JP6744150B2 - Microwave tube, and microwave tube collector - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a microwave tube and a collector for the microwave tube.

A microwave tube is composed of an electron gun section, a high frequency circuit section, and a collector. The electron gun section generates an electron beam. The high frequency circuit unit amplifies the microwave by interacting with the electron beam. Further, the collector captures the electron beam that has contributed to the amplification of microwaves in the high frequency circuit section.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a general internal insulation type collector 900. In FIG. 9, the electron beam enters from the right side of the collector.

In the collector 900, a cylindrical insulating ceramic (ceramic) 902 is fixed inside a cylindrical vacuum envelope 901 made of oxygen-free copper or the like. A cylindrical copper pipe 903 is fixed to the inside of the insulating ceramic 902, and the inside of the copper pipe 903 has a cylindrical outer shape made of oxygen-free copper or the like for capturing an electron beam. 904 are arranged.

Further, the collector 900 has a role of returning the electron beam captured by the collector electrode 904 to heat and letting it escape to the outside. Therefore, the contact portion between the collector electrode 904 and the copper pipe 903, the contact portion between the copper pipe 903 and the insulating ceramic 902, and the contact portion between the insulating ceramic 902 and the vacuum envelope 901 are joined by brazing.

Here, the coefficient of thermal expansion of oxygen-free copper is 19.6 × 10-6/K, and that of insulating ceramics is 8 × 10-6/K. The insulating ceramic may not be able to withstand the stress during expansion. As a result, the insulating ceramic is cracked, the withstand voltage of the collector electrode and the vacuum envelope is lowered, and a problem occurs that the microwave tube does not operate and reliability is lowered.

In addition, the insulating ceramic may be cracked not only when the microwave tube is operating, but also when the microwave tube is manufactured. That is, the collector electrode may expand due to the heat generated when the collector electrode is brazed during manufacturing, and the insulating ceramic may be cracked.

In Patent Document 1, in order to improve such a problem, there is a configuration in which a corrugated metal thin plate having a corrugated shape is arranged along the circumference of the cylinder between the insulating ceramic and the collector electrode. Has been presented.

JP-A-8-306320

However, in the configuration of the collector shown in Patent Document 1, since the corrugated metal thin plate is arranged between the insulating ceramic and the collector electrode, the outer shape of the collector electrode is larger than that of the inner diameter of the insulating ceramic. The outer shape becomes smaller by the difference in height.

That is, if the collector is designed with the configuration of Patent Document 1 using the collector electrode having the same outer shape as that shown in FIG. 9, the entire outer shape of the collector is increased by the height difference of the waves of the corrugated metal thin plate. There was a problem.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact and reliable microwave tube collector.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the collector of the microwave tube of the present invention comprises a high frequency circuit section for performing high frequency amplification by interaction between an electron gun section for emitting an electron beam and the electron beam, and a collector for capturing the electron beam. The collector used in the microwave tube comprises a vacuum envelope formed of a cylindrical conductive material, a cylindrical insulating ceramic inscribed in the vacuum envelope, and a cylindrical inscribed in the insulating ceramic. The conductive pipe is welded to the conductive pipe at a welded portion whose outer shape is substantially cylindrical and is smaller than half of the outer periphery of the substantially cylindrical member, and the outer periphery other than the welded portion is the above when the microwave tube is not operating. A conductive collector electrode is provided, which does not come into contact with a conductive pipe, and at least a part of the outer periphery other than the welded portion is in contact with the conductive pipe when the microwave tube is in operation.

In order to achieve the above object, the microwave tube of the present invention is a microwave tube including a high frequency circuit section for performing high frequency amplification by an interaction between an electron gun section for emitting an electron beam and the electron beam, and a collector for capturing the electron beam. The wave tube includes a vacuum envelope formed of a cylindrical conductive material, a cylindrical insulating ceramic inscribed in the vacuum envelope, a cylindrical conductive pipe inscribed in the insulating ceramic, and an outer shape. Is a substantially circular cylinder and is welded to the conductive pipe at a welded portion in a range smaller than half of the outer periphery of the substantially circular cylinder, and the outer periphery other than the welded portion is in contact with the conductive pipe when the microwave tube is not operating. First, the microwave tube is provided with a collector having a conductive collector electrode in which at least a part of the outer periphery other than the welded portion is in contact with the conductive pipe when the microwave tube operates.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a compact and highly reliable microwave tube and a collector for the microwave tube.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of related technology. It is a figure which shows the structural example of 4th Embodiment.

