JP6750170B1 - Deep-sea transport device for sea surface water by waves - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】 波を利用して、表層の暖かい海水を、数百メートルの深さの深海へ送り込み、海水面の温度を下げ、延いては大気の温度を下げ、地球温暖化を解消しようとするものである。【解決手段】 波が乗り上げ易い側面形状を持つフロートを海面に浮かべ、そのフロートの中心部に窪んだ空間を設け、その窪みの中心の底に数百メートルのホースを垂下できる貫通した接続部を持ち、波が乗り越えた時に、窪みの空間を海水が満たし、その海水の重力で、垂下したホースの先端から深海に海水を送り込み拡散させる。【選択図】図１PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate global warming by sending warm seawater on the surface layer into the deep sea at a depth of several hundred meters by using waves to lower the temperature of the sea surface and eventually the temperature of the atmosphere. It is a thing. SOLUTION: A float having a side shape on which waves can easily ride is floated on the sea surface, a recessed space is provided in the center of the float, and a penetrating connection portion capable of hanging a hose of several hundred meters at the bottom of the center of the recess is provided. When the waves get over it, seawater fills the hollow space, and the gravity of the seawater sends seawater from the tip of the hanging hose into the deep sea and diffuses it. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1
Description
本発明は、波を利用して、海面の暖かい表層水を深海に送り込み、地球温暖化を解消しようとする装置に関するものである。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a device that uses waves to send warm surface water on the surface of the sea into the deep sea to eliminate global warming.
近年、地球の温暖化によって、様々な分野でその弊害が顕著になりつつある。地球の温暖化とは、気温の上昇であり、主に大気の温度が上昇していることになる。
海洋は、地球の表面積の約３／４を占め、平均水深が４０００ｍ近くあり、海水は、冷たくなる程比重が増して重くなる為、０℃近くになる最深部まで、深さと共に温度が下がる、安定した状態が維持されていることが知られている。In recent years, due to global warming, the harmful effects thereof have become remarkable in various fields. Global warming is an increase in temperature, which means that the temperature of the atmosphere is rising.
The ocean occupies about 3/4 of the surface area of the earth, and the average water depth is close to 4000 m. Since the specific gravity of seawater increases as it gets colder and heavier, the temperature drops with the depth to the deepest part near 0°C. It is known that a stable state is maintained.
大気の温度が海面より低い海域では、冷やされた海水が、その密度に対応する深さまで沈み込み、大気と海面で活発な熱交換が行なわれ、大気は温められている。
一方、大気の温度が海面より高い海域では、暖かい大気と、太陽によって温められた表面の海水は、増々軽くなって海面を覆い、大気との熱交換が緩慢になっているが、風波による撹拌が及ぶ表層によって、大気は冷却されている。In the sea area where the temperature of the atmosphere is lower than the sea level, the cooled seawater sinks to a depth corresponding to its density, and active heat exchange is performed between the atmosphere and the sea level, thereby warming the atmosphere.
On the other hand, in the sea area where the temperature of the atmosphere is higher than the sea level, the warm atmosphere and the seawater heated by the sun become lighter and cover the sea surface, and the heat exchange with the atmosphere becomes slow, but the agitation by wind waves causes The atmosphere is cooled by the surface layer that extends over.
すでに公知の知見を基に、地球を俯瞰しながら、空と海についての理解を深めてみると、まず、地球を覆っている大気の総重量：Ｍａは、気圧は大気の重力であるので、
海面上１平方米当たり鉛直上方にある大気の質量 ＝ 気圧の平均値（１０１３．２５ｈＰａ：便宜上１ａｔｍとする）／９．８：Ｇ（標準重力加速度）
を得て、地球の表面積（４×π×６３６６２：地球の半径の二乗）ｋｍ２を掛けることで、大気全体の重さを求めることができる。単位を調整して計算した結果、
Ｍａ＝５．２７×１０１８ｋｇの概算が得られる。Based on the already known knowledge, when we take a bird's eye view of the earth and deepen our understanding of the sky and the sea, first, the total weight of the atmosphere covering the earth: Ma, because the atmospheric pressure is the gravity of the atmosphere,
The mass of the atmosphere vertically above 1 square meter above the sea level = Average atmospheric pressure (1013.25 hPa: 1 atm for convenience)/9.8: G (standard gravity acceleration)
Then, by multiplying the surface area of the earth (4×π×6366 2 :square of the radius of the earth) km 2 , the weight of the entire atmosphere can be obtained. As a result of adjusting the unit and calculating,
An approximation of Ma=5.27×10 18 kg is obtained.
