JP6768514B2 - センサ - Google Patents
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- JP6768514B2 JP6768514B2 JP2016554658A JP2016554658A JP6768514B2 JP 6768514 B2 JP6768514 B2 JP 6768514B2 JP 2016554658 A JP2016554658 A JP 2016554658A JP 2016554658 A JP2016554658 A JP 2016554658A JP 6768514 B2 JP6768514 B2 JP 6768514B2
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- electromagnetic radiation
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- metamaterial
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves using microwaves or terahertz waves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/061—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring dimensions, e.g. length
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/14—Coupling media or elements to improve sensor contact with skin or tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B2562/14—Coupling media or elements to improve sensor contact with skin or tissue
- A61B2562/143—Coupling media or elements to improve sensor contact with skin or tissue for coupling microwaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/16—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors
- A61B2562/164—Details of sensor housings or probes; Details of structural supports for sensors the sensor is mounted in or on a conformable substrate or carrier
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Description
概要として本開示は、皮膚を貫くラジオ波の侵入を促進するために、すなわち不整合問題を解決するために、ある種のメタマテリアルを利用することについて述べる。これは、一部のメタマテリアルが持つ、新しく特別な電磁特性を利用することによって達成される。
以下は、メタ表面アレイのデザインの仕方の例である。
デバイスは複数のメタ表面を備え、メタ表面ごとに異なる調整をされてもよい。例えば、各メタ表面は、異なる波長で共鳴するように構成されてもよい。ある実施形態では、複数のメタ表面の共鳴波長が少なくとも部分的に重なり合うことにより、準広帯域デバイスが形成される。準広帯域デバイスでは、隣接する層の共鳴周波数は、例えば半波長の整数倍異なっていてよい。
ある実施形態では、耳たぶ、手、またはその他の血液の多い人体部分にクリップ止めされる、ウェアラブルなデバイスが与えられる。このデバイスは血中ブドウ糖値変化を、非侵襲的な方法で、即時的または継続的にリアルタイム監視する。このラジオ波センサは、数千の個々には低パワーのラジオ波信号を生体組織との間で送受信する。その後これらのラジオ波信号は統合され、アルゴリズムを用いて正確な血中ブドウ糖値が読み取られる。ブドウ糖値は選択的に、数秒以内にデバイス上に表示するか、ブルートゥース(登録商標)を経由してモバイルアプリケーションに送信することができる。これにより患者はデータを管理し、警告を受けることができるようになる。さらに選択的には、データはその後、暗号化されたクラウドベースの履歴記録システムに安全にアップロードされ、患者や医師が利用できる。
図12aから図12mに、センサの概略を示す。センサは、体のうち、血液が多く、他の障害物(骨など)が多くないところに付けることができる。ある実施形態では、装着場所は、耳たぶ、手(親指と人差し指との間)、足指の間、唇などであるが、他の場所に使うこともできる。センサは、装着箇所で一時的に手で持ってもよく、継続的に取り付けてもよい。
別の実施形態では、本開示に係るデバイスは、食料品の品質を調べるために使われる。すなわち、ある実施形態では、生体物質は食料品である。別の実施形態では、生体物質はパック詰めされた食料品で、本開示に係るデバイスは、パックの反射を最小化するために構成され、かつ/または、使用される。従ってある実施形態では、食料品パックの反射防止コーティングが与えられる。ある実施形態では、食料品はオリーブオイル、またはオリーブオイルを含む混合油である。
ある実施形態では、試験中の試料(Sumple Under Test:SUT)の透過を計測するセンサ1303と、ソフトウェアプリケーション(モバイル機器、タブレット、コンピュータなど)と、オンラインストレージ1301およびデータベースと、データをユーザまたは第三者に対して表示するクライアントアプリケーション/インタフェースとを備えるセンサシステムが与えられる。上記のソフトウェアアプリケーションは、リアルタイムに、あるいは接続が確立したときはいつでも、無線経由でデータを受信できる。以上を図13に示す。
ここで示す2つの例は、水を基本とする較正試料においてブドウ糖を測定したものと、混合油において油を測定したものである。測定は50−75GHzの帯域で行った。ここに示す数値は、ノイズ除去その他のアルゴリズム的信号処理を行った後の、生の透過および反射信号から算出された。
図21は、ブドウ糖濃度と処理後の信号との相関関係を示す。この実験は、別個に用意した2つの試料溶液を用いて、約60GHzにおいて繰り返して実施した。結果は、適用した方法とアルゴリズムが再現性を持つことを示す。
本例では、パーム核油と菜種油との混合油において、パーム核油の未知の濃度が、2つの異なる実験により測定された。混合油中の各油種の濃度を正確に決定するために、処理後のデータは一次方程式に当てはめた。
Claims (29)
- 生体物質の外部から内部へ、または内部から外部へ電磁放射線を結合させるためのデバイスであって、
第1メタマテリアルを備え、
前記第1メタマテリアルは、
厚さが前記電磁放射線の第1波長以下である基材と、
前記基材によって支持される複数の要素と、を備え、
前記要素の各々は、前記電磁放射線の第1波長以下である第1寸法を有し、複数の前記要素のうち少なくとも2つは同一でなく、
前記デバイスは、前記電磁放射線の第1波長における前記生体物質のための反射防止材であることを特徴とするデバイス。 - 前記第1寸法は、前記電磁放射線が伝搬する方向の長さである、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記複数の要素のうち少なくとも1つは不規則な形状を有する、または、前記複数の要素のうち複数が不規則な形状を有する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記生体物質は容器に固定されている、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記要素の少なくとも一部は不規則なアレイ状に配置されている、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記要素のうち複数が不規則なアレイ状に配置されている、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記基材は誘電体で、前記要素の各々は導電体である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記基材は導電体で、前記要素の各々は誘電体である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記要素の各々は金属である請求項7に記載のデバイス。
