JP6818971B1 - Ornament - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a modeled object or the like which does not depend on a light source color and whose color changes with light even under natural light or the like. [Means for solving the problem] At least a part of the decorative body is transparent, and the groove G includes a color band portion K having a color different from that of the transparent portion, and at least a part of the groove portion G is the color band portion K. Ornamental body having a gap between the two [selection diagram] Fig. 9

Description

The present invention relates to a decorative body used for a sign or the like.

As in the invention described in Patent Document 1, a decorative body or a method for manufacturing a decorative body is known in which a plurality of grooves are formed on a transparent base material portion apart from each other and the side surfaces of the grooves reflect light. ..

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-025860

Patent Document 1 describes an invention in step 0055 and the like that the groove G appears to be colored by the color of the illumination light, or the color of the groove G changes due to a change in the color of the light. However, the light had to be colored for this effect. Therefore, the model 3 installed outdoors could not exert this effect in natural light. Further, in order for the large area portion of the modeled object 3 to exhibit this effect, the entire surface of the portion must have the groove portion G, which requires a high processing cost. Furthermore, in the case of Co ₂ laser machining, etc., the groove width cannot be narrowed, so there is a limit to the miniaturization of the pitch of the perforated groove G, and it is impossible to reproduce a fine pattern with the small-sized model 3. There was a problem.

In the present invention, unlike the invention described in Patent Document 1, as long as the observer looks at the groove portion G through the front surface portion F or the back surface portion R, the color of the color band portion K cannot be seen due to the action of the critical angle, and the color band portion K the side portions of the color of the shaped object Z is an object of the invention to provide a shaped article such as Ru visible through the side S. In this specification, the decorative body, the display body, and the optical body are described as a modeled object.

One aspect of the present invention is a decorative body having a groove portion and at least a part of a portion other than the groove portion having transparency, and a color band portion having a color different from that of the portion where the groove portion has the transparency. It is a decorative body including, and at least a part of the groove portion has a gap between the groove portion and the color band portion (see paragraph 0057 etc.).

At least a part of the side surface of the groove portion may have a gap between the side surface portion and the color band portion. The absolute value of θS on the side surface of the groove portion may be equal to or less than the maximum total reflection side surface angle. The transparency of a part of the decorative body other than the groove portion is lower than the transparency of the portion having the transparency, and the portion having the low transparency and the portion having the transparency are in contact with each other, and the transmission is performed. The interface between the low property portion and the transparent portion does not have to be parallel to the groove portion. The color band portion may have optical transparency, and the color band portion may not be exposed to the outside. The thickness of the color band portion in the width direction of the groove portion may be at least one of 100 μm or less or 1/4 or less of the width of the groove portion. The ornament may display at least one of an image, a character, a logo, a figure, and a pattern (see paragraph 0058-0059, etc.).

Another aspect of the present invention is a decorative body lighting facility comprising the decorative body according to paragraph 0006 or 0007 and a lighting device that irradiates the decorative body with light. The luminaire may operate according to predetermined conditions (see paragraph 0059, etc.).

Another aspect of the present invention is a decorative body manufacturing apparatus including a grooved portion for processing a material and manufacturing the decorative body and the like according to paragraphs 0006 to 0008. Yet another embodiment is a method for manufacturing a decorative body, which comprises a groove processing step for processing a material and manufactures a decorative body or the like according to paragraphs 0006 to 0008.

In the modeled object according to the present invention, the decorative body appears to be colored by natural light, and the groove itself shines in the color of natural light, which is an unprecedented decorative effect. Also, this color is almost invisible from the front of the model, but visible from the side of the model, which has a tricky effect. Further, the colored light reaches the portion where the groove is not formed with only one groove. Since the present invention can display characters and the like as contours, it is possible to display finer characters and the like than in the case of using a plurality of parallel grooves.

The figure which shows the structural example of the model manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment Example of a flowchart of a modeled object manufacturing method according to the first embodiment Sectional drawing of the example of the groove part of the modeled object which concerns on 1st Embodiment Cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical path when reflection occurs on the side surface The figure which shows the structural example of the model manufacturing apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment Example of a flowchart of a modeled object manufacturing method according to the second embodiment Perspective view and sectional view of an example of a modeled object according to the second embodiment. Cross-sectional view of an example of a modeled object according to the third embodiment Perspective view and sectional view of an example of a modeled object according to the fourth embodiment.

<< First Embodiment >>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a modeled object manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is an example of a flowchart of a modeled object manufacturing method according to the first embodiment. Hereinafter, an example of the configuration and operation of the modeled object manufacturing apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The modeled object manufacturing apparatus 10 includes, for example, a grooving unit 11, a filling material mixing unit 12, a filling processing unit 13, and a coating processing unit 14. The entire processed portion is referred to as a processed portion 15. The model manufacturing method according to the first embodiment includes, for example, a grooving step S11, a filling material blending step S12, a filling processing step S13, and a coating processing step S14. The order of each part or each process may be changed. Each part or each step may include other parts or steps. Each part or a part of each step may be repeated or omitted. Other known partial steps such as cleaning and polishing may be added as appropriate.

The groove processing portion 11 acquires the material plate 20 and the like, and forms the groove portion G by the laser processing portion 111 or a known processing device such as cutting processing, mold processing, injection molding, and 3D printing (S11). The groove portion G may have an opening portion P in at least one of the front surface portion F of the material plate 20 or the back surface portion R facing the groove portion F. The filling material mixing unit 12 measures, mixes and stirs the filling material 21 (S12). The filling material 21 may be an off-the-shelf product. The filling processing portion 13 fills the groove portion G of the material plate 20 with the filling material 21 (S13). The filling material 21 protrudes from the opening P by, for example, wiping off the unnecessary filling material 21 adhering to the portion other than the groove portion G of the material plate 20 or covering the portion other than the groove portion G. Can be avoided. The filling material 21 in the groove G is cured to become the filling portion L. The coating processing portion 14 may bond another material plate 20 to the opening P side of the groove portion G as shown in FIG. 3b to form the coating portion T, and seal the groove portion G (S14). The front surface portion F and the back surface portion R of the modeled object Z having the covering portion T are exposed surfaces on the outside after the covering portion T is adhered.

The portion other than the filling portion L of the modeled object Z manufactured in the above step is the base material portion M. The material plate 20 has ABS, AS, CA, EP, MF, PA, PBS, PC, PCL, PF, PE, PES, PET, PHA, PI, PLA, PMMA, PO, PP, PS, PU, PUR. -Various resins such as PVC, SI, UF, UP, VE, glass, etc. are mainly used. Since one of the main uses of the modeled object according to the present invention is to install it outdoors, it is desirable that it can stand on its own, is not easily bent, and is not easily scratched. Therefore, when the material 20 is a resin, a hard resin is desirable. The hard resin is a resin having a flexural modulus exceeding 700 MPa, as described in JIS K 7161-1 and the like. The base material portion M may be more difficult to deform, and its flexural modulus is preferably 1000 or more, more preferably 1500 or more, further preferably 2000 or more, still more preferably 2500 to 3000 or more, and it is difficult to crack. From the viewpoint of processability, it is preferably 20000 or less, more preferably 10000 or less, and further preferably 5000 or less. The numerical value of the flexural modulus is basically measured by the method described in JIS K 7171: 2001 or ISO 178: 2001, with MPa as the unit. Originally, the test piece for measurement should be manufactured according to the shape and dimensions specified in the above standard. However, it may be difficult to prepare a test piece according to the above standard from each part of the actual modeled object Z. If there are such unavoidable circumstances, the measured value may be a measured value by an approximate measuring method, or may be a measured value or a nominal value published by the manufacturer for the same or similar product as the material 20. .. In addition, matters that do not conform to the provisions of JIS, etc. shall be in accordance with the common general technical knowledge at the time of filing the application for the present invention. The same applies hereinafter. In general, the larger the flexural modulus of the base material portion M, the lower the flexibility and the easier it is to peel off from the filling portion L due to impact or the like, so that the application of the present invention is more necessary. The tensile strength of the base material portion M (JIS K 7161-1: 2014, JIS K 7162: 1994, JIS K 7127: 1999, or ISO527-1 ・ 2.3) is preferably 30 MPa or more, more preferably. It is 40 MPa or more, more preferably 50 MPa or more, and even more preferably 60 MPa or more. The flexural strength (JIS K 7171) and compressive strength (JIS K 7181: 2011) of the base material portion M are preferably 50 MPa or more, more preferably 60 MPa or more, still more preferably 70 MPa or more, still more preferably 80 MPa or more. It is preferably 200 Mpa or less, more preferably 170 Mpa or less, still more preferably 150 Mpa or less. For the measurement, a measuring device such as AG-100kNXplus manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used. However, for indoor use, the material plate 20 may be in the form of a thinner film, and its flexibility, flexural modulus, etc. are not limited.

In the modeled object Z according to the present invention, it is often necessary for the side surfaces S on both sides or one side of the groove portion G to be seen through, so that the base material portion M should have transparency. Transparency is optical transparency, which is colorless and transparent (transparent to visible light in almost the entire area) and colored transparent (transparency differs between some bands of visible light and another band). ) Included. The total light transmittance of the base material portion M and the side surface S (JIS K 7375: 2008, partly conforming to ISO 13468-1) is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 85. % Or more, more preferably 90% or more. When the base material portion M or the filling portion L contains a fluorescent color, it may exceed 100%, so the upper limit is not particularly set. In this specification, the upper limit or the lower limit of the numerical range may not be specified because there is a possibility that a higher performance material and processing method will be developed. Since it is better that the modeled product Z has low diffusivity, the haze (JIS K 7136: 2000 or ISO 14782) of the base material portion M and the side surface S preferably shows 0 to 5% (0% or more and 5% or less). The same applies hereinafter.), More preferably 0 to 2%, still more preferably 0 to 1%. However, the present invention is also applicable when the base material portion M is opaque or substantially opaque. In the present specification, color includes optical or visual elements such as hue, saturation, lightness, transmittance, haze, refractive index, and reflectance. Even if the two materials bonded are both colorless and transparent, they have different colors if they have different refractive indexes and the bonded portions can be identified.

The thickness of the modeled object Z is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 mm to 30 mm, 0.5 mm or more, 0.2 mm or more including a thin film, or 100 mm or less. The depth dG of the groove portion G is generally preferably about 50% to 90% of the thickness of the modeled object Z from the viewpoint of strength, cost effectiveness and the like. When it is fine, the depth dG may be 0.4 mm or 0.1 mm or more. If it is less than that, peeling due to a temperature change or the like is unlikely to occur, so that the present invention does not necessarily have to be applied. The width w of the groove portion G may be 0.2 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, or 0.01 mm or more. If the modeled object Z has a thickness of 10 mm, the depth dG may be 8 mm and the width w may be 0.4 mm. When a plurality of groove portions G are parallel to each other, the pitch p may be 0.1 mm or more, or 0.5 mm or more. In the case of laser machining or the like, especially in the case of Co ₂ laser machining, the depth and pitch of the groove G may be 1 mm or more, 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 4 mm or more, 6 mm or more from the processing limit. The depth of the groove portion G is the length in the direction perpendicular to the surface portion F, and the width of the groove portion G is the length in the direction parallel to the surface portion F and perpendicular to the length direction of the groove portion G. Further, the modeled object Z is not limited to a flat plate-shaped object, and may have various shapes such as a curved surface shape, a spherical shape, a cube shape, a columnar shape, and a polygonal columnar shape, and the size thereof is also free. The material plate 20 does not have to be wedge-shaped and the front surface portion F is not parallel to the back surface portion R.