一方、海洋に存在する海水の総重量：Ｍｏは、
Ｍｏ＝地球の表面積（４×π×６３６６２）ｋｍ２×０．７０８：海の占有比率＜注１＞×３７９２ｍ：平均水深＜注＞ × １０２５．１ｋｇ／ｍ３：２０℃の海水の比重を便宜上使用
この式から計算すると（注１は、Ｗｉｋｉｐｅｄｉａより引用）、
Ｍｏ＝ １．４０× １０２１ｋｇの概算値が得られる。On the other hand, the total weight of seawater present in the ocean: Mo is
Mo = Surface area of the earth (4 x π x 6366 2 ) km 2 x 0.708: Occupation ratio of the sea <Note 1> x 3792 m: Average water depth <Note> × 1025.1 kg/m 3 : Specific gravity of seawater at 20°C Calculated from this formula (Note 1 quoted from Wikipedia)
An approximate value of Mo=1.40×10 21 kg is obtained.
これらから、海洋全体および大気圏全体の熱容量を比較すると、
海洋／大気の熱容量比 ＝ （Ｍｏ× ３．９７Ｊ／ｇ℃：２０℃の海水の比熱）／（Ｍａ × １．００６Ｊ／ｇ℃：２０℃の空気の定圧比熱） ≒ １０４８ が求められる（２０℃の値を代表値として用いている）。From these, comparing the heat capacities of the whole ocean and the whole atmosphere,
Ocean/atmosphere heat capacity ratio=(Mo×3.97 J/g° C.: specific heat of seawater at 20° C.)/(Ma×1.006 J/g° C.: constant pressure specific heat of air at 20° C.) ≈1048 (20) The value in °C is used as a representative value).
即ち、海洋は大気圏の１０００倍以上の熱容量を持っており、このことは、大気圏全体を、海水全体で冷却し、２℃気温を下げても、海洋は平均２／１０００℃未満の温度上昇しか招かないことを意味している。 That is, the ocean has a heat capacity 1000 times higher than that of the atmosphere, which means that even if the entire atmosphere is cooled by seawater and the temperature is lowered by 2°C, the temperature of the ocean rises by less than 2/1000°C on average. It means not to invite.
海水は、０℃近くに冷やされ、或いは氷結時に塩分濃度が高くなって、比重を増し、両極近くで海底へ沈み込むことが知られている。沈み込んだ海水は、深層海流となって海底を流れ、地球の自転や風の影響を受けて、赤道近くや南アメリカ大陸の西岸などで湧昇し、好漁場を形成していることが知られている。
しかし、表層の暖かい海水を沈み込ませる仕組みを、地球は備えていない。
従って、人為的に、暖かい表層水を深海へ沈み込ませることができれば、海面の水温を下げるとともに、それに伴う大きな効果が期待できる。It is known that seawater is cooled to near 0° C., or has a high salinity concentration during freezing to increase its specific gravity and sink to the sea floor near both poles. It is known that the submerged seawater flows into the deep sea current, flows on the seabed, and is influenced by the rotation of the earth and the wind, and is welled up near the equator and the west coast of the South American continent, forming a good fishing ground. Has been.
However, the earth does not have a mechanism for sinking the warm surface seawater.
Therefore, if it is possible to artificially sink warm surface water into the deep sea, it is possible to lower the water temperature on the sea surface and to expect a great effect accompanying it.
