CN107622931B - A kind of electron gun and gyrotron - Google Patents
A kind of electron gun and gyrotron Download PDFInfo
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- CN107622931B CN107622931B CN201610554812.XA CN201610554812A CN107622931B CN 107622931 B CN107622931 B CN 107622931B CN 201610554812 A CN201610554812 A CN 201610554812A CN 107622931 B CN107622931 B CN 107622931B
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- focusing electrode
- cathode
- electron gun
- heat insulation
- heater
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMTSAHAFZXEJBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ba].[W] Chemical compound [Ba].[W] WMTSAHAFZXEJBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- OUFGXIPMNQFUES-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum ruthenium Chemical compound [Mo].[Ru] OUFGXIPMNQFUES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electron guns, including heat insulation cylinder, compression ring, heat shield, heater, cathode and focusing electrode；The cathode of electron gun is annular protrusion structure, and focusing electrode is an integral structure, and cathode is nested on focusing electrode, ensure that the concentricity of cathode and focusing electrode, focusing electrode and cathode by laser welding, so that the connection between cathode and focusing electrode is stronger, reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum devices, in particular to an electron gun and a gyrotron.
Background
The gyrotron developed based on the principle of the electronic cyclotron pulse plug can generate high-power electromagnetic wave radiation in millimeter wave and terahertz wave bands, and can be widely applied to the aspects of plasma heating, advanced radars, particle acceleration, material treatment, space debris detection and the like. The electron gun is the core component of the gyrotron, provides the electron beam used for energy exchange, a kind of electron gun assembly with excellent performance, not only will meet the current emission needs of the whole tube, but also the whole assembly should assemble simply and reliably, the thermion consumed power is low, the negative pole life is long enough.
The electron gun assembly generally includes a cathode, a heater for heating the cathode to an operating temperature, a support structure for holding the cathode heater assembly, and the like. For the conventional electron gun, along with the improvement of the working frequency, the size of the cathode of the cyclotron tube is reduced, so that the structure is complex, the installation is difficult, and the electron gun with simple and reliable assembly and high heating efficiency is urgently needed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the above problems of the prior art, the present invention provides an electron gun and a gyrotron.
(II) technical scheme
The present invention provides an electron gun comprising: the heat insulation cylinder 60, the compression ring 20, the heat insulation sheet 30, the heater 40, the cathode 50 and the focusing electrode 10; the cathode 50 is arranged at one end of the focusing electrode, the other end of the focusing electrode is fixedly connected with one end of the heat insulation cylinder, the heater 40, the heat insulation sheet 30 and the compression ring 20 are sequentially arranged on the focusing electrode 10 in the heat insulation cylinder, and the compression ring 20 is fixedly connected with the focusing electrode 10 and compresses the heater 40 through the heat insulation sheet 30.
Preferably, one end of the focusing electrode is of a cylindrical structure, the other end of the focusing electrode is of a conical protruding structure, the conical protruding structure end of the focusing electrode is provided with a coaxial annular groove 11, the cathode 50 is of an annular protruding structure, the shape and the size of the cathode 50 are matched with those of the annular groove, and the cathode 50 is arranged in the annular groove 11 and is nested on the focusing electrode 10.
Preferably, the compression ring and the cylindrical structure end of the focusing pole are fixedly connected through laser welding to form a shielding chamber.
Preferably, the heat insulation sheet 30 is uniformly provided with four through holes 31 along the circumferential direction, wherein two symmetrical through holes 31 are used for leading out the lead 41 of the thermions, and the other two through holes 31 are reserved through holes.
Preferably, the heat insulation cylinder and the simple structure end of the focusing pole are fixedly connected through laser welding.
Preferably, the heat insulation cylinder 60 is provided with at least one layer of heat insulation groove along the axial direction, each layer of heat insulation groove is uniformly distributed with at least two heat insulation grooves along the circumference, and the adjacent two layers of heat insulation grooves are arranged in a staggered and symmetrical manner.
Preferably, the center of the conical protruding structure end of the focusing electrode is provided with a focusing electrode hole 12.