The groove processing portion 11 may process the groove portion G based on the data of the image 30 such as characters, logos, figures, and patterns. Of the dihedral angles formed by the side surfaces S on both sides of the groove portion G, the angle on the groove portion side is defined as the groove portion wedge angle θG. When the groove portion G is formed by the laser processing portion 111, it often has a wedge shape as shown in FIG. 3a. The width w of the groove portion G is the width of the portion having the maximum width, and is often the width of the opening P in the wedge-shaped groove portion G. The width of the bottom surface B of the wedge-shaped groove G is negligibly narrow with respect to the width of the groove G. As shown in FIG. 3b, θG may be substantially 0 and the side surfaces S on both sides may be substantially parallel. The length directions of the plurality of groove portions G may be parallel to each other. The bisector formed by the side surfaces S on both sides of the wedge-shaped groove G is bisected, or the surface parallel to the side surfaces S on both sides of the groove G parallel to each other and equidistant from them is defined as the bisector. The dichotomous surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface. It is described that each part of the dichotomized surface is perpendicular to the front surface portion F (or the back surface portion R) and the groove portion G is perpendicular to the front surface portion F (or the back surface portion R). The groove G may or may not be perpendicular to the surface F. The angles formed by them may be constant in each part of the modeled object Z, or may be plural. The dichotomous surface is a virtual surface and is not shown. In the present invention, the width and the length are different from each other, and the groove portion G having a long groove shape is mainly described. However, the width and the length are substantially the same, and the groove portion G is a cone, an elliptical cone, a cylinder, a truncated cone, a pyramid, etc. It may have various shapes.

The filling material mixing unit 12 may mix and stir the color developer V, the colorant C, the dispersant D, and the like to form the filling material 21. The color-developing agent V may also serve as the colorant C and may be the filling material 21 without coloring. If this is not the case, the color of the color developer V is preferably colorless and transparent or white because of its ease of coloring and good color development. If the white resin is the color developer V, the haze is high, so that almost complete opacity can be obtained even when an inorganic pigment having a low refractive index such as an organic pigment or cobalt violet is mixed. The organic pigment is a pigment made of an organic compound, and the inorganic pigment is a pigment made of an inorganic compound. Many of them are registered with Color Index International, which is managed and operated by SDC and AATTC. Even if the same colorant C is mixed, the color development tendency is different between the case where the color developer V is transparent and the case where the color developer V is opaque white. When transparent color development is required, the color developer V may satisfy the conditions of total light transmittance and haze of the base material portion M.

The color developing agent V may be made of one or more of the above resins, but a thermosetting resin is particularly preferable because of the ease of filling the groove G. The color developer V may contain the thermoplastic resin together with the thermosetting resin in a ratio that does not hinder the curing. When the base material portion M is a hard resin, the filling portion L is easily peeled off from the base material portion M. In particular, when the linear expansion coefficients of the filling portion L and the base material portion M are different, peeling occurs due to repeated temperature changes. Therefore, the present invention solves the problem of peeling by allowing the filling portion L to follow the expansion and contraction and impact of the base material portion M. For that purpose, the tensile elongation of the filled portion L may be preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more, further preferably 40% or more, still more preferably 50% or more. The larger the value, the more easily the filling portion L is deformed, so that the effect of preventing peeling due to the difference in the linear expansion coefficient between the filling portion L and the base material portion M is improved. The tensile elongation is the ratio of the elongation of the test piece to the length of the test piece when the test piece is broken by tension. Further, the tensile elongation of the filling portion L is preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more, further preferably 6 times or more, 8 times or more, still more preferably 10 times or more of the tensile elongation of the base material portion M.・ It may be 15 times or more and 20 times or more. The larger this value is, the more the filling portion L can follow the elongation of the base material portion M when an impact is applied with a margin, and the impact can be absorbed. Therefore, the impact resistance and the peeling resistance of the boundary surface are difficult. Improves sex. Alternatively, the difference obtained by subtracting the tensile elongation of the base material M from the tensile elongation of the filling portion L is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more, still more preferably 30% or more, still more preferably 40% or more. It may be. The compressive strength of the filling portion L may be lower than that of the base material portion M.

The method for measuring the tensile elongation is based on JIS K7161 and related standards, but it is often difficult to measure the filled portion L of each modeled object Z as specified. The test pieces of the base material portion M and the filling portion L are based on JIS K 7127: 1999 test piece type 2. However, when the filling portion L is peeled off from the modeled object Z or scraped off to form a sample, the filled portion L does not have the shape as defined by the above standard. In particular, when the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the length direction (y direction) of the groove portion is wedge-shaped, the thickness (length in the x direction) of the tip portion of the filling portion L is smaller than the vicinity of the opening P, so that during tensioning. It often tears from the wedge-shaped tip. Since the original value is not measured by this, if the thickness of the filling portion L taken out from the model Z is different in each part, the length of the filling portion L in the z direction is equal to or longer than the length in the x direction. The filling portion L is cut so that the difference is within 10% of the above, and the test piece is used. As a result, the difference between the lengths in the x direction at each part becomes relatively small. Further, in the filling portion L formed by Co ₂ laser machining or the like, the wedge-shaped tip portion has irregularities and the vicinity of the tip of the side surface S also has irregularities, which are also removed, and the measurement error due to the shape of the test piece is reduced. Will be done. The length of the test piece may be less than 150 mm and can be chucked, and the initial distance between the chucks may be less than 95 mm. A suitable jig may be attached to the grip so that the wedge-shaped test piece can be chucked. Two parallel marked lines with an interval of 50 mm serve as a reference for the elongation, but the interval between the marked lines may be less than 50 mm depending on the length of the test piece and the grip width of the chuck. If the tensile elongation is different for each width of the wedge-shaped test piece or for each part, the average is used as the measured value. The number of test pieces is preferably 5 or more, but may be the maximum possible number. The bifurcated surface of the filling portion L is preferably a flat surface in the length direction of the groove, and if it is a curved surface, it is preferably close to a flat surface. In this way, it should be noted that if it is necessary to measure without satisfying the conditions stipulated in the standard due to the circumstances of the modeled object Z, the measured value is likely to be lower than the original value. is there. That is, there is a possibility that the tensile elongation rate is measured at a value smaller than the original value when the filling portion L breaks from the recess. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of tests as much as possible and exclude outliers that are extremely far from the average. That is, the provisional mean value is derived from the plurality of measured values belonging to the first quartile to the third quartile in the distribution map in which the plurality of measured values are arranged in numerical order, and the provisional mean value is 75 to 125. Further average values are calculated from only the measured values in the% range. The sample of the base material portion M to be compared is also shaped and measured in the same manner. This test may be a test commissioned by the Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Center. Since the filling portion L contains the colorant C and the like, it tends to exhibit a smaller tensile fracture strain than the case where the color developer V alone is used.

Since ordinary thermosetting resins are hard resins, have high brittleness, and have little elongation margin, the above conditions cannot be satisfied. For example, unsaturated polyester UP for casting has excellent transmittance, but has a tensile elongation of 5% or less. On the other hand, the tensile elongation of PMMA is also about 5%. Therefore, the filled portion L made of ordinary UP or the like cannot follow the expansion / contraction and impact of the base material portion M made of PMMA, and eventually peels off due to the accumulation of interfacial stress and internal fracture. Although the plasticizer is effective for thermoplastic resins, it cannot be added to general thermosetting resins. However, some special types of caulking materials and sealing materials for waterproofing work that require elasticity, such as elastomers such as TPC (TPEE) and thermosetting resins such as UP, vinyl ester VE, epoxy acrylate, and epoxy EP. The one shows an extremely large tensile elongation rate of 50 to 200%. The inventor of the present invention has found that if the resin is a color developer, the filling portion L is difficult to peel off. These may be mixed with other resins, but care must be taken when mixing the thermosetting resin and the thermoplastic resin. Infrared spectrophotometer, near-infrared analyzer (specific equipment names include FT / IR-6100 or FT / IR-670Plus manufactured by JASCO Corporation, Nicolet 6700 manufactured by Thermo Scientific Co., Ltd., Blanc Lube). The infrared absorption spectrum of the filling portion L and the like can be measured by the above-mentioned 450LR and the like. From the comparison between the measurement data and the data of known substances, the type of resin of the color developer V in the filling portion L can be specified. The composition of the filling portion L can also be specified from the glass transition temperature. Further, since the thermosetting resin is generally sparingly soluble in organic solvents, alkalis and acids, and hardly soluble in ketones, esters, hydrocarbons and the like, it can be discriminated by its influence on them. UP is easier to handle than EP and cheaper than VE / EP, so it is suitable for this application. EP is suitable because it causes less yellowing.

Thermosetting elastomers (or resins) such as silicones, polyurethanes, and fluorines exhibit particularly large tensile elongation. However, these usually have a low refractive index, and as will be described later, total reflection is generated depending on the refractive index of the base material portion M and the line-of-sight angle, so that they may not be suitable for the color developer V. In addition, these tend to have a large coefficient of linear expansion and tack. When the coefficient of linear expansion of the filling portion L is not extremely larger than the coefficient of linear expansion of the base material portion M, the filling portion L is less likely to apply stress to the base material portion M at high temperatures. Therefore, the tensile elongation of the filling portion L may be preferably 5000% or less, more preferably 1000% or less, further preferably 500% or less, still more preferably 300% or less, 250% or less, or 200% or less. The tensile elongation of the filling portion L may be preferably 1000 times or less, more preferably 200 times or less, still more preferably 100 times or less, still more preferably 50 times or less of the tensile elongation of the base material portion M. Further, polyurethane has thermoplasticity and thermosetting property. Generally, thermoplastic polyurethane has a pour point of 100 to 200 ° C., and thermosetting polyurethane requires heating of 100 ° C. or higher for curing. Room temperature curable polyurethane, which has a large amount of volatile components, peels off due to shrinkage during curing. It should be noted that the higher the tensile elongation of polyurethane, the more tack remains, and it may not be suitable because it deteriorates with time such as hydrolysis / heat and yellowing due to short wavelength light. It has been pointed out that the curing agent MBOCA is harmful. Further, since a general sealing material mainly composed of silicone has a high viscosity, it is often not suitable for filling the groove portion G having a small groove portion wedge angle. For these reasons, the filling portion L may be made of a thermosetting resin other than at least one of silicone, polyurethane, and fluorine. However, a mixed resin of silicone / polyurethane / fluororesin and UP or the like is useful due to the variability of the refractive index and the tensile elongation. UP is easy to cure even if there are many impurities. The volume shrinkage of the filling portion L before and after curing is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 7% or less, still more preferably 5% or less, still more preferably 3% or less. The kinematic viscosity of the filling material 21 is preferably 500 or less, more preferably 0 to 200, still more preferably 0 to 100, still more preferably 0 to 50 (unit: mm ₂ / s, measuring method is color developer. If V is a petroleum product, it conforms to JIS K 2283: 2000, some ISO2909 and ISO3104, and if it is a other liquid, it conforms to JIS Z 8803: 2011).

The cause of the boundary surface peeling phenomenon to be solved by the present invention will be considered. (1) When each part of the modeled object Z expands and contracts due to a temperature change outdoors, etc., the linear expansion coefficient differs between the base material portion M and the filling portion L, so that residual stress accumulates at each expansion and contraction, or on the boundary surface. Shear force works and eventually peels off. This is often seen near both ends of the groove G. (2) When the water absorption of the base material portion M is relatively high, the front surface portion F and the back surface portion R of the base material portion M absorb rainwater or the like and expand, but the inside does not expand, so that the entire modeling portion 3 is distorted. Occurs or warps. The same phenomenon occurs due to the temperature difference between the surface and the inside of the modeled object Z when the temperature rises and falls. As a result, a shearing force is mainly applied in the depth direction of the groove, and the boundary surface cannot withstand and peels off at each part. (3) When the opening P side is exposed as shown in FIG. 3a, the opening side of the base material portion M opens or closes due to a change in temperature or humidity. That is, the groove wedge angle of the base material portion M changes. Axial force is applied to the filling portion L and the boundary surface in the width direction, but since there is a limit to expansion and contraction in the width direction, they are peeled off. (4) The model 3 may be installed in an indoor public space such as a commercial facility, but even in such a case, there is a lot of vibration and impact of collision in a place where people and luggage come and go. When an internal force in various directions including a bending moment and a twisting moment is applied to the boundary surface of each part due to an impact, the boundary surface is peeled off to absorb the impact. As described above, the interfacial stress received by the model 3 is the (1) length (y) direction (2) depth (z) direction (3) width (x) direction (4) multi-direction of the groove G in FIG. It is thought that they are combined to cause interfacial delamination. Increasing the tensile elongation of the packed portion L is effective in improving the resistance to interfacial stresses (1) to (4), but in particular, it has a great effect in improving the impact resistance of (4).

