JP6760097B2 - Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery and its manufacturing method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP6760097B2
JP6760097B2 JP2017007302A JP2017007302A JP6760097B2 JP 6760097 B2 JP6760097 B2 JP 6760097B2 JP 2017007302 A JP2017007302 A JP 2017007302A JP 2017007302 A JP2017007302 A JP 2017007302A JP 6760097 B2 JP6760097 B2 JP 6760097B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
graphene
active material
electrode active
lithium secondary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2017007302A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2017135105A5 (en
JP2017135105A (en
Inventor
栄一郎 玉木
栄一郎 玉木
学 川崎
学 川崎
貴 小西
貴 小西
亨樹 宮園
亨樹 宮園
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toray Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Toray Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toray Industries Inc filed Critical Toray Industries Inc
Publication of JP2017135105A publication Critical patent/JP2017135105A/en
Publication of JP2017135105A5 publication Critical patent/JP2017135105A5/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP6760097B2 publication Critical patent/JP6760097B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

本発明は、リチウム二次電池用正極材料、リチウム二次電池用正極およびそれらの製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, and a method for producing the same.

二次電池はリチウムイオンを用いたものが主流で、少なくともリチウムイオンを可逆的に脱挿入可能な活物質を有する正極と、負極、さらに正極と負極を隔絶するセパレータを容器内に配置し、非水電解液を充填して構成されている。 Most secondary batteries use lithium ions. At least a positive electrode having an active material capable of reversibly removing lithium ions, a negative electrode, and a separator that separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged in a container, and the secondary battery is not. It is constructed by filling with a water electrolyte.

一般的に、リチウム二次電池の正極は、アルミニウム等の金属箔集電体にリチウム電池用正極活物質(以下、「正極活物質」あるいは単に「活物質」という場合がある。)、導電助剤および結着剤を含有する電極剤を塗布し加圧成形したものである。現行の正極活物質としては、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO)、あるいは、コバルトをニッケル・マンガンで一部置換した三元系(LiMnNiCo1−x−y)、スピネル型マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn)などのリチウムと遷移金属の複合酸化物の粒状の活物質がよく用いられている。また負極は銅などの金属箔集電体に、正極同様に活物質や導電助剤および結着剤を含有する電極剤を塗布し加圧成形したものであり、一般に負極の活物質としては、金属リチウムやLi−Al合金、Li−Sn等のリチウム合金、SiOやSiC、SiOC等を基本構成元素とするケイ素化合物、ポリアセチレンやポリピロール等のリチウムをドープした導電性高分子、リチウムイオンを結晶中に取り込んだ層間化合物や天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、ハードカーボンなどの炭素材料等が用いられている。 Generally, the positive electrode of a lithium secondary battery is a metal foil current collector such as aluminum, a positive electrode active material for a lithium battery (hereinafter, may be referred to as a "positive electrode active material" or simply a "active material"), and a conductive assist. An electrode agent containing an agent and a binder is applied and pressure-molded. The current of the positive electrode active material, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2), or cobalt was partially substituted by nickel-manganese ternary (LiMn x Ni y Co 1- x-y Granular active materials of composite oxides of lithium and transition metals such as O 2 ) and spinnel-type lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ) are often used. Further, the negative electrode is formed by applying an electrode agent containing an active material, a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder to a metal foil current collector such as copper and press-molding the negative electrode. Metallic lithium, Li-Al alloy, lithium alloy such as Li-Sn, silicon compound containing SiO, SiC, SiOC, etc. as basic constituent elements, lithium-doped conductive polymer such as polyacetylene and polypyrrole, lithium ion in the crystal Layer compounds and carbon materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, and hard carbon incorporated in the above are used.

現在実用化されている活物質は、負極の理論容量と比較して正極の理論容量が遥かに低い。また、正極活物質は負極活物質と比較して導電性が低いものが多く、リチウムイオン電池の構成の中でも正極の抵抗が電池の出力に大きく影響する。従って、リチウム二次電池の高容量化・高出力化を実現するためには、正極に高い電子伝導性およびイオン伝導性を持たせることが重要である。 The active material currently in practical use has a much lower theoretical capacity of the positive electrode than the theoretical capacity of the negative electrode. In addition, many positive electrode active materials have lower conductivity than negative electrode active materials, and the resistance of the positive electrode greatly affects the output of the battery even in the configuration of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, in order to realize high capacity and high output of the lithium secondary battery, it is important to give the positive electrode high electron conductivity and ionic conductivity.

活物質の電子伝導性を向上させるため、炭素材料を導電助剤として活物質周辺に存在させる手法が用いられている。炭素材料としては、黒鉛、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラックの他、有機化合物の炭化によって得られる炭素質材料などが用いられてきたが、近年、グラフェンを用いる例が報告されている。特許文献1および非特許文献1には、酸化グラフェンと正極活物質を粉体混合してから還元する手法が開示されている。また、特許文献2にはオリビン型シリケート化合物粒子とグラフェンとをせん断力条件下に混合して導電性複合粒子を作製する方法が開示されている。 In order to improve the electron conductivity of the active material, a method of allowing a carbon material to exist around the active material as a conductive auxiliary agent is used. As the carbon material, graphite, acetylene black, ketjen black, and carbonic materials obtained by carbonizing organic compounds have been used. In recent years, examples of using graphene have been reported. Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 disclose a method of powder-mixing graphene oxide and a positive electrode active material and then reducing the mixture. Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing conductive composite particles by mixing olivine-type silicate compound particles and graphene under shearing force conditions.

特開2013−93316号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-93316 特開2014−96308号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-96308

Qin Z., et al. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22, 21144 (2011)Qin Z. , Et al. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22, 21144 (2011)

特許文献1および非特許文献1では、酸化グラフェンと活物質をスラリー状態あるいはボールミルで混合した後、酸化グラフェンを還元することで複合体を得ている。しかしながら、いずれの場合も高温加熱で還元を行っており、活物質によっては性能劣化を招く懸念があることから、適用できる活物質が限定される技術であった。 In Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1, graphene oxide and an active material are mixed in a slurry state or in a ball mill, and then graphene oxide is reduced to obtain a complex. However, in each case, reduction is performed by high-temperature heating, and there is a concern that performance may deteriorate depending on the active material. Therefore, the applicable active material is limited.

特許文献2では、オリビン型シリケート化合物からなる粒子とグラフェン粉末とをせん断力条件下で混合することで複合化して導電性複合粒子を得ている。しかしながら、せん断条件下で混合複合化する手法はグラフェンの厚み制御が困難で、実施例の全ての写真で示されるように、導電性複合粒子はグラフェンで完全に厚く被覆されてしまい、リチウムイオン伝導性が低くなる傾向があった。また、せん断条件下で複合化されたグラフェンとオリビン型シリケート化合物粒子とは密着性が悪く、凝集して縮まった形状のグラフェンが単に付着しているに過ぎない。そのため、グラフェンとオリビン型シリケート化合物粒子間の接触抵抗が大きくなりやすく、グラフェンの高い導電性が十分に発揮されないものであった。更には、せん断によりオリビン型シリケート化合物粒子に強い力がかかりやすく、活物質の性能劣化を招きやすいものでもあった。 In Patent Document 2, particles made of an olivine-type silicate compound and graphene powder are mixed under shearing force conditions to be composited to obtain conductive composite particles. However, it is difficult to control the thickness of graphene in the method of mixing and compounding under shear conditions, and as shown in all the photographs of the examples, the conductive composite particles are completely thickly coated with graphene, and lithium ion conduction. It tended to be less sexual. In addition, graphene composited under shear conditions and olivine-type silicate compound particles have poor adhesion, and graphene in an aggregated and shrunken shape is merely adhered. Therefore, the contact resistance between graphene and the olivine-type silicate compound particles tends to increase, and the high conductivity of graphene is not sufficiently exhibited. Further, the olivine-type silicate compound particles are likely to be subjected to a strong force due to shearing, which tends to cause performance deterioration of the active material.

本発明の目的は、高容量・高出力の二次電池を得るべく、広範な活物質に適用でき、かつ高い電子伝導性と高いイオン伝導性を両立し得るリチウム二次電池用正極材料を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery that can be applied to a wide range of active materials and has both high electron conductivity and high ionic conductivity in order to obtain a high capacity and high output secondary battery. To do.

発明者らは鋭意検討した結果、適切な大きさのグラフェンによる正極活物質の被覆により、電子伝導性とイオン伝導性の両立が可能であることを見出した。 As a result of diligent studies, the inventors have found that it is possible to achieve both electron conductivity and ionic conductivity by coating the positive electrode active material with graphene of an appropriate size.

すなわち本発明は、粒状正極活物質をグラフェンで被覆してなり、粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daが3μm以上20μm以下であり、かつグラフェンの粒子径Dbを粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daで除した値(Db/Da)が0.10≦Db/Da≦1.0を満たすリチウム二次電池用正極材料を含むリチウム二次電池用正極であって、集電体と合剤層を有し、前記合剤層中に前記粒状正極活物質を95%質量以上含み、かつ前記合剤層表面のX線光電子分光分析により測定される、全元素に対する前記粒状正極活物質由来の金属元素の組成比が2%以下である、リチウム二次電池用正極である。 That is, the present invention Ri Na coated particulate positive electrode active material in graphene, particle diameter Da of the particulate positive electrode active material is at 3μm or 20μm or less, and the particle diameter Db of graphene particle diameter Da of the particulate positive electrode active material A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery containing a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery in which the divided value (Db / Da) satisfies 0.10 ≦ Db / Da ≦ 1.0, and has a current collector and a mixture layer. The metal element derived from the granular positive electrode active material with respect to all the elements, which contains 95% or more of the granular positive electrode active material in the mixture layer and is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis on the surface of the mixture layer. A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery having a composition ratio of 2% or less .

