JP6748799B1 - Decorative body, decorative body manufacturing apparatus, and decorative body manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional character decorative body. A decorative body having a front surface portion, a back surface portion, a groove portion, and an upper surface portion, the back surface portion facing the front surface portion, and the upper surface portion and the groove portion. Are partially in contact with each other, the upper surface portion is closer to the front surface portion than the groove portion, the groove portion is not parallel to at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, and the widest surface of the upper surface portion is It is not parallel to the groove portion, and the color of the upper surface portion is different from the color of at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, and the groove portion can be observed through at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion. The upper surface portion can be observed from at least one side of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, and on both side surfaces of the groove portion, the outermost portion of the upper surface portion in the width direction of the groove portion is the groove portion. A decorative body that is on the side of the surface portion and is outside the same position in the width direction with respect to the outermost portion in the width direction. [Selection diagram] Figure 8

Description

The present invention relates to a decorative body used for a sign or the like, a decorative body manufacturing apparatus and a decorative body manufacturing method for manufacturing the decorative body.

Conventionally, a three-dimensional character like the invention described in Patent Document 1 is known. In this three-dimensional character, the surface plate 8 is joined to the foam layer 9 made of a foaming resin, and these are cut out in the shape of the character. As a result, a three-dimensional character having a thickness and having different colors on the front surface and the side surface, such as a signboard application, can be obtained. It is also known that the foam layer is a transparent PMMA or the like that is not foamable, the side surfaces of which are mirror-polished to show light reflection.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-140085 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2019-025860

However, since these three-dimensional characters are independent of each other, it is necessary for the builder to separately attach each character element at a predetermined position on the board such as a signboard, which complicates the work. .. Further, since the surface plate 8 is exposed, it is easily deteriorated in an outdoor environment. Further, rainwater and the like penetrated into the boundary portion between the surface plate and the layer below it, so that the surface plate was easily peeled off. Even with the paint with the surface plate painted, fading and peeling were likely to occur similarly.

On the other hand, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, the molded article 3 in which characters are formed by grooves in a transparent resin plate or the like based on FIG. 3e of the same drawing can display a plurality of characters or the like on one plate. it can. Therefore, the present invention solves the problem of having to attach different characters to each other. However, this invention does not disclose a three-dimensional character in which the surface portion S of the character portion has a color different from that of the base material portion M. Further, the present invention discloses a groove portion G having no filling portion Fi as shown in FIG. 4A, and further describes in paragraph 0027 of the same specification that a protective plate is adhered to the surface of the modeled article 3. doing. However, in the case where the groove portion G does not have the filling portion Fi, when the opening side of the groove portion G is adhered by an adhesive agent or the like, the adhesive agent flows into the inside of the groove portion G, and the total reflection of the groove portion G having no filling portion occurs. The effect is lost. The publication does not describe or suggest this problem. If a protective sheet with an adhesive is used, the adhesive will not enter the groove, but this is not sufficient for the purpose of protection due to deterioration or peeling of the protective sheet itself.

The present embodiment aims to solve the above problems. That is, the problem is a decorative body that can be used for three-dimensional characters and the like, can be easily attached to a wall surface, etc., and exhibits a high decorative effect, and a decorative body manufacturing apparatus and a decorative body manufacturing process for manufacturing the decorative body. Is provided. In the present specification, the decorative body/display body is referred to as a molded article.

One aspect of the present invention is a decorative body having a front surface portion, a back surface portion, a groove portion, and an upper surface portion, wherein the back surface portion faces the front surface portion, and the upper surface portion and the groove portion are The parts are substantially in contact with each other, the upper surface part is on the side of the front surface part from the groove part, the groove part is not parallel to at least one of the front surface part or the back surface part, and the widest surface of the upper surface part is the Not parallel to the groove portion, the color of the upper surface portion is different from the color of at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, the groove portion is observable through at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, The upper surface portion is observable from at least one side of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, and on the side surfaces on both sides of the groove portion, the outermost portion of the upper surface portion in the width direction of the groove portion is the groove portion. A decorative body characterized in that it is on the side of the surface portion and outside the same portion in the width direction as the outermost portion in the width direction (paragraphs 0042-0048, 0013-0017, 0026, etc.). reference).

In the ornamental body according to paragraph 0007, the upper surface portion may have a shape along the shape of the groove portion, and at least a part of the widest surface of the upper surface portion may be substantially parallel to at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion. The distance in the width direction between the outer periphery of the upper surface portion and the outer periphery of the opening of the groove portion may be substantially constant, the groove portion may be a void, the groove portion may have a filling portion, and the color of the groove portion May be different from the color of the portion other than the upper surface portion, the upper surface portion may not be exposed to the front surface portion and the back surface portion, the groove portion and the upper surface portion may form a closed region, At least one of images, characters, logos, figures and patterns may be displayed.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a decoration manufacturing apparatus, which is characterized by processing a material to manufacture the decoration described in paragraph 0007 or 0008. Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a decorative body, which comprises processing a material to produce the decorative body according to paragraph 0007 or 0008. The decoration manufacturing apparatus or process may use laser processing or Co ₂ laser processing. Yet another aspect is a building, furniture, structure, vehicle, and electronic device including the decorative body according to paragraph 0007 or 0008.

The shaped article according to the present invention can be easily attached to a wall surface, has a protected surface, has high durability, and exhibits an unprecedented three-dimensional decorative effect. In addition, the problem that dust enters the groove portion G and impairs the aesthetic appearance and is difficult to remove is solved (see paragraph 0044 and the like). Even when the protective plate is bonded to the opening side of the groove portion G, the adhesive does not flow into the groove portion G, and the groove portion G has the effect of being totally reflected by the action of the critical angle (see paragraph 0045 and the like). Even when the groove portion G is filled, air bubbles can be prevented from entering the adhesive surface (see paragraph 0047 and the like). Other effects brought by the present invention are also described in paragraph 0044 and the subsequent paragraphs.

The figure which shows the structural example of the molded article manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Example of flowchart of modeled article manufacturing method according to first embodiment Sectional drawing of the example of the groove part of the molded article which concerns on 1st Embodiment. Sectional drawing showing an example of the optical path when reflection occurs on the side surface Sectional drawing which shows the relationship between the space|interval and the depth in a some parallel groove|channel part. The figure which shows the structural example of the molded article manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. Example of flowchart of modeled article manufacturing method according to second embodiment Perspective view and sectional view of an example of a modeled object according to the second embodiment.

<<First Embodiment>>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a molded article manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an example of a flowchart of the method for manufacturing a modeled article according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, an example of the configuration and operation of the molded article manufacturing apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The molded article manufacturing apparatus 10 includes, for example, a groove processing section 11, a filling material mixing section 12, a filling processing section 13, and a coating processing section 14. The entire processing unit is referred to as a processing unit 15. The method of manufacturing a modeled object according to the first embodiment includes, for example, a groove processing step S11, a filling material mixing step S12, a filling processing step S13, and a coating processing step S14. The order of each part or each step may be changed. Each part or each step may include each other part or each step. Each part or part of each step may be repeated or omitted. Other known process steps such as cleaning and polishing may be appropriately added.

The groove processing section 11 acquires the material plate 20 and the like, and forms the groove section G by a known processing apparatus such as the laser processing section 111 or cutting processing, die processing, injection molding, 3D printing (S11). The groove portion G may have an opening P in at least one of the front surface portion F of the material plate 20 and the back surface portion R facing the front surface portion F. The filling material blending unit 12 measures, mixes and stirs the filling material 21 (S12). The filling material 21 may be a ready-made product. The filling processing unit 13 fills the groove portion G of the material plate 20 with the filling material 21 (S13). The filling processing section 13 wipes off the unnecessary filling material 21 adhering to a portion other than the groove portion G of the material plate 20 or covers the portion other than the groove portion G, so that the filling material 21 protrudes from the opening P. You can avoid it. The filling material 21 in the groove portion G is hardened to become the filling portion L. The coating portion 14 may adhere another material plate 20 to the opening P side of the groove G as shown in FIG. 3b to form the coating T, and seal the groove G (S14). The front surface portion F and the back surface portion R of the molded article Z having the covering portion T are exposed surfaces on the outside after the covering portion T is bonded.

The portion other than the filling portion L of the molded article Z manufactured in the above process is the base material portion M. The material plate 20 includes ABS, AS, CA, EP, MF, PA, PBS, PC, PCL, PF, PE, PES, PET, PHA, PI, PLA, PMMA, PO, PP, PS, PU, PUR. -Various resins such as PVC, SI, UF, UP and VE, and glass are mainly used. Since the modeled object according to the present invention is mainly installed outdoors or the like, it is desirable that the modeled object can be self-supporting, hard to bend, and hard to be scratched. Therefore, a hard resin is desirable when the material 20 is a resin. The hard resin is a resin having a flexural modulus of more than 700 MPa as described in JIS K 7171 and the like. The base material portion M may not be easily deformed, and its flexural modulus is preferably 1000 or more, more preferably 1500 or more, still more preferably 2000 or more, still more preferably 2500 to 3000 or more, and it is hard to crack. From the workability, it is preferably 20,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less, further preferably 5,000 or less. The numerical value of the flexural modulus has a unit of MPa and is basically measured by the method described in JIS K 7171:2001 or ISO 178:2001. Originally, the test piece for measurement should be manufactured according to the shape and size defined by the above standard. However, it may be difficult to create a test piece from each part of the actual molded article Z as defined by the above standard. In such unavoidable circumstances, the measurement value may be a measurement value by an approximate measurement method, or a measurement value or a nominal value published by the manufacturer for the same or similar product as the material 20. .. In addition, regarding the matters that do not conform to the provisions of JIS, etc., the common general knowledge as of the filing of the present invention shall apply. The same applies hereinafter. Generally, the larger the flexural modulus of the base material portion M, the lower the flexibility, and the easier it is to peel off from the filling portion L due to an impact or the like. Therefore, the application of the present invention is further required. Further, the tensile strength of the base material portion M (JIS K 7161-1:2014, JIS K 7162:1994, JIS K 7127:1999, or ISO 527-1, 2.3) is preferably 30 MPa or more, more preferably The pressure is 40 MPa or more, more preferably 50 MPa or more, and further preferably 60 MPa or more. The bending strength (JIS K 7171) and the compressive strength (JIS K 7181:2011) of the base material portion M are preferably 50 MPa or more, more preferably 60 MPa or more, further preferably 70 MPa or more, and further preferably 80 MPa or more. It is preferably 200 Mpa or less, more preferably 170 Mpa or less, still more preferably 150 Mpa or less. For the measurement, a measuring device such as AG-100kNXplus manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used.

