出物中のフペルジンA(HA)及びポリフェノール酸の用量を決定するためにHPLCに基づく分析法を用いた。
結果を図1に示す。
HS抽出物での結果及び使用したHS抽出物の化学特性の解析的分析を考慮して、神経細胞に対する保護効果に関与する可能性のある3つの化合物、すなわち、フペルジンA、カフェ酸及びフェルラ酸を特定した。
これらのアッセイに用いたプロトコールは、実施例1に記載したものと同じである。13日のニューロン培養の後、候補化合物をDMSOに溶かし、培養培地で希釈した。次に、候補化合物をグルタミン酸塩暴露(20分、40μΜ)の1時間前に種々の濃度にて単独で又は混合物として皮質ニューロンとともにプレインキュベートし、毒性適用中及び洗浄後さらに48時間放置した。候補化合物は、96ウェルプレート中、各条件につき6ウェルとし、初代皮質培養物で試験した。
結果を図2及び3に示す。これらの結果は、単独で試験した化合物の全てが、グルタミン酸塩により引き起こされる毒性に対して実質的な保護効果を誘導することを示す。
− フペルジンA(HA)は、10nMの用量で、ニューロン生存率(94%)並びに神経突起ネットワーク(>90%)に有意な保護効果を誘導し、最低活性用量は1nMであった(図2a、b);
− カフェ酸(CA)は、1μΜ及び5μΜの用量で、ニューロン生存率(>80%の生存率)に有意な保護効果並びに神経突起ネットワークに中等度の効果を誘導する(図2c、d);
− フェルラ酸(FA)は、10μΜ及び100μΜの用量で、ニューロン生存率(>80%の生存率)並びに神経突起ネットワークに有意な保護効果を誘導する(図2e、f)。
− 10pM/500pM/10nM(HA/CA/FA)、
− 10pM/50pM/10nM(HA/CA/FA)及び
− 1pM/500pM/10nM(HA/CA/FA)。
さらなる一連の試験で、上記で特定された候補化合物を、皮質ニューロンに対するヒトΑβ1−42の毒性作用を防止又は軽減するそれらの能力に関して試験した。Αβ1−42は、アルツハイマー病に侵されたヒト患者からの生検に見られる凝集物を構成する全長ペプチドである[Sakonoら 2010, FEBS Journal 277(6), 1348-1358; Callizotら,2013,既掲]。
本試験では、Αβ−オリゴマーを含有するΑβ−ペプチド溶液を用い、アルツハイマー病の神経病理学的特徴を再現することを可能とする、Callizotら[2013,既掲]によって確立されたアルツハイマー病のin vitroモデルを使用した。
結果を図4及び図5に示す。
− カフェ酸は、5nMから5μΜまでの濃度で、ニューロンを損傷から有意に保護することができた。500pM以下の濃度では、ニューロン生存率に効果は見られなかった(図4d)。神経突起ネットワークに対する保護効果は、より低い濃度でも見られた(図4c);
− フェルラ酸は、試験したいずれの濃度でも、ニューロンを損傷から保護することができなかった(図4f)。神経突起ネットワークに対しては若干の効果が見られ、10及び100μΜでは有意な効果であった(図4e)。
これらの従前の結果を考慮して、十分に検証されたパーキンソン病(PD)モデルである1−メチル−4−フェニルピリジニウム(MPP+)で損傷されたチロシン水酸化酵素(TH)陽性ニューロン[Visanji NP,ら FASEB J. 2008; 22 (7) : 2488-97]に対するNSP01−001−E001(バッチ:a)の推定有効性を試験するために、さらなる検討を行った。
a.植物抽出物NSP01−001−E001
トウゲシバ(HS)抽出物NSP01−001−E001を、煎出(pH7;30分)などの抽出により得た。この抽出物は1/0.1/0.6比のHA/CA/FAを含有する。
HS抽出物の神経保護効果を、ドーパミンニューロンの生存を特異的に可視化するTH陽性ニューロンの定量化により評価した。ラットドーパミンニューロンは、Schinelliら,J Neurochem. 1988 Jun; 50(6) : 1900-7及びVisanjiら,2008[前掲]により記載されているように培養した。
培養6日目に、NSP01−001−E001(2.5、5、50、500ng/ml、2.5、5、25、33.3μg/ml)を培養培地に溶解させるか、又は培養培地で希釈し、その後、MPP+適用の1時間前に初代中脳ニューロンとともにプレインキュベートした。MPP+溶液をコントロール培地で希釈して終濃度4μΜとなるように加えた。
