JP6713409B2 - Gas hydrate recovery device and gas hydrate recovery method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is a gas hydrate recovery apparatus for collecting and recovering a massive gas hydrate at the bottom of water together with water at the bottom of the water for the purpose of melting the gas hydrate and taking out and recovering gas such as methane to the outside. The present invention relates to a gas hydrate recovery method, and more particularly, to a gas hydrate recovery device and a gas hydrate recovery method for efficiently melting gas hydrate.

Various gas hydrate recovery devices for recovering methane gas hydrate existing on the bottom of the sea or the bottom of the lake (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the water bottom) have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Patent Document 1 proposes a gas hydrate recovery device that moves the massive gas hydrate together with water at the bottom of the water to a floating facility to melt the massive gas hydrate and recover the generated gas. In the separator, the collected massive gas hydrate was mixed with surface water to collect the gas generated by melting the gas hydrate.

Sediment on the bottom of the water flows into the separator together with the massive gas hydrate. This earth and sand accumulate on the bottom of the separator, and the passage formed in the bottom of the separator is blocked. It is expected that each time the bottom passage of the separator is clogged with earth and sand, the gas hydrate recovery work must be interrupted to clean the inside of the separator. Therefore, it becomes difficult to continuously collect the gas hydrate for a long time.

Since the melting of gas hydrate is an endothermic reaction, the temperature of the surface water supplied from the upstream side of the separator decreases as it moves to the downstream side. Therefore, it is expected that the gas hydrate will not melt efficiently downstream of the separator.

The gas hydrate accumulated in the separator freezes the dissolved water of the gas hydrate and the seawater of the surrounding seawater due to the endothermic reaction when the gas hydrate decomposes, forming a large mass of gas hydrate and ice. May grow. When the gas hydrate forms a mass of ice, the gas hydrate has a small surface area and is difficult to melt. Therefore, it is expected that it will be difficult for the conventional separator to efficiently melt the gas hydrate.

JP, 2005-31097, A

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a gas hydrate recovery apparatus and a gas hydrate recovery method that can efficiently melt gas hydrate.

A gas hydrate recovery apparatus for achieving the above object, in a gas hydrate recovery apparatus including a gasification tank for recovering a massive gas hydrate collected from the water bottom together with water at the bottom of the water, wherein the gasification tank is A supply port for introducing the massive gas hydrate together with the water at the bottom into the gasification tank; a gas recovery unit for extracting the gas in the gasification tank to the outside; and a gas recovery unit arranged at the bottom of the gasification tank. An outlet for discharging the earth and sand collected together with the water on the bottom of the water to the outside, and a heating mechanism for supplying heat to the massive gas hydrate in the gasification tank, wherein the heating mechanism is , A water intake for collecting water in the gasification tank, a heater for heating water recovered from the water intake, and water heated by the heater is supplied from an upper part of the gasification tank A plurality of nozzle portions that are provided with a nozzle portion and are spaced apart from each other in the gasification tank, and the heating mechanism is installed in each of the plurality of nozzle portions and is supplied to the nozzle portion. And a flow rate control valve for controlling the flow rate of the generated water, respectively .

The gas hydrate recovery method for achieving the above-mentioned object is to collect a gas hydrate in a lump form from the water bottom in a gasification tank together with water at the bottom of the water, and collect a gas generated by melting the hydrated gas hydrate. In the gas recovery method, the supplying step of supplying the massive gas hydrate and earth and sand together with the water of the water bottom into the gasification tank, and separating the massive gas hydrate and earth and sand by a difference in specific gravity. A separation step, a melting step of melting the massive gas hydrate to generate a gas, a recovery step of extracting and recovering the gas inside the gasification tank to the outside, and the earth and sand separated in the separation step. And a discharge step of discharging the gasification tank to the outside.

According to the gas hydrate recovery apparatus and the gas hydrate recovery method of the present invention, since the earth and sand recovered together with the massive gas hydrate can be discharged from the gasification tank, the gasification tank is used continuously for a long time. be able to. This is advantageous for efficiently melting the gas hydrate.

It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the gas hydrate collection|recovery apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the gasification tank of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the gasification tank of FIG. 2 by AA arrow. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the gasification tank of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the gasification tank of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the modification of the gasification tank of FIG.

Hereinafter, a gas hydrate recovery apparatus and a gas hydrate recovery method of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, a gas hydrate recovery apparatus 1 of the present invention is an excavation mechanism for excavating a methane gas hydrate m existing on a water bottom 2 which is the bottom of a sea or a lake to collect a massive gas hydrate m. 3 and a riser pipe 4 that conveys the gas hydrate m collected by the excavation mechanism 3 upward from the vicinity of the water bottom 2.