[First Embodiment]
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
[Description of configuration]
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the first embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the collector 100. In the upper diagram of FIG. 1, the electron beam enters from the right side of the collector 100.

In the collector 100, a cylindrical insulating ceramic 102 is fixed inside a cylindrical vacuum envelope 101 made of oxygen-free copper or the like. Inside the insulating ceramic 102, a cylindrical copper pipe 103 made of oxygen-free copper or the like is fixed. Inside the copper pipe 103, a collector electrode 110 made of oxygen-free copper or the like for capturing an electron beam and having a substantially cylindrical outer shape is arranged.

The outer shape of the collector electrode 110 is a cylindrical shape.

Referring to the A-A' cross section of FIG. 1, the collector electrode 104 and the copper pipe 103 are brazed with a brazing portion 111, which is painted black in the figure. Within the outer circumference of the collector electrode, the range of the brazing portion 111 is such that the central angle with respect to the axis of the collector electrode 104 is about 90 degrees. This central angle need not be 90 degrees and may be less than 180 degrees. However, if the central angle of the brazing part 111 is 90 degrees or less, a problem in strength may occur, so that the central angle is usually brazing in the range of 90 to 180 degrees.

The outer periphery of the collector electrode 104 that faces the brazing portion 111 (hereinafter referred to as the brazing facing portion) is the copper pipe 103 when the microwave tube is not operating and the temperature of the collector electrode 104 is room temperature. Do not touch. Then, when the microwave tube operates and the temperature of the collector electrode 104 becomes high and expands, the brazing facing portion is designed to be in contact with the inner circumference of the copper pipe 103.

Further, the contact portion between the copper pipe 103 and the insulating ceramic 102 and the contact portion between the insulating ceramic 102 and the vacuum envelope 101 are joined by brazing.
[Description of operation]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

During operation of the microwave tube, the electron beam collides with the collector electrode 104 to generate heat in the collector electrode 104. Since the collector electrode 104 and the like of this embodiment are brazed to the outer copper pipe 103 by the brazing portion 111, the heat generated in the collector electrode 104 is conducted from the brazing portion 111 to the copper pipe 103.

Further, the brazing facing portion is not in contact with the copper pipe 103 when the microwave tube is not operating. However, when the microwave tube operates and the collector electrode 104 expands due to the heat during operation, the brazing facing portion and the inner circumference of the copper pipe 103 come into contact with each other. Then, the heat of the collector electrode 104 is conducted to the copper pipe 103 not only from the brazing portion 111 but also from the brazing facing portion.

The collector electrode 104 is not designed so as to generate a large stress on the copper pipe 103 and the insulating ceramic 102 due to thermal expansion of the collector electrode 104 during normal operation of the microwave tube. That is, the design is such that the brazing facing portion of the collector electrode 104 contacts the inner circumference of the copper pipe 103 even if the collector electrode 104 thermally expands during normal operation. By doing so, during normal operation of the microwave tube, the stress applied to the insulating ceramic 102 via the copper pipe 103 is appropriately suppressed, and the durability of the insulating ceramic 102 is maintained.

As described above, since the collector 100 of the microwave tube of the present embodiment avoids the damage of the insulating ceramic 102 by suppressing the excessive thermal expansion of the collector electrode 110 and the like, the microwave of the related art shown in FIG. More reliable than wave tube collectors.

Further, since the collector 100 of the present embodiment does not use the corrugated metal thin plate as shown in Patent Document 1, even if the collector of Patent Document 1 and the internal space have the same shape, high reliability is achieved with a small outer shape. It is feasible.