48時間の毒性化状態の後、細胞をPBS(PAN)、pH=7.3中、4%パラホルムアルデヒド(PFA、Sigma)の溶液により、室温で20分間固定した。細胞を再びPBSで2回洗浄した後、透過処理を施し、非特異的部位を、0.1%サポニン(Sigma)及び1%FCSを含有するPBS溶液で、室温にて15分間ブロッキングした。その後、細胞を、1%FCS、0.1%サポニンを含有するPBS中、1/10000希釈の、マウスで作製したモノクローナル抗チロシン水酸化酵素(TH、Sigma)抗体とともに室温で2時間インキュベートした。この抗体を、1%FCS、0.1%サポニンを含有するPBS中、1/800希釈のAlexa Fluor 488ヤギ抗マウスIgG(Molecular probe)で、室温にて1時間可視化した。
結果を図6に示す。
前記抽出物が皮質ニューロンと神経突起をグルタミン酸塩による損傷から保護したことを示す、NSP01E01(バッチN6001―6及びN6002−6、トウゲシバ)で得られた結果とその後の化学的プロフィールの解析で得られた結果を考慮して、フペルジンA(HA)、カフェ酸(CA)及びフェルラ酸(FA)はこの作用に関与していると推測し、実施例4に従い、十分に検証されたパーキンソン病(PD)モデルである1−メチル−4−フェニルピリジニウム(MPP+)で損傷されたチロシン水酸化酵素(TH)陽性ニューロンに対して試験した。
これらのアッセイで用いたプロトコールは、実施例4に記載したものと同じである。培養6日目に、試験化合物(HA、CA及びFA)を培養培地に溶解させ、培養培地に希釈し、その後、MPP+適用の1時間前に中脳ニューロンとともにプレインキュベートした。
結果を図7a―dに示す。
本試験においては、HAと他のポリフェノール、例えば、シナピン酸(SA)、
p―クマリン酸(pCouA)、没食子酸(GA)、フェルラ酸(FA)又はカフェ酸(CA)とを組み合わせた相乗効果について、十分に検証されたアルツハイマー病(AD)のin vitroモデルであるグルタミン酸塩で損傷された皮質ニューロンに対して評価した[Campos-Penaら、(2014). Alzheimer Disease: The Role of Aβ in the Glutamatergic System, Neurochemistry, Dr. Thomas Heinbockel(Ed), ISBN : 978-953-51-1237-2, InTech, DOI : 10.5772/57367]。
ラット皮質ニューロンを実施例1に従って培養した。
結果を図8a―dに示す。
本試験においては、フペルジンA(HA)/カフェ酸(CA)/フェルラ酸(FA)/混合物の神経保護効果を、十分に検証されたCombesらによるALSのin vitroモデルであるグルタミン酸塩で損傷された神経/筋共培養物に対して評価した[(2015). (J Neurosci es.;93(4) :633-43) ]。これらの化合物の相乗作用についても検討した。前記化合物の混合物の存在下、神経筋接合部(NMJ)の完全性(数及び平均サイズ)及び筋細胞を神経支配する神経突起ネットワークを評価した。
ヒト筋肉(promocell, Batch : 3061107)を、健康な対象の生検の一部から前述した方法に従って調製した(Braunら、(1996) J.Neurol Sci. 136 : 17-23)。ヒト筋肉細胞株を解離細胞(21000細胞/ウェル)から樹立し、水中0.1%ゼラチン被覆(Sigma, Batch : 051M0012V)48ウェルプレート(Greiner, Batch : E13111ME)に入れ、62%MEM培地(PAN, Batch : 2761113)及び25%M 199培地(PAN, Batch : 6720314)の混合物からなり、グルタミン2mM(PAN, Batch : 8150713)、ヒトインスリン10μg/ml(PAN, Batch : 1481013)、ヒト組換え体上皮細胞成長因子10ng/ml(EGF, GIBCO, Batch : 1291552A)、ヒト組換え体線維芽細胞増殖因子ベーシック2ng/ml(bFGF, PAN, Batch : H080113)、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FCS、GIBCO,Batch:41Q7218K)及び2%ペニシリン10.000U/ml及びストレプトマイシン10.000Mg/ml(PS, PAN, Batch : 1451013)を添加した増殖用培地で培養した。培地は2日毎に交換した。培養開始後5日目、衛星細胞分化の直後に、4つの後根神経節(DRG)が接合した13日齢のラット胚(Janvier Labs、フランス)脊髄のトランスバース・スライスを筋単層上に置いた(中央領域にウェル当たり1移植片)。DRGは良好な割合の神経支配を達成するために必要である。神経支配された培養物を、MEMと培地199からなり、5%FCS、インスリン5μg/ml、グルタミン2mM及び2%PSを添加した混合培地(67%/25%)に維持した。24時間の共培養後、神経突起が脊髄移植片から成長しているのが見られた。この神経突起は筋管と接触し、約8日後に最初の収縮を誘導した。その後すぐに、脊髄移植片の近傍に位置した神経支配された筋繊維が、実質的に連続して収縮していた。神経支配された繊維は、神経支配されていない繊維からは、形態学的に及び空間的に離れており、容易に区別することができた。