The filling portion L can be considered as an adhesive that adheres itself to the base material portion M. The bonding force of the boundary surface may exceed the tensile strength of the filling portion L. That is, the peeling of the filling portion L causes the color of the groove portion G to disappear in a wide range, and moreover, the portion reflects all the light, so that it looks white and is annoying. On the other hand, the breakage of the filling portion L (the plane perpendicular to the length direction or the depth direction of the groove is the cross section) is usually a very thin streak, and the crack portion is dark because light does not reach it, so it is almost eye-catching. I can't get it. Therefore, it can be said that the breakage has less adverse effect on the decorativeness of the model 3 than the peeling. Further, when the base material portion M expands in the width direction of the groove, if the filling portion L breaks into two portions at the dichotomizing surface and each of the two portions remains joined to the side surfaces S on both sides, it is peeled off. Can be avoided. Therefore, in some cases, when the filling portion L cannot follow the deformation of the base material portion M, it is desirable that the filling portion L does not peel off by breaking. For that purpose, the adhesive strength of the filling portion L may be equal to or higher than the tensile strength of the filling portion L. This corresponds to a comparison between the stress (N) applied to the peeling of the filling portion L and the stress (N) applied to the tensile cutting of the filling portion L. Specifically, this measurement is performed as follows. The bottom surface portion B side and, if necessary, the base material portion M on the opening P side are cut so that the modeled object 3 is fixed and separated on both sides with the side surface S as a boundary. It is necessary to process so that the stress during processing is not applied to the filling portion L as much as possible. Next, the base material portion M is separated on both sides, and if the filling portion L is torn by the base material portions M on both sides, the adhesive strength is greater than the tensile strength. If the filling portion L is exposed only on one side and the other side remains on the base material portion M, both sides of the tip portion of the remaining portion are exposed as grip portions of 10 mm or more. Here, the grip portion is fixed to the chuck of the measuring device, the stress applied to peeling is measured by a method according to the 90 ° peeling adhesive strength (JIS K 6854-1 1999), and the tension of the filling portion L having the same cross-sectional shape is measured. Compared to the stress at the time of cutting. Alternatively, the tester can pinch the gripped portion with a finger and pull it at an angle of approximately 90 ° to check whether the filling portion L can be peeled off without being cut or cut in the middle. The greater the tensile elongation of the filling portion L than the tensile elongation of the base material M, the greater the elongation of the filling portion L. On the other hand, the larger the adhesive strength of the filled portion L is, the weaker the bonded filled portion L is with respect to tension and the easier it is to break. Therefore, although these are completely different, some of the resins are easily stretchable and easy to cut, and when the adhesive strength is strong, they are compatible with each other.

For the long-term durability of the model Z, it is desirable that the color developer V, the colorant C, and the like are chemically stable and have high light resistance. If the colorant C is an inorganic pigment such as iron oxide, carbon black, or titanium oxide, an opaque color is obtained, and if the colorant C is an organic pigment such as phthalocyanine or quinacridone, a transparent color is obtained. The concentration, transmittance, and degree of color development of the groove G vary depending on the type of the colorant C and the ratio of the colorant C to the filling portion L. The weight ratio of the colorant C to the filling material 21 before the filling operation is usually 0.1 to 20%, preferably 0.5 to 10%, but the width of the groove G, the type of the colorant C, and the color development Other than that may be used depending on the specific gravity of the colorant C with respect to the agent V and the desired visual effect. The filling material blending unit 12 pulverizes the aggregated colorant C with a roll mill, a ball mill, a bead mill, or the like to obtain finer particles, and further disperses the aggregated colorant C sufficiently in the color developer V by stirring or mixing the dispersant D. be able to. However, this is not the case when an effect different from the smooth and transparent color development is required, such as a rough texture due to the colorant C having a large particle size. Dispersant D is known to include metal soaps such as zinc, aluminum, potassium, calcium, sodium, barium, magnesium and lithium, such as stearic acid soap, hydroxystearic acid soap, bechenic acid soap, montanic acid soap and lauric acid soap. From the group, it may be appropriately selected according to the suitability of the color developer V and the colorant C, and the blending ratio and the like may be determined. Instead of the combination of the usual pigment and the like and the dispersant D, a colorant C which has been easily dispersed and a paint which has been dispersed may be used. Further, the filling material mixing unit 12 and the filling processing unit 13 cooperate with each other to gradually change the composition of the colorant C during the processing of one modeled object 3, so that the colors of the plurality of groove portions G are gradually changed in a gradation pattern. The color may be changed in a gradation shape from a part in each groove G to another part.

The material plate 20 for the covering portion T should be colorless and transparent and have a high total light transmittance or visible light transmittance, but may be colored and transparent depending on the application. For simplicity, the covering portion T may be a thin adhesive soft film such as PET having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less. For long-term use, it is preferable that the plate-shaped covering portion T is fixed as shown in FIG. 3b. The plate-shaped covering portion T not only makes the modeled object 3 difficult to crack, but also suppresses the base material portion 3 from expanding and contracting in the width direction of the groove portion G, and prevents peeling due to the above (3). If the plate-shaped covering portion T is made of the same, the same type, or similar material as the base material portion M and is thinner, it is preferable because the physical properties are similar to those of the material plate 20 on the side having the groove portion G. For example, the cast plate and the extruded plate of PMMA are not the same material, but they are both PMMA and belong to the same classification among the above-mentioned various resins, so they are the same type. Further, if hard PVC and PMMA have similar linear expansion coefficients and can be welded by the same solvent, they are similar in that respect. Further, if the colors of the covering portion T and the base material portion M are the same, the boundary portions thereof cannot be visually identified as shown in FIG. 3b, and they are visually integrated. Then, the groove G is contained in the lump of the transparent resin and appears to be floating. However, it is sometimes possible to distinguish between the base material portion M and the coating portion T from the measurement results of the difference in the refractive index, the crystal direction, and the molecular weight by an ellipsometer, an Abbe type, or another refractive index meter.

The filling portion L has a different color from the base material portion M and the coating portion T due to the inclusion of the colorant C. Any of the hue, saturation, lightness, total light transmittance, and visible light transmittance may be clearly different in the colors of the plurality of parts of the modeled object Z. In terms of hue, when comparing multiple colors, if the near side of the Munsell color wheel is separated by 25 to 50 steps, it can be clearly distinguished from another color, and if it is 35 to 50, the difference in hue of any of the main primary colors. Corresponding to, 45 to 50 are close to complementary colors, so the colors are clearly different. Or, if the angle on the small side where multiple colors are separated in the H value of the HSV color space is 90 to 180 °, it can be clearly distinguished from another color, and if it is 120 to 180 °, it is one of the primary colors of RGB or CMY. It corresponds to the difference in hue of any of the colors such as, and if it is 150 to 180 °, it is close to complementary colors, so it is also different. In terms of saturation, although it depends on the hue, if the difference between the plurality of colors is generally 4 or more in the Munsell color system, the colors are clearly different, and if it is 6 or more and 8 or more, the colors are more clearly different. In terms of lightness, if the difference between a plurality of colors is 3 or more, the colors are clearly different, and if the difference is 4 or more and 5 or more, the colors are more clearly different. It would be even more obvious if they were combined. For these color measurements, for example, a spectrophotometer such as CM-5 manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. or a color difference meter such as CR-5 is used, but when measurement is difficult due to a narrow color measurement range or the like. May be used in combination with visual comparison. In the total light transmittance or the visible light transmittance, the color is clearly different when the difference between the plurality of colors is 40% or more, and more clearly when the difference is 60% or more and 80% or more. Depending on the desired effect, a part of the modeled object Z and another part may be different by a measured value narrower than the above range. The upper limit of different colors may be expanded beyond the range possible at the time of filing due to technological advances, and is not particularly limited.

Here, other than the above, the conditions of the modeled object to which the present invention should be introduced will be described. The problem of the present invention can be said to be a problem peculiar to the case where the resin or the like of a difficult-to-adhesive material has a filling portion L, if environmental factors are ignored. Specifically, when the wetting tension of the base material portion M is close to or less than the wetting tension of the filling portion L, the filling portion L does not adhere well to the base material portion M. If the wetting tension of the base material is high, interfacial peeling is unlikely to occur. Further, if the surface of the base material portion is rough, the adhesion is stronger. If the groove portion G is shallow and its width is narrow, the difference in the amount of expansion and contraction between the filling portion L and the base material portion M due to a temperature change is small, so that peeling is unlikely to occur. If the groove wedge angle of the groove G is sufficiently large, the paint adheres to each of the plurality of side surfaces on both sides of the groove G, and there is a gap between them, so that there is no peeling due to pulling from both sides. Therefore, the present invention does not necessarily have to be applied. Even if the groove wedge angle is small, if the color developer V or the like is applied only to the side surface S of the groove G and the center of the groove G is a gap, the gap will be created when the base material M expands and contracts in the width direction of the groove. It may act as a cushion and not peel off. However, if there is no void in the groove portion G and almost the entire groove portion G is the filling portion L as shown in FIG. 3, when the base material portion M expands and the groove portion wedge angle opens in the width direction, the elongation is filled. If it exceeds the elongation of part L, it is peeled off. The present invention is particularly required when the wetting tension of the base material portion M is relatively small, the side surface S is smooth, the groove portion G is deep, and the groove portion wedge angle is small. Further, one of the conditions is that the transmittance of the base material portion M is so high that the side surface S can be seen through the base material portion M.

More specifically, in the following cases, the filling portion L is easily peeled off, or the peeling is easily noticeable, and the present invention exerts a remarkable effect. 1. The groove G has no voids. 2. The linear swelling rate (JIS K 7197-991, etc.) of the base material portion M and the filling portion L differs by 10% or more, or 5% or more, whichever is larger. 3. The base material M is a difficult-to-adhere material such as PE, PMMA, PP, PS, the base material M has a wetting tension of 45 mN / m or less, and the base material M has a wetting tension (JIS K 6768: 1999 or ISO 8296-1987). The difference obtained by subtracting the wetting tension of the filling portion L from) is at least one of 10 mN / m or less. The wetting tension is obtained from a wetting tension or the like whose contact angle with the test piece is 0 ° and whose wetting tension is known. 4. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the side surface S is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 1 or less, further preferably 0.5 or less, and the maximum height roughness Rz is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 2 or less, still more preferable. Is 1 or less, the arithmetic mean swell Wa is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 2 or less, further preferably 1 or less, and the maximum height swell Wz is preferably 16 or less, more preferably 4 or less, still more preferably 2 or less. (JIS B 0601: 2013 or ISO 4287: 1997) The smoothness of the side surface S can also be defined by the above-mentioned total light transmittance and haze values. 5. The depth dG is on the order of mm or more, for example, 5 mm or more. The deeper the groove G, the larger the amount of displacement due to temperature changes and the like between the opening P side and the opposite side, and the interfacial stress also increases. Since the model Z having a deep groove G generally has a large size in the x and y directions, the interfacial stress in the groove length direction also increases, and as a result, a problem that did not occur in the shallow and short groove model becomes apparent. .. 6. There is a thermal effect on the side surface S of the base material portion M. 7. The angle of the groove G side formed by the side surface S as a perpendicular line or normal line to the front surface portion F or the back surface portion R of the modeled object Z is 90-2 arcsin (1 / n _M ) or less (n _M is the base material portion M). Refractive index).