解決しようとする課題は、世界中、どの海にも存在する波を利用して、表層の暖かい海水を、数百メートルの深さの深海へ送り込み、海水面の温度を下げ、延いては大気の温度を下げ、地球温暖化を解消しようとするものである。 The problem to be solved is to use the waves existing in every sea in the world to send warm surface seawater into the deep sea of several hundred meters deep, lower the temperature of the sea surface, and eventually the atmosphere. It aims to reduce global warming by lowering the temperature.
本発明は、波が乗り上げ易い側面形状を持つフロートを海面に浮かべ、そのフロートの中心部に窪んだ空間を設け、その窪みの中心の底に数百メートルのホースを垂下できる貫通した接続部を持ち、波が乗り越えた時に、窪みの空間を海水が満たし、その海水の重力で、垂下したホースの先端から深海に海水を送り込み拡散させる装置である。拡散させるのは、沈み込ませた海水が暖水塊となって上昇しないようにする為である。期待する効果に対応する相当数の本発明装置を、様々な海域に設置する。 The present invention floats a float having a side shape on which waves can easily ride on the sea surface, provides a hollow space at the center of the float, and has a penetrating connection part that can hang a hose of several hundred meters at the bottom of the hollow center. It is a device that fills the hollow space with seawater when the waves get over it, and the gravity of the seawater causes it to be sent to the deep sea from the tip of the hanging hose and diffused. The reason for diffusion is to prevent the submerged seawater from rising as a warm water mass. A considerable number of devices of the present invention corresponding to the expected effect are installed in various sea areas.
本発明の効果は、まず、海面の温度を下げ、それに触れる海面上の大気の温度を下げることができる。海面が大気と接触して上昇した水温は、その海水の量の約３０００倍の体積の大気から、熱交換で奪った熱量によるものである（空気１グラムの体積は７７３ｃｃ（２２．４ｌ／ｍｏｌを２８．９６６ｇ／ｍｏｌで除算）であり、海水の比熱が空気の約４倍（３．９７Ｊ／ｇ℃：２０℃の海水の比熱を、１．００６Ｊ／ｇ℃：２０℃の空気の定圧比熱で除算）であることから、それらの積が、３０５１．８倍となる）。外洋では、波高５０ｃｍ以上の波が、２０秒に１回程度は発生しているので、１日当たりでは可也の量の海水を、動力なしで深部に送り込めることになる。
また、海面で大気に触れて二酸化炭素が溶け込み、酸性化した海水の除去にも役立つ。
その他、海面温度を下げることで、海面からの蒸散量を減らし、台風などの暴風や豪雨を軽減させることができる。また、計画的に本発明装置を配置すれば、台風の進路や規模をも制御することも夢ではないと期待できる。
更に、海は、地球の巨大な熱のバッファ装置とも言われているとおり、人類にとって不要で弊害をもたらす熱を海洋に蓄え、過去に何度かあったとされる全球凍結のような、未来に起こるかも知れない寒冷化に備える一助にもできるのではないかと期待できる。The effect of the present invention is that the temperature of the sea surface can be first lowered, and the temperature of the atmosphere above the sea surface that touches it can be lowered. The rise in water temperature due to the contact of the sea surface with the atmosphere is due to the amount of heat deprived from the atmosphere, which is about 3000 times the volume of seawater, by heat exchange (the volume of 1 gram of air is 773 cc (22.4 l/mol). Is 28.966 g/mol), and the specific heat of seawater is about four times that of air (3.97 J/g°C: 20°C specific heat of seawater, 1.006 J/g°C: 20°C constant pressure of air). Divided by the specific heat), the product of them is 3051.8 times). In the open ocean, waves with a wave height of 50 cm or more are generated about once every 20 seconds, so it is possible to send as much seawater as Kaya per day to the depths without power.
It also helps remove acidified seawater by dissolving carbon dioxide when it comes into contact with the atmosphere on the surface of the sea.
In addition, by lowering the sea surface temperature, it is possible to reduce the amount of transpiration from the sea surface and reduce storms such as typhoons and heavy rainfall. Further, if the device of the present invention is systematically arranged, it can be expected that controlling the course and scale of a typhoon will not be a dream.