In the molded article Z according to the present invention, since it is often necessary to see the side surfaces S on both sides or one side of the groove portion G, it is preferable that the base material portion M has transparency and may be colorless and transparent or colored and transparent. .. The total light transmittance of the base material portion M (JIS K 7375:2008, part of which conforms to ISO 13468-1) is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 85% or more, More preferably, it is 90% or more. When the base material portion M or the filling portion L contains a fluorescent color, the content may exceed 100%, and therefore the upper limit is not specified. In the present specification, the upper limit and the lower limit of the numerical range may not be particularly defined because higher performance materials and processing methods may be developed. Since the molded article Z is preferably low in diffusibility, the haze (JIS K 7136:2000 or ISO 14782) of the base material portion M and the side surface S is preferably 0 to 5% (0% to 5%). The same applies hereinafter), more preferably 0 to 2%, further preferably 0 to 1%. However, the present invention is also applicable when the base material portion M is opaque or substantially opaque.

The thickness of the modeled object Z is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 mm to 30 mm, and may be 0.5 mm or more/0.2 mm or more, including a thin film, or 100 mm or less. The depth dG of the groove portion G is preferably about 50% to 90% of the thickness of the modeled article Z, from the viewpoint of strength and cost efficiency. When it is fine, the depth dG may be 0.4 mm or 0.1 mm or more. If it is less than this range, peeling due to temperature change or the like is less likely to occur, so that the present invention is not necessarily applied. The width w of the groove G may be 0.2 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, and 0.01 mm or more. If the modeled object Z has a thickness of 10 mm, the depth dG may be 8 mm and the width w may be 0.4 mm. When the plurality of groove portions G are parallel to each other, the pitch p thereof may be 0.1 mm or more, or 0.5 mm or more. In the case of laser processing, particularly Co ₂ laser processing, the depth and pitch may be 1 mm or more, 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 4 mm or more, and 6 mm or more due to the processing limit. The depth of the groove portion G is the length in the direction perpendicular to the surface portion F, and the width of the groove portion G is the length in the direction parallel to the surface portion F and perpendicular to the length direction of the groove portion G. Further, the modeled object Z is not limited to a flat plate-shaped object, and may have various shapes such as a curved surface shape, a spherical shape, a cubic shape, a cylindrical shape, and a polygonal pillar shape. The material plate 20 may have a wedge shape and the front surface portion F may not be parallel to the back surface portion R.

The groove processing part 11 may process the groove part G based on the data of the image 30 such as characters, logos, figures and patterns. The angle on the groove side formed by the side surfaces S on both sides of the groove G is defined as a groove wedge angle θG. When the groove portion G is formed by the laser processing portion 111, it often has a wedge shape as shown in FIG. 3A. The width w of the groove portion G is the width of the maximum width portion, and in the wedge-shaped groove portion G, it is often the width of the opening P. The width of the bottom surface portion B of the wedge-shaped groove portion G is so narrow as to be negligible with respect to the width of the groove portion G. As shown in FIG. 3b, θG may be substantially 0, and the side surfaces S on both sides may be substantially parallel. In that case, the groove portion G may have the bottom surface portion B. The length directions of the plurality of groove portions G may be parallel to each other, and when the refractive index of the portion between the plurality of groove portions G is n, as shown in FIG. A plurality of first side surfaces 101 that are a plurality of side surfaces S on one side of the plurality of second side surfaces 102 that face each other closest to each other with the portions corresponding to the plurality of first side surfaces sandwiched therebetween. A plurality of first points 111 for each of a plurality of ends on the back surface R side of the first side surface 101 of the first side surface 101, and a normal line or a normal line 100 drawn from the plurality of first points 111 to a surface including the front surface portion F. -Regarding the plurality of second points 112 that are respectively closest to the corresponding normal lines or normals 100 at the plurality of ends of the plurality of second side surfaces 102 on the side of the surface portion F, the plurality of groove portions G Even if at least a part of the depth d is greater than cot [arcsin(1/n)] times the shortest distance di between the corresponding normal line or normal line 100 and the corresponding second points 112 respectively. Of course, as a result, there is a viewpoint E in which the plurality of groove portions G can be seen in contact with each other without a gap, and the back is hidden and cannot be seen. Although the groove portion G in FIG. 5 does not have the filling portion L, the same applies to the case where the groove portion G has the filling portion L. The bisection angle formed by the side surfaces S on both sides of the wedge-shaped groove portion G is divided into two equal parts, or a surface which is parallel to the side surfaces S on both sides of the groove portion G parallel to each other and is equidistant from them is a bisector. The bisector may be flat or curved. The fact that each part of the bisector is perpendicular to the front surface portion F (or the back surface portion R) is described as the groove portion G being perpendicular to the front surface portion F (or the back surface portion R). The groove portion G may or may not be perpendicular to the surface portion F. The angle formed by them may be constant in each part of the molded article Z, or may be plural. The bisector is an imaginary surface and is not shown. In the present invention, the width and the length are different from each other, and the long groove portion G is described in the shape of a groove. It may have various shapes.

The filling material mixing unit 12 mixes and stirs the color-developing agent V, the colorant C, the dispersant D, etc. to form the filling material 21. The color-developing agent V may also serve as the colorant C. That is, if the color of the color developing agent V itself is black, brown, or the like and matches the desired color, the color developing agent V becomes the filling material 21 without coloring. Otherwise, the color of the color-developing agent V is preferably colorless and transparent or white for easy coloring and good color development. Since the haze is high when the white resin is the color developing agent V, almost complete opacity can be obtained even when an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment having a low refractive index such as cobalt violet is mixed. The organic pigment is a pigment made of an organic compound, and the inorganic pigment is a pigment made of an inorganic compound. Many of them are registered with Color Index International, which is managed and operated by SDC and AATTC. Even if the same colorant C is mixed, the coloring tendency is different between when the color developing agent V is transparent and when it is opaque white. When a transparent color is required, the color developing agent V may satisfy the conditions of the total light transmittance and the haze of the base material portion M.

The color-developing agent V may be made of one or more of the above-mentioned resins and the like, but a thermosetting resin is particularly preferable because of the ease of filling the groove portion G. The thermoplastic resin requires strict temperature control in the step of filling the processed groove portion G, exerts a thermal influence on the base material portion M, and may shrink due to curing and immediately peel off. The color-developing agent V may contain a thermoplastic resin together with the thermosetting resin in a ratio that does not prevent the curing. It is generally difficult for a resin such as a paint that cures due to the volatilization of the solvent to uniformly fill the groove G having a narrow groove wedge angle. When the base material M is made of a material 20 having a low ultraviolet ray transmissivity such as PMMA, the color developing agent V is preferably a resin that starts to cure by other than ultraviolet rays. When the base material part M is a hard resin, the filling part L is easily separated from the base material part M. In particular, if the linear expansion coefficient of the filling portion L is different from that of the base material portion M, peeling occurs due to repeated temperature changes. Even if the filling portion L and the base material portion M are the same resin, as long as there is an interface, they may be peeled off by impact or vibration. If the filling portion L and the base material portion M are heated and pressed at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition point, their boundaries are integrated and are not easily separated. However, if the filling portion L or the base material portion M is a thermosetting resin, it does not melt by heating and decomposes beyond the thermal decomposition temperature and does not return to the original state, so thermocompression bonding is usually difficult. Further, in order for the filling portion L and the base material portion M to be thermocompression bonded, it is necessary to apply pressure in the width direction of the groove portion G (x direction in FIG. 3), which is not possible with the plate-shaped material 20. .. Furthermore, the surface of the material 20 must be smooth in order to maintain the transparency of the base material portion M (the smoothness condition of the front surface portion F and the back surface portion R is defined as the arithmetic mean roughness regarding the side surface S described later). It is similar to the conditions such as R). However, large-scale processing equipment and time are required for the surface to be thermocompression-bonded to be smooth, which is not practical for a large modeled object 3.

Therefore, the present invention solves the problem of peeling by allowing the filling portion L to follow expansion and contraction and impact of the base material portion M. For that purpose, the tensile fracture strain (tensile strain at break) of the filling part L (tensile strain at tensile strength when there is a yield), the nominal strain at break (break), It is one of the nominal strain at tensile strength (nominal strain at tension strength), and these selections are based on the description of JIS K 7161-1:2014 etc. Tensile strain at yield/tensile A nominal strain (hereinafter referred to as "tensile fracture strain") is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more, still more preferably 40% or more, and further preferably. It may be 50% or more. The larger the value is, the more easily the filling portion L is deformed, and therefore the effect of preventing peeling due to the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the filling portion L and the base material portion M is improved. The tensile fracture strain is the ratio of the elongation of the test piece to the length of the test piece when the test piece is broken. When the test piece is pulled at a constant speed and shows an increase in strain without an increase in stress, it is measured as tensile strength strain, etc., otherwise it is measured as tensile fracture strain. Although the measuring method and the like comply with the above standards, it is often difficult to measure the filling portion L of each of the three-dimensional objects Z according to the standards. In that case, it is measured by the filling portion L that has been peeled off or scraped off. The test piece of the filling part L is based on the test piece type 2 of JIS K 7127:1999, but the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the length direction may be a wedge shape, and it is better that it is closer to parallel to the width direction, and the width is less than 10 mm. Can be the maximum possible width, the length can be less than 150 mm and the length can be chucked, and the initial distance between the chucks can be less than 95 mm. An appropriate jig may be attached to the gripper so that the wedge-shaped test piece can be chucked. Two wedge-shaped test pieces may be alternately chucked so that the grip portion has a substantially uniform thickness, and the measurement value may be halved. If the surface and the end of the test piece are not smooth, it is desirable to polish and mold them. However, if the side surface S has unevenness due to laser processing and the depth of the unevenness of each portion is about ⅛ or less of the corresponding width, it may be left as it is. Two parallel marked lines at intervals of 50 mm serve as a reference for elongation, but the distance between the marked lines may be less than 50 mm depending on the length of the test piece and the grip width of the chuck. If the tensile fracture strain or the like is different for each width of the wedge-shaped test piece or for each part, the average is taken as the measured value. The number of test pieces is preferably 5 or more, but may be the maximum possible number. As described above, it should be noted that, when it is necessary to perform measurement without satisfying the conditions defined in the standard due to the circumstances of the molded article Z, the measured value may be lower than the original value. is there. In other words, there is a possibility that the tensile fracture strain and the like will be measured with a smaller value than originally due to the filling portion L breaking from the recess. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as increasing the number of tests as much as possible and excluding outliers that are extremely far from the average. That is, the provisional average value is derived from the plurality of measurement values belonging to the first quartile to the third quartile in the distribution chart in which the plurality of measurement values are arranged in numerical order, and the provisional average value is 75 to 125. Further, the average value is calculated only from the measured values in the range of %. Since the filling portion L contains the colorant C and the like, it tends to show a tensile fracture strain smaller than that of the case where only the color developing agent V is used. The tensile breaking strain of the filled portion L is preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more, still more preferably 6 times or more and 8 times or more, and further preferably 10 times or more that of the base material portion M. It may be double or more, 15 times or more, 20 times or more. The larger this value, the more the filling portion L can follow the expansion of the base material portion M when a shock is applied, and the more the shock can be absorbed. The property is improved. Alternatively, the difference obtained by subtracting the tensile breaking strain of the base material portion M from the tensile breaking strain of the filling portion L is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more, still more preferably 30% or more, and further preferably 40%. % Or more may be used. The compressive strength of the filling portion L may be lower than that of the base material portion M. Further, since the Poisson's ratio of the filling portion L is preferably small, it is preferably 0.35 to 0, more preferably 0.32 to 0, and further preferably 0.30 or less.