The above 3 and 4 are related to the adhesiveness between the base material portion M and the filling portion L. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are features found in the groove G formed by laser machining. In particular, in the cutting process using a Co ₂ laser, the cut surface is heated by infrared rays to melt, and then hardened after cooling. As a result, the cut surface becomes smooth as in 4, but due to the heat effect of 6, the adhesiveness is inferior to that of the surface of extrusion molding, cast molding, and machining. Further, on this cut surface, a depth of about 0.05 to 20 μm, or 0.1 to 5 μm, sometimes 0.2 at a pitch of about 25 to 3000 μm, or 50 to 1000 μm, sometimes 100 to 400 μm reflecting the laser pulse. A plurality of irregularities of ~ 2 μm parallel to the depth direction of the groove are formed, and a plurality of irregularities having a pitch of approximately 1 to 4 mm, which are considered to be due to the flow of the molten resin, and having a pitch of approximately 1 to 4 mm and substantially parallel to the length direction of the groove. Concavities and convexities are often formed. This unevenness has a pitch of approximately 1/20 to 10 times, or 1/10 to 3 times, and sometimes 1/4 to 1 times the width w of the groove portion G, and is approximately 1/8 to 1/20 times, or 1/1. The depth may be 4000 to 1/100 times, sometimes 1/2000 to 1/200 times. This unevenness is the largest unevenness caused by a processing error generated on the side surface S. Here, "a plurality of irregularities parallel to the depth direction of the groove" means that in the wedge-shaped groove portion G, the side surface S has an inclination of θG / 2 with respect to the depth direction of the groove, but this is not considered. It is shown that the plurality of irregularities are parallel to the line of intersection between the plane and the side surface S parallel to the depth direction and the width direction of the groove. 6 will be described next.

側面Ｓでの反射が全反射となるようなθＳの範囲は、

充填部Ｌが剥離しているか、溝部Ｇが空隙で側面Ｓに基材部Ｍが露出しているならば、充填部Ｌは空気ないし真空であり、ｎ_Ｇ＝１なので

θＥ＝−９０（°）までのθＥがとりうる範囲のすべてにおいて、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるようなθＳの範囲は、数３より
θＳ≦９０−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）…（ｉ）
θＥ＝０（°）、すなわち視点Ｅが溝部Ｇを表面部Ｆの正面から見た時に、充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるθＳの範囲は、数３より
θＳ≦９０−ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）…（ｉｉ）
（２）図４ｂ（θＳ＜０）の場合
側面Ｓでの反射が基材部Ｍ側から見える最大のθＥとなる（図４ｂの最も左寄りである）視点Ｅは、
ａｒｃｓｉｎ［（ｓｉｎθＥ）／ｎ_Ｍ］＝θＳ
となる位置であるから、
ａｒｃｓｉｎ［（ｓｉｎθＥ）／ｎ_Ｍ］≦θＳ
側面Ｓでの全反射が視点Ｅで観察される最大のθＳでは、θＥ＝−９０（°）の時のみ反射が観察可能となるので、
θＳ≧ａｒｃｓｉｎ（−１／ｎ_Ｍ）…（ｉｉｉ）
図４ａにおけるθＳ＜０の場合及び図４ｂにおけるθＳ≧０の場合、すなわち図４ａ・ｂの溝部Ｇのそれぞれ左側の側面Ｓに関する場合は、上記の場合に対し左右対称の関係であり、上記各数式において各項の正負及び不等号の向きが逆になる。ゆえに、（ｉｉｉ）から、図４ｂのように溝部Ｇの開口部Ｐ側のみから観察される場合には、
｜θＳ｜≦ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）
であれば、溝部Ｇの手前に側面Ｓが見えるようなθＥのすべての範囲において、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるので、本発明が適用される必要がある。本明細書等では、ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）を最大全反射可視側面角と記載する。例えばｎ_Ｍ＝１．５とすると、θＳの絶対値が約４１．８°以下ならば、剥離した充填部Ｌの色は側面Ｓを通しては見えない。
次に、開口部Ｐ側からだけでなく、図４ａのように溝部Ｇの開口部Ｐの反対側からも観察される場合には、（ｉ）から、
｜θＳ｜≦９０−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）
であれば、溝部Ｇの手前に側面Ｓが見えるようなθＥのすべての範囲において、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色がまったく見えなくなるので、本発明が適用される必要がある。本明細書等では、９０−２ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）を最大全部全反射側面角と記載する。例えばｎ_Ｍ＝１．５とすると、θＳが約６．３８°以下ならば、表面部Ｆ及び裏面部Ｒ側のすべてのθＥに対し、剥離した充填部Ｌの色は側面Ｓを通しては見えない。二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直な溝部Ｇでは、θＧが約１２．７６°以下ならば同様である。基材部ＭがＰＭＭＡで、ｎ_Ｍ＝１．４９ならば、θＳの絶対値が約５．６９°以下、又は二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直な溝部ＧでθＧが約１１．３８°以下の場合、本発明により充填部Ｌの剥離が生じないことで、どこから見ても充填部Ｌの色が鮮明に見える効果が得られる。また、（ｉｉ）から、
｜θＳ｜≦９０−ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）
であれば、少なくとも一部のθＥにおいて、側面Ｓで全反射が発生して充填部Ｌの色が見えなくなるので、本発明が適用された方がよい。本明細書では、９０−ａｒｃｓｉｎ（１／ｎ_Ｍ）を一部全反射側面角と記載する。ｎ_Ｍ＝１．５とすると、θＳが約４８．１９°以下ならば、剥離した充填部Ｌの色は正面からは見えない。二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直な溝部Ｇでは、θＧが約９６．３８°以下ならば同様である。なお、数３より、充填部Ｌの色が見えないθＥの範囲は、

である。図４ａにおいて、θＥがこれより小さい時、すなわち視点Ｅが右寄りの時には、側面Ｓで全反射が起こらず、充填部Ｌが剥離していても側面Ｓを透過してその色が見える。 Even when the base material portion M and the filling portion L are peeled off and their interfaces are not in close contact with each other, not only when the side surface S causes total reflection and the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen, but also the filling portion The color of L may be seen through the side surface S. The critical conditions for both are shown below.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the wedge-shaped groove G perpendicular to the length direction. In FIG. 4, the light incident on the side surface S at the incident angle θI (θI <0) is reflected at the reflection angle −θI, and the reflected light is refracted by the back surface portion R and reaches the viewpoint E. However, if the filling portion L is not separated on the side surface S, the reflected light on the side surface S is a part of the incident light, and the rest is absorbed by the filling portion L, transmitted through the filling portion L, or the side surface. Diffuse with S. In FIG. 4, the angle formed by the line of sight from the viewpoint E as a perpendicular line or a normal line to the front surface portion R (hereinafter referred to as a line-of-sight angle or θE) is equal to the emission angle of light from the back surface portion R. The angle formed by the side surface S as a perpendicular or normal to the surface portion F is θS, the refractive index of the base material portion M is n _M , the refractive index of the filling portion L is n _G , and the refractive index of air is 1. Since the clockwise direction is the positive direction, if θS> 0, the right side surface S of FIG. 4a or the left side surface S of FIG. 4b, and if θS <0, the right side surface S of FIG. 4b or the left side of FIG. 4a. Corresponds to the side surface S. The covering portion T, the colorant C, and the like are omitted in FIG. If the covering portion T is flat and both sides thereof are parallel to each other and the refractive index of the covering portion T is n _M , the presence or absence of the covering portion T does not affect the refraction angle or the like. When n _G <n _M or the filling portion L is peeled off on the side surface S, if the reflection angle θI is equal to or greater than the critical angle arcsin (n _G / n _M ), the reflection on the side surface S becomes total reflection, and the filling portion The color of L does not reach the viewpoint E. This state can be expressed by an equation, according to Snell's law.
(1) In the case of FIG. 4a (θS ≧ 0)

The range of θS such that the reflection on the side surface S is total reflection is

If the filling portion L is peeled off, or if the groove portion G is a gap and the base material portion M is exposed on the side surface S, the filling portion L is air or vacuum, and n _G = 1.

In all the ranges that θE can take up to θE = −90 (°), the range of θS such that total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen is θS ≦ 90-2 arcsin from Equation 3. (1 / n _M ) ... (i)
θE = 0 (°), that is, the range of θS in which the color of the filling portion L becomes invisible when the viewpoint E sees the groove portion G from the front of the surface portion F is θS ≦ 90-arcsin (1 / n _M) from Equation 3. ) ... (ii)
(2) In the case of FIG. 4b (θS <0), the viewpoint E at which the reflection on the side surface S is the maximum θE seen from the base material portion M side (the leftmost side of FIG. 4b) is
arcsin [(sin θE) / n _M ] = θS
Because it is the position
arcsin [(sin θE) / n _M ] ≤ θ S
At the maximum θS in which the total reflection on the side surface S is observed at the viewpoint E, the reflection can be observed only when θE = −90 (°).
θS ≧ arcsin (-1 / n _M )… (iii)
When θS <0 in FIG. 4a and when θS ≧ 0 in FIG. 4b, that is, when the side surface S on the left side of the groove portion G in FIGS. 4a and 4b is concerned, the relationship is symmetrical with respect to the above case. In the formula, the positive and negative directions of each term and the direction of the inequality sign are reversed. Therefore, when observed from (iii) only from the opening P side of the groove G as shown in FIG. 4b,
| ΘS | ≤ arcsin (1 / n _M )
If this is the case, the present invention needs to be applied because total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filling portion L becomes invisible in the entire range of θE where the side surface S can be seen in front of the groove portion G. .. In the present specification and the like, arcsin (1 / n _M ) is described as the maximum total reflection visible side angle. For example, when n _M = 1.5, if the absolute value of θS is about 41.8 ° or less, the color of the peeled filling portion L cannot be seen through the side surface S.
Next, when observing not only from the opening P side but also from the opposite side of the groove G opening P as shown in FIG. 4a, from (i),
| ΘS | ≤90-2 arcsin (1 / n _M )
If this is the case, the present invention needs to be applied because total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filling portion L becomes completely invisible in the entire range of θE where the side surface S can be seen in front of the groove portion G. is there. In the present specification and the like, 90-2 arcsin (1 / n _M ) is described as a maximum total internal reflection side angle. For example, assuming that n _M = 1.5, if θS is about 6.38 ° or less, the color of the peeled filling portion L cannot be seen through the side surface S with respect to all θE on the front surface portion F and the back surface portion R side. .. The same applies to the groove portion G whose dichotomous surface is perpendicular to the surface portion F if θG is about 12.76 ° or less. If the base material M is PMMA and n _M = 1.49, the absolute value of θS is about 5.69 ° or less, or the bisection surface is a groove G perpendicular to the surface F and θG is about 11.38 ° or less. In this case, since the filling portion L is not peeled off according to the present invention, the effect that the color of the filling portion L can be clearly seen can be obtained from any angle. Also, from (ii)
| ΘS | ≤90-arcsin (1 / n _M )
If so, the present invention should be applied because total reflection occurs on the side surface S and the color of the filling portion L becomes invisible at least in a part of θE. In the present specification, 90-arcsin (1 / n _M ) is described as a partial total reflection side angle. _{Assuming that} n _M = 1.5, if θS is about 48.19 ° or less, the color of the peeled filling portion L cannot be seen from the front. The same applies to the groove portion G whose dichotomous surface is perpendicular to the surface portion F if θG is about 96.38 ° or less. From Equation 3, the range of θE in which the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen is

Is. In FIG. 4a, when θE is smaller than this, that is, when the viewpoint E is to the right, total reflection does not occur on the side surface S, and even if the filling portion L is peeled off, the color can be seen through the side surface S.

If the width w of the groove portion G is sufficiently larger than the depth dG, the color of the filling portion L of the opening portion P can be seen from the front, so that there is no problem even if the side surface S is peeled off. Therefore, the present invention does not necessarily have to be applied. This is true even if θG is small if the groove portion G has a bottom surface portion B and is trapezoidal. Considering the ratio of the depth d to the width w, if it is 5 times or more, when the line of sight E looks at the side surface S from an oblique direction, the apparent depth becomes shallow due to refraction, but the width is about 2.5 times or more. Therefore, it exhibits a certain effect when the present invention is applied. If it is 10 times or more, the apparent depth appears to be about 5 times or more the width, so that the present invention has a clear effect. If it is 15 times or more, a sufficient effect is shown, and if it is 20 times or more, the present invention is indispensable. Further, the cross section in the width direction of the groove portion G to which the present invention should be applied may have a shape in which θS is plural or changes like a U shape. In that case, out of the total lengths of the side surfaces S, the bottom surface B, and the opening P on both sides, the maximum total reflection side angle (or some total reflection side angle) is the angle formed by the perpendicular or normal to the surface F. ) If the total length in the range below is preferably 1/2 or more, the present invention exerts a clear effect, more preferably 4/5 or more, still more preferably 9/10 or more, still more preferably 19. If it is / 20, it can be considered that most of the groove G satisfies the above condition, and the present invention is indispensable.