本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極材料は、正極活物質表面を被覆するグラフェンの間隙をイオンが通過しやすくなることにより、電子伝導性を確保しつつイオン導電性を高めることが出来る。 In the positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention, ions can easily pass through the gaps of graphene covering the surface of the positive electrode active material, so that the ion conductivity can be enhanced while ensuring the electron conductivity.

実施例2で作製したリチウム二次電池用正極中の正極活物質の走査型電子顕微鏡写真である。It is a scanning electron micrograph of a positive electrode active material in a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery produced in Example 2. FIG.

<リチウム二次電池用正極材料>
本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極材料(以下、「本発明の正極材料」または単に「正極材料」という場合がある)に用いられる正極活物質には特に制限は無い。正極活物質の種類としては、例えば、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO)、コバルトをニッケルやマンガンで一部置換した三元系(LiMnNiCo1−x−y)、スピネル型マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO)、ニッケル酸リチウムのニッケルを一部コバルトとアルミニウムで置換したLiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05、リン酸鉄リチウムやリン酸マンガンリチウムなどのオリビン系、などのリチウム金属酸化物、V等の金属酸化物やTiS、MoS、NbSeなどの金属化合物、あるいは固溶体など、多くの種類の活物質を用いることができる。特にニッケルを含有する三元系やニッケル酸リチウムあるいはその置換体の活物質は、高容量である反面、導電性が低い特徴を有するため、本発明の構成により大きな電極性能向上効果を得ることができる。
<Positive material for lithium secondary batteries>
The positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as “positive electrode material of the present invention” or simply “positive electrode material”) is not particularly limited. The types of the positive electrode active material, for example, lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2), cobalt ternary system was replaced partially with nickel or manganese (LiMn x Ni y Co 1- x-y O 2), spinel-type manganese oxide Lithium (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 in which nickel of lithium nickel oxide is partially replaced with cobalt and aluminum, lithium iron phosphate, etc. olivine such as lithium manganese phosphate, lithium metal oxides, such as, metal compounds such as V 2 O metal oxide or TiS 2, such as 5, MoS 2, NbSe 2, or the like solid solution, many kinds of active material Can be used. In particular, the active material of a ternary system containing nickel, lithium nickelate, or a substitute thereof has a high capacity but a low conductivity. Therefore, the configuration of the present invention can obtain a large effect of improving electrode performance. it can.

本発明で用いられる粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daは、3μm以上20μm以下である。粒子径Daが3μm未満であると、グラフェン被覆による導電性向上が困難になる。より具体的に説明すると、粒子径が3μm未満の粒状正極活物質をグラフェンで被覆するためには、粒状正極活物質の粒子径よりも小さいグラフェンを用いた場合には十分な導電性を確保することが困難になる。また粒状正極活物質の粒子径よりも大きいグラフェンを使用した場合にはグラフェンが複数の粒状正極活物質と接着して凝集を誘発する。そのため粒子径が3μm未満の正極活物質を適切に被覆できる大きさのグラフェンが存在しない。また粒子径が20μmより大きいと、粒状正極活物質内部の抵抗が高くなるため、グラフェンにより活物質表面の導電性を向上しても電池としての出力が向上できない。 The particle size Da of the granular positive electrode active material used in the present invention is 3 μm or more and 20 μm or less. If the particle size Da is less than 3 μm, it becomes difficult to improve the conductivity by coating with graphene. More specifically, in order to coat the granular positive electrode active material having a particle size of less than 3 μm with graphene, sufficient conductivity is ensured when graphene smaller than the particle size of the granular positive electrode active material is used. It becomes difficult. When graphene having a particle size larger than that of the granular positive electrode active material is used, graphene adheres to a plurality of granular positive electrode active materials and induces aggregation. Therefore, there is no graphene having a size capable of appropriately coating a positive electrode active material having a particle size of less than 3 μm. Further, if the particle size is larger than 20 μm, the resistance inside the granular positive electrode active material becomes high, so that the output as a battery cannot be improved even if the conductivity of the active material surface is improved by graphene.

粒状正極活物質の粒子径は、好ましくは15μm以下であり、より好ましくは12μm以下である。また、好ましくは5μm以上であり、より好ましくは7μm以上である。 The particle size of the granular positive electrode active material is preferably 15 μm or less, more preferably 12 μm or less. Further, it is preferably 5 μm or more, and more preferably 7 μm or more.

粒状正極活物質は、活物質の一次粒子であっても良いし、一次粒子が集合した二次造粒体であっても良い。二次造粒体の場合、粒子径Daとは一次粒子の粒子径ではなく、二次造粒体の粒子径を指す。粒状正極活物質が二次造粒体である場合、当該二次造粒体を構成する一次粒子の粒子径は0.2μm以上1μm以下であることが好ましい。グラフェンはフレキシブルで形状追随性が高いため、本発明においては、粒状正極活物質は、表面の凹凸形状がある二次造粒体のほうがグラフェン被覆の効果が得やすい。 The granular positive electrode active material may be the primary particles of the active material, or may be a secondary granule in which the primary particles are aggregated. In the case of a secondary granule, the particle size Da refers not to the particle size of the primary particle but to the particle size of the secondary granule. When the granular positive electrode active material is a secondary granule, the particle size of the primary particles constituting the secondary granule is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 1 μm or less. Since graphene is flexible and has high shape-following properties, in the present invention, the effect of graphene coating is more likely to be obtained as the granular positive electrode active material in the secondary granule having an uneven surface shape.

なお、本発明において、粒状正極活物質の粒子径は、一次粒子径、二次粒子径ともにメジアン径(D50)を意味する。粒状正極活物質のメジアン径は、レーザー回折散乱粒度分布測定装置(例えば、日機装社製マイクロトラックHRAX−100)により測定することができる。 In the present invention, the particle size of the granular positive electrode active material means the median diameter (D50) for both the primary particle size and the secondary particle size. The median diameter of the granular positive electrode active material can be measured by a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring device (for example, Microtrac HRAX-100 manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).

本明細書における「グラフェン」とは、単層グラフェンが積層した構造体であり、薄片状の形態を有するものを指す。また、リチウム二次電池の導電助剤としては、分散性向上等の目的で純粋なグラフェンに表面処理剤を付与したものを用いる場合もあるが、本明細書においては表面処理剤を付与したものも含めて「グラフェン」と表記するものとする。グラフェンの厚みは特に制限は無いが、好ましくは100nm以下、より好ましくは50nm以下、さらに好ましくは20nm以下である。 As used herein, the term "graphene" refers to a structure in which single-layer graphene is laminated and has a flaky shape. Further, as the conductive auxiliary agent of the lithium secondary battery, a pure graphene with a surface treatment agent added may be used for the purpose of improving dispersibility, but in the present specification, a surface treatment agent is added. It shall be referred to as "graphene" including. The thickness of graphene is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less, and further preferably 20 nm or less.

本発明において、グラフェンの粒子径Dbは、前述した粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daに対し、0.10≦Db/Da≦1.0を満たすものを用いる。Db/Daの値が0.10よりも小さいと、粒状正極活物質を被覆するよりもグラフェン同士の凝集が優勢になり、十分な導電性が確保できない。Db/Daが1.0よりも大きいと、活物質がグラフェンにより被覆されたときにイオンが透過しにくく、イオン伝導性が低下する。また、グラフェンが複数の粒状正極活物質を巻き込んで凝集体が形成される傾向があり、電池としての性能も低下する。Db/Daの値は0.20以上であることが好ましく、0.25以上であることがより好ましい。また、0.70以下であることが好ましく、0.50以下であることがより好ましい。 In the present invention, the graphene particle size Db used satisfies 0.10 ≦ Db / Da ≦ 1.0 with respect to the particle size Da of the above-mentioned granular positive electrode active material. When the value of Db / Da is smaller than 0.10, the aggregation of graphene becomes predominant as compared with coating the granular positive electrode active material, and sufficient conductivity cannot be ensured. When Db / Da is larger than 1.0, ions are less likely to permeate when the active material is coated with graphene, and the ionic conductivity is lowered. In addition, graphene tends to entrain a plurality of granular positive electrode active materials to form aggregates, which deteriorates the performance as a battery. The value of Db / Da is preferably 0.20 or more, and more preferably 0.25 or more. Further, it is preferably 0.70 or less, and more preferably 0.50 or less.

なお、本発明において、グラフェンの粒子径Dbはレーザー回折散乱粒度分布測定装置で測定したときのメジアン径(D50)を意味する。グラフェンのメジアン径は、前述の粒状正極活物質のメジアン径と同様に測定することができ、概ねグラフェンの幅方向の大きさを反映した値をとる。 In the present invention, the graphene particle size Db means the median diameter (D50) as measured by a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device. The median diameter of graphene can be measured in the same manner as the median diameter of the above-mentioned granular positive electrode active material, and takes a value that generally reflects the size of graphene in the width direction.

