JP6779665B2 - How to refuel a hydrogen vehicle and a household filling system for a hydrogen vehicle - Google Patents
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- JP6779665B2 JP6779665B2 JP2016106413A JP2016106413A JP6779665B2 JP 6779665 B2 JP6779665 B2 JP 6779665B2 JP 2016106413 A JP2016106413 A JP 2016106413A JP 2016106413 A JP2016106413 A JP 2016106413A JP 6779665 B2 JP6779665 B2 JP 6779665B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Description
本発明は、水素自動車に燃料補給する方法に向けられている。この方法では、定置の設備が低圧水素でのみ作業する。この場合、低圧とは、水素を金属水素化物貯蔵器に貯蔵することができる圧力、すなわち、約3MPa(=30bar)未満の圧力を意味している。 The present invention is directed to a method of refueling a hydrogen vehicle. In this method, stationary equipment works only with low pressure hydrogen. In this case, the low pressure means a pressure at which hydrogen can be stored in the metal hydride storage, that is, a pressure of less than about 3 MPa (= 30 bar).
背景技術
水素で運転される燃料電池車両には、支障のない使用のために、水素補給ステーションのインフラストラクチャが必要となる。個人で使用する車両のためには、補給ステーションを家庭の設備(「家庭用充填ステーション」)によって大部分カバーすることも可能である。これによって、まれな長距離の走行の場合を除いて、補給ステーションまでの走行が不要となる。このために、好適には、水素を光起電設備からの電流によって得ることができる。このことは、CO2ゼロモビリティに貢献する。
Background Technology Fuel cell vehicles driven by hydrogen require a hydrogen replenishment station infrastructure for unobtrusive use. For vehicles for personal use, it is also possible to cover most of the replenishment station with household equipment (“household filling station”). This eliminates the need to travel to the replenishment station, except in rare long-distance travel. For this reason, hydrogen can preferably be obtained by a current from the photovoltaic facility. This contributes to CO 2 zero mobility.
公知のシステムでは、水素が補給ステーションにおいて高圧貯蔵器に、たとえば70MPa(=700bar)の圧力で貯蔵され、補給の際にも、この圧力で車両内に供給される。このようなシステムは、家庭用充填ステーションに対しても提案されている(独国特許出願公開第102011108147号明細書参照)。しかしながら、このような設備は、(圧力機器ガイドラインに適合する)この場合に注意すべき高い安全基準と、このために必要となる管理・保守作業とのため、家庭用充填ステーションにおいて前提としなければならないような訓練を受けていない人による利用には、条件付きでしか適していない。 In a known system, hydrogen is stored in a high-pressure storage at a replenishment station at a pressure of, for example, 70 MPa (= 700 bar), and is also supplied into the vehicle at this pressure during replenishment. Such a system has also been proposed for household filling stations (see German Patent Application Publication No. 102011108147). However, such equipment must be premised on household filling stations due to the high safety standards (which meet the pressure equipment guidelines) to be noted in this case and the management and maintenance work required for this. It is only conditionally suitable for use by untrained people.
発明の開示
本発明は、水素自動車に燃料補給する方法を示している。この方法では、家庭用充填ステーションが専ら水素によって低圧で運転される。燃料補給される車両には、これに対して補足的に装備が施されてよい。この場合、本発明を実現するために、金属水素化物水素貯蔵器と電気化学的なコンプレッサとを組み合わせて使用することができる。
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention describes a method of refueling a hydrogen vehicle. In this method, the household filling station is operated exclusively by hydrogen at low pressure. Vehicles to be refueled may be supplemented with additional equipment. In this case, in order to realize the present invention, a metal hydride hydrogen reservoir and an electrochemical compressor can be used in combination.
本発明は、第1の態様では、
− 局所的な設備においてエネルギ担体としての水素を製造しかつ提供するステップと、
− 水素を低圧で局所的に貯蔵するステップと、
− 燃料補給の目的で自動車に低圧水素管路を介して連結するステップと、
− 自動車内にある水素を圧縮するステップと、
− 自動車内にある水素を高圧貯蔵器内に貯蔵するステップと
を有している、水素自動車に燃料補給する方法に向けられている。
The present invention, in the first aspect,
− Steps to produce and provide hydrogen as an energy carrier in a local facility,
− The step of locally storing hydrogen at low pressure,
− Steps to connect to the car via a low pressure hydrogen line for the purpose of refueling,
− The step of compressing hydrogen in the car and
-Towards a method of refueling a hydrogen vehicle, which has a step of storing hydrogen in the vehicle in a high pressure reservoir.
