JP6748379B2 - 被覆切削工具 - Google Patents
被覆切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6748379B2 JP6748379B2 JP2018090738A JP2018090738A JP6748379B2 JP 6748379 B2 JP6748379 B2 JP 6748379B2 JP 2018090738 A JP2018090738 A JP 2018090738A JP 2018090738 A JP2018090738 A JP 2018090738A JP 6748379 B2 JP6748379 B2 JP 6748379B2
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- kam
- cemented carbide
- coated cutting
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- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
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Description
また、特許文献1の被覆工具では、基体表面から5μmまでの深さの領域の炭化タングステン(WC)のKAM平均値しか考慮されていない。このため、基材の表面側と表面から離れた側とにおいて、炭化タングステン(WC)のKAM値(以下、単に「KAM値」とも記す。)の絶対値の差が大きいと考えられる。これは、化学蒸着法で被覆層を形成していることから推定される。
[1]
超硬合金と、該超硬合金の表面上に形成された被覆層とを備える被覆切削工具であって、
前記被覆層の平均厚さが、5.0μm以上30.0μm以下であり、
前記超硬合金において、前記超硬合金の前記表面から前記被覆層とは反対側に向かって20.0μmまでの領域を表面領域とし、前記表面領域の前記被覆層とは反対側の領域を内部領域としたとき、前記表面領域におけるKAM値の平均値と前記内部領域におけるKAM値の平均値とが、下記式(1)で表される条件を満たす、被覆切削工具。
0.00°≦|KAMs−KAMi|≦0.10°・・・(1)
(式(1)中、KAMsは、前記表面領域におけるKAM値の平均値を表し、KAMiは、前記内部領域におけるKAM値の平均値を表す。)
[2]
前記KAMsは、0.35°以上0.55°以下である、[1]に記載の被覆切削工具。
[3]
前記KAMiは、0.35°以上0.55°以下である、[1]又は[2]に記載の被覆切削工具。
[4]
前記超硬合金は、結合相を5.0質量%以上12.0質量%以下含む、[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[5]
前記超硬合金は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr及びMoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素と、C、N、O及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素とから構成される化合物の1種以上を含む化合物相を含み、
前記化合物相を3.0質量%以上6.0質量%以下含む、[1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
[6]
前記被覆層が、前記超硬合金側から順に、下部層と、該下部層の表面上に形成された上部層とを含み、
前記下部層が、1.5μm以上15.0μm以下の平均厚さを有し、
前記下部層が、Tiの炭化物層、Tiの窒化物層、Tiの炭窒化物層、Tiの炭酸化物層及びTiの炭窒酸化物層からなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上の層からなるTi化合物層であり、
前記上部層が、1.5μm以上15.0μm以下の平均厚さを有し、
前記上部層が、α型酸化アルミニウムからなるα型酸化アルミニウム層である、[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の被覆切削工具。
0.00°≦|KAMs−KAMi|≦0.10°・・・(1)
(式(1)中、KAMsは、表面領域におけるKAM値の平均値を表し、KAMiは、内部領域におけるKAM値の平均値を表す。)
図1は、本実施形態の被覆切削工具の一例を示す模式断面図である。被覆切削工具6は、基材1(超硬合金)と、その基材1の表面上に形成された被覆層5とを備え、更に基材1は表面領域1a、内部領域1bからなる。また、被覆層5は、基材1の表面上に形成された下部層2と、下部層2の基材1とは反対側の表面上に形成された上部層3と、上部層3の下部層2とは反対側の表面上に形成された最表面の層4とを備える。
本実施形態の被覆切削工具は、基材である超硬合金において、表面領域のKAM値の平均値と内部領域のKAM値の平均値との差の絶対値が、0.10°以下であると、被覆切削工具の破壊の起点となる箇所が減少し、切削加工における負荷が分散されやすいため、耐欠損性に優れる。
本実施形態の被覆切削工具は、基材である超硬合金と、該超硬合金の表面上に形成された被覆層とを備える。被覆切削工具の種類として、具体的には、フライス加工用若しくは旋削加工用刃先交換型切削インサート、ドリル及びエンドミルを挙げることができる。
0.00°≦|KAMs−KAMi|≦0.10°・・・(1)
(式(1)中、KAMsは、表面領域におけるKAM値の平均値を表し、KAMiは、内部領域におけるKAM値の平均値を表す。)
本実施形態の被覆切削工具は、超硬合金において、表面領域のKAM値の平均値と内部領域のKAM値の平均値との差の絶対値が、0.10°以下であると、切削加工における負荷が分散されやすいため耐欠損性に優れる。
上記の作用効果をより有効かつ確実に奏する観点から、超硬合金において、表面領域のKAM値の平均値と内部領域のKAM値の平均値との差の絶対値は、0.08°以下であることが好ましく、0.06°以下であることがより好ましく、0.04°以下であることが更に好ましい。超硬合金において、表面領域のKAM値の平均値と内部領域のKAM値の平均値との差の絶対値がこのような範囲内であると、切削加工における負荷が更に分散されやすいため耐欠損性に一層優れる。
