JP6719979B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a machine tool.

Conventionally, two relatively movable main shafts provided with openable and closable chucks are provided so as to be switchable between a free rotation state and a rotational drive state, a rotation detecting means for detecting rotation of the main shaft, and one of the chucks. The rod is gripped by one of the main shafts by the closing operation, the other main spindle is relatively moved in the open state of the other chuck, and the chuck is closed at a predetermined moving position, whereby the rod by the main shaft is closed. There is known a machine tool that is provided with a grip changing unit that changes a grip position of a material, and performs processing while sequentially feeding the rod material by the grip changing unit (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-63-272404 (see page 7, lower right column, line 9 to page 9, lower left column, line 13 and FIGS. 12 to 19).

However, since the machine tool performs the machining by sequentially feeding the bar material by the grip changing means, the bar material is gradually shortened by the machining, and the spindle that grips the bar material by the closing operation of the chuck. On the other hand, there is a problem that, when the spindle that moves relatively in the opened state of the chuck changes the gripping position, a gripping failure of the spindle may occur and a machining failure may occur. there were.

In the machine tool of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, two relatively movable first and second spindles 2 and 3 having openable and closable first and second chucks 9 and 11 are in a freely rotating state. and mounted for switching the rotational drive state, the rotation detecting means 7, 8 for detecting the rotation of the spindle 2 and 3, the bar 33 in the previous SL second main spindle by the closing operation of the front Stories second chuck was grasped, is relatively moved in front Symbol first spindle in the open state of the first chuck, by closing operation of the first chuck at a predetermined moving position, the gripping of the rod 33 by the main shaft 2, 3 In a machine tool which is provided with a grip changing means for changing the position, and performs machining while sequentially feeding the rods 33 by the grip changing means, the first spindle whose grip position is changed by the grip changing means is freely rotated. with switching on the condition, the pre-Symbol second spindle driven to rotate, the grip on the basis of a rotating state of the first principal axis of the free rotation state is the rotation to the detection means 7 thus detected for detecting the rotation of the first spindle The first feature is that a gripping failure detection means for detecting a gripping failure of the first spindle at the time of changing the position is provided.

Second, the bars 33, characterized in that it is inserted from the front Symbol rear end of the first main spindle 2 to the first main spindle 2 via the rod holding means 34 for holding the rod member 33.

Thirdly, the grip changing means changes the grip position with respect to the bar 33 remaining on the first spindle 2 side when the bar holding means 34 is moved to the most advanced position A. And

Fourthly, the bar member holding means 34 is removed from the bar material 33 when the gripping position is changed by the grip changing means.

According to the structure of the machine tool of the present invention configured as described above, the chuck of the chuck is attached to the spindle holding the bar material by the closing operation of the chuck without providing a special sensor or the like for detecting a grip failure. There is an effect that it is possible to easily detect a gripping defect when the spindle that relatively moves in the open state changes the gripping position of the rod, and prevent a machining defect.

The bar may be inserted into the main shaft from the rear end of one of the main shafts via a bar holding means such as a finger chuck that holds the bar.

The gripper changing means is moved to the most advanced position because the gripping change means is easily detected when the spindle that moves relatively in the chuck open state changes the gripping position of the bar stock. It is configured such that the gripping position is changed for the rod remaining on the main shaft side in this state, and the rod having a length that is not easily fed by the rod holding means can be processed. ..

When the bar material having a length that is not easily fed by the bar material holding means is processed, the bar material holding means is removed from the bar material when the gripping position is changed by the grip changing means. You may.