本発明の別の態様は、定置のユニットと可動のユニットとから成る、水素自動車に燃料補給する家庭用充填システムであって、
定置のユニットが、
エネルギ担体として低圧で水素を製造する電解装置と、
低圧における水素用の貯蔵器と、
燃料補給の目的で自動車に低圧水素管路を介して連結することに適しているように構成かつ施設された連結装置の定置側の部材と
を有しており、
可動のユニットが、
燃料補給の目的で自動車に低圧水素管路を介して連結することに適しているように構成かつ施設された連結装置の可動側の部材と、
水素用のコンプレッサと、
高圧における水素用の貯蔵器と
を有している、水素自動車に燃料補給する家庭用充填システムである。
Another aspect of the present invention is a household filling system for refueling a hydrogen vehicle, consisting of a stationary unit and a movable unit.
The stationary unit is
An electrolyzer that produces hydrogen at low pressure as an energy carrier,
A reservoir for hydrogen at low pressure and
It has a stationary side member of a connecting device configured and installed to be suitable for connecting to an automobile via a low pressure hydrogen pipeline for the purpose of refueling.
Movable unit,
Movable members of connecting devices configured and installed to be suitable for connecting to automobiles via low pressure hydrogen pipelines for the purpose of refueling.
With a compressor for hydrogen
A household filling system that refuels hydrogen vehicles with a reservoir for hydrogen at high pressure.
発明の利点
本発明によって、特別な訓練を受けていない人により定期的に実施される、固有のガレージ内での車両への燃料補給を高い圧力で行わなければならないことが、もはや必要なくなる。車両内での水素の貯蔵は、容積および重量の理由から、高い圧力下でしか可能とならない;しかしながら、圧縮は車両内で初めて行われ、コンプレッサの、付加的に必要となる試験を、車両の、いずれにせよ必要となるテュフ(TUEV)検査に問題なく統合することができる。
Benefits of the Invention The present invention no longer requires the need to refuel vehicles in their own garage at high pressure, which is regularly performed by untrained persons. Storage of hydrogen in the vehicle is only possible under high pressure due to volume and weight; however, compression is done for the first time in the vehicle and the compressor's additional required tests of the vehicle In any case, it can be integrated into the required TÜV inspection without any problem.
本発明によって、複数の補給ステーションを距離的に緊密に結び付けるシステムを予め構築する必要なしに、個々の車両に対応した家庭用充填ステーションを用いて、水素自動車の支障のない使用が可能となり、長距離の走行のためには、高速道路の補給ステーションで十分となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to use a hydrogen vehicle without hindrance by using a household filling station corresponding to each vehicle without having to construct a system for closely connecting a plurality of supply stations in a distance. For long-distance travel, a highway supply station will suffice.
家庭用充填ステーション内での水素の貯蔵には、高圧水素で作業する補給ステーションのような圧縮もしくは減圧の際のエネルギに対する手間のかかる熱マネージメントが不要となる。 Storage of hydrogen in a home filling station eliminates the laborious thermal management of energy during compression or decompression as in replenishment stations working with high pressure hydrogen.
さらなる利点は、本発明に係る方法もしくは本発明に係る家庭用充填システムの実施態様によって提供される。 Further advantages are provided by the methods according to the invention or embodiments of household filling systems according to the invention.
エネルギ担体としての水素の製造および提供は、好適には、電解装置を用いた水の電気分解によって行われる。この電解装置には、少なくとも部分的にDC/DCコンバータを介して光起電設備から電流が供給される。このことは、CO2ゼロモビリティに大幅に貢献することができる。これに対して補足的には、公共の送電網からの電流をAC/DCコンバータを介して利用することができ、これによって、光起電設備に対する条件が不利な場合でも、車両への燃料補給が確保される。 The production and provision of hydrogen as an energy carrier is preferably performed by electrolysis of water using an electrolyzer. Current is supplied to this electrolyzer from the photovoltaic equipment, at least in part, via a DC / DC converter. This can greatly contribute to CO 2 zero mobility. On the other hand, as a supplement, the current from the public power grid can be utilized via the AC / DC converter, which refuels the vehicle even if the conditions for the photovoltaic equipment are unfavorable. Is secured.
水素の局所的な貯蔵は、少なくとも部分的に金属水素化物貯蔵器において行われる。この金属水素化物貯蔵器はスペースを節約し、貯蔵器の比較的高い重量は、オンボードでの水素の貯蔵と異なり、定置の使用に対して問題とはならない。 Local storage of hydrogen takes place, at least in part, in metal hydride reservoirs. This metal hydride storage saves space, and the relatively high weight of the storage is not a problem for stationary use, unlike onboard hydrogen storage.