Preferably, the cathode 50 is a barium tungsten material; the heater 40 is made of rhenium tungsten wires by winding.
Preferably, the cathode 50 and the focusing electrode 10 are fixedly connected by high temperature welding; the heater is prepared by coating alumina powder on the surface and performing high-temperature treatment in a vacuum furnace.
The invention also provides a gyrotron, which comprises any one of the electron guns.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the technical scheme, the electron gun and the gyrotron have the following beneficial effects:
(1) different from the traditional spherical cathode, the cathode of the electron gun is of an annular convex structure, the focusing electrode is of an integrated structure, and the cathode is nested on the focusing electrode, so that the concentricity of the cathode and the focusing electrode is ensured;
(2) the focusing electrode and the cathode are welded by laser, so that the cathode and the focusing electrode are connected more firmly and reliably;
(3) the compression ring and the focusing electrode are fixedly connected together through laser welding, so that the compression ring and the focusing electrode are connected more firmly and reliably;
(4) the pressing ring presses the heater through the heat insulation sheet, the whole structure is compact, and the installation process is simple;
(5) the pressing ring and the focusing electrode form a shielding chamber, so that heat radiation and conduction are reduced, the heat shielding effect is improved, the thermion power loss is reduced, the cathode heat-insulating property is improved, and the heating efficiency of the thermions is improved;
(6) the heat insulation cylinder and the focusing electrode are connected together through laser welding, so that the heat insulation cylinder and the focusing electrode are connected more firmly;
(7) the heat insulation cylinder is provided with the heat insulation groove, so that the conduction heat is reduced, the power consumption of the heater is reduced, and the heating efficiency of the heater is improved;
(8) the focusing electrode is also provided with a focusing electrode hole, which is beneficial to further ensuring the working temperature of the cathode, improving the heating efficiency and enhancing the performance of the electron gun.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of an electron gun according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of a focusing electrode of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of a clamp ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heat shield according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an axial cross-sectional view of an insulating cartridge according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the heating profile of the cathode thermions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ notation ] to show
10-a focusing electrode; 11-an annular groove; 12-a focusing polar aperture;
20-a compression ring;
30-heat insulation sheets; 31-a through hole;
40-thermion; 41-lead;
50-a cathode;
60-a heat insulation cylinder; 61-heat insulation groove.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an electron gun according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is adapted to a gyrotron, includes a heat insulating cylinder 60, a clamp ring 20, a heat insulating sheet 30, a heater 40, a cathode 50, and a focusing electrode 10; wherein,
the cathode 50 is arranged at one end of the focusing electrode, the other end of the focusing electrode is fixedly connected with one end of the heat insulation cylinder, the heater 40, the heat insulation sheet 30 and the compression ring 20 are sequentially arranged on the focusing electrode 10 in the heat insulation cylinder, and the compression ring 20 is fixedly connected with the focusing electrode 10 and compresses the heater 40 through the heat insulation sheet 30.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, one end of the focusing electrode is a cylindrical structure, the other end of the focusing electrode is a conical protruding structure, the conical protruding structure end of the focusing electrode is provided with a coaxial annular groove 11, the cathode 50 is an annular protruding structure, the shape and the size of the cathode 50 are matched with those of the annular groove, the cathode 50 of the annular protruding structure is arranged in the annular groove 11, so that the cathode 50 is nested on the focusing electrode 10, the concentricity of the cathode and the focusing electrode is within 0.05mm, wherein the cathode 50 and the focusing electrode 10 are fixedly connected through high-temperature welding, preferably, the cathode 50 is a barium tungsten material, and the cathode 50 and the focusing electrode 10 are welded together through molybdenum ruthenium high-temperature welding in a hydrogen furnace at 2000 ℃.
The electron gun of the embodiment is different from the traditional spherical cathode which generates solid electron beams, the cathode of the electron gun is of an annular convex structure, the focusing electrode is of an integrated structure, and the cathode is nested on the focusing electrode, so that the concentricity of the cathode and the focusing electrode is ensured; the focusing electrode and the cathode are welded by laser, so that the connection between the cathode and the focusing electrode is firmer and more reliable.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, the clamp ring 20 is made of stainless steel, and the ends of the cylindrical structures of the clamp ring and the focusing electrode are fixedly connected together by laser welding, so that the clamp ring and the focusing electrode form a shielding chamber, and the connection between the clamp ring 20 and the focusing electrode 10 is more firm and reliable.