Ordinary thermosetting resins are hard resins, have high brittleness, and have a small amount of elongation, so that the above conditions cannot be satisfied. For example, the unsaturated polyester UP for casting has an excellent transmittance, but the tensile breaking strain or the like is 5% or less. On the other hand, the tensile fracture strain of PMMA is also about 5%. Therefore, the filling portion L made of normal UP or the like cannot follow the expansion and contraction and impact of the base material portion M made of PMMA, and eventually peels off due to the accumulation of interfacial stress and internal fracture. Plasticizers are effective for thermoplastic resins, but cannot be added to general thermosetting resins. However, caulking and sealing materials for waterproofing work that require stretchability, elastomers such as TPC (TPEE), and some special thermosetting resins such as UP, vinyl ester VE, epoxy acrylate, and epoxy EP. Those exhibiting extremely large tensile fracture strain of 50 to 200%. The inventor of the present invention has found that if such a resin is a color-developing agent, the filled portion L is less likely to peel off. These may be mixed with other resins, but the mixing of the thermosetting resin and the thermoplastic resin requires careful curing. An infrared spectrophotometer and a near-infrared analyzer (specific equipment names include FT/IR-6100 or FT/IR-670Plus manufactured by JASCO Corporation, Nicolet 6700 manufactured by Thermo Scientific, and Blanc Roube Manufactured by K.K., etc.), etc., and the infrared absorption spectrum of the filling portion L can be measured. From the comparison between the measured data and the data of known substances, the type of resin of the color developing agent V in the filling portion L can be specified. The composition of the filling part L can also be specified from the glass transition temperature. In addition, the thermosetting resin is generally sparingly soluble in organic solvents, alkalis and acids, and hardly dissolved in ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, etc., so that it is possible to determine by its influence. UP is easier to handle than EP and cheaper than VE/EP, and is suitable for this application. EP is preferable because it has less yellowing.

Thermosetting elastomers (or resins) such as silicone/polyurethane/fluorine exhibit particularly large tensile fracture strain. However, these usually have a low refractive index, and generate total reflection depending on the refractive index of the base material M and the line-of-sight angle as described later, and thus may not be suitable for the color developing agent V. Further, in these, the coefficient of linear expansion and the tack tend to be large. If the linear expansion coefficient of the filling portion L is not significantly larger than the linear expansion coefficient of the base material portion M, the filling portion L is less likely to apply stress to the base material portion M at high temperature. Therefore, the tensile fracture strain or the like of the filled portion L may be preferably 5000% or less, more preferably 1000% or less, still more preferably 500% or less, still more preferably 300% or less, 250% or less, 200% or less. The tensile breaking strain or the like of the filled portion L may be 1000 times or less, preferably 200 times or less, more preferably 100 times or less, still more preferably 50 times or less, that of the base material portion M. Polyurethane has thermoplasticity and thermosetting property. Generally, thermoplastic polyurethane has a pour point of 100 to 200° C., and thermosetting polyurethane requires heating at 100° C. or higher for curing. Room-temperature-curable polyurethane, which contains a large amount of volatile components, peels off due to shrinkage during curing. In addition, in the case of polyurethane, the larger the tensile strain at break, the more the tack remains, and the deterioration over time such as hydrolysis/yellowing due to heat or short-wavelength light is severe, which may not be suitable. There is some indication that the curing agent, MBOCA, is harmful. Further, since a general sealing material mainly composed of silicone has a high viscosity, it is often not suitable for filling the groove G having a small groove wedge angle. For these reasons, the filling portion L may be made of thermosetting resin other than silicone/polyurethane/fluorine. However, a mixed resin of silicone/polyurethane/fluorine resin and UP or the like is useful because of the variability of the refractive index and the tensile strain at break. UP is easy to cure even if there are many impurities. The volumetric shrinkage rate of the filled portion L before and after curing is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 7% or less, further preferably 5% or less, and further preferably 3% or less. The kinematic viscosity of the filling material 21 is preferably 500 or less, more preferably 0 to 200, still more preferably 0 to 100, and even more preferably 0 to 50 (unit: mm ₂ /s, measuring method: color developing agent). If V is a petroleum product, it conforms to JIS K 2283:2000, partially ISO 2909 and ISO 3104, and if it is a liquid other than that, it conforms to JIS Z 8803:2011).

The cause of the delamination phenomenon of the boundary surface to be solved by the present invention will be considered. (1) When each part of the molded article Z expands/contracts due to temperature changes outdoors, etc., since the base material part M and the filling part L have different linear expansion coefficients, residual stress accumulates at each expansion/contraction, or on the boundary surface. The shearing force works and eventually peels off. This is often seen near the ends of the groove G. (2) When the water absorbency of the base material portion M is relatively high, the front surface portion F and the back surface portion R of the base material portion M absorb the rainwater and expand, but the interior does not expand, so the entire modeling portion 3 is distorted. May occur or warp. A similar phenomenon occurs due to the temperature difference between the surface of the modeled object Z and the inside thereof when the temperature rises and falls. As a result, a shearing force is applied mainly in the depth direction of the groove, and the boundary surface becomes unbearable and peels off at each part. (3) When the opening P side is exposed as shown in FIG. 3A, the opening side of the base material portion M opens or closes due to changes in temperature and humidity. That is, the wedge angle of the groove of the base material portion M changes. An axial force is applied to the filling portion L and the boundary surface in the width direction, but peeling occurs because expansion and contraction in the width direction is limited. (4) The modeled object 3 may be installed in an indoor public space such as a commercial facility, but in a place where many people, luggage, and the like come and go, including the case, there are many vibrations and collisions. When an internal force in various directions including a bending moment and a torsion moment is applied to the boundary surface of each part due to the shock, the boundary surface separates and absorbs the shock. As described above, the interfacial stress received by the molded article 3 is (1) length (y) direction (2) depth (z) direction (3) width (x) direction (4) multi-direction of the groove portion G in FIG. It is considered that they are combined and cause interfacial peeling. Increasing the tensile fracture strain or the like of the filled portion L is effective in improving the resistance to the interfacial stress of (1) to (4), but particularly brings about a great effect in improving the impact resistance of (4).

The filling part L can be considered as an adhesive that adheres itself to the base material part M. The bond strength of the boundary surface may exceed the tensile strength of the filling portion L. That is, the peeling of the filling portion L causes the color of the groove portion G to disappear in a wide range, and moreover, that portion totally reflects light, so that it looks white and is annoying. On the other hand, the rupture of the filling portion L (the plane perpendicular to the lengthwise direction or the depthwise direction of the groove is the cross section) is usually a very thin streak, and the cracked portion does not reach the light and is dark. I don't care. Therefore, it can be said that the fracture has less adverse effect on the decorative property of the molded article 3 than the peeling. Further, when the base material portion M expands in the width direction of the groove, the filling portion L is broken into two portions at the bisecting surface, and if the two portions are still joined to the side surfaces S on both sides, peeling occurs. Can be avoided. Therefore, in some cases, when the filling portion L cannot follow the deformation of the base material portion M, it is desirable that the filling portion L does not separate due to breakage. For that purpose, the adhesive strength of the filling portion L may be equal to or higher than the tensile strength of the filling portion L. This corresponds to a comparison between the stress (N) applied to the peeling of the filling portion L and the stress (N) applied to the tensile cutting of the filling portion L. Specifically, this measurement is performed as follows. The molded article 3 is fixed, and the base material portion M on the side of the bottom surface portion B and, if necessary, on the side of the opening portion P is cut so as to be separated into both sides with the side surface S as a boundary. It is necessary to perform processing so that the stress during processing is not applied to the filling portion L as much as possible. Next, the base material portion M is separated into both sides. If the filling portion L is torn into the base material portions M on both sides, the adhesive strength is greater than the tensile strength. When the filling portion L is exposed only on one side and the other side remains on the base material portion M, both sides of the tip portion of the remaining portion are exposed as grip portions of 10 mm or more. Here, the gripping portion is fixed to the chuck of the measuring device, the stress applied to the peeling is measured by a method according to 90° peeling adhesive strength (JIS K 6854-1 1999), and the pulling of the filling portion L having the same cross-sectional shape is performed. Compared to the stress at the time of cutting. Alternatively, the tester can grasp the gripped portion with his/her finger and pull the gripped portion at an angle of about 90° to examine whether the end of the filling portion L can be peeled off without being cut or cut in the middle. The larger the tensile breaking strain of the filling portion L or the like is, the larger the elongation rate of the filling portion L is. On the other hand, as the adhesive strength of the filled portion L is larger than the tensile strength, the adhered filled portion L is weaker against pulling and easily cut. Therefore, although they are completely different, some of the resins are easily stretched and easily broken, and both are compatible when the adhesive strength is strong.