The excavation mechanism 3 can be composed of, for example, a drill bit or an underwater heavy machine. The configuration of the excavation mechanism 3 is not limited to this, and may be any configuration that excavates the water bottom 2 and sends the massive gas hydrate m to the recovery port 4a at the lower end of the riser pipe 4.

The riser pipe 4 can be configured by, for example, a tubular body extending in the vertical direction. The recovery port 4a at the lower end of the riser pipe 4 is arranged near the water bottom 2.

The upper end of the riser pipe 4 is directly or indirectly connected to the gasification tank 5. The gasification tank 5 is installed in a structure 6 such as a ship or a floating body arranged near the water surface. The structure 6 in which the gasification tank 5 is installed is not limited to a ship or the like arranged near the water surface, but may be a land structure or a floating body arranged in water.

The gasification tank 5 has a function of gasifying the massive gas hydrate m. The gasification tank 5 includes a gas recovery section 7 for extracting the internal gas g to the outside, and a gas supply line 8 having one end connected to the gas recovery section 7. At the other end of the gas supply line 8, a storage tank for storing the gas g, a device for transporting the gas g, and a pipeline for transporting the gas g to the consumption area can be connected. In order to continuously supply the gas g to the gas supply line 8, the gasification tank 5 may have a function of storing a predetermined amount or more of the gas hydrate m.

A discharge pipe 9 extending toward the water bottom 2 is directly or indirectly connected to the gasification tank 5. The discharge pipe 9 is formed of, for example, a tubular body, and the lower end portion 9a is arranged near the water bottom 2. In the present specification, the vicinity of the water bottom refers to an area from the water bottom 2 up to about 10 m. The range in the vicinity of the water bottom is not limited to the above and can be set appropriately. The range near the water bottom may be, for example, a range up to 2 m from the water bottom 2 or a range up to 50 m from the water bottom 2.

The massive gas hydrate m excavated and collected by the excavation mechanism 3 at the water bottom 2 is sent to the recovery port 4 a at the lower end of the riser pipe 4. Since the gas hydrate m contains a gas resource such as methane gas and has a relatively small specific gravity, it moves upward in the riser pipe 4 by buoyancy.

Since the water pressure becomes smaller and the temperature becomes higher as it gets closer to the water surface, the gas hydrate m rising in the riser pipe 4 may be melted to generate bubbles of the gas g. Since the amount of bubbles increases toward the upper end of the riser pipe 4, the density of the fluid in the riser pipe 4 decreases toward the upper end.

Since the difference in specific gravity between the recovery port 4a and the upper end of the riser pipe 4 becomes large, an upward flow is generated in the riser pipe 4 due to this difference in specific gravity. The same effect as a so-called air lift pump occurs. Due to this rising flow, water and earth and sand (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as slurry) in the vicinity of the water bottom 2 are sucked up by the riser pipe 4 together with the massive gas hydrate m and collected in the gasification tank 5. A power source such as a pump may be installed in the riser pipe 4, or a gas may be blown into the riser pipe 4 to generate bubbles, so that an upflow is actively generated in the riser pipe 4. Good.

When the gas is blown into the riser pipe 4, a gas lift mechanism is installed to recover the gas g such as methane from the gasification tank 5 or the gas supply line 8 and supply the gas g into the riser pipe 4. Is desirable. This gas lift mechanism prevents other gases such as air from being mixed with the gas g recovered via the gas supply line 8, so that the quality of the recovered gas g can be easily maintained constant. Moreover, disasters such as combustion and explosion can be avoided.

Further, it is desirable that the gas lift mechanism is configured to supply the gas g from a position in the middle of the riser pipe 4 where the water depth is shallower than 300 m and includes 300 m. It is advantageous to avoid the problem that the gas g supplied to the inside of the riser pipe 4 regenerates the gas hydrate. It is possible to avoid the problem that the regenerated gas hydrate adheres to the inner wall surface of the riser pipe 4 to block the flow path or hinder the upward flow.

Further, the gas g supplied to the inside of the riser pipe 4 can be made to have a lower pressure than that of the gas g blown near the water bottom. Since the gas g blown into the riser has a low pressure, it is possible to prevent the bubbles of the gas g from becoming excessively large inside the riser pipe 4 and hindering the collection.