オンボードでの水素の圧縮は、電気化学的なコンプレッサによって行われる。このコンプレッサには、補給時に低圧水素が供給され、コンプレッサ自体が高圧貯蔵器に水素を充填する。走行中には、減圧器としてのこの構成部材を介して、燃料電池に水素が低圧で供給され、この燃料電池により発生させられた電流が、車両の電気モータを駆動する。 Onboard hydrogen compression is performed by an electrochemical compressor. Low-pressure hydrogen is supplied to this compressor at the time of replenishment, and the compressor itself fills the high-pressure storage with hydrogen. During traveling, hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell at a low pressure via this component as a decompressor, and the current generated by the fuel cell drives the electric motor of the vehicle.
図1は、本発明の根底にある方法を説明している。この方法は、局所的な設備においてエネルギ担体としての水素を製造しかつ提供するステップ(21)で始まる。このことは、水の電気分解によって行うことができる。このために必要となる電気的なエネルギは、局所的に光起電式に発生させられてもよいし、送電網から全てまたは部分的に取り出されてもよい。 FIG. 1 illustrates the method underlying the present invention. The method begins with step (21) of producing and providing hydrogen as an energy carrier in a local facility. This can be done by electrolysis of water. The electrical energy required for this may be locally electromotively generated or may be fully or partially extracted from the grid.
第2のステップでは、水素を局所的に低圧貯蔵するステップ(22)が行われる。このためには、金属水素化物貯蔵器が特に適している。 In the second step, a step (22) of locally storing hydrogen at a low pressure is performed. A metal hydride reservoir is particularly suitable for this purpose.
十分な量の水素が貯蔵されている場合には、車両に連結しかつ燃料補給するステップ(23)が行われる。このことは、解離可能なカップリングを有する低圧管路を介して行われる。 If a sufficient amount of hydrogen is stored, the step (23) of connecting to and refueling the vehicle is performed. This is done via a low pressure line with a dissociable coupling.
その後、車上で、つまり、オンボードで水素を高い圧力、たとえば70MPa(=700bar)に圧縮するステップ(24)が行われる。このためには、たとえばPEM(プロトン交換膜;Proton Exchange Membran)ベースの水素コンプレッサが使用されてよい。 Then, a step (24) of compressing hydrogen to a high pressure, for example 70 MPa (= 700 bar), is performed on the vehicle, that is, onboard. For this purpose, for example, a PEM (Proton Exchange Membran) -based hydrogen compressor may be used.
最後に、水素をオンボードで高圧貯蔵するステップ(25)が行われる。 Finally, the step (25) of high-pressure storage of hydrogen onboard is performed.
図2には、上述した方法ステップを実現する、水素自動車に燃料補給する家庭用充填システムの形態の本発明の実施の形態が示してある。この家庭用充填システムは、2つのユニット、つまり、
− たとえば燃料補給される車両の所有者のガレージ内に位置するかもしくは定例の場所に位置する定置のユニット(11)と、
− オンボードの可動のユニット(12)と
から成っている。
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention in the form of a household filling system for refueling a hydrogen vehicle that realizes the method steps described above. This household filling system has two units, namely
-For example, a stationary unit (11) located in the garage of the owner of a refueled vehicle or in a regular location, and
-Consists of an onboard movable unit (12).
定置のユニット(11)は、水素を低圧でエネルギ担体として製造する電解装置(5)を有している。この電解装置(5)によって、水が水素と酸素とに分解される。このために必要となる電流の形態のエネルギは、好適には光起電設備(1)によって得られ、一般的にDC/DCコンバータ(2)を介して電解装置(5)に供給される。補足的には、電解装置(5)にAC/DCコンバータ(2a)を介して送電網から電流が供給されてもよい。 The stationary unit (11) has an electrolyzer (5) that produces hydrogen as an energy carrier at low pressure. Water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen by this electrolyzer (5). The energy in the form of an electric current required for this is preferably obtained by the photovoltaic equipment (1) and is generally supplied to the electrolyzer (5) via the DC / DC converter (2). Supplementally, current may be supplied to the electrolyzer (5) from the power grid via the AC / DC converter (2a).