For long-term durability of the molded article Z, it is desirable that the color-developing agent V, the colorant C, and the like be chemically stable and have high light resistance. If the colorant C is an inorganic pigment such as iron oxide, carbon black or titanium oxide, an opaque color is produced, and if it is an organic pigment such as phthalocyanine or quinacridone, a transparent color is obtained. Depending on the type of the colorant C and the ratio of the colorant C occupying the filling portion L, the density, transmittance, and degree of color development of the groove portion G change. The weight ratio of the colorant C to the filling material 21 before the filling operation is usually 0.1 to 20%, preferably 0.5 to 10%, but the width of the groove G, the type of the colorant C, and the color spread. Other colors may be used depending on the specific gravity of the colorant C with respect to the agent V and the desired visual effect. The filling material mixing unit 12 pulverizes the aggregated colorant C into finer particles by a roll mill, a ball mill, a bead mill, or the like, and further sufficiently disperses the colorant C in the color developing agent V by stirring or mixing the dispersant D. be able to. However, this is not the case when an effect different from the smooth and transparent coloring such as the rough texture due to the colorant C having a large particle size is required. The dispersant D is a known soap containing metal soap such as zinc, aluminum, potassium, calcium, sodium, barium, magnesium and lithium, for example, stearic acid soap, hydroxystearic acid soap, behenic acid soap, montanic acid soap, and lauric acid soap. From the group, it may be appropriately selected according to the suitability for the color-developing agent V and the colorant C, and the compounding ratio and the like may be determined. Instead of the usual combination of the pigment or the like and the dispersant D, the easily dispersible colorant C, the dispersed paint or the like may be used. In addition, the filling material blending unit 12 and the filling processing unit 13 cooperate with each other to gradually change the blending of the colorant C during the processing of one shaped object 3, thereby gradually changing the colors of the plurality of groove portions G into a gradation shape. The color may be changed in a gradation manner from a part of each groove G to another part.

The material plate 20 for the covering portion T is preferably colorless and transparent and has high total light transmittance or high visible light transmittance, but it may be colored and transparent depending on the application. For simplicity, the covering portion T may be a thin adhesive soft film such as PET having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less. For long-term use, it is preferable to fix the plate-shaped covering portion T as shown in FIG. 3b. The plate-shaped covering portion T not only makes the molded article 3 hard to break, but also suppresses the base material portion 3 from expanding and contracting in the width direction of the groove portion G, and prevents the peeling caused by the above (3). It is preferable that the plate-shaped covering portion T is made of the same material, the same kind, and a similar material as the base material portion M and is thinner, because the physical properties are closer to those of the material plate 20 on the side having the groove portion G. For example, the cast plate and the extruded plate of PMMA are not the same material, but both are PMMA and belong to the same classification among the above-mentioned various resins, and thus are of the same type. Further, if the hard PVC and PMMA have similar linear expansion coefficients and can be welded by the same solvent, they are similar in that respect. Further, if the covering portion T and the base material portion M have the same color, their boundary portions cannot be visually discerned as in FIG. 3b, and they are visually integrated. Then, the groove G appears to be enclosed and float in the lump of transparent resin. However, the base material portion M and the coating portion T can be sometimes distinguished from each other based on the measurement results of the difference in the refractive index, the crystal direction, and the molecular weight with an ellipsometer, Abbe type, or other refractometer.

The filling portion L has a color different from that of the base material portion M and the covering portion T due to the inclusion of the colorant C. In the colors of a plurality of parts of the molded article Z, any one of hue, saturation, brightness, total light transmittance, and visible light transmittance may be significantly different. In terms of hue, when a plurality of colors are compared, if the closer side in the Munsell hue circle is separated by 25 to 50 steps, it can be clearly distinguished from another color, and if it is 35 to 50, the difference in hue between any of the main primary colors Corresponding to 45 to 50, which are close to complementary colors, the colors are significantly different. Or, if the angle on the small side where a plurality of colors are separated in the H value of the HSV color space is 90 to 180°, it can be clearly distinguished from another color, and if it is 120 to 180°, one of the RGB or CMY primary colors. And the like, which corresponds to the difference in hue of any one of the colors, and is between 150 and 180°, which is similar to the complementary colors, and thus similarly differs. In terms of saturation, although it depends on the hue, if the difference between a plurality of colors is generally 4 or more in the Munsell color system, the color is significantly different, and if it is 6 or more and 8 or more, it is more clearly different. Regarding the lightness, if the difference between the plurality of colors is 3 or more, the color is significantly different, and if it is 4 or more and 5 or more, the difference is more distinct. It is even more obvious if they are combined. For the color measurement, for example, a spectrocolorimeter such as CM-5 manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. or a color difference meter such as CR-5 is used, but when the measurement is difficult due to a narrow colorimetric range, Visual comparison may be used in combination. Regarding the total light transmittance or the visible light transmittance, when the difference between a plurality of colors is 40% or more, the color is significantly different, and when it is 60% or more and 80% or more, the difference is more distinct. Depending on the effect to be obtained, a part of the molded article Z and another part thereof may differ by a measurement value narrower than the above range. The upper limit of different colors is not particularly limited because it may be expanded beyond the range possible at the time of application due to technological progress.

Here, other than the above, the conditions of the shaped article to which the present invention is to be introduced will be described. The problem of the present invention can be said to be a problem peculiar to the case where the resin or the like of the difficult-to-bond material has the filling portion L, if the environmental factors are taken into consideration. Specifically, when the wetting tension of the base material portion M is close to or lower than the wetting tension of the filling portion L, the filling portion L is not well adhered to the base material portion M. If the base material is a solid with high wet tension, interfacial peeling is unlikely to occur. Furthermore, if the surface of the base material portion is rough, it is more firmly bonded. If the groove portion G is shallow and its width is narrow, the difference in expansion/contraction amount between the filling portion L and the base material portion M due to the temperature change is small, and thus peeling is unlikely to occur. If the groove wedge angle of the groove G is sufficiently large, the paint adheres to a plurality of side surfaces on both sides of the groove, one side on each side, and there is a gap therebetween, so that peeling from both sides does not occur. Therefore, the present invention does not necessarily have to be applied. Even if the groove wedge angle is small, if the color developing agent V or the like is applied only to the side surface S of the groove G and the center of the groove G is a void, when the base material portion M expands and contracts in the width direction of the groove, the void is formed. It may become a cushion and not come off. However, as shown in FIG. 3, when there is no void in the groove portion G and almost the entire groove portion G is the filling portion L, when the base material portion M expands and the groove wedge angle opens in the width direction, the expansion thereof is filled. If it exceeds the elongation of the part L, it is peeled off. The present invention is particularly required when the base material portion M has a relatively low wetting tension, the side surface S is smooth, the groove portion G is deep, and the groove wedge angle is small. Further, one of the conditions is that the transmittance of the base material portion M is so high that the side surface S can be seen through the base material portion M.

More specifically, in the following cases, the filling portion L is easily peeled off or peeled off is conspicuous, and the present invention exerts a remarkable effect. 1. The groove portion G has no void. 2. The linear expansion coefficient (JIS K 7197-1991 etc.) of the base material portion M and the filling portion L is different by 10% or more, or 5% or more from the larger one. 3, the base material M is a difficult-to-adhere material such as PE/PMMA/PP/PS, the base material M has a wetting tension of 45 mN/m or less, and the base material M has a wetting tension (JIS K 6768:1999 or ISO 8296-1987). The difference obtained by subtracting the wetting tension of the filling portion L from 10) is 10 mN/m or less. The wetting tension is obtained from the wetting tension at which the contact angle with the test piece is 0° and the wetting tension is known. 4, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the side surface S is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 1 or less, further preferably 0.5 or less, the maximum height roughness Rz is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 2 or less, further preferably Is 1 or less, the arithmetic average waviness Wa is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 2 or less, still more preferably 1 or less, and the maximum height waviness Wz is preferably 16 or less, more preferably 4 or less, still more preferably 2 or less. (JIS B 0601:2013 or ISO 4287:1997). 5. The depth dG is on the order of mm or more, for example, 5 mm or more. The deeper the groove G, the greater the amount of displacement between the opening P side and the opposite side due to temperature changes and the like, and the interface stress also increases. Since the model Z having the deep groove G also generally has a large size in the x and y directions, the interfacial stress in the groove length direction also becomes large, and as a result, a problem that does not occur in the model having the shallow and short groove becomes apparent. .. 6. The side surface S of the base material portion M is affected by heat. 7. The angle on the side of the groove portion G where the side surface S forms a perpendicular or normal to the front surface portion F or the back surface portion R of the molded article Z is 90-2 arcsin (1/n _M ) or less (n _M is the base material portion M). Index of refraction).

The above 3 and 4 relate to the adhesiveness between the base material portion M and the filling portion L. Features 4, 5, 6, and 7 are features of the groove G formed by laser processing. In particular, in the cutting process using a Co ₂ laser, the cut surface is heated by infrared rays to be melted and hardened after cooling. As a result, the cut surface becomes smooth as in 4, but due to the heat effect of 6, the adhesiveness is inferior to the surface of extrusion molding/cast molding/machining. Further, this cut surface has a depth of approximately 0.05 to 20 μm or 0.1 to 5 μm, and a depth of approximately 0.05 to 20 μm, or 0.1 to 5 μm, which reflects a laser pulse, at a pitch of 100 to 400 μm at approximately 25 to 3000 μm or at 50 to 1000 μm. A plurality of irregularities of 2 μm, which are substantially parallel to the depth direction of the groove, are formed, and are approximately parallel to the length direction of the groove at the same depth at a pitch of about 1 to 4 mm which is considered to be due to the flow of the molten resin. The unevenness is often formed. The unevenness is approximately 1/20 to 10 times, or 1/10 to 3 times, or 1/4 to 1 times the pitch of the width w of the groove portion G, and is approximately 1/800 to 1/20 times or 1/ The depth may be 4000 to 1/100 times and sometimes 1/2000 to 1/200 times. This unevenness is the largest unevenness caused on the side surface S due to a processing error. Here, "a plurality of irregularities substantially parallel to the depth direction of the groove" means that in the wedge-shaped groove portion G, the side surface S has an inclination of θG/2 with respect to the groove depth direction, but this is not considered. It means that the plurality of concavities and convexities are parallel to the line of intersection between the plane S parallel to the depth direction and the width direction of the groove and the side surface S. 6 will be described below.