本発明で使用するグラフェンは、X線光電子分光法(XPS)によって測定される炭素に対する酸素の元素比(O/C比)が0.06以上0.25以下であることが好ましい。グラフェンの酸素原子が少なすぎると分散性が悪くなり、多すぎると導電性が低下する。XPSでは、超高真空中に置いた試料表面に軟X線を照射し、表面から放出される光電子をアナライザーで検出する。この光電子をワイドスキャンで測定し、物質中の束縛電子の結合エネルギー値を求めることで、物質表面の元素情報が得られる。さらに、ピーク面積比を用いて元素比を定量することができる。 The graphene used in the present invention preferably has an element ratio (O / C ratio) of oxygen to carbon measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of 0.06 or more and 0.25 or less. Too few oxygen atoms in graphene result in poor dispersibility, and too many oxygen atoms reduce conductivity. In XPS, the surface of a sample placed in an ultra-high vacuum is irradiated with soft X-rays, and photoelectrons emitted from the surface are detected by an analyzer. Elemental information on the surface of a substance can be obtained by measuring the photoelectrons with a wide scan and obtaining the binding energy value of the bound electrons in the substance. Furthermore, the element ratio can be quantified using the peak area ratio.

グラフェン表面の酸素原子は、官能基水酸基(−OH)、カルボキシル基(−COOH)、エステル結合(−C(=O)−O−)、エーテル結合(−C−O−C−)、カルボニル基(−C(=O)−)、エポキシ基などの酸素原子を含有する極性の高い官能基である。なお、グラフェンに表面処理剤を付与する場合は、グラフェン自体の官能基だけでなく、このような表面処理剤が有する官能基に由来する酸素原子も「グラフェン表面の酸素原子」に含めるものとする。すなわち、表面処理剤が付与されたグラフェンにおいては、表面処理剤処理後の表面のO/C比が上記範囲であることが好ましい。グラフェン表面のO/C比は、より好ましくは0.12以上0.20以下、更に好ましくは0.14以上0.17以下である。 Oxygen atoms on the surface of graphene are functional group hydroxyl groups (-OH), carboxyl groups (-COOH), ester bonds (-C (= O) -O-), ether bonds (-C-OC-), and carbonyl groups. (-C (= O)-), a highly polar functional group containing an oxygen atom such as an epoxy group. When a surface treatment agent is applied to graphene, not only the functional group of graphene itself but also the oxygen atom derived from the functional group of such a surface treatment agent shall be included in the "oxygen atom on the surface of graphene". .. That is, in graphene to which the surface treatment agent is applied, the O / C ratio of the surface after the surface treatment agent treatment is preferably in the above range. The O / C ratio of the graphene surface is more preferably 0.12 or more and 0.20 or less, and further preferably 0.14 or more and 0.17 or less.

グラフェンのO/C比は、例えば化学剥離法を用いた場合は原料となる酸化グラフェンの酸化度を変えたり表面処理剤の量を変えたりすることによりコントロールすることが可能である。酸化グラフェンの酸化度が高いほど還元後に残る酸素の量も多くなり、酸化度が低いと還元後の酸素量が低くなる。また、酸性基のある表面処理剤の付着量が多くなるほど酸素量を多くすることができる。 The O / C ratio of graphene can be controlled by, for example, when a chemical stripping method is used, the degree of oxidation of graphene oxide as a raw material is changed or the amount of a surface treatment agent is changed. The higher the degree of oxidation of graphene oxide, the larger the amount of oxygen remaining after reduction, and the lower the degree of oxidation, the lower the amount of oxygen after reduction. In addition, the amount of oxygen can be increased as the amount of adhesion of the surface treatment agent having an acidic group increases.

本発明においては、表面処理剤として窒素原子を含有する化合物が付着しているグラフェンを用いることが好ましい。窒素原子を含有する化合物は、電池作製時に広く用いられるN−メチルピロリドンとの親和性が高いため、グラフェンの分散性を高めることができる。窒素原子を含有する化合物としては、グラフェン表面への吸着性が高いことから、芳香環が含まれている分子を用いることが好ましい。窒素原子を含有する化合物としては、ピラゾロン系化合物、3級アミン、2級アミン、1級アミンが挙げられる。具体的には、アンチピリン、アミノピリン,4−アミノアンチピリン,1−フェニル−3−メチル−5−ピラゾロン,4−ベンゾイル−3−メチル−1−フェニル−2−ピラゾリン−5−オン,1−(2−クロロフェニル)−3−メチル−2−ピラゾリン−5−オン,5−オキソ−1−フェニル−2−ピラゾリン−3−カルボン酸, 1−(2−クロロ−5−スルホフェニル)−3−メチル−5−ピラゾロン,1−(4−クロロフェニル)−3−メチル−2−ピラゾリン−5−オン, 1−(4−スルホフェニル)−3−メチル−5−ピラゾロン、3−クロロアニリン、ベンジルアミン、2−フェニルエチルアミン、1−ナフチルアミン、ドーパミン塩酸塩、ドーパミン、ドーパ、などが挙げられる。 In the present invention, it is preferable to use graphene to which a compound containing a nitrogen atom is attached as a surface treatment agent. Since the compound containing a nitrogen atom has a high affinity for N-methylpyrrolidone, which is widely used in battery fabrication, the dispersibility of graphene can be enhanced. As the compound containing a nitrogen atom, it is preferable to use a molecule containing an aromatic ring because it has high adsorptivity to the graphene surface. Examples of the compound containing a nitrogen atom include pyrazolone compounds, tertiary amines, secondary amines, and primary amines. Specifically, antipyrine, aminopyrine, 4-aminoantipyrine, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 1- (2). -Chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 5-oxo-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-3-carboxylic acid, 1- (2-chloro-5-sulfophenyl) -3-methyl- 5-Pyrazolone, 1- (4-chlorophenyl) -3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 1- (4-sulfophenyl) -3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, 3-chloroaniline, benzylamine, 2 -Phenylethylamine, 1-naphthylamine, dopamine hydrochloride, dopamine, dopa, and the like.

グラフェンの比表面積は、グラフェンの厚さとグラフェンの剥離度を反映しており、グラフェンの比表面積が大きいほどグラフェンが薄く、剥離度が高いことを示している。グラフェンの比表面積が小さい、すなわち剥離度が低いと、電極の導電性ネットワークを形成することが難しくなる。一方、グラフェンの比表面積が大きい、すなわち剥離度が高いと、凝集しやすくなるため分散性が低下し、取扱いが困難になる。本発明で使用されるグラフェンは、BET測定法により測定される比表面積が80m/g以上250m/g以下であることが好ましく、100m/g以上200m/g以下であることがより好ましく、130m/g以上180m/g以下であることが更に好ましい。なお、BET測定法はJIS Z8830:2013内に記載の方法で行い、吸着ガス量の測定方法はキャリアガス法で、吸着データの解析は一点法で行うものとする。 The specific surface area of graphene reflects the thickness of graphene and the degree of exfoliation of graphene, indicating that the larger the specific surface area of graphene, the thinner the graphene and the higher the degree of exfoliation. If the specific surface area of graphene is small, that is, the degree of peeling is low, it becomes difficult to form a conductive network of electrodes. On the other hand, if the specific surface area of graphene is large, that is, the degree of peeling is high, graphene is likely to aggregate, resulting in reduced dispersibility and difficulty in handling. The graphene used in the present invention preferably has a specific surface area measured by the BET measurement method of 80 m 2 / g or more and 250 m 2 / g or less, and more preferably 100 m 2 / g or more and 200 m 2 / g or less. It is preferable that it is 130 m 2 / g or more and 180 m 2 / g or less. The BET measurement method shall be performed by the method described in JIS Z8830: 2013, the adsorption gas amount shall be measured by the carrier gas method, and the adsorption data shall be analyzed by the one-point method.

本発明に用いるグラフェンの製造方法には制限は無く、黒鉛から直接剥離させる方法であっても、黒鉛を酸化し酸化グラファイトとしたものを剥離して酸化グラフェンとし、さらに還元して作製する方法であっても良い。本発明に用いるグラフェンは粒子径を適宜制御して調整する必要があり、また比表面積が高いことが好ましいが、このようなグラフェンを作製しやすいという点で、酸化グラファイトを剥離・還元する後者の方法が好ましい。酸化グラフェンの作製法に特に限定は無く、ハマーズ法等の公知の方法を使用できる。また市販の酸化グラフェンを用いてもよい。 The method for producing graphene used in the present invention is not limited, and even if it is a method of directly peeling from graphite, it is a method of peeling graphite to be oxidized graphite to obtain graphene oxide, and further reducing the graphene to be produced. There may be. The graphene used in the present invention needs to be adjusted by appropriately controlling the particle size and preferably has a high specific surface area, but the latter, which exfoliates and reduces graphite oxide, is easy to produce such graphene. The method is preferred. The method for producing graphene oxide is not particularly limited, and a known method such as the Hammers method can be used. Further, commercially available graphene oxide may be used.

酸化グラフェンは高い分散性を有するが、それ自体は絶縁性で導電助剤等に用いることはできない。酸化グラフェンの酸化度が高すぎると、還元して得られるグラフェン粉末の導電性が低くなる傾向があるため、酸化グラフェンの、XPSによって測定される炭素に対する酸素の元素比(O/C比)は、0.5以上であることが好ましい。酸化グラフェンをXPSで測定する際には、十分に溶媒を乾燥させた状態で行う。 Although graphene oxide has high dispersibility, it is itself insulating and cannot be used as a conductive additive or the like. If the degree of oxidation of graphene oxide is too high, the conductivity of the graphene powder obtained by reduction tends to be low, so the elemental ratio (O / C ratio) of oxygen to carbon as measured by XPS of graphene oxide is , 0.5 or more is preferable. When graphene oxide is measured by XPS, the solvent is sufficiently dried.