It is a top view showing the outline of the whole automatic lathe to which the present invention is applied. It is a principal part schematic diagram of the automatic lathe which performs the remaining material processing operation of this invention. It is a flowchart of a residual material processing operation to which the present invention is applied. (A) is an operation diagram of a main part from the primary retreat of the first spindle (step 1) to rotation detection of the first spindle (step 4) in the residual material processing operation, and (B) is the residual material processing operation. FIG. 6 is an operation diagram of a main part showing from the retreat (step 5) of the finger chuck to the cut-off processing (step 6). FIG. 10 is an operation diagram of a main part showing secondary processing (step 7) of the second spindle in the residual material processing operation. (A) is an operation diagram of the essential part showing the unloading of the finished product (step 8) from the second spindle in the residual material machining operation, and (B) is the primary machining for the primary retreat length in the residual material machining operation FIG. 10 is an operation diagram of a main part from execution of (step 9) to secondary retraction of the first spindle (step 10). Execution of the primary machining for the secondary retraction length by both spindles synchronized from the non-excited state (OFF) of the spindle motor (step 11) after the regripping of the residual material of the primary spindle in the residual material machining operation (step 14). ) Is an operation diagram of a main part. (A) is an operation diagram of a main part showing a change in the gripping position of the second spindle in the remaining material processing operation, and (B) is an operation diagram of a main part showing the cut-off processing (step 15) in the remaining material processing operation. .. (A) is an operation diagram of a main part showing a secondary processing (step 16) of a product which has been primarily processed by the second spindle in the residual material processing operation, and (B) shows a product which has been processed in the residual material processing operation. It is an operation view of the main part showing the carry-out (step 17) from the two main spindles. 3 is a sub-flowchart for executing residual material machining by the second spindle when rotation of the first spindle is not detected (step 13) in the flowchart of the residual material machining operation shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 1, a main lathe 1 which is a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a first spindle 2 and a second spindle 3 that are opposed to each other so that their axes are parallel to each other. ing. The first spindle 2 and the second spindle 3 are rotatably supported by the first spindle stock 4 and the second spindle stock 6, respectively. A known spindle motor such as a built-in motor is provided between each spindle 2, 3 and each corresponding spindle stock 4, 6.

The respective spindles 2 and 3 are rotationally driven by the corresponding spindle motors. By turning off the excitation of the corresponding spindle motors, the respective spindles 2 and 3 are switched from the rotational driving state in which the spindle motors can be rotationally driven to the free rotation state in which they can freely rotate. As shown in FIG. 2, encoders 7 and 8 are attached to the respective main shafts 2 and 3 as rotation detecting means. The encoders 7 and 8 detect the rotation states of the spindles 2 and 3, respectively.

A first chuck 9 and a second chuck 11 are provided on the first spindle 2 and the second spindle 3 so as to be openable and closable. The respective spindles 2 and 3 can detachably hold the material for processing by the chucks 9 and 11. The first headstock 4 is mounted on the first slide device 12. The first slide device 12 includes guide rails 14 and 16 along the Z1 direction which is the axial direction of the first main shaft 2.

The first slide device 12 is fixed to the bed 17 side of the automatic lathe 1. The first headstock 4 is supported on the bed 17 so as to be movable in the Z1 direction via the first slide device 12. The second headstock 6 is mounted on the second slide device 13. The second slide device 13 includes guide rails 18 and 19 along the Z2 direction which is the axial direction of the second main shaft 3. The second slide device 13 is mounted on the third slide device 21.

The third slide device 21 includes guide rails 22 and 23 along the X2 direction that is orthogonal to the Z2 direction in the horizontal direction. The third slide device 21 is fixed to the bed 17 side of the automatic lathe 1. The second headstock 6 is supported on the bed 17 via the second slide device 13 and the third slide device 21 so as to be movable in the Z2 direction and the X2 direction. The first spindle 2 and the second spindle 3 are arranged to face each other so that their axes coincide with each other by the movement of the second spindle stock 6 in the X2 direction.