側面Ｓでの反射が全反射となるようなθＳの範囲は、

充填部Ｌが剥離しているか、溝部Ｇが空隙で側面Ｓに基材部Ｍが露出しているならば、充填部Ｌは空気ないし真空であり、ｎ_Ｇ＝１なので

θＥ＝−９０（°）までのθＥがとりうる範囲のすべてにおいて、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるようなθＳの範囲は、数３より
θＳ≦９０−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）…（ｉ）
θＥ＝０（°）、すなわち視点Ｅが溝部Ｇを表面部Ｆの正面から見た時に、充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるθＳの範囲は、数３より
θＳ≦９０−ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）…（ｉｉ）
（２）図４ｂ（θＳ＜０）の場合
側面Ｓでの反射が基材部Ｍ側から見える最大のθＥとなる（図４ｂの最も左寄りである）視点Ｅは、
ａｒｃｓｉｎ［（ｓｉｎθＥ）／ｎ_Ｍ］＝θＳ
となる位置であるから、
ａｒｃｓｉｎ［（ｓｉｎθＥ）／ｎ_Ｍ］≦θＳ
側面Ｓでの全反射が視点Ｅで観察される最大のθＳでは、θＥ＝−９０（°）の時のみ反射が観察可能となるので、
θＳ≧ａｒｃｓｉｎ（−１／ｎ_Ｍ）…（ｉｉｉ）
図４ａにおけるθＳ＜０の場合及び図４ｂにおけるθＳ≧０の場合、すなわち図４ａ・ｂの溝部Ｇのそれぞれ左側の側面Ｓに関する場合は、上記の場合に対し左右対称の関係であり、上記各数式において各項の正負及び不等号の向きが逆になる。ゆえに、（ｉｉｉ）から、図４ｂのように溝部Ｇの開口部Ｐ側のみから観察される場合には、
｜θＳ｜≦ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）
であれば、溝部Ｇの手前に側面Ｓが見えるようなθＥのすべての範囲において、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるので、本発明が適用される必要がある。本明細書等では、ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）を最大全反射可視側面角と記載する。例えばｎ_Ｍ＝１．５とすると、θＳの絶対値が約４１．８°以下ならば、剥離した充填部Ｌの色は側面Ｓを通しては見えない。
次に、開口部Ｐ側からだけでなく、図４ａのように溝部Ｇの開口部Ｐの反対側からも観察される場合には、（ｉ）から、
｜θＳ｜≦９０−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）
であれば、溝部Ｇの手前に側面Ｓが見えるようなθＥのすべての範囲において、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色がまったく見えなくなるので、本発明が適用される必要がある。本明細書等では、９０−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）を最大全部全反射側面角と記載する。例えばｎ_Ｍ＝１．５とすると、θＳが約６．３８°以下ならば、表面部Ｆ及び裏面部Ｒ側のすべてのθＥに対し、剥離した充填部Ｌの色は側面Ｓを通しては見えない。二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直な溝部Ｇでは、θＧが約１２．７６°以下ならば同様である。基材部ＭがＰＭＭＡで、ｎ_Ｍ＝１．４９ならば、θＳの絶対値が約５．６９°以下、又は二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直な溝部ＧでθＧが約１１．３８°以下の場合、本発明により充填部Ｌの剥離が生じないことで、どこから見ても充填部Ｌの色が鮮明に見える効果が得られる。また、（ｉｉ）から、
｜θＳ｜≦９０−ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）
であれば、少なくとも一部のθＥにおいて、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるので、本発明が適用された方がよい。本明細書では、９０−ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）を一部全反射側面角と記載する。ｎ_Ｍ＝１．５とすると、θＳが約４８．１９°以下ならば、剥離した充填部Ｌの色は正面からは見えない。二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直な溝部Ｇでは、θＧが約９６．３８°以下ならば同様である。なお、数３より、充填部Ｌの色が見えないθＥの範囲は、

である。図４ａにおいて、θＥがこれより小さい時、すなわち視点Ｅが右寄りの時には、側面Ｓで全反射が起こらず、充填部Ｌが剥離していても側面Ｓを透過してその色が見える。 Even when the base material portion M and the filling portion L are separated and their interfaces are not in close contact, not only when the side surface S causes total reflection and the color of the filling portion L is not visible, but also the filling portion L The color of L may be seen through the side surface S. The critical conditions for both are shown below.
FIG. 4 is a view of a cross section perpendicular to the length direction of the wedge-shaped groove portion G. In FIG. 4, the light incident on the side surface S at the incident angle θI (θI<0) is reflected at the reflection angle −θI, and the reflected light is refracted at the back surface portion R and reaches the viewpoint E. However, if the filling portion L is not separated on the side surface S, the reflected light on the side surface S is a part of the incident light, and the rest is absorbed by the filling portion L, transmits through the filling portion L, or the side surface. Spread with S. In FIG. 4, the angle formed by the line of sight from the viewpoint E and the normal or normal to the front surface R (hereinafter referred to as the line of sight angle or θE) is equal to the emission angle of light from the back surface R. It is assumed that an angle formed by the side surface S and a normal line or a normal line to the surface portion F is θS, a refractive index of the base material portion M is n _M , a refractive index of the filling portion L is n _G , and a refractive index of air is 1. Since the clockwise direction is the forward direction, if θS>0, the right side surface S of FIG. 4a or the left side surface S of FIG. 4b, and if θS<0, the right side surface S of FIG. 4b or the left side surface of FIG. 4a. Corresponds to the side surface S. The covering portion T and the colorant C are omitted in FIG. If the covering portion T is planar and both surfaces thereof are parallel to each other and the refractive index of the covering portion T is n _M , the presence or absence of the covering portion T does not affect the refraction angle or the like. When n _G <n _M or the filled portion L is separated on the side surface S, if the reflection angle θI is equal to or greater than the critical angle arcsin(n _G /n _M ), the reflection on the side surface S is total reflection, and the filled portion is The color of L does not reach the viewpoint E. If this state is shown by an equation, from Snell's law,
(1) In the case of FIG. 4a (θS≧0)

The range of θS where the reflection on the side surface S becomes total reflection is

If the filling portion L is separated or the groove portion G is a void and the base material portion M is exposed on the side surface S, the filling portion L is air or vacuum, and n _G =1.

In all of the possible range of θE up to θE=−90 (°), the range of θS where total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filled portion L becomes invisible is θS≦90−2 arcsin from Equation 3. (1/n _M )...(i)
θE=0 (°), that is, when the viewpoint E looks at the groove G from the front of the surface F, the range of θS in which the color of the filled portion L is not visible is θS≦90−arcsin(1/n _M )…(Ii)
(2) In the case of FIG. 4b (θS<0) The viewpoint E at which the reflection on the side surface S is the maximum θE seen from the base material part M side (the leftmost side in FIG. 4b) is
arcsin[(sin θE)/n _M ]=θS
Because it is the position
arcsin [(sin θE)/n _M ]≦θS
At the maximum θS at which the total reflection on the side surface S is observed from the viewpoint E, the reflection can be observed only when θE=−90(°),
θS≧arcsin(−1/n _M )...(iii)
In the case of θS<0 in FIG. 4a and the case of θS≧0 in FIG. 4b, that is, in the case of the left side surfaces S of the groove portions G of FIGS. 4a and 4b, the relationship is bilaterally symmetric with respect to the above case. In the mathematical expression, the directions of positive and negative signs and inequality signs of each term are reversed. Therefore, from (iii), when observed only from the opening P side of the groove G as shown in FIG. 4b,
│θS│≦arcsin (1/n _M ).
In this case, in the entire range of θE where the side surface S can be seen in front of the groove portion G, total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filling portion L becomes invisible, so that the present invention needs to be applied. .. In this specification and the like, arcsin the (1 / _{n M)} is described as the maximum total reflection visible side angle. For example, when n _M =1.5, if the absolute value of θS is about 41.8° or less, the color of the separated filling portion L cannot be seen through the side surface S.
Next, in the case of being observed not only from the side of the opening P but also from the side of the groove G opposite to the opening P as shown in FIG. 4a, from (i),
|θS|≦90-2 arcsin (1/n _M )
In that case, in the entire range of θE where the side surface S is visible in front of the groove portion G, total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filling portion L is completely invisible, so that the present invention needs to be applied. is there. In this specification and the like, 90-2 arcsin (1/n _M ) is described as the maximum total internal reflection side angle. For example, when n _M =1.5, if θS is about 6.38° or less, the color of the peeled filled portion L is not visible through the side surface S for all θE on the front surface F and back surface R side. .. The same applies to the groove portion G whose bisector is perpendicular to the surface portion F if θG is approximately 12.76° or less. If the base material M is PMMA and n _M =1.49, the absolute value of θS is about 5.69° or less, or θG is about 11.38° or less in the groove G where the bisecting surface is perpendicular to the surface F. In this case, since the peeling of the filled portion L does not occur according to the present invention, the effect that the color of the filled portion L can be seen clearly from any direction can be obtained. Also, from (ii),
|θS|≦90-arcsin (1/n _M ).
In that case, at least a part of θE, total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filling portion L becomes invisible, so that the present invention is preferably applied. In the present specification, 90-arcsin (1/n _M ) is described as a partial total reflection side surface angle. _{Assuming that} n _M =1.5, the color of the peeled filled portion L cannot be seen from the front if θS is about 48.19° or less. The same applies to the groove portion G whose bisector is perpendicular to the surface portion F if θG is about 96.38° or less. From Equation 3, the range of θE in which the color of the filling portion L is invisible is

Is. In FIG. 4a, when θE is smaller than this, that is, when the viewpoint E is to the right, total reflection does not occur on the side surface S, and even if the filling portion L is peeled off, the color is visible through the side surface S.

If the width w of the groove portion G is sufficiently larger than the depth dG, the color of the filling portion L of the opening P can be seen from the front side, so that there is no problem even if the side surface S is peeled off. Therefore, the present invention does not necessarily have to be applied. This is true even if θG is small if the groove G has the bottom surface B and is trapezoidal. Considering the ratio of the depth d to the width w, if it is 5 times or more, when the line of sight E looks at the side surface S from an oblique direction, the apparent depth becomes shallow due to refraction, but it is about 2.5 times or more the width. As such, it has a certain effect when the present invention is applied. If it is 10 times or more, the apparent depth is about 5 times or more the width, so that the present invention has a clear effect. If it is 15 times or more, a sufficient effect is exhibited, and if it is 20 times or more, the present invention is essential. Further, the cross section in the width direction of the groove G to which the present invention is applied may have a shape in which θS is plural or changed like a U shape. In that case, among the total lengths of the side surface S, the bottom surface portion B, and the opening portion P on both sides, an angle formed by a normal line or a normal line to the surface portion F is the maximum total reflection side angle (or partial total reflection side angle). ) The present invention exerts a definite effect when the total length in the range below is preferably 1/2 or more, more preferably 4/5 or more, further preferably 9/10 or more, and further preferably 19 If it is /20 or more, it can be considered that most of the groove portion G satisfies the above conditions, and the present invention is essential.