また、酸化グラフェンの状態において内部までグラファイトが酸化されていないと、還元したときに薄片状のグラフェン粉末が得られにくい。そのため、酸化グラフェンは、乾燥させてX線回折測定をしたときに、グラファイト特有のピークが検出されないことが望ましい。酸化グラフェンの酸化度は、黒鉛の酸化反応に用いる酸化剤の量を変化させることで調整することができる。具体的には、酸化反応の際に用いる、黒鉛に対する硝酸ナトリウムおよび過マンガン酸カリウムの量が多いほど高い酸化度になり、少ないほど低い酸化度になる。 Further, if graphite is not oxidized to the inside in the state of graphene oxide, it is difficult to obtain flaky graphene powder when reduced. Therefore, it is desirable that graphene oxide does not have a peak peculiar to graphite when it is dried and X-ray diffraction measurement is performed. The degree of oxidation of graphene oxide can be adjusted by changing the amount of the oxidizing agent used in the oxidation reaction of graphite. Specifically, the larger the amount of sodium nitrate and potassium permanganate used in the oxidation reaction with respect to graphite, the higher the degree of oxidation, and the smaller the amount, the lower the degree of oxidation.

酸化グラフェンを還元することでグラファイト層の剥離が進み、グラフェンが得られる。酸化グラフェンを還元する還元剤は特に限定されず、各種の有機還元剤、無機還元剤を用いることができ、還元後の洗浄の容易さから無機還元剤を用いることがより好ましいが、還元雰囲気下での加熱により酸化グラフェンを還元してもよい。 By reducing graphene oxide, the graphite layer is exfoliated and graphene is obtained. The reducing agent that reduces graphene oxide is not particularly limited, and various organic reducing agents and inorganic reducing agents can be used. It is more preferable to use an inorganic reducing agent from the viewpoint of ease of cleaning after reduction, but in a reducing atmosphere. Graphene oxide may be reduced by heating in.

なお、リチウム二次電池用正極中に存在する粒状正極活物質やグラフェンの粒子径や物性を分析する場合、以下のように行う。まず、スパチュラを用いて合剤層を集電体から剥離し、得られた粉体をNMPに溶解させ、ろ過を行うことで合剤層中の結着剤を除去する。正極活物質の粒子径を測定する場合は、大気雰囲気中500℃で1時間焼成することにより、グラフェンを除去する。このようにして得られた粉末(粒状正極活物質)をレーザー回折散乱粒度分布測定装置で測定することで、粒状正極活物質の粒子径(メジアン径)Daを測定することができる。 When analyzing the particle size and physical properties of the granular positive electrode active material and graphene present in the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, the following is performed. First, the mixture layer is peeled off from the current collector using a spatula, the obtained powder is dissolved in NMP, and the binder is removed by filtration. When measuring the particle size of the positive electrode active material, graphene is removed by firing at 500 ° C. for 1 hour in an air atmosphere. By measuring the powder (granular positive electrode active material) thus obtained with a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring device, the particle size (median diameter) Da of the granular positive electrode active material can be measured.

グラフェンの粒子径を測定する場合は、剥離した合剤層を硝酸及び塩酸で処理することにより活物質を溶解・除去洗浄する。このようにして得られた粉末(グラフェン粉末)をレーザー散乱粒度分布測定装置で測定することで、グラフェンの粒子径(メジアン径)Dbを測定することができる。また、このようにして得られたグラフェン粉末を用いて、グラフェンの酸化度・比表面積などの物性を測定することができる。 When measuring the particle size of graphene, the active material is dissolved / removed and washed by treating the peeled mixture layer with nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. By measuring the powder (graphene powder) thus obtained with a laser scattering particle size distribution measuring device, the particle size (median size) Db of graphene can be measured. In addition, the graphene powder thus obtained can be used to measure physical properties such as the degree of oxidation and the specific surface area of graphene.

本発明の正極材料においては、粒状正極活物質がグラフェンによって平均被覆率50%以上95%以下で被覆されていることが好ましい。電池性能向上のためには、電極内での電子伝導性とイオン導電性の両立が必要になる。特に電極活物質の表面付近における電子伝導性とイオン導電性を確保することが電池性能向上のために重要である。グラフェンは導電性の高い材料であり、粒状正極活物質をグラフェンにより被覆することで活物質表面の導電性を向上することができ、被覆率が高いほど導電性が向上する。一方で完全被覆してしまうと電解液中のイオンが活物質に到達しにくくなるため、一部被覆されていない部分があることが好ましい。粒状正極活物質の平均被覆率は70%以上90%以下であることがより好ましい。 In the positive electrode material of the present invention, it is preferable that the granular positive electrode active material is coated with graphene with an average coverage of 50% or more and 95% or less. In order to improve battery performance, it is necessary to achieve both electron conductivity and ionic conductivity in the electrode. In particular, it is important to ensure electron conductivity and ion conductivity near the surface of the electrode active material in order to improve battery performance. Graphene is a highly conductive material, and the conductivity of the surface of the active material can be improved by coating the granular positive electrode active material with graphene, and the higher the coverage, the higher the conductivity. On the other hand, if it is completely covered, it becomes difficult for ions in the electrolytic solution to reach the active material, so it is preferable that there is a part that is not covered. The average coverage of the granular positive electrode active material is more preferably 70% or more and 90% or less.

なお、本明細書における平均被覆率とは、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)により正極材料、または正極材料を含む正極の表面を観察し、観察像を二次元平面画像とみなした上で正極材料表面におけるグラフェン被覆部分の占める割合を算出した値である。具体的には、SEMより正極材料の1個を拡大して観察し、観察像を二次元平面画像とみなした上で粒状正極活物質の面積に占めるグラフェン被覆部分の面積を算出する。この操作をランダムに選択した粒状正極活物質50個について行い、その平均値を平均被覆率とする。 The average coverage in the present specification refers to the surface of the positive electrode material or the positive electrode material including the positive electrode material after observing the surface of the positive electrode material or the positive electrode material including the positive electrode material with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and regarding the observed image as a two-dimensional plane image. It is a value calculated by the ratio occupied by the graphene-coated portion. Specifically, one of the positive electrode materials is magnified and observed from the SEM, the observation image is regarded as a two-dimensional plane image, and the area of the graphene-coated portion in the area of the granular positive electrode active material is calculated. This operation is performed on 50 randomly selected granular positive electrode active materials, and the average value thereof is taken as the average coverage.

<リチウム二次電池用正極>
本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極(以下、「本発明の正極」または単に「正極」という場合がある)は、前述のリチウム二次電池用正極材料を含むものであり、特に限定されるものではないが、典型的には、前述の正極材料と結着剤とさらに必要に応じてグラフェン以外の導電助剤を含む合剤層が、集電体上に形成されたものである。
<Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery>
The positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention (hereinafter, may be referred to as "positive electrode of the present invention" or simply "positive electrode") includes the above-mentioned positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, and is particularly limited. However, typically, a mixture layer containing the above-mentioned positive electrode material, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive auxiliary agent other than graphene is formed on the current collector.

合剤層に含まれる結着剤としては、澱粉、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、再生セルロース、ジアセチルセルロースなどの多糖類、ポリビニルクロリド、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどの熱可塑性樹脂、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)などのフッ素系重合体、エチレンプロピレンジエンモノマー(EPDM)、スルホン化EPDM、スチレンブタジエンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、フッ素ゴムなどのゴム弾性を有するポリマー、ポリイミド前駆体および/またはポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、アクリル樹脂、ポリアクリロニトリル、もしくはポリエチレンオキシドなどのポリエーテルが挙げられる。 Examples of the binder contained in the mixture layer include polysaccharides such as starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose and diacetyl cellulose, thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene and polypropylene, and poly. Fluoropolymers such as tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylenepropylene diene monomer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, fluororubber and other rubber-elastic polymers, polyimide Examples thereof include a precursor and / or a polyether such as a polyimide resin, a polyamideimide resin, a polyamide resin, a polyacrylic acid, a sodium polyacrylate, an acrylic resin, polyacrylonitrile, or polyethylene oxide.

合剤層は、必要に応じ、さらにグラフェン以外の導電助剤を含有していてもよい。グラフェン以外の導電助剤としては、電極全体の導電性を向上させ、かつ導電性を維持する必要から、三次元的な形状を有することが好ましい。このような導電助剤としては、黒鉛、炭素繊維、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、VGCF(登録商標)などの炭素材料、銅、ニッケル、アルミニウムもしくは銀などの金属材料またはこれらの混合物の粉末や繊維などを用いればよい。 The mixture layer may further contain a conductive auxiliary agent other than graphene, if necessary. The conductive auxiliary agent other than graphene preferably has a three-dimensional shape because it is necessary to improve the conductivity of the entire electrode and maintain the conductivity. Examples of such conductive aids include carbon materials such as graphite, carbon fiber, carbon black, acetylene black and VGCF (registered trademark), metal materials such as copper, nickel, aluminum and silver, or powders and fibers of mixtures thereof. Should be used.

集電体としては、金属箔あるいは金属メッシュが好ましく用いられ、特にアルミニウム箔が好ましく用いられる。 As the current collector, a metal foil or a metal mesh is preferably used, and an aluminum foil is particularly preferably used.