A support base 27 is provided in front of the first spindle 2 and fixed to the bed 17 side. The support base 27 is provided with a movable base 25 that is movable in the X1 direction and the Y1 direction that are orthogonal to each other. The moving table 25 is arranged so that both the X1 direction and the Y1 direction are orthogonal to the Z1 direction. The first turret 26 is attached to the moving table 25. A tool 24 for processing the material held by the first spindle 2 is mounted on a first tool post 26. A plurality of tools 24 can be mounted on the first tool post 26 in the Y1 direction.

The guide bush 28 is provided on the support base 27. The guide bush 28 is arranged between the first main spindle 2 and the first tool post 26 so as to have the same axis as the first main spindle 2. The second tool post 31 is provided on the opposite side of the second spindle 3. The second turret 31 is fixed to the bed 17 side. A plurality of tools 29 for processing the material gripped by the second spindle 3 are mounted on the second tool rest 31.

The automatic lathe 1 is provided with a control device 32 for controlling operations such as movement of the first tool rest 26 and both headstocks 4 and 6, rotation of both spindles 2 and 3 and opening and closing of both chucks 9 and 11. Both encoders 7 and 8 are connected to the control device 32 side. The long bar 33 is inserted into the first main shaft 2 from the rear as a material for processing by a conventionally known bar feeder or the like with the first chuck 9 open and supplied.

As shown in FIG. 2, the bar feeder is provided with a finger chuck 34 which serves as a bar member holding means for holding the bar member by detachably inserting a rear end portion of the bar member 33. The rod 33 is pressed by the finger chuck 34 and inserted into the first main shaft 2, protrudes from the first main shaft 2, and is inserted into the guide bush 28.

The rod 33 is gripped by the first spindle 2 by the closing operation of the first chuck 9. The automatic lathe 1 is provided with respect to the end portion of the bar 33 protruding from the guide bush 28 due to rotation of the first spindle 2 by the control device 32, movement in the Z1 direction, movement of a predetermined tool 24 in the X1 direction, and the like. Primary processing can be performed when processing a product having a predetermined shape.

By moving the first tool rest 26 in the Y1 direction under the control of the control device 32, the predetermined tool 24 corresponding to the machining is selected. The controller 32 opens the second chuck 11 by moving the second spindle 3 in the X2 direction and the Z2 direction, and inserts the end portion of the bar 33 protruding from the guide bush 28 into the second spindle 3. be able to. When the rod 33 is gripped by the first spindle 2 and inserted into the second spindle 3, the controller 32 causes the second spindle 3 to grip the rod 33 by closing the second chuck 11. be able to.

The control device 32 functions as a grip changing unit by performing control based on a program stored in advance. The control device 32 functions as the grip changing means, and causes the second spindle 3 to grip the rod 33 held by the first spindle 2 by the closing operation of the second chuck 11. The gripping position of the bar 33 by the first main spindle 2 can be changed by moving the first main spindle 2 backward in the Z1 direction and closing the first chuck 9 with 9 open.

The change of the gripping position of the rod 33 by the first spindle 2 is performed, for example, after the completion of the primary processing of the rod 33 on the first spindle 2 side. The bar material 33 is cut off in a state in which the bar material 33 is gripped by the two main shafts 2 and 3, whereby the product primarily processed on the first main shaft 2 side is transferred to the second main shaft 3 as a material, It is supplied to the second spindle 3. By moving the second spindle 3 in the X2 direction and the Z2 direction, the supplied primary processed product can be secondarily processed by the tool 29 or the like of the second tool rest 31.

The product for which the secondary processing has been completed is carried out from the second spindle 3 by extrusion or the like. The first spindle 2 can sequentially and continuously process the rod 33 while sequentially feeding the rod 33 by the amount of retreat of the first spindle 2. When the gripping position of the bar 33 by the first spindle 2 is changed, the control device 32 retracts the first spindle 2 by the primary processing length L of the product to be machined, so that the bar 33 is sequentially continuous. Then, the primary processing is performed.