However, when n _M <2 ^1/2 , when θE is close to −90°, the expression 3 may be θS<0. However, the expression 3 is (1), that is, the expression when θS≧0. Because it is, it does not hold. The same is not true when θS<0. That is, in the material plate 20 having a refractive index of less than about 1.41, for example, the modeled object Z made of transparent fluororesin such as PFA/FEP, from the viewpoint opposite to the opening P as shown in FIG. 4a, θS= In all the groove portions G of θS including 0, even if the filling portion L and the base material portion M are separated, the color of the filling portion L may be seen through the side surface S of the base material portion M. As θS is larger, this holds even if the absolute value of θE is smaller, so that the range in which the color of the filling portion L is visible is expanded. Therefore, the present invention is essential in the case of n _M ≧2 ^1/2 in addition to the conditions of the preceding paragraph. However, even if n _M <2 ^1/2 , the color of the peeled filled portion L may not be visible, so the present invention may be applied.

Next, the relationship between the refractive index of the filling portion L and the refractive index of the base material portion M in the groove portion G where the filling portion L is not separated will be examined.
(1) In the case of n _G ≧n _M If the refractive index of the base material portion M is not more than the refractive index of the filling portion L, total reflection due to the action of the critical angle does not occur. The reverse is also true. At all line-of-sight angles on the front surface F and back surface R sides, incident light from the base material M to the side surface S does not undergo total reflection on the side surface S, and even if there is reflection If the color of the filling portion L is visible through the side surface S from any viewpoint where the side surface S on the side is visible, the refractive index of the base material portion M is less than or equal to the refractive index of the filling portion L. Refractive index is based on Abbe refractometer (eg, Atago NAR-1T SOLID, sodium D line, details other than measurement by this machine are JIS K 7142:2014, part of ISO 489:1999 or standard common sense at the time of application) .) and the like. The Abbe refractometer is suitable for this application because it measures the refractive index of the surface of the test piece using the critical angle method. The measured value is basically unaffected by the refractive index of the colorant C and the like contained in the filling portion L, and indicates the refractive index of the color developing agent V. Generally, SI or silicone rubber has a refractive index of 1.43 or less, and fluororesin such as PETE or fluororubber has a refractive index of 1.3 or less. Generally, the refractive index of PMMA is 1.49 or more, and the refractive index of hard resin is higher than the refractive index of SI. Therefore, in order that the color of the groove portion can be clearly seen at all line-of-sight angles, the color-developing agent V having a refractive index higher than that of the base material portion M is preferable rather than SI/fluorine resin or the like. Comparing the refractive indices of the respective parts, if the colorant C≧the color-developing agent V≧the base material part M, total reflection does not occur at all line-of-sight angles, and the color always looks clear. Further, if the metal is in close contact with the interface of the side surface S by vacuum deposition, sputtering, etc., metallic luster is generated regardless of the magnitude of the refractive index, and a reflection effect different from total reflection due to the critical angle is obtained. To prevent reflection, the groove portion G does not have to have such a metal film. In contrast to this, in a paint or the like mixed with metal powder, it is the color spreader V such as a transparent resin that is in close contact with the side surface S, and therefore the refractive index of the color spreader V has an effect. Since the metal powder is diffuse reflection, the reflection effect is weak.

ａ 充填部Ｌの屈折率が基材部Ｍの屈折率に近ければ、側面Ｓの臨界角が９０°に近づくため、界面での反射がほとんど起こらない。溝部Ｇの二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直であり、基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．５であるとする。基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．４９であれば、数５よりθＥの絶対値が０から約９．９６°までの範囲で側面Ｓでの全反射が見える。この範囲内では、側面Ｓへの入射角の絶対値が臨界角以上であるため充填部Ｌの色は見えない。θＥが９．９６°より大きく９０°未満の範囲では充填部Ｌの色が見える。この範囲では、裏面部Ｒ側に文字等が貼られていると、充填部Ｌの色に隠れて見えなくなる効果が得られる。この効果は、側面Ｓで全反射が起こると、側面Ｓに裏面部Ｒが映って見えるために低下する。よって、この効果のためには、充填部Ｌの屈折率が基材部Ｍの屈折率以上であればよい。あるいは次善の策として、その差が小さいほうがよく、好ましくは０．１以下、より好ましくは０．０５以下、さらに好ましくは０．０３以下でもよい。
ｂ 充填部Ｌの屈折率と基材部Ｍの屈折率との差が大きいほど、側面Ｓでの反射が起きやすくなる。基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．４ならば、数５よりθＥの絶対値が０から約３２．６°までの範囲で側面Ｓでの全反射が見え、それ以外の範囲では充填部Ｌの色が見える。基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．３ならば、θＥの絶対値が０から約４８．４°までの範囲で側面Ｓでの全反射が見える。これらの場合、正面からある程度のθＥまでは、光源の位置によっては、側面Ｓが背景を反射して充填部Ｌの色が見えず、側面Ｓが平滑で背景が近ければ背景が映って見え、背景が遠ければぼんやりと映るか光って見える。光源がしかるべき位置になければ、側面Ｓは暗く落ち込んで見える。θＥが数５の範囲を超えると、充填部Ｌの色が見えるようになる。ただし、界面での反射は多少残る。全反射から充填部Ｌの色への転換は、臨界角の作用により、中間段階がなく急激に起こる。それは、常に充填部Ｌの色が見えているのとは異なる意外さを観察者に感じさせ、用途によっては有用な効果をもたらす。正面に近い視線角度では充填部Ｌの色が見えず、視線角度が大きくなると充填部Ｌの色が見える、という効果が意図される場合には、充填部Ｌと基材部Ｍの屈折率の差は０．３以下・０．２以下・０．１以下でもよく、０．０５以上でもよい。 (2) When n _G <n _{M When} the refractive index of the filling portion L is smaller than that of the base material portion M, total reflection occurs when θE is small, and the color of the filling portion L may not be visible. If θS=0, the range of the absolute value of θE is

a If the refractive index of the filling portion L is close to the refractive index of the base material portion M, the critical angle of the side surface S approaches 90°, and therefore reflection at the interface hardly occurs. It is assumed that the bisecting surface of the groove portion G is perpendicular to the surface portion F and the base material portion M has a refractive index of 1.5. If the refractive index of the base material portion M is 1.49, total reflection on the side surface S can be seen in the range of the absolute value of θE from 0 to about 9.96° from Equation 5. Within this range, the absolute value of the incident angle to the side surface S is equal to or greater than the critical angle, and therefore the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen. In the range where θE is larger than 9.96° and smaller than 90°, the color of the filling portion L is visible. In this range, when a character or the like is attached to the back surface R side, the effect of being hidden by the color of the filling portion L and becoming invisible can be obtained. This effect is deteriorated when the total reflection occurs on the side surface S, because the back surface portion R appears on the side surface S. Therefore, for this effect, the refractive index of the filling portion L may be equal to or higher than the refractive index of the base material portion M. Alternatively, as a suboptimal measure, the difference should be small, preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and further preferably 0.03 or less.
b The greater the difference between the refractive index of the filling portion L and the refractive index of the base material portion M, the easier the reflection on the side surface S. If the refractive index of the base material portion M is 1.4, total reflection on the side surface S can be seen in the range of the absolute value of θE from 0 to about 32.6° from the expression 5, and in the other range, the filling portion L can be seen. Can see the color. If the base material M has a refractive index of 1.3, total reflection on the side surface S can be seen in the range of the absolute value of θE from 0 to about 48.4°. In these cases, depending on the position of the light source, the side surface S reflects the background and the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen up to a certain θE from the front surface, and if the side surface S is smooth and the background is close, the background appears. If the background is distant, it will appear vague or shiny. If the light source is not in place, the side S will appear dark and depressed. When θE exceeds the range of Expression 5, the color of the filling portion L becomes visible. However, some reflection remains at the interface. The conversion from the total reflection to the color of the filling part L occurs rapidly without an intermediate stage due to the action of the critical angle. This makes the observer feel a strangeness that the color of the filling portion L is always visible, and brings a useful effect depending on the application. When the effect of not seeing the color of the filling portion L at a line-of-sight angle close to the front and seeing the color of the filling portion L at a large line-of-sight angle is used, the refractive index of the filling portion L and the base material portion M The difference may be 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.1 or less, or 0.05 or more.

If θS is a little less than a partial total reflection side surface angle, the total reflection is likely to occur on the separated side S when the absolute value of θE is small. That is, in the case of FIG. 4a, total reflection is visible when observed from near the front. Similarly, with respect to the total reflection visible lateral angle, total reflection is visible when the absolute value of θE is smaller than when it is large (close to 90°). In the case of FIG. 4b, total internal reflection is visible at least only when θE is very close to arcsin(n _M sin θS). In other words, the change when θS is less than the partial total reflection side angle or the total reflection visible side angle becomes apparent even in an instant. Moreover, since it occurs in the most frequently observed state, which is close to the front face F, it is immediately visible. Therefore, if this situation is not desired, it can be said that whether the side surface S is less than or equal to the partial total reflection side angle or the total reflection visible side angle has a great significance. Further, even when the refractive index of the filled portion L in the non-peeled filled portion L is slightly lower than the refractive index of the base material portion M, total reflection occurs at least only when viewed from the front side. It has great critical significance.

Since the refractive index of inorganic pigments such as cadmium red, viridian, titanium dioxide, and ferric oxide is high, there is a wide range of choices for the color developing agent V that can be used, but the refractive index of blue/purple inorganic pigments and organic pigments. Is generally low, the color developing agent V having a relatively low refractive index is often suitable from the viewpoint of hiding power and the like. On the other hand, the colorant C having a low refractive index is more advantageous if the color development having transparency is required. The suitable filling material 40 differs depending on the use of the molded article Z, the processing method, the desired color, the decorative effect to be realized, and the like. After the base material portion M and the colorant C are determined according to each condition, the color developing agent V may be selected based on their refractive index and the like.