電解装置(5)は、水を水素と酸素とに分解する。その際、酸素は取り除かれる。このためには、水が極めて少ない伝導性を有していなければならない。したがって、水は、システム自体において超純水処理装置(3)内で、たとえばイオン交換カートリッジまたは電気脱イオンユニットによって浄化され、その後、電解装置(5)に供給される。この場合には、この設備を水管路に直接接続することができる。択一的には、この設備が、定期的に充填されなければならない特別な脱イオン水タンク(4)を有していてもよい。 The electrolyzer (5) decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen. At that time, oxygen is removed. For this purpose, water must have very little conductivity. Therefore, the water is purified in the ultrapure water treatment apparatus (3) in the system itself, for example, by an ion exchange cartridge or an electrodeionization unit, and then supplied to the electrolytic apparatus (5). In this case, the equipment can be directly connected to the water pipe. Alternatively, the equipment may have a special deionized water tank (4) that must be filled on a regular basis.
電解装置(5)により生成された水素は、金属水素化物貯蔵器として形成された低圧貯蔵器(6)内に貯蔵される。金属水素化物貯蔵器には、3MPa(=30bar)未満の圧力で水素を充填することができ、また、放出することができる。したがって、電解装置(5)は、付加的な圧縮段なしに貯蔵器への充填を可能にするために、好ましくは差圧で運転されることが望ましい。電解装置により生成された酸素は取り除かれ、周辺に放出される。 The hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer (5) is stored in a low pressure reservoir (6) formed as a metal hydride reservoir. The metal hydride reservoir can be filled with hydrogen at a pressure of less than 3 MPa (= 30 bar) and can be released. Therefore, it is desirable that the electrolyzer (5) be operated at a differential pressure to allow filling of the reservoir without additional compression steps. The oxygen produced by the electrolyzer is removed and released to the surroundings.
車両の連結および車両への燃料補給のためには、適合する固定装置を有する解離可能な連結装置(7)を備えた低圧水素管路が使用される。連結装置は、定置のユニット(11)に定置側の部材(7a)を有していて、可動のユニット(12)、すなわち、車両に可動側の部材(7b)を有している。 For vehicle coupling and refueling of vehicles, low pressure hydrogen pipelines with dissociable coupling devices (7) with compatible fixing devices are used. The connecting device has a stationary side member (7a) in the stationary unit (11) and a movable unit (12), that is, a movable side member (7b) in the vehicle.
車両内での水素の貯蔵は、たとえば70MPa(=700bar)の高い圧力下のガスとして行われる。それというのも、車両では、金属水素化物貯蔵器の使用がその高い重量のため不可能であり、低い圧力のガス形態での貯蔵が、非実用的なほど大きな容積を必要とするからである。したがって、低圧で車両内に供給された水素が、コンプレッサ(8)内で高い圧力に圧縮されなければならず、その後、自動車基準に対応する高圧貯蔵器(9)に供給されるようになっている。 Hydrogen storage in the vehicle is carried out as a gas under a high pressure of, for example, 70 MPa (= 700 bar). This is because the use of metal hydride storage is not possible in vehicles due to its high weight, and storage in low pressure gas form requires an impractically large volume. .. Therefore, the hydrogen supplied into the vehicle at low pressure must be compressed to a high pressure in the compressor (8) and then supplied to the high pressure reservoir (9) corresponding to the automobile standard. There is.
コンプレッサ(8)として、PEM(プロトン交換膜;Proton Exchange Membran)ベースの水素コンプレッサが好適である。この水素コンプレッサは、たとえば特に小さなバッテリを介して電気的に運転される。このバッテリは、減圧による車両タンクの放圧時に再び解放されたエネルギだけでなく、制動中に制動エネルギも回生する。択一的には、車両が、燃料補給中、たとえば定置のユニット(11)に設けられた外部の電源に接続されてもよい。 As the compressor (8), a PEM (Proton Exchange Membran) -based hydrogen compressor is suitable. The hydrogen compressor is operated electrically, for example, through a particularly small battery. This battery regenerates braking energy during braking as well as energy released again when the vehicle tank is depressurized. Alternatively, the vehicle may be connected during refueling, eg, to an external power source provided on the stationary unit (11).
走行中には、車両の駆動のために、水素が高圧貯蔵器(9)から取り出され、燃料電池(Fuel Cell; FC)に供給される。この燃料電池は電流を電気モータ(M)のために放出する。 During driving, hydrogen is taken out of the high pressure reservoir (9) and supplied to the fuel cell (FC) to drive the vehicle. This fuel cell emits current for the electric motor (M).