As shown in FIG. 2, since the bar 33 becomes shorter each time it is cut off, the finger chuck 34 has a limit of advancement with respect to the first spindle 2 depending on the primary processing length L of the product to be processed. Has a maximum advance position A of At the maximum forward movement position A of the finger chuck 34, the bar member 33 is located between the guide bush 28 and the first spindle 2 and extends from the end portion gripped by the finger chuck 34 to the end portion protruding from the guide bush 28. Remain (see FIG. 4(B)).

When the primary processing length L is shorter than the length of the portion 35 left between the guide bush 28 of the rod 33 and the first spindle 2, the automatic lathe 1 will cause the automatic bush 1 to guide the guide bush 28 of the rod 33 and the first spindle. In some cases, the product can be processed using the portion 35 left between the two as a material. The automatic lathe 1 is configured such that the control device 32 functions as a residual material processing means and performs processing of a product by using the portion 35 remaining between the guide bush 28 of the rod 33 and the first spindle 2 as a material. ing.

The control device 32 functions as a residual material processing means by operating in accordance with the flowchart of FIG. 3 based on a program stored in advance, and moves the first tool rest 26 and both spindles 2 and 3, as well as the spindles 2 and 3. The operation such as rotation of 3 is controlled.

As shown in FIG. 2, when the primary processing in which the finger chuck 34 reaches the maximum advance position A is completed, the residual material processing means performs step S1 in the flowchart of FIG. 3 as shown in FIG. 4(A). The first spindle 2 is retracted (primarily retracted) by a primary retreat length that is a predetermined length shorter than the primary machining length L, and the gripping position of the bar 33 by the first spindle 2 is changed.

The maximum advancing position A of the finger chuck 34 is set to a position where the retraction of the first spindle 2 by the primary retraction length is permitted and the retraction by the primary machining length L of the first spindle 2 is not permitted. In the present embodiment, the primary retreat length is predetermined to be half (L/2) of the primary processing length L. The residual material processing means proceeds to step S2 when the grip changing means changes the grip position of the bar 33 by the first spindle 2 by the primary retreat length L/2 in step S1.

The residual material processing means switches the main spindle motor of the first main spindle 2 to the non-excitation state with both chucks 9 and 11 closed in step S2, and rotationally drives the second main spindle 3 in step S3. The output of encoder 2 is detected. In step S4, the residual material processing means detects the rotation of the first main spindle 2 in the free rotation state by the drive of the second main spindle 3 based on the information of the encoder 7, and grips the bar 33 by the first main spindle 2. If it is determined that it has been broken, the process proceeds to step S5.

The residual material processing means removes the finger chuck 34 from the bar 33 in step S5, and in step S6, as shown in FIG. .. The finger chuck 34 is removed from the rod 33 by retracting the finger chuck 34, stopping the finger chuck 34, and moving the first spindle 2 forward in the Z1 direction with the first chuck 9 closed. be able to. The residual material processing means performs the secondary processing on the product 37 that has been subjected to the primary processing and has been handed over to the second spindle 3 and is held in step S7, as shown in FIG. 5, and after the secondary processing is completed, the step S8 is performed. Then, the processed product 40 is unloaded from the second spindle 3 as shown in FIG. 6(A).

The residual material processing means performs a primary retreat length L/2 minutes on the bar 33 held by the first spindle 2 in step S9, in parallel with steps S7 and S8, or next to step S8. Execute the primary processing. When the primary machining for the primary retreat length L/2 is completed, the residual material machining means, in step S10, sets the primary machining length L and the primary retreat length L/2 as shown in FIG. 6(B). Then, the first spindle 2 is retracted by the secondary retraction length which is the difference between the two, and the gripping position of the bar 33 by the first spindle 2 is changed.