However, when n _M <2 ^1/2 , when θE is close to −90 °, the number 3 may change to θS <0, but the number 3 is (1), that is, the formula when θS ≧ 0. Because there is, it does not hold. Similarly, when θS <0, it does not hold. That is, in the material plate 20 having a refractive index of less than about 1.41, for example, the model Z made of a transparent fluororesin such as PFA / FEP, θS = from the viewpoint on the opposite side of the opening P as shown in FIG. 4a. Even if the filling portion L and the base material portion M are separated from each other in the groove portions G of all θS including 0, the color of the filling portion L may be seen through the side surface S of the base material portion M. As θS is larger, this holds even if the absolute value of θE is smaller, so that the range in which the color of the filling portion L can be seen is expanded. Therefore, the present invention is indispensable when n _M ≥ 2 ^1/2 in addition to the conditions in the preceding paragraph. However, even when n _M <2 ^1/2 , the color of the peeled filling portion L may not be visible, so the present invention may be applied.

Next, the relationship between the refractive index of the filling portion L and the refractive index of the base material portion M in the groove portion G in which the filling portion L is not peeled off will be examined.
(1) When n _G ≧ n _M If the refractive index of the base material portion M is equal to or less than the refractive index of the filling portion L, total reflection due to the action of the critical angle does not occur. The reverse is also true, and at all line-of-sight angles on the front surface F and back surface R sides, total reflection does not occur on the side surface S with respect to the incident light from the base material portion M to the side surface S, and even if there is reflection, the portion If the color of the filling portion L can be seen through the side surface S from any viewpoint that is reflection and the side surface S on the side can be seen, the refractive index of the base material portion M is equal to or less than the refractive index of the filling portion L. Refractive index is based on Abbe refractometer (for example, Atago NAR-1T SOLID, sodium D line, JIS K 7142: 2014 for details other than measurement by this machine, ISO 489: 1999 or common technical knowledge at the time of filing. .) Etc. can be measured. The Abbe refractometer is suitable for this application because it measures the refractive index of the surface of the test piece using the critical angle method. The measured value is basically unaffected by the refractive index of the colorant C or the like contained in the filling portion L, and indicates the refractive index of the color developer V. Generally, the refractive index of SI or silicone rubber is 1.43 or less, and the refractive index of fluororesin such as PETE or fluororubber is 1.3 units. Generally, the refractive index of PMMA is 1.49 or more, and the refractive index of hard resin is higher than that of SI. Therefore, in order to clearly see the color of the groove portion at all line-of-sight angles, a color developer V having a refractive index of M or higher of the base material portion M is preferable, not SI / fluororesin or the like. Comparing the refractive indexes of each part, if the colorant C ≧ color developer V ≧ base material part M, total reflection does not occur at all line-of-sight angles, and the color is always clearly visible. Further, if the metal is in close contact with the interface of the side surface S by vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like, metallic luster is generated regardless of the magnitude of the refractive index, and a reflection effect different from total reflection due to the critical angle can be obtained. The groove G does not have to have such a metal film to prevent reflection. On the other hand, in a paint or the like mixed with a metal powder, it is the color developer V such as a transparent resin that is in close contact with the side surface S, so that the refractive index of the color developer V has an effect. Since metal powder is diffuse reflection, the reflection effect is weak.

ａ 充填部Ｌの屈折率が基材部Ｍの屈折率に近ければ、側面Ｓの臨界角が９０°に近づくため、界面での反射がほとんど起こらない。溝部Ｇの二分面が表面部Ｆに垂直であり、基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．５であるとする。基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．４９であれば、数５よりθＥの絶対値が０から約９．９６°までの範囲で側面Ｓでの全反射が見える。この範囲内では、側面Ｓへの入射角の絶対値が臨界角以上であるため充填部Ｌの色は見えない。θＥが９．９６°より大きく９０°未満の範囲では充填部Ｌの色が見える。この範囲では、裏面部Ｒ側に文字等が貼られていると、充填部Ｌの色に隠れて見えなくなる効果が得られる。この効果は、側面Ｓで全反射が起こると、側面Ｓに裏面部Ｒが映って見えるために低下する。よって、この効果のためには、充填部Ｌの屈折率が基材部Ｍの屈折率以上であればよい。あるいは次善の策として、その差が小さいほうがよく、好ましくは０．１以下、より好ましくは０．０５以下、さらに好ましくは０．０３以下でもよい。
ｂ 充填部Ｌの屈折率と基材部Ｍの屈折率との差が大きいほど、側面Ｓでの反射が起きやすくなる。基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．４ならば、数５よりθＥの絶対値が０から約３２．６°までの範囲で側面Ｓでの全反射が見え、それ以外の範囲では充填部Ｌの色が見える。基材部Ｍの屈折率が１．３ならば、θＥの絶対値が０から約４８．４°までの範囲で側面Ｓでの全反射が見える。これらの場合、正面からある程度のθＥまでは、光源の位置によっては、側面Ｓが背景を反射して充填部Ｌの色が見えず、側面Ｓが平滑で背景が近ければ背景が映って見え、背景が遠ければぼんやりと映るか光って見える。光源がしかるべき位置になければ、側面Ｓは暗く落ち込んで見える。θＥが数５の範囲を超えると、充填部Ｌの色が見えるようになる。ただし、界面での反射は多少残る。全反射から充填部Ｌの色への転換は、臨界角の作用により、中間段階がなく急激に起こる。それは、常に充填部Ｌの色が見えているのとは異なる意外さを観察者に感じさせ、用途によっては有用な効果をもたらす。正面に近い視線角度では充填部Ｌの色が見えず、視線角度が大きくなると充填部Ｌの色が見える、という効果が意図される場合には、充填部Ｌと基材部Ｍの屈折率の差は０．３以下・０．２以下・０．１以下でもよく、０．０５以上でもよい。 (2) When n _G <n _M If the refractive index of the filling portion L is smaller than the refractive index of the base material portion M, total reflection may occur when θE is small, and the color of the filling portion L may not be visible. If θS = 0, then the range of such absolute values of θE is

a If the refractive index of the filling portion L is close to the refractive index of the base material portion M, the critical angle of the side surface S approaches 90 °, so that reflection at the interface hardly occurs. It is assumed that the bifurcated surface of the groove portion G is perpendicular to the surface portion F and the refractive index of the base material portion M is 1.5. If the refractive index of the base material portion M is 1.49, total reflection on the side surface S can be seen in the range where the absolute value of θE is from 0 to about 9.96 ° from Equation 5. Within this range, the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen because the absolute value of the angle of incidence on the side surface S is equal to or greater than the critical angle. The color of the filling portion L is visible in the range where θE is larger than 9.96 ° and less than 90 °. In this range, if characters or the like are pasted on the back surface R side, the effect of being hidden by the color of the filling portion L and becoming invisible can be obtained. This effect is reduced when total reflection occurs on the side surface S because the back surface portion R appears to be reflected on the side surface S. Therefore, for this effect, the refractive index of the filling portion L may be equal to or higher than the refractive index of the base material portion M. Alternatively, as a second best measure, the difference should be small, preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and even more preferably 0.03 or less.
b The greater the difference between the refractive index of the filling portion L and the refractive index of the base material portion M, the more likely it is that reflection will occur on the side surface S. If the refractive index of the base material portion M is 1.4, total reflection on the side surface S can be seen in the range where the absolute value of θE is from 0 to about 32.6 ° from Equation 5, and in the other ranges, the filling portion L can be seen. I can see the color of. If the refractive index of the base material portion M is 1.3, total reflection on the side surface S can be seen in the range where the absolute value of θE is from 0 to about 48.4 °. In these cases, from the front to a certain extent θE, depending on the position of the light source, the side surface S reflects the background and the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen, and if the side surface S is smooth and the background is close, the background appears to be reflected. If the background is far away, it looks vague or shining. If the light source is not in the proper position, the side surface S looks dark and depressed. When θE exceeds the range of Equation 5, the color of the filling portion L becomes visible. However, some reflection at the interface remains. The conversion from total reflection to the color of the filling portion L occurs rapidly without an intermediate step due to the action of the critical angle. It makes the observer feel a surprise different from the fact that the color of the filling portion L is always visible, and brings about a useful effect depending on the application. If the effect is intended that the color of the filling portion L cannot be seen at a line-of-sight angle close to the front and the color of the filling portion L can be seen as the line-of-sight angle increases, the refractive index of the filling portion L and the base material portion M The difference may be 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.1 or less, or 0.05 or more.

If θS is slightly less than the total reflection side angle, total reflection occurs on the peeled side surface S when the absolute value of θE is small, so that total reflection is easily noticeable. That is, in the case of FIG. 4a, total reflection can be seen when observing from the vicinity of the front. Similarly, at the total reflection visible side angle, total reflection is visible when the absolute value of θE is smaller than when it is large (close to 90 °). In the case of FIG. 4b, total reflection is visible only when θE is very close to arcsin (n _M sin θS). That is, the change when θS is below the total reflection side angle or the total reflection visible side angle appears clearly in an instant. Moreover, it is immediately visible because it occurs in the most frequent observation state, which is close to facing the surface F. Therefore, when this situation is not desirable, it can be said that whether or not the side surface S is below the total reflection side angle or below the total reflection visible side angle has great critical significance. Further, even if the refractive index of the filled portion L is slightly lower than the refractive index of the base material portion M in the filled portion L that has not been peeled off, total reflection occurs at least when viewed from the vicinity of the front surface. It has great critical significance.

Since the refractive index of inorganic pigments such as cadmium red, viridian, titanium dioxide, and ferric oxide is high, there is a wide range of choices for the color developing agent V that can be used, but the refractive index of blue / purple inorganic pigments and organic pigments is wide. Is generally low, so from the viewpoint of hiding power and the like, a color developer V having a relatively low refractive index is often suitable. On the other hand, if a transparent color is required, the colorant C having a low refractive index is more advantageous. The suitable filling material 40 differs depending on the use, processing method, desired color, decorative effect to be realized, etc. of the modeled object Z. After the base material portion M and the colorant C are determined according to each condition, the color developer V may be selected based on their refractive indexes and the like.

<< Second Embodiment >>
Conventionally, three-dimensional characters as described in, for example, Jitsuzensho No. 51-14805 are known. In this three-dimensional character, a surface plate 8 is bonded to a foam layer 9 made of foamable resin, and these are cut out in the shape of the character. As a result, it is possible to obtain three-dimensional characters such as those used for signboards, which have a thickness and different colors on the surface and the side surface. It is well known that this foam layer is a non-foamable transparent PMMA or the like, and the side surface is polished in a mirror shape to reflect light. However, in these three-dimensional characters, since a plurality of characters are independent, the builder needs to separately attach each character element to a predetermined position on a substrate such as a signboard, which requires complicated work. .. Further, since the surface plate 8 is exposed, it is liable to deteriorate in an outdoor environment. Further, rainwater or the like infiltrated the boundary portion between the surface plate 8 and the layer below it, so that the surface plate 8 was easily peeled off. Even with the paint on which the surface plate 8 was painted, fading and peeling were likely to occur as well.

On the other hand, among the inventions described in JP-A-2019-025860, the modeled object 3 in which characters and the like are formed by the groove G on the transparent resin plate and the like based on FIG. 3e of the drawings of the same publication has a plurality of characters and the like. Can be displayed on the board. Therefore, in the present invention, the problem that separate characters must be attached is solved. However, the publication does not disclose three-dimensional characters in which the surface portion S of the character portion has a color different from that of the base material portion M. Further, the publication discloses a groove portion G having no filling portion Fi as shown in FIG. 4a, and further describes in paragraph 0027 of the specification that a protective plate is adhered to the surface of the modeled object 3. ing. However, when the groove portion G does not have the filling portion Fi, if the opening side of the groove portion G is adhered by an adhesive or the like, the adhesive flows into the groove portion G, and the total reflection of the groove portion G having no filling portion is reflected. The effect is lost. Alternatively, air escapes from the groove G and air bubbles enter the adhesive portion, which deteriorates the quality. The gazette does not describe or suggest these issues. If a protective sheet with an adhesive is used, these problems do not occur, but it is insufficient for the purpose of protection due to deterioration and peeling of the protective sheet itself. When the protective plate is not adhered and is located on the front surface of the modeled object 3, an outer frame or the like for engaging them is required. Further, two reflective surfaces are interposed between the protective plate and the modeled object 3. Therefore, the total light transmittance of the whole is reduced by about 10%, the characters and the like appear dark, and unnecessary reflections increase, which is disadvantageous.

