JP6729911B2 - Th−gm細胞の機能を調節するための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
Th−gm細胞の機能を調節するための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2014年9月26日出願のシンガポール特許出願第10201406130P号の利益を請求するものである。上記出願の全ての教示は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
する検出剤に接触させること、およびb)STAT5[例えばホスホSTAT5(Tyr694)]、IL−7、GM−CSF、もしくはIL−3、またはそれらの組合せのポリペプチドまたは核酸のレベルを定量することであって、参照レベルと比べて増加しているSTAT5[例えばホスホSTAT5(Tyr694)]、インターロイキン−7(IL−7)、GM−CSF、もしくはインターロイキン−3(IL−3)、またはそれらの組合せのレベルは、患者がTH−GM媒介性の炎症性障害に罹っていることを指し示すこと、を含む方法を提供する。
あり、かつTH−GM機能(例えば、その分化および病原性)を媒介する、別個の因子のネットワークを提供する。
たはそれらの組合せ)のレベルは、患者が、TH−GM媒介性の炎症性障害に罹っていることを指し示すことを含み、それによって、炎症性障害に罹っている患者のTH−GM媒介性の炎症性障害を診断する。
直性脊椎炎、クローン病、糖尿病、橋本甲状腺炎、甲状腺機能亢進症、甲状腺機能低下症、過敏性腸症候群(IBS)、紅斑性狼瘡、リウマチ性多発筋痛症、乾癬、乾癬性関節炎、レイノー症候群/現象、反応性関節炎(ライター症候群)、サルコイドーシス、強皮症、シェーグレン症候群、潰瘍性大腸炎、ぶどう膜炎、または血管炎が挙げられる。
たはmRNAのレベルの標準曲線もまた、参照として使用することができる。正常な参照範囲内にある精製タンパク質のレベルの標準曲線もまた、参照として使用することができる。
ペプチドまたは核酸のレベルを定量することを含む。少なくとも4つのシナリオを考えることができる。
)は、患者が、炎症性障害の後期の段階、例えば組織損傷という特徴を有する段階にあることを指し示す場合がある。したがって,本開示は、1つまたは複数のTH−GM媒介因子[例えばSTAT5(例えば活性化ホスホSTAT5(Tyr694))、IL−7、GM−CSF、および/またはIL−3]ならびに1つまたは複数の非TH−GM媒介因子(例えばTNF−α、IL−6、IL−1β)の定量可能なレベルに応じて、患者の予測を可能とし、それによって、疾患の進行に従って治療を誂える。したがって、当業者が認識することになるように、炎症性障害に罹っている患者を、疾患の進行についてモニターして、本明細書に記載されるような1つまたは複数のTH−GM媒介因子、および1つまたは複数の非TH−GM媒介因子(例えばTNF−α、IL−6、IL−1β)のレベルに従った有効かつ誂えた治療を保証することができる
ケファリン(PENK)、IL−2、セリン(またはシステイン)ペプチダーゼインヒビターのクレイドBメンバー6b(Serpinb6b)、ニューリチン1(Nrn1)、ステロイル−コエンザイムAデサチュラーゼ1(Scd1)、もしくはホスホトリエステラーゼ関連C1q様3(Pter)、またはそれらの組合せの過剰発現という特徴をさらに有する。
、患者は、TH−GM媒介性の炎症性障害であるものとして以前に診断されている。
剤を設計、生産、および使用する方法は、当技術分野で公知かつ利用可能である。
F,IL−3)が挙げられる。
性質に依存することになる。さらに、TH−GM機能を調節する薬剤およびTNF−α療法は、同様の投薬スケジュールで投与されても投与されなくてもよい。例えば、TH−GM機能を調節する薬剤が、TNF−α療法よりも高い頻度で、またはその逆で投与されるように、TH−GM機能を調節する薬剤およびTNF−α療法は、異なる半減期および/または作用を、異なる時間スケールで有していてもよい。治療剤の投与間の日数は、各薬物の安全性および薬力学に従って、当業者が適切に決定することができる。
WeirおよびC. C. Blackwell編);Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells(J. M.