Furthermore, as the sea is said to be a huge buffer device for the heat of the earth, it stores heat in the ocean that is unnecessary and harmful to humankind, and in the future, such as global freezing, which has been said to have happened several times in the past. It can be expected to help prepare for the cold weather that may occur.
本発明の装置は、遠洋にも設置する必要があることから、荒天の荒波にも耐える堅牢性や耐久性、故障しない構造や、故障しても洋上でメンテナンスが行えるシンプルな作りが求められる。 Since the device of the present invention needs to be installed in the ocean, it is required to have robustness and durability to withstand the rough waves of stormy weather, a structure that does not break down, and a simple construction that allows maintenance on the sea even if a failure occurs.
図１は、本発明装置の１実施例の断面図であって、フロート１は、内部を発泡スチロール等で満たし、ビニールや強化した布等の外被で覆った浮体、（または、外殻をポリエチレン等の樹脂で成形し、内部は空洞にして浮力を確保した浮体）である。このフロート１は、上部を窪ませたポケット２を持つ構造で、ポケット２の上部は、網で覆いゴミ等の進入を防いでいる。フロート１は、なだらかに傾斜した側面を持ち、裾の下部は水没した状態にあり、波を乗り上げ易くしている。フロート１の基本形は円盤状にすることで、全方位の波に対応する。大きさは可搬性を考慮した、直径２ｍ程である。フロート１上部に設けたポケット２の底にホース用継手３を設け、それにホース４を接続して海底に垂らし、その先端に拡散器５が付いている。この継手３の取り付け位置は、ポケット２が空のフロート１が浮いた状態で、海面から高さｈ（図１）まで上に上げることができる。ポケット２は約１２リットルの容積があり、直径約３０ｃｍ、深さ約１６．５ｃｍの大きさで、フロート１全体の高さは、５０ｃｍ程度である。ｈは、ホースの最下部の水圧と、海面近くの海水をホース４に満たした時に釣り合う、海面からの水面の位置で、このｈより高くポケット２内に海水が満ちていないと、ホース４の先端から深海へ海水を拡散できない。
このｈは、以下の方法で求めることができる。
海面の海水の密度をσｔ、水深２００ｍの海水の密度をσｂとし、海面から水深２００ｍまで、密度がリニアに変化しているとした時（温度が急激に変化する温度躍層や、塩分濃度の異なる水塊等が有ることが知られているので、実際はリニアではあるとは限らないが）水深２００ｍの水圧Ｐ（数１）は、FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the device of the present invention, in which a float 1 is a floating body whose inside is filled with styrofoam or the like and which is covered with a jacket such as vinyl or reinforced cloth (or a shell is made of polyethylene). It is a floating body that is molded with resin such as, and has a hollow inside to secure buoyancy. This float 1 has a structure having a
This h can be obtained by the following method.
When the density of seawater on the sea surface is σt and the density of seawater at a water depth of 200m is σb, and the density changes linearly from the sea surface to a water depth of 200m (thermocline where the temperature changes rapidly, salinity It is known that there are different water masses, etc., so it is not always linear.) The water pressure P (equation 1) at a water depth of 200 m is
ホース４内は海面近くの海水で満たされるので、σｔとＰから、 ｈ＝Ｐ／σｔ―２００ が得られる。
黒潮域で、σｔ：１０２１ｋｇ／ｍ３（約２９℃）、σｂ：１０２４．５ｋｇ／ｍ３の場合の高さｈを求めると、Ｐ＝２０４５５ｋｇ／ｍ２からｈ＝０．３４２ｍが得られる。この例では、２００ｍ長のホースを使用した場合、３４．２ｃｍ以上海面より高くないと、表層の海水を深海に送り込めないことになる。Since the hose 4 is filled with seawater near the sea surface, h=P/σt-200 is obtained from σt and P.