本発明の正極においては、合剤層中において粒状正極活物質が95質量%以上を占めており、かつXPSで測定される合剤層表面における正極活物質由来の金属元素組成比が2%以下であることが好ましい。粒状正極活物質は、正極中に多く含まれるほど容量密度が大きくなるが、粒状正極活物質の比率が大きすぎると、導電材料が相対的に少なくなり、正極中の導電性が十分得られない。XPSは表面分析法であるため、被覆率が高いほど、XPSで測定される正極活物質由来の金属元素組成比は低くなる。 In the positive electrode of the present invention, the granular positive electrode active material occupies 95% by mass or more in the mixture layer, and the metal element composition ratio derived from the positive electrode active material on the surface of the mixture layer measured by XPS is 2% or less. Is preferable. The volume density of the granular positive electrode active material increases as the amount contained in the positive electrode increases, but if the ratio of the granular positive electrode active material is too large, the conductive material becomes relatively small and sufficient conductivity in the positive electrode cannot be obtained. .. Since XPS is a surface analysis method, the higher the coverage, the lower the metal element composition ratio derived from the positive electrode active material measured by XPS.

本発明の正極合剤層においては、窒素原子を含有する化合物が付着したグラフェンが正極表面を被覆していることが好ましい。窒素原子を含有する化合物が付着したグラフェンが正極表面を被覆している状態であれば、XPSで測定される金属元素組成比は相対的に低くなり、窒素元素比は相対的に高くなる。XPSで測定される合剤層表面における正極活物質由来の金属元素に対する窒素元素の比率は25%以上であることが好ましく、50%以上であることがより好ましい。窒素元素比率が高すぎると、グラフェンが電極表面に偏在して電極内の導電に関与しにくくなる。また、当該比率は200%以下であることが好ましく、150%以下であることが更に好ましい。 In the positive electrode mixture layer of the present invention, it is preferable that graphene to which a compound containing a nitrogen atom is attached covers the surface of the positive electrode. When graphene to which a compound containing a nitrogen atom is attached covers the surface of the positive electrode, the metal element composition ratio measured by XPS is relatively low, and the nitrogen element ratio is relatively high. The ratio of the nitrogen element to the metal element derived from the positive electrode active material on the surface of the mixture layer measured by XPS is preferably 25% or more, and more preferably 50% or more. If the nitrogen element ratio is too high, graphene is unevenly distributed on the electrode surface and is less likely to participate in conductivity in the electrode. Further, the ratio is preferably 200% or less, and more preferably 150% or less.

<リチウム二次電池用正極材料およびリチウム二次電池用正極の製造方法>
本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極材料は、一例として、粒子径Daが3μm以上20μm以下である粒状正極活物質と、粒子径Dbが0.1≦Db/Da≦1.0を満たすグラフェンと、溶媒とを混合し、その後乾燥することを含む製造方法により製造することができる。
<Manufacturing method of positive electrode material for lithium secondary battery and positive electrode for lithium secondary battery>
As an example, the positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes a granular positive electrode active material having a particle size Da of 3 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and graphene having a particle size Db of 0.1 ≦ Db / Da ≦ 1.0. , Can be produced by a production method comprising mixing with a solvent and then drying.

グラフェンと粒状正極活物質とを溶媒中で混合する手法には制限はないが、せん断力を加えることのできる装置が好ましく、例えばプラネタリーミキサー、フィルミックス(登録商標)(プライミクス社)、自公転ミキサー、湿式遊星ボールミルなどがあげられる。 The method of mixing graphene and the granular positive electrode active material in a solvent is not limited, but a device capable of applying a shearing force is preferable, for example, a planetary mixer, Philmix (registered trademark) (Primix Corporation), and self-revolution. Examples include mixers and wet planetary ball mills.

そして、このようにして得られた混合液を乾燥し、溶媒を除去することで、グラフェンで被覆された本発明の正極材料を得ることが出来る。乾燥方法には制限はなく、真空乾燥オーブン、スプレードライ法、凍結乾燥法などが挙げられるが、乾燥時の凝集を防止する点では凍結乾燥法が好ましい。 Then, the positive electrode material of the present invention coated with graphene can be obtained by drying the mixed solution thus obtained and removing the solvent. The drying method is not limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum drying oven, a spray drying method, and a freeze drying method, but the freeze drying method is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing agglomeration during drying.

また、グラフェンを薄膜状にすることが出来れば、溶媒を使用せずに固相で混合しても良い。固相混合する装置としては自動乳鉢・乾式遊星ボールミル・ハイブリダイザー(株式会社奈良機械製作所)やノビルタ(登録商標)(ホソカワミクロン株式会社)などが挙げられる。 Further, if graphene can be made into a thin film, it may be mixed in a solid phase without using a solvent. Examples of the device for solid-phase mixing include an automatic mortar, a dry planetary ball mill, a hybridizer (Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.) and Nobilta (registered trademark) (Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.).

本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極は、前述のように作製した正極材料を溶媒と混合して正極ペーストを調製し、得られた正極ペーストを集電体に塗布し、その後正極ペーストを乾燥させることを含む製造方法によって製造することができる。また、粒子径Daが3μm以上20μm以下である粒状正極活物質と、粒子径Dbが(Db/Da)が0.1≦Db/Da≦1.0を満たすグラフェンと、を溶媒と混合して正極ペーストを調製し、得られた正極ペーストを集電体に塗布し、その後正極ペーストを乾燥させることを含む製造方法も、好ましい態様である。 For the positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention, the positive electrode material prepared as described above is mixed with a solvent to prepare a positive electrode paste, the obtained positive electrode paste is applied to a current collector, and then the positive electrode paste is dried. It can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including the above. Further, a granular positive electrode active material having a particle size Da of 3 μm or more and 20 μm or less and a graphene having a particle size Db (Db / Da) satisfying 0.1 ≦ Db / Da ≦ 1.0 are mixed with a solvent. A production method comprising preparing a positive electrode paste, applying the obtained positive electrode paste to a current collector, and then drying the positive electrode paste is also a preferred embodiment.

正極ペーストの調製に用いる溶媒としては、双極子モーメントが2.5D以上である非水系極性溶媒が好ましく、具体的にはN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)、γ−ブチロラクトン・水・ジメチルアセトアミドが特に好ましい。 As the solvent used for preparing the positive electrode paste, a non-aqueous polar solvent having a dipole moment of 2.5D or more is preferable, and specifically, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), γ-butyrolactone, water, and dimethylacetamide are particularly preferable. ..

また、正極用ペーストを調製する際には、正極材料、あるいは粒状正極活物質とグラフェンの他に、通常は結着剤を混合する。また、さらにグラフェン以外の導電助剤を混合してもよい。結着剤、グラフェン以外の導電助剤としては、前述したものを用いることができる。結着剤の含有量としては、粒状正極活物質に対して0.5〜5重量%であることが好ましく、0.75〜1.5重量%であることがより好ましい。 When preparing the positive electrode paste, a binder is usually mixed in addition to the positive electrode material or the granular positive electrode active material and graphene. Further, a conductive auxiliary agent other than graphene may be further mixed. As the conductive auxiliary agent other than the binder and graphene, the above-mentioned ones can be used. The content of the binder is preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.75 to 1.5% by weight, based on the granular positive electrode active material.

正極ペースト中のグラフェンの添加量は、特に限定されるものではなく、正極活物質の被覆率を適切に制御出来るよう適宜調整することができるが、少なすぎるとレート特性としては不十分となり、多すぎると被覆厚みが厚くなりレート特性が悪化することから、粒状正極活物質に対して0.5〜5質量%添加することが好ましく、0.75〜1.5質量%添加することがより好ましい。正極ペーストを調製する際、グラフェンは粉末のまま添加してもよいが、分散性の点からは、分散液の状態で添加することが好ましい。 The amount of graphene added to the positive electrode paste is not particularly limited and can be appropriately adjusted so that the coverage of the positive electrode active material can be appropriately controlled. However, if it is too small, the rate characteristics will be insufficient, and the amount will be large. If it is too much, the coating thickness becomes thick and the rate characteristics deteriorate. Therefore, it is preferable to add 0.5 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.75 to 1.5% by mass with respect to the granular positive electrode active material. .. When preparing the positive electrode paste, graphene may be added as a powder, but from the viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferable to add graphene in the form of a dispersion.

溶媒と混合する手法には制限はないが、せん断力を加えることのできる装置が好ましく、例えばプラネタリーミキサー、フィルミックス(登録商標)(プライミクス社)、自公転ミキサー、湿式遊星ボールミルなど、前述の正極材料の製造において記載したのと同様の装置を用いることができる。 The method of mixing with a solvent is not limited, but a device capable of applying a shearing force is preferable, and examples thereof include a planetary mixer, Philmix (registered trademark) (Primix Corporation), a self-revolving mixer, and a wet planetary ball mill. The same equipment as described in the production of the positive electrode material can be used.

以下、実施例により本発明を具体的かつより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例のみに制限されるものではない。ただし、以下の実施例4は比較例に読み替えるものとする。なお実施例中の部は特に具体的な記載のない限り重量部を意味する。実施例中の物性値は、下記の方法によって測定した。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail and concretely with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. However, the following Example 4 shall be read as a comparative example. The parts in the examples mean parts by weight unless otherwise specified. The physical property values in the examples were measured by the following methods.