The subject of this embodiment is to solve the above problems. That is, the problem is a decorative body that can be used for three-dimensional characters, etc., is easy to attach to a wall surface, etc., and exhibits a high decorative effect, etc., and a decorative body manufacturing apparatus and a decorative body manufacturing process for manufacturing the decorative body. Is provided by. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the modeled object manufacturing apparatus 50 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is an example of a flowchart of a modeled object manufacturing method according to the second embodiment. Hereinafter, an example of the configuration and operation of the modeled object manufacturing apparatus 50 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. The modeled object manufacturing apparatus 50 includes, for example, a groove processing portion 11, an upper surface portion cutting portion 52, an upper surface portion joining portion 53, and a coating processing portion 14. The entire processed portion is referred to as a processed portion 55. The model manufacturing method according to the second embodiment includes, for example, a grooving step S11, an upper surface portion cutting step S52, an upper surface portion joining step S53, and a coating processing step S14.

The grooving portion 11 (S11) is basically the same as that in the first embodiment. The groove processing portion 11 may process the groove portion G on the material plate 20 based on the image 30. The cross-sectional shape of the groove G is not particularly limited and may be other than a wedge shape. The groove G may be filled with voids. In the first embodiment, the relationship between the direction of the groove G (bisection surface) and the direction of the front surface portion F or the back surface portion R is not limited. In the present embodiment, the groove portion G may or may not be perpendicular to the surface portion F. When considering the angle formed by the groove portion G and the surface portion F and the like in a plurality of cross sections of the modeled object Z parallel to the z direction, the plurality of cross sections are parallel to each other and the angle is constant on one side of the cross section. It may be. That is, the cross-sectional shape parallel to the z direction of the character or the like formed by the groove G may be a parallelogram. Further, the plurality of cross sections may pass through one straight line, and the angle may be constant on one side of the cross section. That is, the cross-sectional shape of the character or the like formed by the groove G parallel to the z direction may be an isosceles trapezoid or the like.

The upper surface portion cutting portion 52 cuts the upper surface portion material 22 into a shape similar to the groove portion G based on, for example, the image 30, and forms the upper surface portion U (S52). At that time, the upper surface portion cutting portion 52 may expand the outline of the characters or the like included in the image 30 to increase the width of each component such as the characters or the like. On the contrary, the grooving portion 11 may make the characters and the like of the image 30 thin and grooving. As shown in FIG. 7a, the upper surface portion U may have a shape that follows the shape of the groove portion G. This includes a case where the shape of the upper surface portion U approximates the overall outer shape of the plurality of groove portions G parallel to each other, and the upper surface portion U closes the openings of the plurality of groove portions G. The upper surface material 22 may be a marking film manufactured by Sakurai Co., Ltd., 3M Company, Toyochem Co., Ltd., Nakagawa Chemical Co., Ltd., Lintec Co., Ltd., etc., or a thicker resin plate, metal plate, metal leaf, paper, or the like. The color of the top surface material 22 is not limited. The upper surface portion cutting portion 52 may cut a film such as PVC with a cutting plotter or an NC router, or may cut a film such as an olefin with a laser processing machine. When cutting with a heat-processed laser such as a Co ₂ laser, the adhesive at the end may be altered by heat and the thickness of the cut surface of the film may increase, so a non-heat-processed laser is preferable.

The upper surface portion joining portion 53 joins the upper surface portion U according to the position of the groove portion G of the surface portion F of the grooved material 10 (S53). At this time, as shown in FIG. 7b, it is desirable that the upper surface portion U closes the opening P of the groove portion G. At this time, the upper surface portion U may have a joint portion J with the surface portion F extending from the shoulder portion of the outer side surface S of the character portion formed by the groove portion G to the outer peripheral portion. The joint width j of the joint portion J may be uniform in each portion. The joint width j is preferably a thickness t or more of the upper surface portion U, preferably 1/4 or more of the width w of the groove portion G, more preferably 1/2 times or more of the width w, further preferably w or more, and 2 to 2 .5 times or more is more preferable. The joint width j is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 mm or more, further preferably 0.5 mm or more, still more preferably 1 mm or more. The larger the joint width j, the more difficult it is for the joint portion J to peel off when there is no covering portion T, and the effect of protecting the groove portion G by the upper surface portion U is improved. However, the larger the joint width j, the larger the amount of protrusion of the upper surface portion U, and the effect of the three-dimensional characters is lost. The joint width j may be determined by balancing these two contradictory effects. Further, the ratio of the variation of the joining width j in each part of the modeled object Z to the average of the joining width j is preferably 1/2 or less, more preferably 1/3 or less, still more preferably 1/4 or less. If this variation is large, a hole will be formed in a portion where the joint width j is narrow. Moreover, the effect of three-dimensional characters is impaired. The upper surface portion joint portion 53 can be positioned precisely and efficiently by using a transfer sheet (application sheet) in combination with the upper surface portion U and further suppressing expansion and contraction during work by temperature control. In order to prevent water from accumulating in the groove G, it is better not to apply water to the upper surface portion U of the upper surface portion joint portion 53, and when water is applied, it is better to reduce the amount of water as much as possible. It should be noted that the joining includes not only the adhesive but also the sticking with an adhesive or the like, and if the upper surface portion U is fixed in contact with the bonding, the bonding is performed. When the marking film is attached only to the surface portion F of the groove portion G having no filling portion L as shown in FIG. 5, the side surface S is exposed to the outside air. Therefore, especially in outdoor applications, dust and the like easily enter the groove G and become dirty. Since the width of the tip portion of the wedge-shaped groove portion G obtained by laser processing or the like is narrow, it is difficult to remove this dirt by cleaning. On the other hand, if the upper surface portion U closes the opening P, this problem is solved. The angle formed by the widest surface of the upper surface portion U with the groove portion G (bisection surface) may vary. However, if the upper surface portion U is parallel to the groove portion G, the upper surface portion U does not close the opening P, so that the widest surface of the upper surface portion U does not have to be parallel to the groove portion G. Actually, the inside of the model Z looks refracted, so it does not look like FIG. 7a. FIG. 7a ignores the refraction phenomenon and shows the groove G inside the modeled object Z as a transmission diagram by a dotted line. Further, for convenience of explanation, the enlargement ratio is different in each part of FIG. 7b.

In the coating processing portion 14, another material plate 20 is adhered to the grooved material plate 20 with an adhesive A or the like to form a coating portion T (S14). The covering portion T may be a plate-like material having a constant thickness, in which case the widest surface of the upper surface portion U is parallel to the surface portion F (within a tolerance of the plate thickness of the covering portion T, etc.). The surface portion F side of the covering portion T may be, for example, convex, and the widest surface of the upper surface portion U may not be parallel to the surface portion F. The thicker the covering portion T, the better the protective performance. The covering portion T may not be provided for short-term use or indoor use. When the coating process is performed, the upper surface portion U closes the groove portion G, so that the adhesive A does not flow into the groove portion G. Therefore, since the groove G is not filled and is sealed as a void, the groove G reflects light and shines due to the action of the critical angle. Under the conditions described in paragraph 0031, this reflection effect is higher. In the groove portion G, only the surface portion of the side surface S may be colored while maintaining the void. As a result, unlike the first embodiment, the groove portion G totally reflects the colored light and shines. Including this case, the upper surface portion U may be colorless and transparent or have substantially the same color as the base material portion M or the like, and may only serve as a lid for the opening P. Further, when the upper surface portion U does not block the groove portion G, the air leaking from the groove portion G tends to remain as bubbles between the base material portion M and the coating portion T during the coating process. This embodiment has the effect of avoiding this trouble. When the modeled object Z has the covering portion T, the overhanging portion H of the upper surface portion U that overhangs outward from the opening portion P may be in close contact with the surface portion F only during the coating process. Therefore, the bonding force may be weaker and the bonding width j may be smaller than when the covering portion T is not provided. When there is no covering portion T, or when there is a covering portion T and the thickness thereof is uniform, the portion of the joint portion j on both sides of the groove portion G sandwiching the groove portion G in the upper surface portion U, which is farthest from the back surface portion R, respectively. The straight line connecting the above is parallel to the surface portion F. Further, if the outer portion of the upper surface portion U in the width direction of the corresponding groove portion G is outside the same position in the width direction with respect to the outermost portion of the groove portion G in the width direction in the opening portion P, It can be understood from FIG. 7b that the upper surface portion U can be said to block the groove portion G. Even if the end of the upper surface U and the end of the opening P are at the same position in the width direction, the opening P can be sealed depending on the joining method. When the modeled object Z does not have the covering portion T, the surface portion F is an exposed portion on the side of the upper surface portion U and is a portion other than the upper surface portion U.

At least a part of the outermost portion of the upper surface portion U on the surface parallel to the surface portion F may be inside the outermost portion of the surface portion F. In FIG. 7, ignoring the difference in height in the z direction, the contour of the upper surface portion U is included inside the region divided by the contour of the surface portion F. When the modeled object Z has the covering portion T, the covering portion T and the base material portion M are directly joined to each other on the outside of the upper surface portion U without sandwiching the upper surface portion U, and the joining strength is improved. Further, the groove portion G may have a closed region shape. That is, it may be a closed figure such as a circle / polygon or a more complicated figure in which the start point and the end point substantially match. Further, a plurality of closed areas may be combined as in the relationship between the portion of the upper surface portion U in the letter A in FIG. 7a and the portion of the upper surface portion U without the upper surface portion U (when the upper surface portion U is colorless and transparent, etc.). , The letter A in FIG. 7a may have no hole and may be the entire upper surface portion U, and the outer surface thereof may not necessarily follow the shape of the groove portion G. However, for example, the upper surface portion U may have a large area close to the entire surface portion F. For example, there is almost no portion where the surface portion S joins with the covering portion T, and the adhesion between them cannot be maintained. To prevent this, the joining width j should not be too large. That is, as shown by the letter A in FIG. 7a. The upper surface portion U may have a hole corresponding to the plurality of groove portions G as long as they are in an inclusion relationship and are in a composite closed area shape. As described above, the upper surface portion U has a shape corresponding to the shape of the groove portion G. The upper surface portion U may be in phase with the groove portion G. That is, the shapes of the upper surface portions U may be continuously deformable. The front surface portion S side and the back surface portion R side may be different surfaces. The two shapes that are in phase with each other have the same number of holes). Further, the groove portion G may have an open region shape in which the start point and the end point are separated from each other as shown in G0 of FIG. 7a. That is, the upper surface portion U does not have to sandwich the joint portion with the surface portion F only between the joint portions J on both sides and between them. The groove portion G may be interrupted to form an open region at a position where the upper surface portion U is continuous. The width w of the groove portion G is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.8 mm or less, and further preferably 0.5 mm or less. This is because the narrower the width w, the higher the sealing property. Further, especially when the modeled object Z has the covering portion T, as shown in FIG. 7b, the portion of the overhanging portion H that bridges the opening portion P tends to be dented in an arc shape due to pressurization or the like during the coating process. When the upper surface U surface is smooth and has a large amount of specular reflection components, unevenness is particularly conspicuous. Therefore, the smaller the dent, the higher the decorative effect. The depth dH of the recess of the overhanging portion H is preferably less than or equal to the thickness t of the upper surface portion U, preferably not more than 1/2 of the width w, more preferably 1/4 or less of the width w, and 1/8 or less of the width w. Is even more preferable.