- 前記基材は金属である請求項8に記載のデバイス。
- 前記複数の要素は、共鳴が電磁放射線の第1波長で発生するように、集合的に配置される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1メタマテリアルと結合する第2メタマテリアルをさらに備え、
前記第2メタマテリアルは、
厚さが電磁放射線の第2波長以下である基材と、
前記厚さが電磁放射線の第2波長以下である基材によって支持される複数の要素と、を備え、
前記厚さが電磁放射線の第2波長以下である基材によって支持される複数の要素の各々は、前記電磁放射線の第2波長以下である第1寸法を有し、複数の前記要素のうち少なくとも2つは同一でないことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のデバイス。 - 前記第2メタマテリアルは、前記第1メタマテリアルと共同し、前記電磁放射線の第2波長で共鳴するように構成される、請求項12に記載のデバイス。
- 前記第1波長と前記第2波長とは異なる、請求項13に記載のデバイス。
- 複数の金属含有層、かつ/または、複数の誘電体含有層を含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記電磁放射線は、10GHzから300GHzの周波数を有する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 生体物質の外部から内部へ、または内部から外部へ電磁放射線を結合させるための方法であって、
生体物質の外部から内部へ、または内部から外部へ電磁放射線を結合させる結合媒体として、請求項1に記載のデバイスを利用するステップを備える方法。 - 前記生体物質は容器に固定されている、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 送信部と受信部とを備えるセンサであって、
前記送信部は、
第1アンテナと、第1デバイスと、を備え、
前記第1デバイスは、前記第1アンテナから放射された電磁放射線を生体物質に結合させるように構成され、
前記受信部は、
第2アンテナと、第2デバイスと、を備え、
前記第2デバイスは、前記生体物質を透過した電磁放射線を前記第2アンテナに結合させるように構成され、
前記第1デバイスおよび前記第2デバイスは、
第1メタマテリアルを備え、
前記第1メタマテリアルは、
厚さが前記電磁放射線の第1波長以下である基材と、
前記基材によって支持される複数の要素と、を備え、
前記要素の各々は、前記電磁放射線の第1波長以下である第1寸法を有し、複数の前記要素のうち少なくとも2つは同一でなく、
前記デバイスは、前記電磁放射線の第1波長における前記生体物質のための反射防止材であることを特徴とするセンサ。 - 前記送信部は、前記生体物質で反射された電磁放射線を検出するよう構成された検出器をさらに備える、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 前記送信部と前記受信部との間の距離を決定するように構成される、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 前記生体物質のインピーダンスを決定するように構成される、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 加速度計をさらに備える、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 可変抵抗器、かつ/または、アンテナと組み合わされた可変キャパシタ、かつ/または、調整可能なメタマテリアルをさらに備える、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 前記生体物質は人間または動物の組織であり、容器は皮膚を含む、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 前記人間または動物の組織は血液であり、前記センサは、ブドウ糖、かつ/または、血糖値を測定するように構成された、請求項25に記載のセンサ。
- ウェアラブルな、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 前記センサは、手、足、耳、または唇に装着されるよう構成され、前記センサは手で持たれる、請求項19に記載のセンサ。
- 請求項19に記載のセンサを備えるシステムであって、
前記生体物質に関するデータを前記センサから受信するための無線受信部と、
前記センサから離れたデバイス上で動作し、前記データを処理するためのソフトウェアアプリケーションと、
前記データ、かつ/または、前記データに関係する情報を表示するためのインタフェースと、をさらに備えるシステム。
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CN102480008B (zh) * | 2011-04-14 | 2013-06-12 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | 汇聚电磁波的超材料 |
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GB201117480D0 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2011-11-23 | Palikaras George | Filter |
GB201205293D0 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2012-05-09 | Univ Southampton | Optical devices, systems and methods |
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US9140444B2 (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2015-09-22 | Medibotics, LLC | Wearable device for disrupting unwelcome photography |
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JP2017507722A (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
US11298052B2 (en) | 2022-04-12 |
GB2523741A (en) | 2015-09-09 |
US20230218205A1 (en) | 2023-07-13 |
CN106461585A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
KR102477156B1 (ko) | 2022-12-12 |
US20220192546A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
WO2015128657A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
GB201403389D0 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
US20160361002A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
KR20160146656A (ko) | 2016-12-21 |
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