NMJ面積:NMJの平均サイズは、神経支配の質を評価するために測定した。
結果を図9及び10に示す。
これら3つの単独分子、フペルジンA(HA)、カフェ酸(CA)及びフェルラ酸(FA)の前記効果を、十分に検証されたアルツハイマー病のin vitroモデルであるグルタミン酸塩で損傷された皮質ニューロンに対して評価した(Meraz-Riosら(2014) Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014: 375968)。
a.HA、CA及びFA並びにHA/CA/FA混合物
単独で又は混合物として試験化合物を種々の濃度にて培地に溶解し、その後、AChE測定キット(Promega, France)とともにプレインキュベートした。
実施例4に従って調製した単独の又はNSP01−001−E001としての試験化合物を種々の濃度にて培地に溶解し、その後、AChE測定キット(Promega, France)とともにプレインキュベートした。
キット アセチルコリンエステラーゼ(Abeam ref ab138871)を使用した。簡単に述べれば、50μLの各化合物(HA、CA若しくはFA又は混合物若しくは抽出物)を50μLの標準液に加えた。10分間インキュベートした。吸光度は410nmで評価した。
結果を図11及び12に示す。
Claims (12)
- 有効成分として相乗作用的に有効な量で
(i)天然又は合成起源のフペルジン、その薬学上許容される塩又はフペルジンを含有する植物抽出物、並びに
(ii)天然又は合成起源のヒドロキシ桂皮酸類からなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの化合物、それらの混合物、及びそれらを含有する植物抽出物
を含む、組合せ組成物であって、
前記ヒドロキシ桂皮酸類がカフェ酸及びフェルラ酸であり、
フペルジン/カフェ酸/フェルラ酸のモル比が0.01/0.5/10〜0.1/5/1000の間に含まれるか、又は0.01/50/100に等しく、若しくは0.01/5/100に等しい組合せ組成物。 - フペルジン/カフェ酸/フェルラ酸のモル比が0.01/0.5/10〜0.1/0.5/1000の間に含まれる請求項1に記載の組合せ組成物。
- 前記フペルジンがフペルジンA、フペルジンB、それらの類似体及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の組合せ組成物。
- 前記フペルジン/カフェ酸/フェルラ酸のモル比が0.01/0.5/100又は0.01/5/100である、請求項1に記載の組合せ組成物。
- 神経変性疾患又は病態の予防、抑制、遅延又はそれに罹患している対象の治療における使用のための、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ組成物。
- 前記神経変性疾患又は病態が、アルツハイマー病(AD)、AD型老人性認知症(SDAT)、及び筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)を含む運動ニューロン疾患からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の組合せ組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの薬学上許容される又は栄養補助的に許容される賦形剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ組成物。
- 経口投与、経皮投与、局所投与又は非経口投与に好適である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ組成物。
- 同時、個別又は逐次使用による神経変性疾患又は病態の予防、抑制、遅延又は治療における使用のための、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ組成物。
- フペルジンA/カフェ酸/フェルラ酸を1/0.1/0.1〜1/0.4/0.6の間に含まれるモル比で含む、トウゲシバの抽出物。
- フペルジンA/カフェ酸/フェルラ酸を1/0.1/0.5のモル比で含む、請求項10に記載のトウゲシバの抽出物。
- 同時、個別又は逐次使用による神経変性疾患又は病態の予防、抑制、遅延又は治療における使用のための、請求項10に記載のトウゲシバの抽出物。
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