In the present embodiment, the secondary retreat length is set to half (L/2) of the primary processing length L, and the first spindle 2 is equivalent to the secondary retreat length (L/2) by the grip changing means. It moves backward and the gripping position of the bar 33 is changed. When the primary retreat length is different from half of the primary machining length L, the secondary retreat length is also different from half of the primary machining length L, and the primary retreat length and the secondary retreat length are added together. The length L is set to the primary processing length. Since the finger chuck 34 has been removed from the rod 33 in step S5, the finger chuck 34 does not hinder the retreat of the first spindle 2.

When the gripping position of the rod 33 by the first spindle 2 is changed, the residual material processing means switches the spindle motor of the first spindle 2 to the non-excited state in step S11 with both chucks 9 and 11 closed. In step S12, the second spindle 3 is rotationally driven and the output of the encoder 7 of the first spindle 2 is detected.

In step S13, the residual material processing means detects the rotation of the first spindle 2 in the free rotation state due to the rotational driving of the second spindle 3 based on the information of the encoder 7, and the bar material 33 is grasped by the first spindle 2. In step S14, as shown in FIG. 7, synchronous rotation drive of both spindles 2 and 3 with respect to the bar 33 held by both spindles 2 and 3 and Z1 direction and By the synchronous movement in the Z2 direction, the primary machining remaining for the secondary retract length (L/2) is executed.

When the primary processing on the bar 33 is completed, the gripping position changing means maintains the gripping of the bar 33 on the first spindle 2 by the closing operation of the first chuck 9, as shown in FIG. 8(A). The second chuck 11 is opened, the second main spindle 3 is moved forward in the Z2 direction, and the second chuck 11 is closed, whereby the gripping position of the bar 33 by the second main spindle 3 is changed.

When the gripping position changing means changes the gripping position of the bar 33 by the second spindle 3, the residual material processing means selects the cut-off tool bit as the tool 24 in step S15 as shown in FIG. 8B. And then cut off. In step S16, the residual material processing means performs secondary processing on the product 37 that has been primary processed and has been handed over to the second spindle 3 and carried over, as shown in FIG. 9A, and after the secondary processing is completed. In step S17, the processed product 40 is unloaded from the second spindle 3 as shown in FIG. 9(B).

After the processing of the product by the residual material processing means is completed, the bar material 33 remaining between the guide bush 28 and the first spindle 2 becomes the residual material 36. When a new bar material to be processed next is supplied as a new material from the bar feeder to the first spindle 2, the residual material 36 is pushed out from the tip of the guide bush 28 by the new material and discharged.

The control device 32 functions as a gripping defect detecting unit that detects a gripping defect of the first spindle 2 when the gripping position is changed by the gripping position changing unit by the operations of steps S2 to S4 in the flowchart of the residual material processing unit. ing. The operation of steps S11 to S13 in the flowchart of the residual material processing means is performed when the control device 32 functions as a defective grip detecting means and the first spindle 2 retracts by the secondary retract length and grips the bar 33. A poor grip is detected.

When the rotation of the first spindle 2 is not detected in step S4 and step S13, the residual material processing means determines that the rod 33 is not properly gripped by the first spindle 2, and ends the flow. In the automatic lathe 1, after the finger chuck 34 reaches the maximum advancing position A by the residual material processing means, the part 35 left between the guide bush 28 and the first spindle 2 of the bar 33 is processed as a material. Therefore, the residual material for one bar 33 can be reduced.

In the present automatic lathe 1, when the bar material 33 is processed by the residual material processing means, the gripping failure detection means detects the gripping failure of the bar material 33 by the first spindle 2. Therefore, the gripping failure state (empty chuck) is erroneously detected. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the inconvenience of performing the primary processing, and the processing of the bar 33 by the remaining material processing means is stably performed. The present gripping failure detection means does not require a dedicated sensor or the like for detecting a gripping failure, and simply and easily grips the first spindle 2 at low cost by the encoders 7 and 8 required for conventional processing control. Defects can be detected.