A groove portion G having a depth of about 8 mm, a width of about 0.5 mm and a length of about 210 mm is formed on a PMMA plate having a thickness of 10 mm (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) from vector image data by a Co ₂ laser device (VLS 6.60 manufactured by ULS). Was done. Yupica 2035 (manufactured by Nippon Yupica Co., Ltd.) 50%, silicone sealant clear (manufactured by MonotaRO Co., Ltd.) 30%, powdered titanium oxide 10%, UV absorber 8%, aluminum stearate 1% 3 roll mill after mixing and stirring The mixture was crushed by a machine, added with Permec M 1% (above weight ratio), and further stirred. The filling material 21 was filled in the groove portion G, and the portion protruding from the groove portion G was wiped off. The modeling object Z was completed by hardening the filling material 21. Since the color developing agent V has a high transmittance, good color development was obtained. The tensile fracture strain of the same PMMA plate measured by AG-100kNXplus was 4.4% (average of 10 times measured values by the above method). The tensile fracture strain of the filled portion L extracted from the modeled article Z was 45.2% (same as above). This molded article Z did not cause peeling between the filling portion L and the base material portion M even if it dropped twice from the height of about 1 m onto the concrete floor, and showed good peeling resistance. The molded article Z was broken by the third drop.

<<Second Embodiment>>
Conventionally, three-dimensional characters such as those described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-140085 are known. In this three-dimensional character, the surface plate 8 is joined to the foam layer 9 made of a foaming resin, and these are cut out in the shape of the character. This makes it possible to obtain a three-dimensional character having a thickness and having different colors on the front surface and the side surface, such as a signboard. It is also known that the foam layer is a transparent PMMA or the like that is not foamable, the side surfaces of which are mirror-polished to show light reflection. However, since these three-dimensional characters are independent of each other, it is necessary for the builder to separately attach each character element at a predetermined position on the board such as a signboard, which complicates the work. .. Further, since the surface plate 8 is exposed, it is easily deteriorated in an outdoor environment. Further, rainwater and the like penetrated into the boundary portion between the surface plate and the layer below it, so that the surface plate was easily peeled off. Even with the paint with the surface plate painted, fading and peeling were likely to occur similarly.

On the other hand, among the inventions disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2019-025860, the modeled article 3 in which characters or the like are formed by the groove portion G in the transparent resin plate or the like based on FIG. Can be displayed on the board. Therefore, the present invention solves the problem of having to attach different characters to each other. However, the publication does not disclose a three-dimensional character in which the surface portion S of the character portion has a color different from that of the base material portion M. Further, the publication discloses a groove portion G having no filling portion Fi as shown in FIG. 4A, and further describes in paragraph 0027 of the specification that a protective plate is bonded to the surface of the modeled article 3. ing. However, in the case where the groove portion G does not have the filling portion Fi, when the opening side of the groove portion G is adhered by an adhesive agent or the like, the adhesive agent flows into the inside of the groove portion G, and the total reflection of the groove portion G having no filling portion occurs. The effect is lost. The publication does not describe or suggest this problem. If a protective sheet with an adhesive is used, the adhesive will not enter the groove, but this is not sufficient for the purpose of protection due to deterioration or peeling of the protective sheet itself. When the protective plate is positioned on the front surface of the modeled article 3 without being adhered, an outer frame or the like for engaging them is necessary. Further, two reflecting surfaces are interposed between the protective plate and the modeled object 3. Therefore, the total light transmittance of the whole is reduced by about 10%, characters and the like appear dark, and unnecessary reflection increases, which is disadvantageous.

The present embodiment aims to solve the above problems. That is, the problem is a decorative body that can be used for three-dimensional characters and the like, can be easily attached to a wall surface, etc., and exhibits a high decorative effect, and a decorative body manufacturing apparatus and a decorative body manufacturing process for manufacturing the decorative body. Is provided. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a modeled article manufacturing apparatus 50 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is an example of a flowchart of the method for manufacturing a modeled article according to the second embodiment. Hereinafter, an example of the configuration and operation of the molded article manufacturing apparatus 50 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The molded article manufacturing apparatus 50 includes, for example, the groove processing section 11, the upper surface cutting section 52, the upper surface joining section 53, and the coating processing section 14. The whole of each of the processing parts is referred to as a processing part 55. The method for manufacturing a modeled object according to the second embodiment includes, for example, a groove processing step S11, an upper surface cutting step S52, an upper surface joining step S53, and a coating processing step S14.

The grooved portion 11 (S11) is basically the same as that in the first embodiment. The groove processing part 11 may process the groove part G in the material plate 20 based on the image 30. The sectional shape of the groove portion G is not particularly limited and may be other than the wedge shape. The groove G may be void or filled. In the first embodiment, the relationship between the direction of (the bisecting surface of) the groove portion G and the direction of the front surface portion F or the back surface portion R is not limited. In this embodiment, the groove portion G may be perpendicular to the surface portion F or may not be parallel to the surface portion F. Considering the angles formed by the groove portion G and the surface portion F in the plurality of cross sections of the modeled object Z parallel to the z direction, the plurality of cross sections are parallel to each other, and the angles are constant on one side of the cross section. But it's okay. That is, the cross-sectional shape of the character formed by the groove portion G parallel to the z direction may be a parallelogram. Further, the plurality of cross sections may pass through one straight line, and the angle may be constant on one side of the cross section. That is, the cross-sectional shape of the character formed by the groove portion G parallel to the z direction may be an isosceles trapezoid or the like.

The upper surface cutting section 52 cuts the upper surface material 22 into a shape similar to the groove G based on the image 30, for example, and forms the upper surface U (S52). At that time, the upper surface cutting unit 52 may expand the contour of the character or the like included in the image 30 to thicken the width of each component such as the character. On the contrary, the groove processing section 11 may process the characters of the image 30 by making them thin. The upper surface material 22 may be a marking film made by Toyochem Co., Ltd., Nakagawa Chemical Co., Ltd., Lintec Co., Ltd., 3M Company, or a thicker resin plate, a metal plate, a metal foil, paper, or the like. The upper surface cutting section 52 may cut a film of PVC or the like with a cutting plotter, or may cut a film of olefin or the like with a laser processing machine. In cutting with a thermal processing laser such as a Co ₂ laser, the adhesive at the end portion may be denatured by heat and the thickness of the cut surface of the film may increase, so the non-thermal processing laser is preferable.

The upper surface joining portion 53 joins the upper surface portion U according to the position of the groove portion G of the surface portion F of the grooved material 10 (S53). At this time, it is desirable that the upper surface U closes the opening P of the groove G as shown in FIG. 8B. At this time, the upper surface portion U has a joint portion J with the surface portion F from the shoulder portion of the outer side surface S of the character portion formed by the groove portion G to the outer peripheral portion further outside. It is desirable that the joint width j of the joint portion J is substantially equal in each portion. The bonding width j is preferably not less than the thickness t of the upper surface U, preferably not less than 1/4 of the width w of the groove G, more preferably not less than 1/2 times the width w, further preferably not less than w, and 2 to 2 More preferably, it is 5 times or more. The joining width j is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 mm or more, further preferably 0.5 mm or more, and further preferably 1 mm or more. If the joint width j is larger, the joint portion J is less likely to peel off when the covering portion T is not present, and the effect of protecting the groove portion G by the upper surface portion U is improved. However, the larger the joint width j, the larger the protrusion amount of the upper surface U, and the effect of the three-dimensional character is lost. The joint width j may be determined by the trade-off between these two contradictory effects. Further, the ratio of the variation of the bonding width j in each part of the molded article Z to the average of the bonding width j is preferably 1/2 or less, more preferably 1/3 or less, and further preferably 1/4 or less. If this variation is large, a hole will be formed in a portion where the joint width j is narrow. Also, the effect of three-dimensional characters is lost. The upper surface joint portion 53 uses a transfer sheet (application sheet) in combination with the upper surface portion U, and further suppresses expansion and contraction during work by temperature control, thereby enabling precise and efficient positioning. In order to prevent water from accumulating in the groove G, it is preferable that the upper surface joint portion 53 is not water-bonded to the upper surface U, and if water is water-bonded, it is better to reduce water as much as possible. The joining includes not only an adhesive, but also a sticking with an adhesive or the like, and is joined as long as the upper surface portion U is fixed in contact. When the marking film is attached only to the surface portion F of the groove portion G without the filling portion L as shown in FIG. 5, the side surface S is exposed to the outside air. Therefore, especially in outdoor applications, dust and the like easily enter the groove portion G and become dirty. In the wedge-shaped groove G formed by laser processing or the like, it is difficult to remove this dirt by cleaning because the width of the tip portion is narrow. On the other hand, if the upper surface U closes the opening P, this problem is solved. The angle formed by the widest surface of the upper surface portion U and the (divided plane of) the groove portion G may be various. However, if the upper surface portion U is parallel to the groove portion G, the upper surface portion U does not close the opening portion P, so that the widest surface of the upper surface portion U does not have to be parallel to the groove portion G. It should be noted that the inside of the modeled object Z actually appears to be bent, and thus does not look like FIG. 8a. In FIG. 8a, the groove G inside the modeled object Z is shown in phantom by a dotted line, ignoring the refraction phenomenon. Further, in FIG. 8b, the enlargement ratio is different in each part for convenience of description.

The coated portion 14 adheres another material plate 20 to the grooved material plate 20 with the adhesive A or the like to form a coated portion T (S14). The covering portion T may be a plate having a constant thickness, in which case the widest surface of the upper surface portion U is substantially parallel to the surface portion F. For example, the surface F side of the covering T may be convex, and the widest surface of the upper surface U may not be parallel to the surface F. The thicker the covering portion T, the better the protection performance. However, the covering portion T may be omitted for short-term use or indoor use. If the material plate 20 is PMMA/ABS or the like, the adhesion may be solvent adhesion such as methylene dichloride/ethylene dichloride/chloroform/glacial acetic acid, or polymerization adhesion. When the coating process is performed, since the upper surface portion U closes the groove portion G, the adhesive A and the polymerization liquid do not flow into the groove portion G. Therefore, the groove portion G is not filled and is sealed as a void, so that the groove portion G reflects light and shines due to the action of the critical angle. In the case of the conditions described in paragraph 0031, this reflection effect is higher. In the groove portion G, only the surface portion of the side surface S may be colored while maintaining the void. As a result, unlike the first embodiment, the groove G is totally reflected and shines in the colored light. When the upper surface U does not block the groove G, air leaking from the groove G during the coating process remains as bubbles between the base material M and the coating T, which deteriorates the quality. The present embodiment has an effect of avoiding this trouble. When the molded article Z has the covering portion T, the protruding portion H of the upper surface portion U overhanging from the opening P to the outside may be in close contact with the surface portion F only during the covering process. Therefore, the joining force may be weaker and the joining width j may be smaller than in the case where the covering portion T is not provided. When there is no covering portion T and when there is a covering portion T and the thickness thereof is substantially uniform, of the joint portions j on both sides of the groove portion G on the upper surface portion U, the farthest from the back surface portion R, respectively. The straight line connecting the portions is substantially parallel to the surface portion F. Further, if a portion of the upper surface portion U on the outer side in the width direction of the corresponding groove portion G is located outside the portion of the groove portion G on the outermost side in the width direction of the opening portion P in the width direction, It can be seen from FIG. 8b that it can be said that the upper surface portion U closes the groove portion G. Even if the end of the upper surface U and the end of the opening P are at the same position in the width direction, the opening P can be sealed depending on the joining method. In addition, when the molded article Z does not have the covering portion T, the surface portion F is an exposed portion on the side of the upper surface portion U and is a portion other than the upper surface portion U.