The water bottom 2 in which the gas hydrate m exists has a water depth of 400 m or more, for example, and the water temperature of the water bottom 2 is 5° C. or less. On the other hand, the temperature around the gasification tank 5 installed in the structure 6 such as a ship is about 20° C., for example. Since the temperature in the gasification tank 5 becomes relatively higher than that in the water bottom 2, the gas hydrate m melts in the gasification tank 5 to generate gas g. Further, the gas g generated by the melting of the gas hydrate m while flowing through the riser pipe 4 is recovered in the gasification tank 5.

The gas g such as methane in the gasification tank 5 is taken out from the gas recovery section 7 to a gas supply line 8 outside the gasification tank 5. The gas recovery unit 7 can be configured by, for example, a check valve that allows gas to move only from the inside of the gasification tank 5 to the outside.

The earth and sand inside the gasification tank 5 is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 9. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the accumulation of earth and sand inside the gasification tank 5. Since it is possible to suppress sedimentation and clogging of the gasification tank 5 inside the gasification tank 5 and to suppress the capacity of the gasification tank 5 from being accumulated due to sedimentation, it is possible to continuously operate the gasification tank 5 for a long time. .. This is advantageous for efficiently melting the gas hydrate m. In the present specification, the earth and sand refer to solids such as gravel and sand and mud collected from the water bottom 2 together with the gas hydrate m.

Since sediment is difficult to accumulate inside the gasification tank 5, the riser pipe 4 continuously collects the gas hydrate m for a long time, and the gasification tank 5 uses the discharge pipe 9 in parallel with the gasification. Sediment can be discharged continuously. That is, it becomes possible to continuously collect the gas hydrate m for a long time.

In the present invention, the structure for supplying the massive gas hydrate m to the gasification tank 5 is not limited to the riser pipe 4. It suffices that the gasification tank 5 be capable of supplying the massive gas hydrate m of the water bottom 2 to the gasification tank 5. For example, a bucket or the like may be used.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the gasification tank 5 is configured by a horizontal tank whose vertical length is set shorter than the horizontal long side length. In the figure, the flow direction of the slurry inside the gasification tank 5 is indicated by an arrow x, the cross direction intersecting the flow direction x in the horizontal plane is indicated by an arrow y, and the vertical direction is indicated by an arrow z. In the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the length in the flow direction x of the gasification tank 5 is the long side, and the length in the intersecting direction y is the short side.

The gasification tank 5 has a supply port 10 for guiding the massive gas hydrate m together with the water at the bottom 2 into the gasification tank 5. The supply port 10 is formed at a position relatively above the side surface of the gasification tank 5. The supply port 10 is preferably formed at a position higher than the average water level WL of water in the gasification tank 5.

The baffle plate 11 may be installed inside the gasification tank 5 and on an extension of the supply port 10. The baffle plate 11 is installed at a position where the slurry supplied to the inside of the gasification tank 5 from the supply port 10 and the gas hydrate m can collide.

The gasification tank 5 has a gas recovery unit 7 for extracting the gas g inside the gasification tank 5 to the outside. The gas recovery unit 7 is formed, for example, on the upper surface of the gasification tank 5.

The gasification tank 5 has a discharge port 12 that discharges water inside the gasification tank 5 and earth and sand accumulated on the bottom to the outside. The outlet 12 is formed on the bottom surface of the gasification tank 5. A discharge pipe 9 is connected to the discharge port 12. The water level in the gasification tank 5 may be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the water discharged from the discharge port 12.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the gasification tank 5 has a first inclined portion 13 which is formed on the bottom surface and is inclined downward along the flow direction x. The discharge port 12 is arranged near the lower end of the first inclined portion 13. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the gasification tank 5 has a second inclined portion 14 which is formed on the side surface and is inclined downward toward the discharge port 12 in the cross direction y.

The first sloping portion 13 and the second sloping portion 14 have a configuration that makes it easy to guide the sediment inside the gasification tank 5 to the discharge port 12 without depositing the sediment. In the present invention, the first inclined portion 13 and the second inclined portion 14 are not essential requirements. The gasification tank 5 may have another shape such as a curved surface on the bottom surface or side surface.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the gasification tank 5 may be provided with a heating mechanism 15 that supplies heat to the gas hydrate m inside the gasification tank 5. In this embodiment, the heating mechanism 15 is formed on a side surface of the gasification tank 5 and has a water intake 16 for collecting water inside and taking it out to the outside, and a heater 17 for heating water collected by the water intake 16. It has a nozzle part 18 for supplying water heated by the heater 17 from the upper part in the gasification tank 5. A pump may be installed in the middle of the pipe connecting the water intake 16 and the nozzle portion 18.