As shown in FIG. 10, when the grip failure detection means detects the grip failure of the first spindle 2 after the retraction of the first spindle 2 in step S10, and the rotation of the first spindle 2 is not detected in step S13. In step S18, the rod 33 is rotated by the second spindle 3, and in step S19, the second spindle 3 is moved in the Z2 direction. The residual material processing means can be configured to execute the primary processing remaining for the retreat length (L/2).

However, the remaining material can be shortened only when the rod 33 can be rotated by the second spindle 3. In the above-described embodiment, the finger chuck 34 is removed from the rod 33 after the grip failure of the first spindle 2 is detected by the grip failure detecting unit after the retraction of the first spindle 2 in step S1 and then the cut-off in step S6 is performed. Although it is executed before the machining, the removal of the finger chuck 34 from the rod 33 is performed after the first spindle 2 is retracted in step S10 and before the grip failure detection means detects the grip failure of the first spindle 2. Alternatively, the residual material processing means may be configured so as to be performed after detection of a grip failure.

1 ・・・ Automatic lathe (machine tool)
2... First spindle (spindle)
3... Second spindle (spindle)
4... 1st headstock (headstock)
6... 2nd headstock (headstock)
7... Encoder (rotation detecting means)
8 Encoder (rotation detecting means)
9... First chuck (chuck)
11 ... Second chuck (chuck)
12... First slide device 13... Second slide device 14... Guide rail 16 (along Z1 direction)... Guide rail 17 (along Z1 direction) 17... Bed 18... Guide rail 19 (along Z2 direction)... Guide rail 21 (along Z2 direction) Third slide device 22... Guide rail 23 (along X2 direction)... (X2 Guide rail 24 ・・・ Tool 25 ・・・ Moving table 26 ・・・ First tool post 27 ・・・ Support stand 28 ・・・ Guide bush 29 ・・・ Tool 31 ・・・ Second tool post Table 32 ・・・Control device (grip changing means, residual material processing means, gripping failure detection means)
33... Bar material 34... Finger chuck (bar material holding means)
35 ・・・A portion remaining between the guide bush of the bar and the first spindle 36 ・・・Remaining material 37 ・・・Primarily processed product 40 ・・・Processed product A ・・・ (Finger chuck Maximum advance position L... Primary processing length Z1... Axial direction Z2 of the first spindle Axial direction X1 of the second spindle A direction X2 that is orthogonal to the Z1 direction in the horizontal direction. A direction orthogonal to the Z2 direction in the horizontal direction Y1... A direction orthogonal to the Z1 direction and the X1 direction

Claims (4)

Two relatively movable first and second spindles (2, 3) having openable and closable first and second chucks (9, 11) are provided so as to be switchable between a free rotation state and a rotation drive state. the main shaft rotation detecting means for detecting the rotation of the (2,3) (7,8), before SL is gripped second chuck bars before Symbol second main spindle by the closing operation of the (33), wherein a first spindle before SL in the open state of the first chuck are relatively moved, the first chuck by closing operation at a predetermined movement position, wherein the bar by the main shaft (2, 3) of the (33) gripping A machine tool which is provided with a grip changing means for changing a position, and which carries out machining while sequentially feeding the bar (33) by the grip changing means,
Together it switches the first main spindle is gripped position has been changed by the gripping change means to rotate freely, the pre-Symbol second spindle rotatably driven, said by the rotation detecting means (7) for detecting the rotation of the first spindle A machine tool provided with gripping failure detection means for detecting a gripping failure of the first spindle when changing the gripping position based on the detected rotation state of the first spindle in the freely rotating state. Said bar member (33) is inserted from the rear end of the front Symbol first main spindle (2) to the first spindle (2) through the bar holding means for holding the rod member (33) (34) The machine tool according to claim 1. The grip changing means changes the grip position with respect to the bar (33) remaining on the first spindle (2) side with the bar holding means (34) moved to the most advanced position (A). The machine tool according to claim 2, which is performed. The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the bar member holding means (34) is removed from the bar material (33) when the gripping position is changed by the grip changing means.

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