The heat insulation sheet 30 is made of refractory molybdenum and has the thickness of 1mm, 4 through holes 31 are uniformly formed in the heat insulation sheet 30 along the circumferential direction, two symmetrical through holes 31 are used for leading out lead wires 41 of thermions, and the other two through holes 31 are reserved through holes, so that the assembly operation of the electron gun is facilitated; wherein, the number of the heat insulation sheets can be 4-5.
The heater 40 is formed by winding a rhenium tungsten wire, the diameter of the rhenium tungsten wire is 0.4mm, preferably, the surface of the heater is coated with alumina powder, the heater is subjected to high-temperature treatment in a vacuum furnace, and the alumina powder coated on the surface of the heater is melted, so that the heater is not easy to short circuit, and the reliability of the heater is improved.
In the electron gun of the embodiment, the clamp ring 20 clamps the heater 40 through the heat insulation sheet 30, so that the whole structure is compact and the installation process is simple; the clamp ring 20 and the focusing electrode 10 form a shielding chamber together, so that heat radiation and conduction are reduced, the heat shielding effect is improved, the thermion power loss is reduced, the cathode heat-insulating property is improved, and the heating efficiency of the thermions is improved.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 5, the cylindrical structural ends of the heat insulating cylinder and the focusing electrode are connected together by laser welding to make the connection between the heat insulating cylinder and the focusing electrode more firm, preferably, the heat insulating cylinder 60 is made of stainless steel material, the focusing electrode 10 and the heat insulating cylinder 60 may be welded with platinum wire to further enhance the welding strength, and the thickness of the heat insulating cylinder is preferably 0.35 mm. Wherein, thermal-insulated section of thick bamboo 60 is opened along the axial has 3 layers of heat-insulating groove 61, and every layer of heat-insulating groove 61 has 3 heat-insulating groove 61 along circumference evenly distributed, and heat-insulating groove 61 runs through the section of thick bamboo wall of thermal-insulated section of thick bamboo, and the distance between the adjacent two-layer heat-insulating groove equals, and the dislocation symmetry sets up between the adjacent two-layer heat-insulating groove, and the width of heat-insulating groove is preferred 0.2 mm.
The above examples are only for illustrating the structure of the heat insulation slots, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, the heat insulation cylinder 60 may be axially opened with at least two layers of heat insulation slots, each layer of heat insulation slots may have at least two heat insulation slots uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the distances between two adjacent layers of heat insulation slots may also be unequal.
The electron gun of this embodiment, thermal-insulated section of thick bamboo surface is opened has the heat-proof slot, has reduced the conduction heat, has reduced the thermionic consumption to the heating efficiency of thermionic subassembly has been improved.
In the electron gun of the embodiment, the lead 41 is used for electrifying the heater 40 to enable the heater 40 to generate heat, the heater 40 heats the cathode 50 through the heat conduction effect, and the cathode 50 generates an electron column, so that the function of the electron gun is realized, the working temperature of the cathode is ensured, and the heating efficiency and the starting time are improved. Fig. 6 shows a cathode thermionic heating curve of the electron gun of the present invention, wherein the cathode temperature reaches 1050 degrees at a thermionic heating power of 48W, which satisfies the cathode emission current requirement of the gyrotron.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the center of the conical protruding structure end of the focusing electrode is further provided with a focusing electrode hole 12, which is beneficial to further ensuring the working temperature of the cathode, improving the heating efficiency and enhancing the performance of the electron gun.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a gyrotron, which includes the electron gun of the above embodiment.
Up to this point, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly recognize the electron gun and the gyrotron of the present invention.