In this embodiment, the heater 17 is installed outside the gasification tank 5, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. The heater 17 may be installed inside the gasification tank 5 so that the water collected at the water intake 16 is heated and supplied to the nozzle portion 18.

In the present specification, the upper part in the gasification tank 5 refers to a position inside the gasification tank 5 and above the average water level WL. The nozzle portion 18 is installed inside the gasification tank 5 at a position where it will not be submerged in water.

A screen 19 may be installed in the vicinity of the water intake port 16 for blocking the inflow of solid matter such as the lumped gas hydrate m. The screen 19 may have a structure that allows water to pass through while blocking the passage of solids. For example, it can be configured by a wire mesh or the like.

The heater 17 is composed of, for example, a heater that heats water passing through by supplying electricity, a heat exchanger that heats water passing through the pipe by circulating surface water having a relatively high temperature as a heat medium, and the like. You can The configuration of the heater 17 is not limited to the above, as long as the water collected at the water intake 16 can be heated.

The nozzle portion 18 has a configuration in which, for example, a plurality of openings are formed in a pipe, and water heated from the openings is supplied from the upper side to the lower side in the gasification tank 5. The nozzle portion 18 may have a configuration having only one opening. In this embodiment, a plurality of nozzles 18 are arranged inside the gasification tank 5 along the flow direction at intervals. A flow control valve 20 is installed in each pipe from the heater 17 to each nozzle portion 18.

A baffle plate may be installed on an extension of the opening of the nozzle portion 18. The heated water supplied from the opening of the nozzle part 18 collides with the baffle plate and drops to the water surface inside the gasification tank 5 in a state where the size of the droplet is reduced. With this configuration, the movement of the water in the vertical direction z inside the gasification tank 5 can be made relatively slow.

By slowing the movement of the water in the vertical direction z inside the gasification tank 5, it becomes easy to float the gas hydrate m in the water on the water surface. That is, the separation of the gas hydrate m due to the difference in specific gravity can be promoted. Specifically, in order to promote the floating of the gas hydrate m having a specific gravity of 0.91 and a diameter of 1 mm or more, it is desirable that the flow velocity in the vertical direction z of the gasification tank 5 be 1 cm/sec or less.

The baffle plate arranged on the extension line of the opening of the nozzle portion 18 can be formed of, for example, a flat plate, a perforated plate, a louver, a wire mesh, or the like. When the nozzle portion 18 has a plurality of openings, it is desirable to arrange the baffle plate so that the heated water supplied from all the openings can collide with the baffle plate.

The configuration of the heating mechanism 15 is not limited to the above. You may make it the structure which installs the heater 17 in the piping which reaches each nozzle part 18, respectively. That is, the temperature of water supplied to each nozzle 18 may be changed. Further, the number of nozzles 18 installed in the gasification tank 5 may be one.

The monitoring mechanism 21 for monitoring the state of the massive gas hydrate m inside the gasification tank 5 may be installed in the gasification tank 5. The monitoring mechanism 21 can be composed of, for example, a camera installed inside the gasification tank 5 and an image processor for processing an image acquired by this camera. The monitoring mechanism 21 can measure the position, size, and distribution of the massive gas hydrate m floating in the water inside the gasification tank 5.

The monitoring mechanism 21 is not limited to the above configuration, and may be any configuration that can measure the position and size of the gas hydrate m in the flow direction x and the crossing direction y. The monitoring mechanism 21 is installed inside the gasification tank 5, for example, a laser scanner that measures the distance by irradiating the gas hydrate m with a laser beam, an ultrasonic measuring device that measures the distance by ultrasonic waves, or gasification. It can be configured by an X-ray device installed outside the tank 5 to measure the position of the gas hydrate m and the like by X-ray.

The control mechanism 22 for controlling the flow rate control valve 20 may be installed in the gasification tank 5 according to the state of the gas hydrate m obtained from the monitoring mechanism 21. By controlling the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 20, it is possible to increase the flow rate of the hot water injected from a certain nozzle section 18 or decrease the flow rate of the hot water injected from another nozzle section.

Further, the temperature of the hot water may be adjusted by the heater 17 according to the state of the gas hydrate m obtained from the monitoring mechanism 21. By controlling both the flow rate control valve 20 and the heater 17 according to the state of the gas hydrate m obtained from the monitoring mechanism 21, the flow rate and the temperature of the hot water injected from the nozzle section 18 can be controlled. it can. The control mechanism 22 is connected to the monitoring mechanism 21 and the flow rate control valve 20 via a wired or wireless signal line. In FIG. 2, signal lines are indicated by alternate long and short dash lines for the sake of explanation.