MillerおよびM. P. Calos編、1987年);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(F. M. Ausubelら編、1987年、2001年を通じた補遺を含む);PCR: The Polymerase Chain Reaction(Mullisら編、1994年);Current Protocols in Immunology(J. E. Coliganら編、1991年);The Immunoassay Handbook(D. Wild編、Stockton Press NY、1994年);Bioconjugate Techniques(Greg T. Hermanson編、Academic Press、1996年);Methods of Immunological Analysis(R. Masseyeff, W. H. AlbertおよびN. A. Staines編、Weinheim: VCH Verlags gesellschaft mbH、1993年)、HarlowおよびLane(1988年)Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Publications、ニューヨーク、ならびにHarlow and Lane (1999年)Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、Cold Spring Harbor、ニューヨーク、本明細書では共同でおよび個別に「HarlowおよびLane」として参照される)、Beaucageら編、Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry(John Wiley & Sons, Inc.、ニューヨーク、2000年);ならびにAgrawal編、Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs, Synthesis and Properties(Humana Press Inc.、ニュージャージー州、1993年)に記載されているような、組換えDNA、微生物学、細胞生物学、生化学、核酸化学、および免疫学など、分子生物学の従来手法の使用を含む。
リウマチ学および免疫学部門に入院していたRA患者から採集した。全ての患者は、RAの分類のためのアメリカリウマチ学会の判断基準を満たしていた。年齢および性別が一致した健康な対照(n=32)は、附属鼓楼医院の医療試験センターから得た。試験プロトコールは、南京大学医学部の附属鼓楼医院の倫理委員会によって認可された。
たマウスから脊髄と脳の両方を採集して細かく刻み、Percoll(GEヘルスケア社)を用いた勾配遠心分離によって単核細胞を単離した。
Bio Lab)]を、1日目に、マウス1頭当たり250ngの投薬量で腹腔内投与した。免疫後7日目に、100μgのmBSA(10μLの生理食塩水中)を後右膝関節内に関節内注射することによって、関節炎を誘導した。同じ体積の生理食塩水を対照として用いて、後左膝関節を注射した。関節炎の誘導後7日間にわたって、カリパスを用いて右と左の膝関節の直径の差を測定することによって、関節腫脹を記録した。GM−CSF投与の効果を評価するために、mBSAのみを右膝関節に、または100ngのGM−CSF[イムノツールズ社(ImmunoTools)]を補ったmBSAを左膝関節に関節内注射することによって、AIAを誘導した。GM−CSFおよび/またはTNF−αの遮断の効果を評価するために、GM−CSFに特異的な(MP1−22E9、BDファーミンジェン社)および/またはTNF−αに特異的な(MP6−XT3、BDファーミンジェン社)中和抗体(マウス当たり各抗体100μg)を用いて、指示された時間に、マウスを腹腔内投与した。
素を注射することによって、CIAを誘導した。マウスをモニターし、関節炎についてスコア化した。すなわち、0は正常、1は足首もしくは手首の軽度の腫脹または個々の指に限局した明らかな腫脹、2は、脚全体の中等度の腫脹、3は関節強直を伴う脚全体の重度の腫脹である。各マウスについて四肢のスコアを合計した。
とによって、架橋を実施し、続いて、グリシンを用いてクエンチした。細胞溶解物を、超音波処理によって断片化し、タンパク質GのDynabeadsを用いて事前に清澄にし、その後、抗STAT5抗体(サンタクルズ社)または正常ウサギIgG(サンタクルズ社)を用いて4℃で一晩、沈降させた。洗浄および溶出の後、65℃で8時間インキュベートすることによって、架橋逆転を行った。溶出DNAを精製し、以前に記載されたような(参考文献5)Csf2プロモーターに特異的なプライマーを用いて、RT−PCRによって分析した。
Stat5−/−マウスにおけるEAEに対する抵抗性が、末梢リンパ球減少症によって引き起こされなかったことを示唆している。さらに、IL−17+細胞およびIFN−γ+細胞の頻度の増加が、Stat5−/−マウスの脾臓中のCD4+T細胞の中で検出され(図4C)、このことは、Stat5−/−マウスにおけるEAEに対する抵抗性が、おそらくはTH1およびTH17の生成と無関係であるという考えをさらに支持する。TH1およびTH17の生成におけるSTAT5の機能を検証するために、TH1およびTH17の極性化条件下でナイーブCD4+T細胞を活性化することによって、in vitro分化を実施した。以前の報告に符合して、STAT5は、TH17分化に及ぼすIL−2の抑制効果を媒介した(データ示さず)。興味深いことに、IL−7は、やはりSTAT5を通じてシグナルを送るが、TH17の分化への明らかな効果があることが観察されなかった(データ示さず)。しかし、STAT5が欠失していた際にTH1極性化条件下でIFN−γ+細胞の僅かな低下が観察された(データ示さず)。