Even when the groove portion G has the filling portion L as in the first embodiment, the upper portion of the filling portion L is often concave as shown in FIG. 3a due to shrinkage and surface tension of the filling material 21 during curing. The upper surface portion U also tends to be concave accordingly. When the filling processing portion 14 raises the filling material 21 high at the time of filling the groove portion G and polishes the surface portion F after curing, the groove portion G and the surface portion F become flush with each other as shown in FIGS. 3b and 4. However, this work is not preferable because not only is it time-consuming, but also scratches remain on the surface portion F, and the corners of the filling portion L and the opening P of the surface portion F are easily chipped during polishing. However, when the filling processing portion 14 wipes off the unnecessary portion of the filling material 21 without wiping it off, it is difficult to prevent the opening P side of the filling portion L from becoming concave. Therefore, also in this case, it is preferable that the width w is small because the depth of the recess can be suppressed to be small. If the opening P side of the filling portion L is concave and there is no overhanging portion H on the upper surface portion U or the overhanging portion H does not reach the adjacent side surface S, the groove portion even when viewed from the front by the observer. Since the color of G appears to protrude without being hidden by the upper surface portion U, the effect of three-dimensional characters is reduced. Further, in the latter case, if there is no covering portion T, the overhanging portion H is fluttering and unsightly, and it causes peeling. If there is a covering portion T, the overhanging portion H becomes the groove portion G due to pressurization in the coating process. It curves to the side and the flatness of the upper surface U is lost. Further, as in the case where there is no filling portion L, the air in the recess becomes air bubbles during the coating process. In either case, it is a loss to the effect of the present invention. On the other hand, if the opening P side of the filling portion L is concave and the upper surface portion U that closes the filling portion L is substantially flat, air remains in the gaps between them. This air acts as a cushion and absorbs the difference in expansion coefficient between the filling portion L and the base material portion M, so that the filling portion L is less likely to peel off. Therefore, joining the upper surface portion U to the side surfaces S on both sides of the groove portion G is also effective in the modeled object Z in which the groove portion G is filled with the filling portion L. The color of the upper surface portion U may be different from the color of the filling portion L, or may be substantially the same.

The upper surface portion U may straddle a plurality of surface portions F sandwiched between the groove portions G on both sides. Further, when the groove portion G has a tapered shape in which the opening P side is open, the side surfaces S of each portion of the three-dimensional characters may be substantially parallel to each other for a natural three-dimensional effect, and the taper angle should be small. .. On the other hand, if the taper angle is large, the three-dimensional effect is emphasized. The effect of the three-dimensional character is higher when the groove portion G has a closed region shape than when it has an open region shape. The groove processing portion 14 may be processed so that the image 30 is flipped horizontally so that the characters and the like become a normal image when viewed from the back surface portion R side. As a result, it is possible to obtain the effect that the upper surface portion U can be seen inside the characters and the like only when the observer looks at the modeled object Z from the front, and the upper surface portion U can hardly be seen from an angle. If the groove portion G has a filling portion L and its color is transparent, if a marking film or the like in the shape of a character or the like is joined to the corresponding positions on both sides of the front surface portion F and the back surface portion R, it will be in front of the groove portion G. You can see the color of the shape such as letters on both sides of the back. When observed only from the back surface portion R side, the covering portion T may have a low transmittance or a high haze. Similarly, when observing only from the front surface portion F side, a dark-colored and nearly opaque plate or the like may be attached / joined to the back surface portion R side. The upper surface portion U and the base material portion M are colorless and transparent, and an intermediate layer W in which they are colored may be sandwiched between them. The intermediate layer W may or may not have the overhanging portion H. If the groove portion G does not have the filling portion L, the inside of the closed region of the groove portion G looks like the color of the intermediate layer W from the back surface portion R side due to the total reflection of the side surface S, and the other portions appear transparent. Since the opening P is closed by the upper surface portion U, dirt does not enter the groove portion G. Alternatively, the covering portion T can be easily joined. A plurality of upper surface portions U may overlap with one groove portion G. That is, for example, the upper surface portion U1 that is in direct contact with the groove portion G may be colorless and transparent to close the groove portion G, and a colored upper surface portion U2 that is one size smaller than the upper surface portion U1 may be placed on the groove portion G. As a result, the shape of the colored upper surface portion U becomes free.

One aspect of the present invention is a decorative body having a front surface portion, a back surface portion, a groove portion, and an upper surface portion, the back surface portion facing the front surface portion, and the upper surface portion and the groove portion. Partially in contact with each other (including the case where the groove portion G has the filling portion L and the case where the groove portion G has an air layer or the like between the filling portion L and the upper surface portion U. Further, the upper surface portion and the groove portion are in between. (Including the case of sandwiching an adhesive or the like), the upper surface portion is on the side of the surface portion from the groove portion (that is, the upper surface portion U is in the z positive direction from the groove portion G), and the groove portion is the surface portion or the said It is not parallel to at least one of the back surface portions, the widest surface of the upper surface portion is not parallel to the groove portion, and the groove portion can be observed through at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion. The portion can be observed from at least one side of the front surface portion or the back surface portion, and on both side surfaces of the groove portion, the outermost portion of the upper surface portion in the width direction of the groove portion is the groove portion. It is a decorative body that is on the side of the surface portion and is outside the same position in the width direction with respect to the outermost portion in the width direction (see paragraphs 0041-0047, 0013-0017, 0026, etc.). ). At least a part of the outermost portion of the upper surface portion on the surface parallel to the surface portion may be inside the outermost portion of the surface portion, or the upper surface portion may have a shape that follows the shape of the groove portion. The color of the upper surface portion may be different from the color of at least one of the front surface portion and the back surface portion, and at least a part of the widest surface of the upper surface portion may be parallel to at least one of the front surface portion or the back surface portion. (Including the case where the upper surface portion U is a curved surface such as a concave shape. The difference from parallel is preferably 10 ° or less, more preferably 5 ° or less, still more preferably 2 ° or less). The distance in the width direction between the outer periphery of the upper surface portion and the outer periphery of the opening of the groove portion may be constant (the difference in the distance between the portions is preferably 1/5 or less, more preferably 1/10 or less of the distance). The groove portion may be a void, the groove portion may have a filling portion, the color of the groove portion may be different from the color of a portion other than the upper surface portion, and the upper surface portion is the surface portion. And the back surface portion may not be exposed, and at least one of the groove portion or the upper surface portion may display at least one of an image, a character, a logo, a figure, and a pattern. Another aspect of the present invention is to process a material (providing a grooved portion for forming the groove portion and an upper surface portion joining portion for joining the upper surface portion to the groove portion, thereby producing the decorative body). It is a decorative body manufacturing apparatus characterized by this. Another aspect of the present invention is to manufacture the decorative body by processing a material (including a groove processing step of forming the groove portion and an upper surface portion joining step of joining the upper surface portion to the groove portion). This is a method for manufacturing a decorative body, which is characterized in that (see paragraph 0040).

<< Third Embodiment >>
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2019-025860 describes a model 3 in paragraphs 0021 and 0041, etc., in which the tip portion of the groove portion G is uneven and the depth of the groove portion G is not constant. Such machining results are often associated with laser machining. In particular, since the laser output fluctuates greatly at the start and end points of the groove, such unevenness is often noticeable. Further, although Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-205860 is not described, if the groove portion has a complicated shape, large irregularities occur at the corner portion and the curved portion having a large curvature. Such irregularities, especially in three-dimensional characters, reduce the three-dimensional decorative effect, and therefore should be eliminated or suppressed. However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-205860 states in paragraph 0041 that "if there is unevenness in a part of the groove G, it looks even finer", and this is not an issue to be solved, but rather positive. It is recognized as a feature that exhibits a typical decorative effect. Therefore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-205860 does not describe a solution to this problem.

The subject of this embodiment is to solve the above problems. That is, the problem is to provide a decorative body in which the groove formed in the transparent base material portion appears to have a substantially constant depth, and a decorative body manufacturing apparatus and a decorative body manufacturing process for manufacturing the decorative body. The modeled object manufacturing apparatus according to the third embodiment may have the same configuration as the modeled object manufacturing apparatus 10 or 50 or a configuration in which they are combined, and some of them include the groove processing portion 11. You may have. The modeled object manufacturing method according to the third embodiment may have at least a part of the same steps as the flowchart of the modeled object manufacturing method according to the first or second embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the grooving portion 11 can acquire a plurality of material plates 20. One of the upper material plates 201 has transparency. Another lower layer material plate 202 may have lower transmittance than the upper layer material plate 201, may have lower total light transmittance, or may have more haze. The lower layer material plate 202 may be, for example, a PMMA plate having a color such as white, half milk, frost, lame, opaque or transparent black, blue, or green. The lower layer material plate 202 may be made of the same, same type, or similar material as the upper layer material plate 201, but may be a different material such as a metal plate, because of the ease of joining with the upper layer material plate 201.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the length direction of the groove portion G. The groove processing portion 11 may form the groove portion G by the laser processing portion 111 as shown in FIG. 8a after joining the upper layer material plate 201 and the lower layer material plate 202 by adhesion, thermocompression bonding, or the like (S10). The upper material plate 201 and the lower material plate 202 may be joined by the manufacturer. The laser processing unit 111 may make the average depth dG of each portion of the groove portion G larger than the thickness of the upper layer material plate 201. Alternatively, the laser processing unit 111 may make the minimum depth of the groove portion G equal to the thickness of the upper material plate 201. In the present embodiment, the filling processing unit 13 may or may not perform the filling processing.

The modeled product Z after production includes a plurality of layers having different permeability from each other (including a case where the plurality of layers are two layers and the permeability of the two layers is different from each other). As shown in FIG. 8b, the uneven portion at the tip of the groove portion G is hidden because it falls within the range of the base material lower layer M2 having low permeability in the base material portion M. The observer can see only the portion of the groove G that penetrates the highly transparent base material upper layer M1 and has a uniform depth. A part of the uneven portion of the groove portion G may appear on the base material upper layer M1, but the smaller the ratio, the better. The ratio of the length of the portion where the unevenness is visible on the base material upper layer M1 in the total length of the groove portion G is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, still more preferably 5% or less. Further, the ratio of the depth of the groove portion G in the base material upper layer M1 where the unevenness is visible is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, still more preferably 10% or less. In both cases, the lower limit is 0%. Further, when the unevenness of the groove portion G is small and the groove portion G appears to have generally the same depth, the application of the present embodiment is not so necessary. The height of the unevenness in the depth direction of the groove G (or the height of the portion of the unevenness in the lower layer M2 of the base material) is 1 mm or more, 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, or the width w or more, twice or more of w, 5 This embodiment is particularly required when the depth is 1/10 or more, 1/8 or more, or 1/6 or more of the depth dG. The upper limit is the depth dG or 1/2 thereof.

If the groove portion G penetrates the back surface portion R, water may enter through the hole outdoors and cause damage, so it is better not to penetrate the groove portion G. However, if the through hole is as small as φ0.5 mm or less, 0.3 mm or less, or 0.1 mm or less, the amount of water ingress is small, and it is within the permissible range. Further, in such a narrow portion of the groove portion G, the filling material 21 may not reach the tip of the deep portion like a protrusion during the filling process. Since the tip of the protruding portion leaves air, it reflects light completely and stands out. Therefore, it is convenient that the deeper the protruding portion of φ is hidden by the lower layer M2 of the base material. The grooving portion 11 may have a protruding portion penetrated to the back surface portion R as shown in a part of FIG. 8b in order to avoid residual air during filling. After filling by the filling processing portion 13, the coating processing portion 14 may seal the through hole opened in the lower layer material plate 202 by joining another material plate 20 to the back surface portion R side or the like. On the other hand, when the modeled object Z is directly joined to the wall or the like, there is no problem such as water ingress if the adhesive closes the through hole. Not only that, the adhesive force is improved by the anchoring effect of the adhesive that has penetrated into the through hole, so that the through hole may be provided.