As described above, the microwave tube collector 100 of the present embodiment realizes a compact and highly reliable microwave tube collector.
[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
[Description of configuration]
FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the second embodiment.

In the collector 200 of the second embodiment, the collector electrode 104 of the collector 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is changed to a collector electrode 210. The other components of the collector 200 are the same as those of the collector 100 of the first embodiment.

The collector electrode 210 has a slit 212 in a part of its metal body. Further, the collector electrode 210 is brazed to the copper pipe 103 by the brazing portion 211, similarly to the brazing portion 111 of the collector electrode 110 of the first embodiment.

The slit 212 is located on the diameter of a cylinder passing through the center of the brazing part 211 (hereinafter, brazing center) along the outer circumference of the collector electrode 210, and at a position approximately 3/4 of the diameter from the brazing center. It is provided perpendicular to the diameter. Further, the slit 212 is provided so as to leave a part of the collector electrode 210.

It should be noted that the slit 212 is provided on the diameter of a cylinder that necessarily passes through the center of the brazing part 211 (hereinafter, brazing center), at a position approximately 3/4 of the diameter from the brazing center and perpendicular to the diameter. No need. The slit 212 may be provided on the circumference of the collector electrode, leaving a part of the collector electrode as an opening at any position other than the brazing portion 211.

The outer circumference of the collector electrode 210 facing the brazing part 211 (the above-mentioned brazing facing part) is a copper pipe when the microwave tube is not operating and the temperature of the collector electrode 210 is room temperature. No contact with 103. Further, when the microwave tube operates and the temperature of the collector electrode 210 becomes high and expands, the brazing facing portion is designed to be in contact with the inner circumference of the copper pipe 103 in the first embodiment. It is similar to the collector electrode 104 of.
[Description of operation]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

During brazing when manufacturing the collector of the microwave tube, the temperature of the entire collector 200 reaches 800 degrees Celsius, which is higher than that during operation, and the collector electrode 210 expands more than the thermal expansion during operation of the microwave tube. Then, a force to spread the copper pipe 103 is exerted, which may eventually damage the insulating ceramic 102. However, since the collector electrode 210 has the slit 212, even if excessive thermal expansion of the collector electrode 210 occurs, the slit 212 is deformed and the stress due to the thermal expansion is effectively absorbed, so that the insulating ceramic 102 is damaged. prevent.

As described above, the collector 200 of the present embodiment has the effect of preventing damage to the insulating ceramic during the operation of the microwave tube, like the collector 100 of the first embodiment. Further, the collector 200 of the present embodiment has the effect of preventing damage to the insulating ceramics due to the high temperature during brazing when manufacturing the collector, and therefore has higher reliability during manufacturing than the collector 100 of the first embodiment. improves.
[Third Embodiment]
Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
[Description of configuration]
In the collector 300 of the third embodiment, the collector electrode 210 of the collector 200 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is changed to collector electrodes 3110, 3120, 3130, and 3140 (hereinafter, collector electrode 3110 etc.). There is. Other components of the collector 300 are the same as the collector 100 of the first embodiment and the collector 200 of the second embodiment.

The collector electrode 3110 and the like have a shape obtained by dividing the collector electrode 210 of the second embodiment into four cylindrical shapes along the columnar axis direction of the collector electrode.

The brazing parts 3111, 3121, 3131 and 3141 (hereinafter, brazing part 3111 etc.) of the collector electrode 3110 etc. are arranged in the order of arrangement of the collector electrode 3110 etc. by 90 degrees with respect to the center of the axis of the collector electrode. They are arranged one after another. Further, in FIG. 3, the collector electrodes 3110 and the like are drawn so as to be in contact with each other in the axial direction in the drawing, but in actuality, they are arranged at intervals in the central axis direction of the copper pipe 103 so as not to be connected by the brazing material. Has been done.
[Description of operation]
Further, the positions of the brazing part 3111 and the like of the collector electrode 3110 and the like are 0 degrees and 90 degrees at positions of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction of the copper pipe 103 in the order of arrangement of the collector electrode 3110 and the like. , 180 degrees, 270 degrees and so on. By setting the brazing portion 3111 and the like in this manner, the heat conduction points are not localized in the inner diameter of the copper pipe 103, but are dispersed along the circumference of the inner diameter to conduct the heat. Therefore, the force that spreads the copper pipe 103 due to thermal expansion is dispersed, and damage to the insulating ceramic 102 is prevented.