間の因果関係をさらに展開するために、MOG35−55特異的なStat5+/+およびStat5−/−のCD4+T細胞を、さらに免疫を行わずにRag2−/−マウスに別々に移入して、これらの細胞がEAE発生を媒介することができるか否かを試験した。図7Aおよび図7Bに示すように、Stat5+/+CD4+T細胞を受けたマウスは、移入後の1週目に、自然発生的にEAE疾患を発病した。それに対して、Stat5−/−CD4+T細胞を受けたマウスは、疾患の重症度および発生率が大幅に減少していた。Rag2−/−マウスのCNS中のCD4+T細胞の中でのIL−17+細胞およびIFN−γ+細胞の頻度は、2群間で同等であり(図7C)、このことは、Stat5−/−CD4+T細胞の脳炎惹起性の内因的な欠陥は、TH1およびTH17とは無関係であることをさらに示唆している。Stat5−/−マウスに観察されたEAEに対する抵抗性におけるCD8+T細胞のあり得る役割を排除するため、MOG35−55特異的なStat5+/+またはStat5−/−のCD4+T細胞を、等しい数のStat5+/+CD8+T細胞と共に用いて、Rag2−/−マウスを再構築した。Stat5−/−CD4+T細胞をStat5+/+CD8+T細胞と共に移送しても、やはりEAEを誘導できなかった(データ示さず)。合わせると、これらのデータは、Stat5−/−CD4+T細胞が脳炎惹起性の内因的な欠陥を有することを提示している。本明細書に引用された全ての特許、公開された出願、および参照文献の関連の教示は、参照によりその全体を組み入れられる。
スよりも著しく低かった(図9C)。一方、Stat5−/−マウスとStat5+/+マウスとの間で、IL−17およびIFN−γの発現の有意な差は検出されなかった(図9C)。Stat5−/−マウスのCNSにおけるサイトカイン誘導(IL−17およびIFN−γ)が後期の段階で損なわれた(14日目、図9C)のは、Stat5−/−CD4+Tが神経炎症に耐えられないということによって説明しうる(図5Cおよび図5D)。興味深いことに、CNSにおけるGM−CSFの誘導は、IL−23の誘導に先立って起こり(図9C)、このことは、IL−23が、EAEの誘導相でのGM−CSF発現に必要ではない可能性があることを示唆している。要約すれば、この結果は、自己反応性CD4+T細胞中のGM−CSF発現がSTAT5によって制御され、STAT5の不在下でGM−CSF産生を損なっていることはEAEに対するマウスの抵抗性をもたらすということを示唆している。
(Leeら、2012年)に符合して、この中和抗体は、T細胞を枯渇させる活性を持たなかった(図12C)。注目すべきことに、IL−7シグナリングの遮断の結果、CNS浸潤CD4+T細胞でGM−CSF発現の低下が生じた(図12D〜図12F)。要約すると、本願の知見は、IL−7が、自己反応性CD4+T細胞にSTAT5依存的なGM−CSFの発現を誘導し、その発現が、神経炎症の発生に寄与することを指し示している。
トカインおよび転写因子、具体的にはIL−3をコードする遺伝子を含めて、他のいくつかの目的遺伝子も特定した。様々なヘルパーT細胞をin vitroで分化させ、TH−GM細胞がTH1細胞およびTH17細胞に比較して強力なIL−3産生体であることを確認した(図20A、図20C、および図20D)。さらに、EBI−3、PENL、およびRANKLを含めて、TH−GM細胞で優先的に発現する他のいくつかのサイトカインを見出したが(図20B)、このことは、TH−GM細胞の多様な生物学的機能を指し示している。
カーとして際立たせるものとしている。
vivoで刺激し、続いて、細胞内サイトカイン染色およびフローサイトメトリーを行った。予想通り、CD4+CD44hi集団の中でのGM−CSF単生産細胞の頻度は、Stat5−/−マウスで有意に低下した(図28 34B)。注目すべきことに、IL−17単産生(TH17)細胞またはIFN−γ単産生(TH1)細胞の頻度に、2群間で有意な差は観察されなかった(図28B)。mBSAによる再刺激と細胞内サイトカイン染色とを組み合わせることによるさらに進んだ研究では、GM−CSF産生エフェクターT細胞に特異的なmBSAの頻度が、Stat5−/−マウスの脾臓では、対照よりもはるかに少ないことが示された(図29A)。さらに、AIAマウス由来の脾細胞および鼠径部リンパ節(LN)を、mBSAを用いてex vivoで再刺激し、培養上清中のサイトカイン濃度を測定したところ、GM−CSFはSTAT5の欠失がある場合に有意に減少するが、IL−17とIFN−γのどちらも2群間で同等のレベルであることを見出した(図29Bおよび図29C)。合わせると、本結果は、実験的関節炎において、STAT5の喪失によって、GM−CSF産生エフェクターTh細胞が特異的に抑制される場合があるが、TH17細胞またはTH1細胞は抑制されないということを指し示している。
する。