It is to be noted that, in the attached drawings or in the description, the implementation modes not shown or described are all the modes known by the ordinary skilled person in the field of technology, and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of the various elements are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or modes mentioned in the embodiments, and those skilled in the art may easily modify or replace them, for example:
(1) other structures can be selected for each part of the electron gun;
(2) directional phrases used in the embodiments, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., refer only to the orientation of the attached drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention;
(3) the embodiments described above may be mixed and matched with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations, i.e. technical features in different embodiments may be freely combined to form further embodiments.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electron gun, comprising: the device comprises a heat insulation cylinder (60), a compression ring (20), a heat insulation sheet (30), a heater (40), a cathode (50) and a focusing electrode (10); wherein,
the cathode (50) is arranged at one end of the focusing electrode, the other end of the focusing electrode is fixedly connected with one end of the heat insulation cylinder, the heater (40), the heat insulation sheet (30) and the compression ring (20) are sequentially arranged on the focusing electrode (10) in the heat insulation cylinder, and the compression ring (20) is fixedly connected with the focusing electrode (10) and compresses the heater (40) through the heat insulation sheet (30);
one end of the focusing electrode is of a cylindrical structure, the other end of the focusing electrode is of a conical protruding structure, a coaxial annular groove (11) is formed in the end of the conical protruding structure of the focusing electrode, and the cathode (50) is arranged in the annular groove (11) and is embedded on the focusing electrode (10).
2. The electron gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode (50) is an annular convex structure, the shape and size of which match the shape and size of the annular groove.
3. The electron gun of claim 2, wherein the clamp ring and the cylindrical end of the focusing electrode are fixedly connected by laser welding to form a shielded chamber.
4. The electron gun according to claim 1, wherein the heat shield (30) is provided with four through holes (31) uniformly along the circumferential direction, wherein two symmetrical through holes (31) are used for leading out leads (41) of the thermions, and the other two through holes (31) are reserved through holes.
5. The electron gun of claim 2, wherein the heat insulating cylinder and the cylindrical structural end of the focusing electrode are fixedly connected by laser welding.
6. The electron gun as claimed in claim 5, wherein the heat insulating cylinder (60) has at least one layer of heat insulating slots along the axial direction, each layer of heat insulating slots is evenly distributed with up to two heat insulating slots along the circumference, and the adjacent two layers of heat insulating slots are arranged in a staggered and symmetrical manner.
7. The electron gun according to claim 2, characterized in that the conical projection end of the focusing electrode has a focusing electrode hole (12) in the center.
8. The electron gun according to claim 1, wherein said cathode (50) is a barium tungsten material; the heater (40) is formed by winding rhenium tungsten wires.
9. The electron gun according to claim 8, characterized in that the cathode (50) and the focusing electrode (10) are fixedly connected by high temperature welding; the heater is prepared by coating alumina powder on the surface and performing high-temperature treatment in a vacuum furnace.
10. A gyrotron, comprising an electron gun according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610554812.XA CN107622931B (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2016-07-14 | A kind of electron gun and gyrotron |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610554812.XA CN107622931B (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2016-07-14 | A kind of electron gun and gyrotron |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107622931A CN107622931A (en) | 2018-01-23 |
| CN107622931B true CN107622931B (en) | 2019-05-14 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109698104B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-02-09 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Water-cooled gyrotron control pole |
| CN110676137B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2022-05-27 | 九江学院 | Preparation method of cathode for magnetron |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4873468A (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1989-10-10 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Multiple sheet beam gridded electron gun |
| JP2590750B2 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-03-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Impregnated cathode structure |
| CN102087946A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-08 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Structure for improving heating efficiency of cathode heater assembly and preparation method thereof |
| CN204596744U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Grid-control TWT cathode construction |
| CN205016489U (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-02-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Cathode heater assembly |
-
2016
- 2016-07-14 CN CN201610554812.XA patent/CN107622931B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4873468A (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1989-10-10 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Multiple sheet beam gridded electron gun |
| JP2590750B2 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-03-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | Impregnated cathode structure |
| CN102087946A (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-08 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Structure for improving heating efficiency of cathode heater assembly and preparation method thereof |
| CN204596744U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Grid-control TWT cathode construction |
| CN205016489U (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-02-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Cathode heater assembly |
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