The order of shifting the positions of the brazing part 3111 and the like along the circumferential direction of the copper pipe 103 with respect to the order of arrangement of the collector electrode 3110 and the like is, for example, 0 degree, 180 degrees, 90 degrees and 270 degrees. , 90 degrees may be shifted in any order.

Further, the positions of the brazing part 3111 and the like may be arranged so that the brazing parts of the adjacent collector electrodes are not located at the same position without dividing 360 degrees equally by the number of collector electrodes. For example, even with four collector electrodes, the brazing part may be arranged in the order of 0°, 180°, 0°, 180°.

Further, although the collector electrode of the present embodiment is divided into four, it may be divided into two or more and arranged so that the brazing parts of the adjacent collector electrodes are not located at the same position.

As described above, the collector 300 according to the present embodiment locally conducts heat from the collector electrode to the copper pipe as compared with the collector 100 according to the first embodiment and the collector 200 according to the second embodiment. Can be dispersed throughout the inner diameter without being concentrated. Therefore, the collector 300 of the present embodiment can prevent damage to the insulating ceramic 102 more effectively than the collector 100 of the first embodiment and the collector 200 of the second embodiment.
[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The collector 1000 of the microwave tube of the present embodiment is used in a microwave tube including a high frequency circuit section that performs high frequency amplification by interaction between an electron gun section that emits an electron beam and the electron beam, and a collector 1000 that captures the electron beam. To be The collector 1000 includes a vacuum envelope 1001 formed of a cylindrical conductive material, a cylindrical insulating ceramic 1002 inscribed in the vacuum envelope, and a cylindrical conductive pipe 1003 inscribed in the insulating ceramic. And a collector electrode 1010. The collector electrode 1010 has a substantially cylindrical outer shape and is welded to the conductive pipe 1003 at a welded portion 1011 in a range smaller than half the outer circumference of the substantially columnar shape. The outer periphery other than the welded portion 1011 does not come into contact with the conductive pipe 1003 when the microwave tube is not operating, and at least a part of the outer periphery other than the welded portion 1011 is in operation when the microwave tube is operating. It contacts the conductive pipe 1003.

As described above, the microwave tube collector 1000 of the present embodiment can realize a compact and highly reliable microwave tube collector.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be expanded or modified as follows.

The brazing in the first to third embodiments may be other welding means such as welding.

The outer shape of the collector electrode in the first and second embodiments was a cylindrical shape, but the outer shape of the collector electrode in a cross section perpendicular to the axis is composed of two large diameter portions and two small diameter portions. It can also be shaped. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A′ of the modification of the collector electrode with the slit shown in the second embodiment. One side of the large diameter portion of the outer circumference of the collector electrode 810 is a brazing portion 811 and is brazed to the copper pipe 103. The slit 812 is on the diameter of a cylinder passing through the center of the brazing portion 811 (hereinafter, brazing center) along the outer circumference of the collector electrode 810, and is located at a position approximately 3/4 of the diameter from the brazing center. It is provided perpendicular to the diameter. Further, the slit 812 is provided so as to leave a part of the collector electrode 810. In this way, when the collector electrode 8001 is thermally expanded, the brazing facing portion (described above) is limited to the portion in contact with the copper pipe 103, so that the brazing facing portion can be contacted more reliably.

Further, the following shapes may be used as the different shapes of the first and second collector electrodes. That is, the outer shape of the collector electrode is substantially cylindrical, and the outer shape of the cross section perpendicular to the cylindrical axis is an ellipse. The elliptical major axis is smaller than that of the copper pipe 103, and a range smaller than half of the elliptical circumference including the intersection of the major axis of the ellipse and one side of the outer shape of the ellipse is the brazing part. Then, when the collector electrode is heated to a high temperature and expands during operation of the microwave tube, the elliptical peripheral portion of the collector electrode opposite to the brazed portion may be designed to contact the inner circumference of the copper pipe 103.