The groove portion G may have a closed region shape. That is, it may be a closed figure such as a circle/polygon or a more complicated figure whose start point and end point are substantially the same. Furthermore, a plurality of closed regions may be compounded, such as the relationship between the portion of the upper surface U in the letter A of FIG. 8a and the portion in which the upper surface U does not exist. Further, the groove portion G may have an open region shape in which the start point and the end point are separated, as in G0 of FIG. 8a. That is, it is not necessary to sandwich the joint portion with the surface portion F between the joint portions J on both sides of the upper surface portion U and between them. The groove portion G may be interrupted at an area where the upper surface portion U is continuous to form an open region. The width w of the groove portion G is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.8 mm or less, and further preferably 0.5 mm or less. This is because the narrower the width w, the higher the sealing performance. Further, particularly when the molded article Z has the covering portion T, as shown in FIG. 8B, the portion of the overhanging portion H that bridges the opening P tends to be recessed in an arc shape due to pressure or the like during the covering process. When the surface of the upper surface U is smooth and has a large number of specular reflection components, irregularities are particularly conspicuous. Therefore, the smaller the depression, the higher the decorative effect. The depth dH of the recess of the projecting portion H is preferably equal to or less than the thickness t of the upper surface portion U, or preferably 1/2 or less of the width w, more preferably 1/4 or less of the width w, and 1/8 or less of the width w. Is more preferable.

Even when the groove portion G has the filling portion L as in the first embodiment, the upper portion of the filling portion L is often recessed as shown in FIG. 3A due to shrinkage and surface tension of the filling material 21 during curing. The upper surface portion U also tends to be concave accordingly. When the filling processing portion 14 raises the filling material 21 to a high level when filling the groove portion G and polishes the entire surface portion F after curing, the groove portion G and the surface portion F are flush with each other as shown in FIGS. However, this work is not preferable because it not only takes time and labor, but also scratches remain on the surface portion F and the corners of the filling portion L and the opening portion P of the surface portion F are likely to be chipped during polishing. However, when the filling processed portion 14 wipes off the unnecessary portion of the filling material 21 only, it is difficult to prevent the filling portion L from being concave on the opening P side. Therefore, also in this case, it is preferable that the width w is smaller because the depth of the recess can be suppressed to be small. If the filling portion L has a concave shape on the side of the opening P and there is no overhanging portion H on the upper surface U, or if the overhanging portion H does not reach the adjacent side surface S, the groove portion is seen even when the observer looks from the front. Since the color of G appears to be projected on the upper surface U without being hidden, the effect of three-dimensional characters is reduced. Further, in the latter case, if there is no covering portion T, the overhanging portion H is unsightly in a floating state and may cause peeling. If there is the covering portion T, the overhanging portion H becomes a groove portion G due to pressure in the covering process. It bends to the side, and the flatness of the upper surface portion U is lost. Further, as in the case where the filling portion L is not provided, the air in the concave portion becomes bubbles during the coating process to deteriorate the quality. In any case, it is a loss for the effect of the present invention. On the other hand, if the filling portion L has a concave shape on the side of the opening P and the upper surface portion U that closes the filling portion L is substantially flat, air remains in those gaps. This air serves as a cushion and absorbs the difference in expansion coefficient between the filling portion L and the base material portion M, so that the filling portion L is less likely to peel off. Therefore, joining the upper surface portion U to the side surfaces S on both sides of the groove portion G is also effective in the molded article Z in which the filling portion L is filled in the groove portion G.

The upper surface portion U may straddle a plurality of surface portions F sandwiched by the groove portions G on both sides. Further, when the groove portion G has a tapered shape with the opening P side open, the side surfaces S of the respective portions of the three-dimensional character may be substantially parallel to each other for a natural three-dimensional effect, and the taper angle is preferably small. .. On the other hand, if the taper angle is large, the three-dimensional effect is emphasized. The effect of three-dimensional characters is higher when the groove portion G has a closed region shape than when it has an open region shape. The groove processing unit 14 may laterally reverse the image 30 and process the characters so that the characters and the like become a normal image when viewed from the back surface R side. As a result, it is possible to obtain the effect that the upper surface portion U can be seen inside the characters only when the observer looks at the modeled object Z from the front, and the upper surface portion U can hardly be seen obliquely. If the groove portion G has the filling portion L and the color thereof is transparent, if a marking film or the like in the shape of letters or the like is joined to the corresponding positions on both sides of the front surface portion F and the back surface portion R, it will be in front. You can see the colors of shapes such as letters on both sides in the back. When observed from only the back surface R side, the coating T may have low transmittance or high haze. Similarly, when observed only from the front surface F side, a dark-colored and nearly opaque plate or the like may be attached and joined to the back surface R side.

One aspect of the present invention is a decorative body having a front surface portion, a back surface portion, a groove portion, and an upper surface portion, wherein the back surface portion faces the front surface portion, and the upper surface portion and the groove portion are Some of them are substantially in contact with each other (including the case where the groove portion G has the filling portion L and the case where the groove portion G has an air layer or the like between the filling portion L and the upper surface portion U. In addition, “substantially contact” means Even when an adhesive or the like is sandwiched between the upper surface portion and the groove portion, they substantially contact each other.), and the upper surface portion is closer to the surface portion than the groove portion (that is, the upper surface portion U is the groove portion). Is in the z positive direction from G), the groove is not parallel to at least one of the front surface and the back surface, the widest surface of the upper surface is not parallel to the groove, and the color of the upper surface is Unlike the color of at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, the groove portion is observable through at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, and the top surface portion is at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion. Can be observed from the side, on the side surfaces on both sides of the groove portion, the outermost portion of the upper surface portion in the width direction of the groove portion is the surface portion side of the groove portion and the most in the width direction. It is an ornamental body that is outside the same portion in the width direction as the outer portion (see paragraphs 0042-0048). The upper surface portion may have a shape along the shape of the groove portion, at least a part of the widest surface of the upper surface portion may be substantially parallel to at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, and the outer periphery of the upper surface portion and the groove portion. The widthwise distance to the outer periphery of the opening of each part may be substantially constant, the groove part may be a void, the groove part may have a filling part, and the color of the groove part is a part other than the upper surface part. , The upper surface portion may not be exposed to the front surface portion and the rear surface portion, the groove portion and the upper surface portion may form a closed region, and images, characters, logos, graphics -At least one of the patterns may be displayed. Another aspect of the present invention is to manufacture the ornamental body by processing a material (providing a grooved portion for forming the grooved portion and an upper surface joint portion for bonding an upper surface portion to the grooved portion). It is a decorative body manufacturing apparatus characterized by the above. Another aspect of the present invention is to manufacture the decorative body by processing a material (including a groove portion processing step of forming the groove portion and an upper surface joining step of joining an upper surface portion to the groove portion). This is a method for producing a decorative body, which is characterized by the above (see paragraph 0041).

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above range. It is apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiments. It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiment added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention. Further, the first embodiment and the second embodiment are common in many points that are not specified. The first embodiment and the second embodiment may be implemented in combination with each other.

The modeled object Z provided by the present invention is, for example, various signs such as signboards, store signs, company name display boards, nameplates, information boards, advertisement display boards, displays of stores, decoration of building structures such as windows, wall surfaces, and objects. Useful for.

10/50 Molded article manufacturing apparatus, 11 Groove processing section, 111 Co ₂ laser processing section, 12 Filling material mixing section, 13 Filling processing section, 14 Coating processing section, 20 Material plate, 21 Filling material, 22 Top surface material, 30 Image, 52 Upper surface cutting portion, 53 Upper surface joining portion, B bottom surface portion, C colorant, D dispersant, E viewpoint/observer, F front surface portion, G groove portion, L filling portion, M base material portion, R back surface Part, S side surface, T covering part, U upper surface part, V color developing agent, Z molded article

Claims (5)

A decorative body having a front surface portion, a back surface portion, a groove portion, and an upper surface portion,
The back surface portion faces the front surface portion,
Part of the upper surface portion and the groove portion are substantially in contact with each other,
The upper surface portion is closer to the surface portion than the groove portion,
The groove is not parallel to at least one of the front surface or the back surface,
The widest surface of the upper surface is not parallel to the groove,
The groove portion is observable through at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion,
The upper surface portion is observable from at least one side of the front surface portion or the back surface portion,
The upper surface portion is not exposed to the front surface portion and the back surface portion,
On both side surfaces of the groove portion, the outermost portion in the width direction of the groove portion of the upper surface portion is the width direction with respect to the outermost portion in the width direction on the surface portion side of the groove portion. An ornamental body characterized by being located outside of the same level. The groove is a void,
The decorative body according to claim 1. The groove portion has a filling portion,
The decorative body according to claim 1 or 2 . Display at least one of image, character, logo, figure, pattern,
The decorative body according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . A decorative body having a front surface portion, a back surface portion, a groove portion, and a top surface portion processed by processing a material, wherein the back surface portion faces the front surface portion, and the top surface portion and the groove portion are partially formed. The upper surfaces are substantially in contact with each other, the upper surface is closer to the front surface than the groove, the groove is not parallel to at least one of the front surface or the back surface, and the widest surface of the upper surface is parallel to the groove. Not, the groove portion is observable through at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, the upper surface portion is observable from at least one side of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, the upper surface portion Is not exposed to the front surface portion and the back surface portion, and on the side surfaces on both sides of the groove portion, the outermost portion in the width direction of the groove portion of the upper surface portion is the surface portion side of the groove portion. A method for producing a decorative body, comprising manufacturing an ornamental body located outside of the outermost portion in the widthwise direction in the widthwise direction.

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