本実施形態の被覆切削工具に用いる被覆層は、その平均厚さが、5.0μm以上30.0μm以下である。被覆層の平均厚さが5.0μm以上であると、耐摩耗性が向上し、30.0μm以下であると、被覆層の基材との密着性及び耐欠損性が高まる。同様の観点から、被覆層の平均厚さは、7.0μm以上29.0μm以下であると好ましく、8.0μm以上18.0μm以下であるとより好ましく、10.0μm以上18.0μm以下であると更に好ましい。
本実施形態の被覆切削工具に用いる被覆層は、超硬合金側から順に、下部層と、該下部層の表面上に形成された上部層とを含むことが好ましい。
下部層は、Tiの炭化物層(以下、単に「TiC層」とも表記する。)、Tiの窒化物層(以下、単に「TiN層」とも表記する。)、Tiの炭窒化物層(以下、単に「TiCN層」とも表記する。)、Tiの炭酸化物層(以下、単に「TiCO層」とも表記する。)及びTiの炭窒酸化物層(以下、単に「TiCNO層」とも表記する。)からなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上の層からなるTi化合物層であることが好ましい。被覆層がこのような下部層を備えると、基材と被覆層との間の密着性が一層向上するので好ましい。下部層は、1層で構成されていてもよく、複層(例えば、2層又は3層)で構成されてもよいが、複層で構成されていることが好ましく、2層又は3層で構成されていることがより好ましく、3層で構成されていることが更に好ましい。また、下部層は、上記の各種の層のうち、同じ種類の層を単層でのみ有していてもよく、複層で有していてもよい。下部層は、耐チッピング性及び耐欠損性がより一層向上する観点から、TiN層、TiCN層及びTiCNO層からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の層を含むことが好ましい。同様の観点から、下部層は、最も基材に近い層(最下層)としてTiN層又はTiC層を有し、最も上部層に近い層としてTiCNO層又はTiCO層を有し、それらの層の間にTiCN層を有することがなおも更に好ましく、最も基材に近い層(最下層)としてTiN層を有し、最も上部層に近い層としてTiCNO層を有し、それらの層の間にTiCN層を有することが特に好ましい。
上部層は、α型酸化アルミニウムからなるα型酸化アルミニウム層(以下、単に「α−Al2O3層」とも表記する。)であることが好ましい。被覆層がこのような上部層を備えると、被覆層及び被覆切削工具の耐摩耗性が高くなる。上部層は、1層で構成されていてもよく、複層(例えば、製造工程の異なる2層又は3層)で構成されてもよい。
基材:P15相当の超硬合金(発明品1〜15、比較品1〜7)
被削材:SCM415の2本の溝入り丸棒、
切削速度:150m/min、
送り:0.25mm/rev、
切り込み:1.0mm、
クーラント:使用、
評価項目:試料が欠損、または最大逃げ面摩耗幅が0.3mmに至ったときを工具寿命とし、工具寿命までの加工時間を測定した。また、加工時間が5分における損傷状態を確認した。
基材:P25相当の超硬合金(発明品16、17、比較品8、9)
被削材:SCM415の2本の溝入り丸棒、
切削速度:150m/min、
送り:0.30mm/rev、
切り込み:2.0mm、
クーラント:使用、
評価項目:試料が欠損、または最大逃げ面摩耗幅が0.3mmに至ったときを工具寿命とし、工具寿命までの加工時間を測定した。また、加工時間が5分における損傷状態を確認した。
Claims (6)
- 超硬合金と、該超硬合金の表面上に形成された被覆層とを備える被覆切削工具であって、
前記被覆層の平均厚さが、5.0μm以上30.0μm以下であり、
前記超硬合金において、前記超硬合金の前記表面から前記被覆層とは反対側に向かって20.0μmまでの領域を表面領域とし、前記表面領域の前記被覆層とは反対側の領域を内部領域としたとき、前記表面領域における炭化タングステンのKAM値の平均値と前記内部領域における炭化タングステンのKAM値の平均値とが、下記式(1)で表される条件を満たす、被覆切削工具。
0.00°≦|KAMs−KAMi|≦0.10°・・・(1)
(式(1)中、KAMsは、前記表面領域における炭化タングステンのKAM値の平均値を表し、KAMiは、前記内部領域における炭化タングステンのKAM値の平均値を表す。) - 前記KAMsは、0.35°以上0.55°以下である、請求項1に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記KAMiは、0.35°以上0.55°以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記超硬合金は、結合相を5.0質量%以上12.0質量%以下含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。
- 前記超硬合金は、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr及びMoからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素と、C、N、O及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素とから構成される化合物の1種以上を含む化合物相を含み、
前記化合物相を3.0質量%以上6.0質量%以下含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。 - 前記被覆層が、前記超硬合金側から順に、下部層と、該下部層の表面上に形成された上部層とを含み、
前記下部層が、1.5μm以上15.0μm以下の平均厚さを有し、
前記下部層が、Tiの炭化物層、Tiの窒化物層、Tiの炭窒化物層、Tiの炭酸化物層及びTiの炭窒酸化物層からなる群より選ばれる1種又は2種以上の層からなるTi化合物層であり、
前記上部層が、1.5μm以上15.0μm以下の平均厚さを有し、
前記上部層が、α型酸化アルミニウムからなるα型酸化アルミニウム層である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の被覆切削工具。
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