A.放電容量の測定
各実施例、比較例で作製した正極を、ガラスチューブオーブンにて120℃で3時間真空乾燥した。ガラスチューブに入れた状態(真空状態)のままArグローブボックス(美和製作所社製)内に搬送し、Ar雰囲気で開放した。対極として金属リチウムを用い、電解液としてLiPF/EC+DMC(富山薬品(株)製 LI−PASTE1)を200μL用いたコイン形モデルセルを作製した。
A. Measurement of Discharge Capacity The positive electrodes prepared in each Example and Comparative Example were vacuum dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours in a glass tube oven. It was transported into an Ar glove box (manufactured by Miwa Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) while still in a glass tube (vacuum state), and opened in an Ar atmosphere. A coin-shaped model cell was prepared using metallic lithium as the counter electrode and 200 μL of LiPF 6 / EC + DMC (LI-PASSE1 manufactured by Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) as the electrolytic solution.

作製したコインセルを充放電試験機(東洋システム社製 TOSCAT−3100)にセットし、0.1Cの電流密度で4.3V(v s.Li/Li+)まで充電し、0.1Cの定電流で3 .0V(v s.Li/Li+)まで放電する条件で、充放電を3回繰り返した。さらに、充電電流密度を1C(1.9mA/cm2)で固定し、放電電流密度を1C(1.9mA/ cm2)、および5C(9.5mA/cm2)の電流密度で放電させたときの放電容量を求めた。 The manufactured coin cell is set in a charge / discharge tester (TOSCAT-3100 manufactured by Toyo Systems Co., Ltd.), charged to 4.3 V (vs. Li / Li +) with a current density of 0.1 C, and with a constant current of 0.1 C. 3. Charging and discharging were repeated 3 times under the condition of discharging to 0 V (vs. Li / Li +). Furthermore, the discharge when the charging current density is fixed at 1C (1.9mA / cm2) and the discharge current density is discharged at the current densities of 1C (1.9mA / cm2) and 5C (9.5mA / cm2). The capacity was calculated.

B.X線光電子分光測定
各サンプルのX線光電子分光測定は、Quantera SXM (PHI 社製))を使用して測定した。励起X線は、monochromatic Al Kα1,2 線(1486.6eV)であり、X線径は200μm、光電子脱出角度は45°である。
B. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Measurement The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of each sample was measured using Quantera SXM (manufactured by PHI). The excited X-rays are monochromatic Al Kα1 and 2 lines (1486.6 eV), the X-ray diameter is 200 μm, and the photoelectron escape angle is 45 °.

C.グラフェンの比表面積の測定
グラフェンの比表面積は、全自動比表面積測定装置 HM Model−1210(Macsorb社製)を使用して測定した。測定原理はBET流動法(1点法)、脱気条件は100℃×180分とした。
D.グラフェンの粒子径の測定
グラフェン粉末をHORIBA社製粒度分布測定装置LASER SCATTERING PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYZER LA−920で測定した粒度分布の中央値を粒子径とした。水循環系で装置内蔵の超音波印加しながら測定した。グラフェンの屈折率は1.43とした。
C. Measurement of Specific Surface Area of Graphene The specific surface area of graphene was measured using a fully automatic specific surface area measuring device HM Model-1210 (manufactured by Macsorb). The measurement principle was the BET flow method (one-point method), and the degassing conditions were 100 ° C. x 180 minutes.
D. Measurement of Particle Size of Graphene The median value of the particle size distribution of graphene powder measured by HORIBA's particle size distribution measuring device LASER SCATTERING PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYZER LA-920 was defined as the particle size. The measurement was performed while applying ultrasonic waves built into the device in the water circulation system. The refractive index of graphene was 1.43.

E.平均被覆率の測定
走査電子顕微鏡により正極材料の1個を拡大して観察し、観察像を二次元平面とみなした上で正極材料の面積に占めるグラフェン被覆部分の面積を算出した。この操作をランダムに選択した粒状正極活物質50個について行い、その平均値を平均被覆率とした。
E. Measurement of average coverage The area of the graphene-coated portion in the area of the positive electrode material was calculated after observing one of the positive electrode materials by magnifying it with a scanning electron microscope and regarding the observed image as a two-dimensional plane. This operation was performed on 50 randomly selected granular positive electrode active materials, and the average value was taken as the average coverage.

[調製例1]グラフェン分散液(メジアン径21μm)の調製
平均粒子径25μmの天然黒鉛粉末(伊藤黒鉛社、品番Z−25)を原料として、氷浴中の10gの天然黒鉛粉末に、220mlの98%濃硫酸、5gの硝酸ナトリウム、30gの過マンガン酸カリウムを入れ、1時間機械攪拌し、混合液の温度は20℃以下で保持した。この混合液を氷浴から取り出し、35℃水浴中で4時間攪拌反応し、その後イオン交換水500mlを入れて得られた懸濁液を90℃で更に15分反応を行った。最後に600mlのイオン交換水と50mlの過酸化水素を入れ、5分間の反応を行い、酸化グラフェン分散液を得た。これを濾過し、希塩酸溶液で金属イオンを洗浄し、イオン交換水で酸を洗浄し、pHが7になるまで洗浄を繰り返して酸化グラフェンゲルを作製した。作製した酸化グラフェンゲルの酸素原子の炭素原子に対する元素組成比は0.53であった。作製した酸化グラフェンゲルをイオン交換水で、濃度30mg/mlに希釈し、超音波洗浄機で30分処理し、均一酸化グラフェン分散液を得た。
[Preparation Example 1] Preparation of Graphene Dispersion Solution (Median Diameter 21 μm) Using natural graphite powder (Ito Graphite Co., Ltd., product number Z-25) having an average particle diameter of 25 μm as a raw material, 220 ml of natural graphite powder in an ice bath was added to 10 g of natural graphite powder. 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, 5 g of sodium nitrate and 30 g of potassium permanganate were added and mechanically stirred for 1 hour, and the temperature of the mixed solution was maintained at 20 ° C. or lower. This mixed solution was taken out from the ice bath, stirred and reacted in a water bath at 35 ° C. for 4 hours, and then the suspension obtained by adding 500 ml of ion-exchanged water was reacted at 90 ° C. for another 15 minutes. Finally, 600 ml of ion-exchanged water and 50 ml of hydrogen peroxide were added, and the reaction was carried out for 5 minutes to obtain a graphene oxide dispersion. This was filtered, metal ions were washed with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution, the acid was washed with ion-exchanged water, and the washing was repeated until the pH reached 7, to prepare a graphene oxide gel. The elemental composition ratio of the oxygen atom of the produced graphene oxide gel to the carbon atom was 0.53. The prepared graphene oxide gel was diluted with ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 30 mg / ml and treated with an ultrasonic cleaner for 30 minutes to obtain a uniform graphene oxide dispersion.

該酸化グラフェン分散液20mlと、表面処理剤として0.3gのドーパミン塩酸塩を混合し、フィルミックス(登録商標)(プライミクス社、30−30型)で回転速度40m/s(せん断速度:毎秒40000)で60秒処理した。処理後に酸化グラフェン分散液を5mg/mlに希釈し、分散液20mlに0.3gの亜ジチオン酸ナトリウムを入れて還元反応時間を1時間、還元反応温度を室温40℃で反応させ、濾過、水洗、乾燥した後グラフェン粉末を得た。 20 ml of the graphene oxide dispersion and 0.3 g of dopamine hydrochloride as a surface treatment agent are mixed, and the rotation speed is 40 m / s (shear velocity: 40,000 per second) with Philmix (registered trademark) (Primix, 30-30 type). ) Was processed for 60 seconds. After the treatment, the graphene oxide dispersion is diluted to 5 mg / ml, 0.3 g of sodium dithionite is added to 20 ml of the dispersion, the reduction reaction time is 1 hour, the reduction reaction temperature is 40 ° C., and the mixture is filtered and washed with water. After drying, graphene powder was obtained.

得られたグラフェン粉末のメジアン径は21μmであった。前記B項に従って測定した酸素原子の炭素原子に対する元素組成比は0.13であり、前記C項に従って測定した比表面積は180m/gであり、得られたグラフェン粉末にNMPを加え、フィルミックス(プライミクス社、30−30型)を用いて混合して、固形分濃度2BB.5%のグラフェン分散液を得た。 The median diameter of the obtained graphene powder was 21 μm. The element composition ratio of the oxygen atom to the carbon atom measured according to the above item B was 0.13, the specific surface area measured according to the above item C was 180 m 2 / g, and NMP was added to the obtained graphene powder to fill mix. (Primix, 30-30 type) was mixed and solid content concentration 2BB. A 5% graphene dispersion was obtained.

[調製例2]グラフェン分散液(メジアン径10μm)の調製
濃度30mg/mlの均一酸化グラフェン分散液を作製した後に、超音波装置UP400S(hielscher社)を使用して、出力300Wで超音波を5分間印加(微細化工程)した以外は、調製例1と同様にグラフェン粉末を得た。
[Preparation Example 2] Preparation of Graphene Dispersion Solution (Median Diameter 10 μm) After preparing a uniform graphene oxide dispersion solution having a concentration of 30 mg / ml, ultrasonic waves are applied at an output of 300 W using an ultrasonic device UP400S (heelscher). Graphene powder was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that it was applied for a minute (micronization step).

グラフェン粉末のメジアン径は10μmであった。グラフェン粉末の比表面積は190m/gであり、前記B項に従って測定した酸素原子の炭素原子に対する元素組成比は0.13であった。得られたグラフェン粉末にNMPを加え、フィルミックス(プライミクス社、30−30型)を用いて混合して、固形分濃度2.5%のグラフェン分散液を得た。 The median diameter of the graphene powder was 10 μm. The specific surface area of the graphene powder was 190 m 2 / g, and the elemental composition ratio of the oxygen atom to the carbon atom measured according to the above item B was 0.13. NMP was added to the obtained graphene powder and mixed with Philmix (Primix Corporation, 30-30 type) to obtain a graphene dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.5%.