よびBMDCからは低投薬量であっても(図34G)、IL−6の分泌を顕著に増加させた。成熟IL−1βの分泌を誘導するために、LPSを用いて、BMDMを6時間プライミングし、その間、異なる濃度のGM−CSFを添加し、続いてATPにより刺激した。ELISAにより測定すると、GM−CSFの添加によって、培養上清へのIL−1βの分泌が有意に亢進した(図34H)。滑膜の炎症の活発な役者である滑膜線維芽細胞(Muller-Ladnerら、2007年)も、GM−CSFにより刺激すると、IL−1βのmRNA発現の増加を示した(図34I)。GM−CSFのTNF−α発現に及ぼす誘導効果は、BMDM、BMDC、または滑膜線維芽細胞では観察されなかった(データ示さず)。関節炎の発生におけるIL−6およびIL−1βの機能的な重要性(ChoyおよびPanayi、2001年)を考えると、TH細胞により分泌されたGM−CSFは、骨髄系細胞および滑膜線維芽細胞からIL−6およびIL−1βの発現を引き出すことをも介して、滑膜の炎症を媒介する可能性がある。
表1.TH1細胞、TH17細胞、およびTH−GM細胞で示差的に発現している遺伝子の概要
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Claims (11)
- シグナル伝達兼転写活性化因子5(STAT5)阻害剤を含む、患者の関節リウマチ治療用組成物であって、
前記患者が、TNF−α療法に対し限定的な応答を示す、または応答しない患者であって、
前記阻害剤が、ピモジド、CAS番号がCAS285986−31−4である化合物、抗STAT5アンタゴニスト抗体、STAT5に対するsiRNA又はSTAT5に対するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドである、組成物。 - STAT5阻害剤を含む、患者の関節リウマチ治療用組成物であって、
STAT5阻害剤に、前記患者におけるT−ヘルパー(TH−GM)細胞またはCD4+前駆細胞を接触させるものであり、
前記患者が、TNF−α療法に対し限定的な応答を示す、または応答しない患者であって、
前記阻害剤が、ピモジド、CAS番号がCAS285986−31−4である化合物、抗STAT5アンタゴニスト抗体、STAT5に対するsiRNA又はSTAT5に対するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドである、組成物。 - 前記関節リウマチが、TH−GM媒介性である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記患者は、参照レベルと比べて、STAT5、IL−7、GM−CSF、またはIL−3の発現レベルが増加している患者である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記参照レベルが、健康なヒトから得られる発現レベルである、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記患者におけるSTAT5、IL−7、GM−CSF、またはIL−3のレベルが、前記参照レベルより、少なくとも40%、少なくとも50%、少なくとも60%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも90%、または少なくとも100%増加している、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記TH−GM細胞が、IL−7および活性化STAT5の存在下でCD4+前駆細胞から分化したものである、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記TH−GM細胞が、GM−CSFおよびIL−3を発現する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記TH−GM細胞が、塩基性ヘリックス−ループ−ヘリックスファミリーのメンバーe40(BHLHe40)、プレプロエンケファリン(PENK)、IL−2、セリン(またはシステイン)ペプチダーゼインヒビターのクレイドBメンバー6b(Serpinb6b)、ニューリチン1(Nrn1)、ステロイル−コエンザイムAデサチュラーゼ1(Scd1)、またはホスホトリエステラーゼ関連C1q様3(Pter)のうち1つまたは複数を過剰発現する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記TH−GM細胞が、リンパ球抗原6複合体、遺伝子座A(Ly6a);CD27;またはリンパ球セレクチン(Sell)のうち1つまたは複数を過小発現する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- STAT5阻害剤を含む、TNF−α非依存的な様式による患者の関節リウマチ治療用組成物であって、
前記患者が、TNF−α療法に対し限定的な応答を示す、または応答しない患者であり、
前記阻害剤が、ピモジド、CAS番号がCAS285986−31−4である化合物、抗STAT5アンタゴニスト抗体、STAT5に対するsiRNA又はSTAT5に対するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドである、組成物。
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