100 collector 101 vacuum envelope 102 insulating ceramic 103 copper pipe 104 collector electrode 110 collector electrode 111 brazing part 200 collector 210 collector electrode 211 brazing part 212 slit 300 collector 700 collector 810 collector electrode 811 brazing part 812 slit 900 collector 901 Vacuum envelope 902 Insulating ceramic 903 Copper pipe 904 Collector electrode 1000 Collector 1001 Vacuum envelope 1002 Insulating ceramic 1003 Conductive pipe 1010 Collector electrode 1011 Welding part 3110 Collector electrode 3111 Brazing part 3120 Collector electrode 3121 Brazing part 3130 Collector electrode 3131 Brazing part 8001 Collector electrode

Claims (10)

The collector used for the microwave tube, which is composed of a high-frequency circuit section that performs high-frequency amplification by the interaction between the electron gun section that emits an electron beam and the electron beam, and a collector that captures the electron beam,
A vacuum envelope formed of a cylindrical conductive material,
A cylindrical insulating ceramic inscribed in the vacuum envelope,
A cylindrical conductive pipe inscribed in the insulating ceramic,
The outer shape is a substantially cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the opening is widened toward the side where the electron beam is incident . The outer periphery does not come into contact with the conductive pipe when the microwave tube is not operating, and at least a part of the outer periphery other than the welded portion comes into contact with the conductive pipe when the microwave tube is operating. A collector of a microwave tube, comprising: a collector electrode. The microwave tube collector according to claim 1, wherein the outer circumference is a perfect circle. The microwave tube collector according to claim 1, wherein the outer circumference is an ellipse, and the welded portion includes one of the intersections of the major axis of the ellipse and the outer circumference. The outer periphery is composed of two large-diameter portions facing the center of the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the substantially cylindrical shape and two small diameter portions facing the center of the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the substantially cylindrical shape. 2. The microwave tube collector according to claim 1, wherein the portion is one outer circumference of the large diameter portion. 5. A slit that penetrates substantially parallel to the axis of the substantially cylindrical shape while leaving a part of the outer periphery other than the welded portion as an opening and leaving a part of the collector electrode. The microwave tube collector according to any one of 1. 6. The slit is perpendicular to the straight line on a straight line passing through a center of the welded portion along the outer periphery of the substantially cylindrical shape and a center of a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the substantially cylindrical shape. Microwave tube collector described in. The said slit is arrange|positioned on the said straight line from the center along the said outer periphery of the said welding part at the position of about 3/4 of the distance of the intersection of the said straight line and the said outer periphery, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Microwave tube collector described. The collector electrode is composed of a plurality of collector electrodes along the axis of the substantially columnar shape, and the welded portions of the plurality of collector electrodes are different in the position of the central angle about the axis between the adjacent collector electrodes. The collector of the microwave tube according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Said welded portion of said plurality of collector electrodes is arranged at a position where the position of the central angle around the axis is shifted 360 degrees along the periphery by the angle divided by the number of said plurality of collector electrodes 9. The microwave tube collector according to claim 8, wherein: A microwave tube consisting of a high-frequency circuit section that performs high-frequency amplification by interaction between the electron gun section that emits an electron beam and the electron beam, and a collector that captures the electron beam,
A vacuum envelope formed of a cylindrical conductive material,
A cylindrical insulating ceramic inscribed in the vacuum envelope,
A cylindrical conductive pipe inscribed in the insulating ceramic,
The outer shape is a substantially cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the opening is increased toward the side where the electron beam is incident. The outer diameter of the substantially cylindrical shape is welded to the conductive pipe at a welded portion smaller than half of the outer circumference, The outer periphery does not contact the conductive pipe when the microwave tube is not in operation, and at least a part of the outer periphery other than the welded portion contacts the conductive pipe when the microwave tube is in operation. A microwave tube comprising a collector having a collector electrode.

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