In the Kuroshio region, when the height h in the case of σt: 1021 kg/m 3 (about 29° C.) and σb: 1024.5 kg/m 3 is calculated, P=20455 kg/m 2 to h=0.342 m is obtained. In this example, when a hose of 200 m in length is used, the seawater of the surface layer cannot be sent to the deep sea unless it is higher than the sea level by 34.2 cm or more.
ホース４は、内径２５ｍｍ程度の、柔軟性と耐久性を備えた素材（本例の場合、糸を編み込んだＰＶＣ）でできており、長さは２００ｍである。 The hose 4 is made of a flexible and durable material (in this example, PVC woven with threads) having an inner diameter of about 25 mm, and has a length of 200 m.
拡散器５は、ホース４の先端に取り付け、直径約２５ｃｍの円錐形状で、円錐の斜めの側面に多数の穴を空け、それらの穴から海水を横方向に放散させる。また、本発明装置を安定化するための錘でもあり、底面の下部にロープ等の係留索を連結できるアイを備えている。 The diffuser 5 is attached to the tip of the hose 4, has a conical shape with a diameter of about 25 cm, and makes a large number of holes on the oblique side surface of the cone, and the seawater is laterally diffused from these holes. It is also a weight for stabilizing the device of the present invention, and has an eye for connecting a mooring line such as a rope at the bottom of the bottom surface.
海底にアンカー等を沈め、本発明装置をロープ等で係留できる場合以外では、風波や潮流で漂流することになる。これを防ぐために、ソーラーパネルやＧＰＳ、コンピューター等を装備し、フロート下部に舵を取り付け、帆に受ける風や、電動モーターでスクリューを廻して推進力を得、定位置付近に留まれるよう制御する装置を備える。 Except when an anchor or the like is sunk on the sea floor and the device of the present invention can be moored with a rope or the like, it will drift by wind waves or tidal currents. In order to prevent this, a solar panel, GPS, computer, etc. are equipped, a rudder is attached to the bottom of the float, wind is received by the sail, and a screw is driven by an electric motor to obtain propulsive force and control to stay near a fixed position. Equipped with a device.
１ フロート
２ ポケット
３ 継手
４ ホース
５ 拡散器
ｈ 水面の高さ1
Claims (1)
この方法に使用する装置は、以下の機能を有する。
・この装置のフロートの窪みの底面を、暖かく軽い海水を自重で深海に送り込むのに必要な落差分、海面から上に上げて底を厚くし（更には、より強度の高い材質を用いて底面やホースの接続部を補強して）、荒波による強い衝撃にも耐える堅牢な構造としている。
・深海に送り込んだ海水が、暖水塊となって上昇し難くするため、ホースの先端に、海水を拡散させる拡散器を備える。
・拡散器の底部に備えたアイで、海水面の温度が高い効果的な海域の海底に係留し、または、水深が深い場合は、（風力や太陽光を動力とする 制御装置や駆動装置を搭載して）海面を移動する能力を備え、個体または群体で定位置付近に留める。 A float with a side shape that makes it easy for waves to ride is floated on the sea surface, a hollow space is provided in the center of the float, and at the bottom of the hollow there is a penetrating connection that allows a hose of several hundred meters to hang down. When you get over it, seawater fills the hollow space, and from the end of the hose that hangs due to the gravity of the seawater, the seawater warmed by the warmed atmosphere is sent to the deep sea to try to eliminate global warming.
The device used in this method has the following functions.
-The bottom of the float dent of this equipment is the difference in height required to send warm and light seawater to the deep sea under its own weight, and it is raised above the sea level to make the bottom thicker (further, using a stronger material, the bottom (Reinforcing the connection part of the hose and) and has a robust structure that can withstand the strong impact of rough waves.
・A diffuser is installed at the tip of the hose to prevent the seawater sent into the deep sea from rising as warm water lumps and making it difficult to rise.
・The eye provided at the bottom of the diffuser moored the sea floor in an effective sea area where the sea surface temperature is high, or when the water depth is deep, ( control devices or drive devices powered by wind or sunlight should be used. It has the ability to move on the sea surface and stays near a fixed position as an individual or a colony.
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