[調製例3]グラフェン分散液(メジアン径3.4μm)の調製
濃度30mg/mlの均一酸化グラフェン分散液を作製した後に、超音波装置UP400S(hielscher社)を使用して、出力300Wで超音波を30分間印加(微細化工程)した以外は、調製例1と同様にグラフェン粉末を得た。
[Preparation Example 3] Preparation of Graphene Dispersion Solution (Median Diameter 3.4 μm) After preparing a uniform graphene oxide dispersion solution with a concentration of 30 mg / ml, ultrasonic waves are used at an output of 300 W using an ultrasonic device UP400S (heelscher). Graphene powder was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that the graphene powder was applied for 30 minutes (micronization step).

グラフェン粉末のメジアン径は3.4μmであった。グラフェン粉末の比表面積は190m/gであり、前記B項に従って測定した酸素原子の炭素原子に対する元素組成比は0.13であった。得られたグラフェン粉末にNMPを加え、フィルミックス(プライミクス社、30−30型)を用いて混合して、固形分濃度2.5%のグラフェン分散液を得た。 The median diameter of the graphene powder was 3.4 μm. The specific surface area of the graphene powder was 190 m 2 / g, and the elemental composition ratio of the oxygen atom to the carbon atom measured according to the above item B was 0.13. NMP was added to the obtained graphene powder and mixed with Philmix (Primix Corporation, 30-30 type) to obtain a graphene dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.5%.

[調製例4]グラフェン分散液(メジアン径0.7μm)の調製
濃度30mg/mlの均一酸化グラフェン分散液を作製した後に、超音波装置UP400S(hielscher社)を使用して、出力300Wで超音波を3時間印加(微細化工程)した以外は、調製例1と同様にグラフェン粉末を得た。
[Preparation Example 4] Preparation of Graphene Dispersion Solution (Median Diameter 0.7 μm) After preparing a uniform graphene oxide dispersion with a concentration of 30 mg / ml, ultrasonic waves are used at an output of 300 W using an ultrasonic device UP400S (heelscher). Graphene powder was obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that the graphene powder was applied for 3 hours (micronization step).

グラフェン粉末のメジアン径は0.7μmであった。グラフェン粉末の比表面積は190m/gであり、前記B項に従って測定した酸素原子の炭素原子に対する元素組成比は0.13であった。得られたグラフェン粉末にNMPを加え、フィルミックス(プライミクス社、30−30型)を用いて混合して、固形分濃度2.5%のグラフェン分散液を得た。 The median diameter of the graphene powder was 0.7 μm. The specific surface area of the graphene powder was 190 m 2 / g, and the elemental composition ratio of the oxygen atom to the carbon atom measured according to the above item B was 0.13. NMP was added to the obtained graphene powder and mixed with Philmix (Primix Corporation, 30-30 type) to obtain a graphene dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.5%.

[調整例5]グラフェン分散液(メジアン径3.2μm)の調製
濃度30mg/mlの均一酸化グラフェン分散液を作製した後に、ドーパミン塩酸塩を加える工程を省き、超音波装置UP400S(hielscher社)を使用して、出力300Wで超音波を30分間印加(微細化工程)した以外は、調整例1と同様にグラフェン粉末を得た。グラフェン粉末のメジアン径は3.2μmであった。グラフェン粉末の比表面積は250m/gであり、前記B項に従って測定した酸素原子の炭素原子に対する元素組成比は0.12であった。得られたグラフェン粉末にNMPを加え、フィルミックス(プライミクス社、30−30型)を用いて混合して、固形分濃度2.5%のグラフェン分散液を得た。
[Adjustment Example 5] Preparation of Graphene Dispersion Solution (Median Diameter 3.2 μm) After preparing a uniform graphene oxide dispersion solution having a concentration of 30 mg / ml, the step of adding dopamine hydrochloride was omitted, and the ultrasonic device UP400S (heelscher) was used. Graphene powder was obtained in the same manner as in Adjustment Example 1 except that ultrasonic waves were applied for 30 minutes at an output of 300 W (micronization step). The median diameter of the graphene powder was 3.2 μm. The specific surface area of the graphene powder was 250 m 2 / g, and the elemental composition ratio of the oxygen atom to the carbon atom measured according to the above item B was 0.12. NMP was added to the obtained graphene powder and mixed with Philmix (Primix Corporation, 30-30 type) to obtain a graphene dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2.5%.

[実施例1]
三元系の正極活物質LiMn0.3Ni0.5Co0.2(ユミコア社製、二次造粒体、メジアン径12μm、一次粒子径0.7μm)3g、調製例2で作製したグラフェン分散液を0.9g(固形分で22.5mg)、アセチレンブラック(電気化学社)22.5mg、8%のポリフッ化ビニリデンNMP溶液(PVDF)(呉羽化学工業(株)製、 KF1000)を0.5625g(固形分で45mg)添加し、さらにNMPを510mg溶媒として添加し、自公転ミキサー(シンキー社製、あわとり錬太郎ARE−310)で2000RPMの回転数で5分間混合して正極ペーストを調製した。最終的な正極ペーストの組成比は、活物質:グラフェン:アセチレンブラック:ポリフッ化ビニリデン=100:0.75:0.75:1.5であった。
[Example 1]
Three-way positive electrode active material LiMn 0.3 Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 O 2 (manufactured by Yumicore, secondary granule, median diameter 12 μm, primary particle diameter 0.7 μm) 3 g, prepared in Preparation Example 2. 0.9 g (22.5 mg in solid content), 22.5 mg of acetylene black (electrochemical company), 8% polyvinylidene fluoride NMP solution (PVDF) (manufactured by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., KF1000) 0.5625 g (45 mg in solid content) was added, and NMP was further added as a 510 mg solvent, mixed with a self-revolving mixer (Sinky, Awatori Rentaro ARE-310) at a rotation speed of 2000 RPM for 5 minutes to obtain a positive electrode. A paste was prepared. The composition ratio of the final positive electrode paste was active material: graphene: acetylene black: polyvinylidene fluoride = 100: 0.75: 0.75: 1.5.

次いで、この正極ペーストを、集電体となる20μmのアルミ箔(日本製箔社製)の上に、ギャップ300μmのドクターブレードを用いて塗布し、80℃で30分間乾燥した後、油圧式プレス機で20kg・f/cmの圧力でプレスを行った。その後、アルミ箔と共にφ16mmのポンチで打ち抜いた。得られた正極の合剤層の重量は25mg、合剤層の厚みは55μmであった。前記D項に従って測定した平均被覆率は86%であった。合剤層の表面をXPSにより測定したところ、Li,Co,Ni,Mnの元素比を全て足し合わせた合計元素比率(全元素に対する粒状正極活物質由来の金属元素の比率)は1.5%であった。また、XPSにより測定される、Li,Co,Ni,Mnの合計元素量に対するN元素量の比率は、93%であった。 Next, this positive electrode paste was applied onto a 20 μm aluminum foil (manufactured by Nippon Foil Co., Ltd.) as a current collector using a doctor blade with a gap of 300 μm, dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then hydraulically pressed. Pressing was performed with a machine at a pressure of 20 kg / f / cm 2 . Then, it was punched out with a punch of φ16 mm together with aluminum foil. The weight of the obtained mixture layer of the positive electrode was 25 mg, and the thickness of the mixture layer was 55 μm. The average coverage measured according to the D term was 86%. When the surface of the mixture layer was measured by XPS, the total element ratio (the ratio of metal elements derived from the granular positive electrode active material to all elements) was 1.5%, which was the sum of all the element ratios of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn. Met. The ratio of the amount of N elements to the total amount of elements of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn measured by XPS was 93%.

[実施例2]
グラフェン分散液を調製例3で作製したものを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に正極を作製し、評価した。作製した電極の活物質を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察した写真を図1に示す。
[Example 2]
A positive electrode was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graphene dispersion prepared in Preparation Example 3 was used. FIG. 1 shows a photograph of the produced active material of the electrode observed with a scanning electron microscope.

[実施例3]
調製例2で作製したグラフェン分散液を1.8g(固形分で45mg)使用し、アセチレンブラックを使用せずに、正極ペーストを作製し、組成比を活物質:グラフェン:アセチレンブラック:ポリフッ化ビニリデン=100:1.5:0:1.5とした以外は、実施例1と同様に正極を作製し、評価した。
[Example 3]
Using 1.8 g (45 mg in solid content) of the graphene dispersion prepared in Preparation Example 2, a positive electrode paste was prepared without using acetylene black, and the composition ratio was changed to active substance: graphene: acetylene black: polyvinylidene fluoride. A positive electrode was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that = 100: 1.5: 0: 1.5.

[実施例4]
グラフェン分散液を調製例5で作製したものを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に正極を作製し、評価した。
[Example 4]
A positive electrode was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graphene dispersion prepared in Preparation Example 5 was used.

[比較例1]
グラフェン分散液を調製例1で作製したものを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に正極を作製し、評価した。
[Comparative Example 1]
A positive electrode was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graphene dispersion prepared in Preparation Example 1 was used.

[比較例2]
グラフェン分散液を調製例4で作製したものを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に正極を作製し、評価した。
[Comparative Example 2]
A positive electrode was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the graphene dispersion prepared in Preparation Example 4 was used.