One aspect of the present invention is a decorative body having a plurality of layers and grooves, the plurality of layers including a layer having transparency and a layer having a lower permeability than the layer having the transparency. The permeable layer has the groove, at least a part of the groove is continuous with the low permeable layer, and at least a part of the groove continuous with the low permeable layer is the permeable. It is a decorative body characterized by having irregularities in the depth direction in a layer having a low property. The difference in the depth of at least a part of the unevenness in the groove having the unevenness in the depth direction does not have to be visible from the side of the transparent layer, and even if the depth of at least a part of the groove is 1 mm or more. Often, the decorative body may display at least one of an image, characters, a logo, a figure, and a pattern. Another aspect of the present invention is a decorative body manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the decorative body. Yet another aspect of the present invention is a decorative body manufacturing method for manufacturing the decorative body.
<< Fourth Embodiment >>

Patent Document 1 describes an invention in step 0055 and the like that the groove G appears to be colored by the color of the illumination light, or the color of the groove G changes due to a change in the color of the light. However, the light had to be colored for this effect. Therefore, the model 3 installed outdoors could not exert this effect in natural light. Further, in order for the large area portion of the modeled object 3 to exhibit this effect, the entire surface of the portion must have the groove portion G, which requires a high processing cost. Furthermore, in the case of Co ₂ laser machining, etc., the groove width cannot be narrowed, so there is a limit to the miniaturization of the pitch of the perforated groove G, and it is impossible to reproduce a fine pattern with the small-sized model 3. There was a problem. Unlike the invention described in Patent Document 1, the present embodiment has an object of providing a modeled object or the like which does not depend on the color of a light source and whose color changes with light even under natural light or the like.

As shown in FIG. 9, if the groove portion G sandwiches the color band portion K made of a colored transparent film and the color band portion K is not joined to the side surfaces S on both sides, light from the side of the modeled object Z or the like is emitted. It has the effect of transmitting the side surfaces S and the color band portion K on both sides and projecting the shadow of the color of the color band portion K on the opposite side in the incident direction. On the other hand, if the side angle θS of the groove G is sufficiently small within the above range, the color of the color band K cannot be seen due to the action of the critical angle as long as the observer looks at the groove G through the front surface F or the back surface R. .. That is, the color of the color band portion K cannot be seen directly, and can be observed only as a shadow on which transmitted light is projected. However, the color of the color band portion K is visible through the side surface S on the side surface portion of the modeled object Z, which surprises the observer. If the color band portion K is joined only to the side surface S on one side, the color band portion K can be seen only through the side surface S on the joined side from the surface portion F. The color band portion K may have a pattern due to color or unevenness. The color intensity changes in each part of the modeled object according to the depth of the color band part K. The modeled object Z is manufactured by, for example, the modeled object manufacturing apparatus 10. At that time, the grooving portion 11 may groove the material, the filling material mixing portion 12 may acquire the color band portion K, and the filling processing portion 13 may insert the color band portion K into the groove portion G. After that, the coating processing portion 14 may join the coating portion T. As a result, the color band portion K is not exposed to the outside and does not fall off from the groove portion G. Further, the end portion of the color band portion K may be directly visible through the covering portion T or the bottom surface portion B in contact with the opening portion P. However, even in the opening P or the bottom surface portion B, if the color band portion K is not joined to the base material portion M or the covering portion T, when the line-of-sight angle is large, the end portion of the color band portion K is affected by the action of the critical angle. I can't see. That is, the entire or part of the groove portion G may have a gap between the groove portion G and the color band portion K. It should be noted that the fact that the groove portion G has a gap between the groove portion G and the color band portion K means that the two are not in close contact with each other, there is a thin air layer between the two, or the two are joined even if they are in contact with each other. However, as a result, it refers to a state in which the critical angle at the interface between the two is equivalent to the critical angle with air. The dotted line in FIG. 9 is the same as in FIG. 7.

When the model Z has the base material lower layer M2, the shadow of the light of the color band portion K is projected on the base material lower layer M2, so that it looks clearer. The color of the lower layer M2 of the base material is white or a bright color close to it, and the total light transmittance is 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, 5% or more, 8% or more, 10% or more, and spectral transmission in the visible light region. The rate is 20% or less and 10% or less in the entire area, the difference in spectral transmittance within the visible light region is 20% or less and 10% or less, the haze is 90% or more and 95% or more and 99% or more, and the brightness in the Mansell color system. Is v5 or more, v6 or more, v7 or more, v8 or more, saturation is c4 or less, c3 or less, c2 or less (measured by a spectrocolor difference meter, color brightness meter, etc., the value that fluctuates depending on the thickness is converted to 2 mm thickness), It is especially effective in at least one of the cases. If the joint portion between the base material upper layer M1 and the base material lower layer M2 does not continuously change so as to melt with each other but is close to a state of being discontinuously switched, the transmitted light is clearly reflected at the interface. For that purpose, the thickness of the base material upper layer M1, the base material lower layer M2, and in some cases, the portion where the color of the adhesive A changes is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or less, and further preferably 0.2 mm or less. It is more preferably 0.1 mm or less, and it may be any of 1/5 or less, 1/10 or less, 1/20 or less, and 1/40 or less of dG. Further, if the joint portion is smooth, the reflection of transmitted light is not disturbed, so that the unevenness may be any one of 1 mm or less, 0.5 mm or less, 0.2 mm or less, and 0.1 mm or less. On the contrary, if the unevenness is 0.2 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, 1 mm or more, or if the base material upper layer M1 and the base material lower layer M2 are continuous, a matiere peculiar to the reflection of transmitted light is generated.

Since the higher the flexibility of the color band portion K, the easier it is to insert the color band portion K into the groove portion G, the flexural modulus of the color band portion K may be 700 MPa or less. If the thickness of the color band K is 100 μm or less, 70 μm or less, 50 μm or less, 30 μm or less, or 1/4 or less of w, 1/5 or less, 1/8 or less, 1/10 or less, 1/20 or less. , The color band portion K reaches near the tip of the wedge-shaped groove portion. To prevent adhesion, the melting point of the color band K is preferably 80 ° C. or higher, 100 ° C. or higher, and 150 ° C. or higher. In addition to the film, the color band portion K may be made of a material having the above-mentioned action or a similar action, such as bead-shaped particles, filaments, dichroic mirror fragments, interference film, and polarizing film. When the saturation of the color band portion K is c4 or more, c6 or more, or c8 or more in the Munsell color system, vivid transmitted light can be obtained. The colors of the color band portions K of each portion of the groove portion G may be different from each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, if the color band portion K1 of the groove portion G1 on the x-negative direction side of the rhombus is red and the color band portion K2 of the groove portion G2 on the x-positive direction side is blue, light is emitted from the x-negative direction side. The interface between the base material upper layer M1 and the base material lower layer M2 in the rhombus looks red when hit, and the rhombus looks blue when light hits from the x positive direction side. When this model Z is installed outdoors in the northern hemisphere facing south, it looks blue in the morning and red in the evening due to the direction of sunlight. The groove portion G1 reaches the back surface portion R side of the base material upper layer M1, but in this case, the light from the x positive direction side stops at the groove portion G1 and does not reach the x negative direction. Therefore, only the inside of the rhombus appears to be dyed red. Grooves G1 and G2 basically look like sunlight or black. A motion sensor and a light source may be combined with the model Z and installed on the gate pillar to emit light or change color when a person passes by. The illumination may be emitted only at night by the illuminance sensor.

One aspect of the present invention is a decorative body having a groove and at least a part of the portion other than the groove having a transparency, and the groove has a color different from that of the portion other than the groove having the transparency. The decorative body includes a color band portion, and at least a part of the groove portion has a gap between the color band portion and the groove portion. The side surface of the groove portion may have a gap between it and at least a part of the color band portion. The absolute value of θS on the side surface may be less than or equal to the maximum total reflection side surface angle. The transparency of a part of the decorative body other than the groove portion is lower than the transparency of the portion having the transparency, and the portion having the low transparency and the portion having the transparency are in contact with each other, and the transmission is performed. The interface between the low property portion and the transparent portion does not have to be parallel to the groove portion. The color band portion may have optical transparency, and the color band portion may not be exposed to the outside. The thickness of the color band portion in the width direction of the groove portion may be at least one of 100 μm or less or 1/4 or less of the width of the groove portion. The decorative body may display at least one of an image, characters, a logo, a figure, and a pattern. The decorative body has an unprecedented decorative effect in which the region surrounded by the groove G appears to be colored by natural light, and the groove G itself shines in the color of natural light. Further, the colored light reaches the portion where the groove portion G is not formed with only one groove portion G. Since the present invention can display characters and the like as contours, it is possible to display finer characters and the like than in the case of using a plurality of parallel grooves. Another aspect of the present invention is a decorative body lighting facility, which comprises the above-mentioned decorative body and a lighting device that irradiates the decorative body with light. The luminaire may operate according to predetermined conditions. Another aspect of the present invention is a decorative body manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method for manufacturing the above-mentioned decorative body or the like, including a grooved portion or the like for processing the material.
<< Fourth Embodiment >>

The groove processing portion 11 may process another groove portion G4 in the vicinity of the groove portion G3, and the filling processing portion 13 may fill only the groove portion G3 with the colored transparent filling material 21. The groove G3 and the groove G4 may be parallel to each other. The groove portion G3 and the groove portion G4 are both closed regions and are similar to each other, and the groove portion G3 may be on the outside. In this case, since the groove portion G4 does not have the filling portion L, the light is totally reflected, and the light is transmitted through the filling portion L of the groove portion G3 to become light of that color. As a result, it is possible to realize the groove portion G which exhibits the effect of reflected light which is difficult to obtain in the groove portion G having the filling portion L and has high light resistance. When the groove portion G has an upper surface portion U having low transparency, light is transmitted through the groove portion G3, then reflected by the groove portion G4, and then transmitted through the groove portion G3 again, so that the color should be lighter. Further, the closer the groove portions G3 and G4 are, the better. The ratio of the interval to the depth dG is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 1/2 or less, further preferably 1/3 or less, still more preferably 1/4 or less and 1/8 or less. Further, the color of the base material portion M may be different on both sides of the groove portion G. For example, in the grooving part, the colorless and transparent material plate is punched, the blue transparent material plate is cut in the same shape, and the hole part of the colorless and transparent material plate is inside the blue transparent material plate. The parts may be combined. The grooving portion can adjust their contours in consideration of the cutting margin at the time of processing, and can combine them in just proportion. In bonding at least one of the front surface portion S side and the back surface portion R side, the coating processed portion may combine the third embodiment. In the model Z due to this, the color of the base material portion M changes across the groove portion G, and if the inside of the groove portion G is a gap, the side surface S totally reflects the light from the front surface portion S side or the back surface portion R side. To do.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above scope. For those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various changes or improvements to each of the above embodiments. It is clear from the description of the claims that such modified or modified forms may also be included in the technical scope of the present invention. In addition, the embodiments are common to each other in many respects, including matters not specified. Each embodiment may be implemented in combination.

The modeled object Z provided by the present invention includes, for example, various signs such as signboards, store signs, company name display boards, nameplates, information boards, advertisement display boards, displays for stores, and building structures / automobiles such as windows, walls, and objects. It is useful for decorating vehicles such as trains, aircraft, ships, and home appliances such as personal digital assistants and computers.

10.50 Modeled product manufacturing equipment, 11 Grooving part, 111 Laser processing part, 12 Filling material mixing part, 13 Filling processing part, 14 Coating processing part, 20 Material plate, 201 Upper layer material plate, 202 Lower layer material plate, 21 Filling Material, 22 Top surface material, 30 Image, 52 Top surface cut part, 53 Top surface joint, B Bottom, C Colorant, D Dispersant, E Viewpoint / observer, F Surface, G groove, K color band Part, L filling part, M base material part, M1 base material upper layer, M2 base material lower layer, R back surface part, S side surface, T coating part, U upper surface part, V color developing agent Z modeled object

Claims (2)

With the base material
A decorative body having a groove formed in the base material portion.
At least a part of the base material has a total light transmittance of 70% or more.
The groove portion has a color band portion having a color different from that of the base material portion having a total light transmittance of 70% or more.
The have a gap between at least part of the colored strip portion of the groove,
The absolute value of the angle between the side surface of the groove and the perpendicular or normal to the surface of the ornament is arcsin (1 / n) ° or less (n is sodium D of the base material having a total light transmittance of 70% or more). Refractive index of the line)
A decorative body characterized by that. The absolute value of the angle formed by the side surface of the groove with the perpendicular or normal to the surface of the decoration is 90-2 arcsin (1 / n) ° or less.
The decorative body according to claim 1.

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