家庭用充填システムの実施の形態については、年間約18000km、すなわち、平均して一日に50km走行する、燃料補給されるコンパクトクラスの乗用車(たとえばVW Golf)を前提とする。これについて、水素消費量が25kWh/100kmで見積もられ、1回のタンク充填に対する航続距離が700kmであるとすると、このためには、H25.2kgに相当する175kWhのタンクサイズが必要となる。この場合、光起電設備による1回の完全なタンク充填のためには、平均して14日の太陽光入射が必要となる。一日あたり平均して3時間の全負荷での太陽光入射であるとすると(一年あたり1200時間に相当)、2回の完全な燃料補給過程の間に電解装置に対して42時間の運転時間が得られる。効率が75%の場合には、約35m2の面積の光起電モジュールによって得ることができる5.3kWpの光起電設備の所要出力が算出される。 The embodiment of the home filling system assumes a refueled compact class passenger car (eg VW Golf) that travels about 18,000 km per year, i.e., 50 km per day on average. Regarding this, assuming that the hydrogen consumption is estimated at 25 kWh / 100 km and the cruising range for one tank filling is 700 km, a tank size of 175 kWh corresponding to H 2 5.2 kg is required for this purpose. Become. In this case, an average of 14 days of solar exposure is required for one complete tank filling by the photovoltaic facility. Given an average of 3 hours of full-load solar exposure per day (equivalent to 1200 hours per year), 42 hours of operation on the electrolyzer during two full refueling processes. You get time. When the efficiency is 75%, the required output of the 5.3 kWp photovoltaic equipment that can be obtained by the photovoltaic module with an area of about 35 m 2 is calculated.
金属水素化物貯蔵システムは、典型的には、H21kgあたり25lの容積を有している。したがって、1回のタンク充填のために、130lの容積が必要となる。電解装置(5kWpスタック)は10l未満の容積を有している。1回のタンク充填のための外的な超純水として、約50lが必要とされ、このために、対応するタンクが必要となる。択一的に内的に水道水が処理される場合には、10l未満の容積を有する1つのカートリッジしか必要とならない。全体として、本実施の形態によるシステムは、50×50×75cm3の寸法を有するボックス内に格納することができる。 Metal hydride storage systems typically have a volume of 25l per H 2 1 kg. Therefore, a volume of 130 liters is required for one tank filling. The electrolyzer (5 kWp stack) has a volume of less than 10 liters. About 50 liters of external ultrapure water is required for one tank filling, which requires a corresponding tank. If tap water is optionally treated internally, only one cartridge with a volume of less than 10 liters is needed. Overall, the system according to this embodiment can be stored in a box having dimensions of 50 x 50 x 75 cm 3 .
Claims (12)
局所的な設備においてエネルギ担体としての水素を製造しかつ提供するステップ(21)と、
前記水素を局所的に低圧貯蔵するステップ(22)と、
前記自動車に低圧水素管路を介して連結しかつ燃料補給するステップ(23)と、
前記自動車内にある前記水素を圧縮するステップ(24)と、
前記自動車内にある前記水素を高圧貯蔵するステップ(25)と、
を有することを特徴とする、水素自動車に燃料補給する方法。 A way to refuel a hydrogen vehicle
Step (21) of producing and providing hydrogen as an energy carrier in a local facility.
The step (22) of locally storing hydrogen at low pressure and
In the step (23) of connecting to the automobile via a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline and refueling,
The step (24) of compressing the hydrogen in the automobile and
The step (25) of storing the hydrogen in the automobile at high pressure and
A method of refueling a hydrogen vehicle, characterized by having.
前記定置のユニット(11)は、
エネルギ担体としての水素を低圧で製造する電解装置(5)と、
水素用の低圧貯蔵器(6)と、
燃料補給の目的で前記自動車に低圧水素管路を介して連結することに適しているように構成かつ施設された連結装置(7)の定置側の部材(7a)と、
を有し、
前記自動車としての前記可動のユニット(12)は、
前記自動車に低圧水素管路を介して連結しかつ燃料補給することに適しているように構成かつ施設された連結装置(7)の可動側の部材(7b)と、
コンプレッサ(8)と、
水素用の高圧貯蔵器(9)と
を有することを特徴とする、水素自動車に燃料補給する家庭用充填システム。 A household filling system that refuels hydrogen vehicles, consisting of stationary and movable units.
The stationary unit (11) is
An electrolyzer (5) that produces hydrogen as an energy carrier at low pressure, and
Low-pressure storage for hydrogen (6) and
A member (7a) on the stationary side of a connecting device (7) configured and installed so as to be suitable for connecting to the automobile via a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline for the purpose of refueling.
Have,
The movable unit (12) as the automobile is
A member (7b) on the movable side of a connecting device (7) configured and installed so as to be connected to the automobile via a low-pressure hydrogen pipeline and suitable for refueling.
With the compressor (8)
A household filling system for refueling a hydrogen vehicle, characterized by having a high pressure reservoir (9) for hydrogen.
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