[比較例3]
グラフェン使用せず、アセチレンブラックを45mgして、正極ペーストを作製し、組成比を活物質:グラフェン:アセチレンブラック:ポリフッ化ビニリデン=100:0:1.5:1.5とした以外は実施例1と同様に正極を作製し、評価した。
[Comparative Example 3]
Examples except that 45 mg of acetylene black was used without using graphene to prepare a positive electrode paste, and the composition ratio was set to active material: graphene: acetylene black: polyvinylidene fluoride = 100: 0: 1.5: 1.5. A positive electrode was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in 1.

各実施例、比較例における正極の構成、前記A項に従って測定した放電容量および前記B項に従って測定した合剤層表面のLi,Co,Ni,Mnの合計元素比率(粒状正極活物質由来の金属元素の組成比)、N元素比率、N元素/Li,Co,Ni,Mnの合計元素の比を表1に示す。 The composition of the positive electrode in each Example and Comparative Example, the discharge capacity measured according to the above item A, and the total element ratio of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn on the surface of the mixture layer measured according to the above item B (metal derived from the granular positive electrode active material). Table 1 shows the composition ratio of elements), the N element ratio, and the ratio of the total elements of N element / Li, Co, Ni, and Mn.

Claims (7)

粒状正極活物質をグラフェンで被覆してな、前記粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daが3μm以上20μm以下であり、かつ前記グラフェンの粒子径Dbを前記粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daで除した値(Db/Da)が0.10≦Db/Da≦1.0を満たすリチウム二次電池用正極材料を含むリチウム二次電池用正極であって、集電体と合剤層を有し、前記合剤層中に前記粒状正極活物質を95%質量以上含み、かつ前記合剤層表面のX線光電子分光分析により測定される、全元素に対する前記粒状正極活物質由来の金属元素の組成比が2%以下である、リチウム二次電池用正極。 Ri Na coated particulate positive electrode active material in graphene, particle diameter Da of the particulate positive active material is at 3μm or 20μm or less, and obtained by dividing the particle diameter Db of the graphene particle diameter Da of the particulate positive electrode active material A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery having a value (Db / Da) satisfying 0.10 ≦ Db / Da ≦ 1.0 , which has a current collector and a mixture layer. The composition ratio of the metal element derived from the granular positive electrode active material to all the elements, which contains 95% or more of the granular positive electrode active material in the mixture layer and is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of the surface of the mixture layer. Is 2% or less, a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery. 粒状正極活物質をグラフェンで被覆してなり、前記粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daが3μm以上20μm以下であり、かつ前記グラフェンの粒子径Dbを前記粒状正極活物質の粒子径Daで除した値(Db/Da)が0.10≦Db/Da≦1.0を満たすリチウム二次電池用正極材料を含むリチウム二次電池用正極であって、集電体と合剤層を有し、前記合剤層表面のX線光電子分光分析により測定される、正極活物質由来の金属元素に対する窒素元素の比率が25%以上200%以下である、リチウム二次電池用正極。A value obtained by coating the granular positive electrode active material with graphene, the particle size Da of the granular positive electrode active material is 3 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and the particle size Db of the graphene is divided by the particle size Da of the granular positive electrode active material. A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery containing a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery in which (Db / Da) satisfies 0.10 ≦ Db / Da ≦ 1.0, which has a current collector and a mixture layer, and is described above. A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, wherein the ratio of the nitrogen element to the metal element derived from the positive electrode active material is 25% or more and 200% or less, which is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of the surface of the mixture layer. 前記合剤層表面のX線光電子分光分析により測定される、正極活物質由来の金属元素に対する窒素元素の比率が25%以上200%以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極。The positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the nitrogen element to the metal element derived from the positive electrode active material, which is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of the mixture layer, is 25% or more and 200% or less. .. 前記グラフェンによる前記粒状正極活物質の平均被覆率が50%以上95%以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極。The positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the average coverage of the granular positive electrode active material with graphene is 50% or more and 95% or less. 前記粒状正極活物質が二次造粒体であり、かつ該二次造粒体を構成する一次粒子の粒子径が0.2μm以上1μm以下である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極。The invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the granular positive electrode active material is a secondary granule, and the particle size of the primary particles constituting the secondary granule is 0.2 μm or more and 1 μm or less. Positive electrode for lithium secondary batteries. 前記グラフェンの、X線光電子分光分析により測定される炭素に対する酸素の元素比(O/C比)が0.06以上0.25以下である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極。The lithium ion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the element ratio (O / C ratio) of oxygen to carbon measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of graphene is 0.06 or more and 0.25 or less. Positive electrode for next battery. 粒子径Daが3μm以上20μm以下である粒状正極活物質と、Granular positive electrode active material with a particle size Da of 3 μm or more and 20 μm or less,
粒子径Dbが(Db/Da)が0.1≦Db/Da≦1.0を満たすグラフェンと、Graphene having a particle size Db (Db / Da) satisfying 0.1 ≦ Db / Da ≦ 1.0,
を溶媒と混合して正極ペーストを調製し;To prepare a positive electrode paste by mixing with a solvent;
得られた正極ペーストを集電体に塗布し;The obtained positive electrode paste is applied to the current collector;
その後該正極ペーストを乾燥させる;The positive electrode paste is then dried;
ことを含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のリチウム二次電池用正極の製造方法。The method for producing a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the above.
JP2017007302A 2016-01-27 2017-01-19 Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery and its manufacturing method Active JP6760097B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2016013131 2016-01-27
JP2016013131 2016-01-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2017135105A JP2017135105A (en) 2017-08-03
JP2017135105A5 JP2017135105A5 (en) 2019-10-17
JP6760097B2 true JP6760097B2 (en) 2020-09-23

Family

ID=59504492

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2017007302A Active JP6760097B2 (en) 2016-01-27 2017-01-19 Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery and its manufacturing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP6760097B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107910532B (en) * 2017-11-20 2020-09-01 复旦大学 Preparation method of graphene-coated nickel cobalt lithium manganate composite material
JP7102831B2 (en) * 2018-03-23 2022-07-20 Tdk株式会社 Positive electrode and lithium ion secondary battery
EP3852168A4 (en) * 2018-09-10 2022-07-27 Toray Industries, Inc. Electrode for secondary battery and secondary battery
WO2020090704A1 (en) 2018-10-31 2020-05-07 東レ株式会社 Graphene dispersion, method for producing same, and electrode for secondary battery

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102530926A (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-07-04 东丽纤维研究所(中国)有限公司 Method for preparing graphene based on hydrosulfite
JP2012169217A (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-09-06 Asahi Glass Co Ltd Positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary battery, and method for manufacturing the same
CN103466602A (en) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-25 东丽先端材料研究开发(中国)有限公司 Preparation method of graphene powder, and application of graphene powder in lithium ion battery
US9722248B2 (en) * 2012-06-20 2017-08-01 Cabot Corporation Electrode formulations comprising graphenes
KR20140038884A (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-31 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 Electrode material for power storage device, electrode for power storage device, and power storage device
CN104852051A (en) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-19 东丽先端材料研究开发(中国)有限公司 Graphene powder and preparation method and lithium ion battery containing graphene powder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2017135105A (en) 2017-08-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR102382277B1 (en) Positive electrode for lithium ion secondary battery, graphene-positive electrode active material composite particle and method for manufacturing the same, and positive electrode paste for lithium ion secondary battery
US10243209B2 (en) Active material composite particle, electrode active material layer, and all solid lithium battery
JP6930196B2 (en) Positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries and their manufacturing methods, positive electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion batteries
JP4945906B2 (en) Secondary battery negative electrode and secondary battery using the same
KR101752566B1 (en) Active material composite particles and lithium battery
JP5448555B2 (en) Negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery, lithium ion secondary battery using the same, slurry for preparing negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery, and method for producing negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery
JP6760097B2 (en) Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery and its manufacturing method
KR20130119447A (en) Negative electrode active material for lithium ion secondary cell, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary cell, and lithium ion secondary cell
JP6696632B1 (en) Graphene dispersion, method for producing the same, and electrode for secondary battery
JP2004186075A (en) Electrode for secondary battery and secondary battery using this
JP6982788B2 (en) Secondary battery electrodes and their manufacturing methods
JP4938182B2 (en) Non-aqueous secondary battery
WO2020066909A1 (en) Electrode for secondary batteries and lithium ion secondary battery
JP2019207792A (en) Positive electrode, all-solid battery, and method of manufacturing the same
JP6760512B1 (en) Secondary battery electrodes and secondary batteries
WO2022070542A1 (en) Electrode and method for producing electrode
JP2004039538A (en) Positive electrode active material for secondary battery
TW201448325A (en) Electrode formulation, method for preparing the same, and electrode comprising the same
JP2006008462A (en) Granular composite carbon material and its manufacturing method, and negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary cell, negative electrode for lithium ion secondary cell and lithium ion secondary cell
JP2004039539A (en) Positive electrode active material for secondary battery
JP2020033244A (en) MANUFACTURING METHOD OF GRAPHENE-Si COMPOSITE
EP4303958A1 (en) Electrode material, method of producing electrode material, and method of producing all-solid-state battery
JP6965850B2 (en) Manufacturing method of positive electrode active material
JP2021002518A (en) Manufacturing method of electrode paste for secondary battery
CN117059791A (en) Lithium-rich composite material and preparation method and application thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20190909

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20190909

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20200529

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20200630

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20200703

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20200804

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20200817

R151 Written notification of patent or utility model registration

Ref document number: 6760097

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151