In the present invention, the monitoring mechanism 21 and the control mechanism 22 are not essential requirements. The gasification tank 5 may be configured without the monitoring mechanism 21 and the control mechanism 22.

The gasification tank 5 may be provided with a first injection mechanism 23 that is installed on the bottom surface of the gasification tank 5 and generates a water flow toward the discharge port 12. When the gasification tank 5 has the first inclined portion 13, the first injection mechanism 23 can be installed near the upper end of the first inclined portion 13. The first injection mechanism 23 may have a configuration in which the water to be injected generates a water flow toward the outlet 12, and may be installed, for example, at a position moved upward from the bottom surface of the gasification tank 5. The number of the first injection mechanisms 23 installed in the gasification tank 5 may be one or plural.

The gasification tank 5 may be configured to include a second injection mechanism 24 near the discharge port 12 of the gasification tank 5 to generate a water flow in a direction opposite to the discharge port 12. The 2nd injection mechanism 24 can be installed in the bottom face of the gasification tank 5 in the state which produces a water flow upwards, for example. The number of the second injection mechanism 24 installed in the gasification tank 5 may be one or plural.

The 1st injection mechanism 23 and the 2nd injection mechanism 24 can inject the water collect|recovered from the water intake 16, for example. A pump may be installed in the middle of the pipe that connects the first injection mechanism 23 and the second injection mechanism 24 to the water intake 16. The first jetting mechanism 23 and the second jetting mechanism 24 may be configured to take in surrounding water and jet it. Note that, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the directions of water injection by the first injection mechanism 23 and the second injection mechanism are shown by outline arrows for explanation.

The slurry pump 25 may be installed in the middle of the discharge pipe 9. The slurry pump 25 facilitates discharging the earth and sand inside the gasification tank 5 together with water to the outside. Water and earth and sand in the gasification tank 5 can be returned to the water bottom 2 by the discharge pipe 9. Since water and earth and sand collected from the water bottom 2 can be returned to the water bottom 2, it is advantageous to suppress changes in the underwater environment due to movement of earth and sand and the like.

When recovering the gas hydrate m by the gas hydrate recovery device 1, first, a slurry consisting of water at the bottom 2 of the water, massive gas hydrate m and earth and sand is supplied into the gasification tank 5 from the supply port 10. (Supply process).

When the baffle plate 11 is installed, the massive gas hydrate m collides with the baffle plate 11. By colliding with the baffle plate 11, the massive gas hydrate m can be destroyed and reduced in size. This facilitates melting of the gas hydrate m.

Further, by causing the slurry to collide with the baffle plate 11, the gas hydrate m spreads in the gasification tank 5, which facilitates melting. The slurry collides with the baffle plate 11 and drops onto the water surface inside the gasification tank 5 in a state where the size of the droplet is reduced. Therefore, the movement of the water in the vertical direction z inside the gasification tank 5 can be made relatively slow.

The slurry supplied into the gasification tank 5 is separated by the difference in specific gravity (separation step). Since the gas hydrate m has a smaller specific gravity than water, it floats near the water surface. Inside the gasification tank 5, a flow is generated along the flow direction x due to the supply of the slurry. Therefore, the gas hydrate m floating on the water surface easily collects at a position far from the supply port 10. In FIG. 2, the gas hydrate m is likely to collect on the right side of FIG.

Since the specific gravity of earth and sand is larger than that of water, it sediments on the bottom of the gasification tank 5. When the gasification tank 5 has at least one of the first inclined portion 13 and the second inclined portion 14, the earth and sand move toward the discharge port 12.

The water in the gasification tank 5 is sent from the water intake 16 to the heater 17. The water heated by the heater 17 is jetted from the nozzle portion 18 to the gas hydrate m floating on the water surface. The gas hydrate m is melted by heated water and decomposed into water and gas g (melting step).

The gas hydrate m exists in the gasification tank 5 in a state of floating on the water surface, and is melted by water supplied from above. Although heat is taken from the water supplied from the upper part and the water around the gas hydrate m as the gas hydrate m melts, water is drawn from the intake 16 at a position lower than the gas hydrate m floating on the water surface. Since water is recovered, it is possible to take in water after the heat exchange with the gas hydrate m is completed. That is, the heating mechanism 15 does not need to heat the entire amount of water in the gasification tank 5, and only the gas hydrate m and the water around the gas hydrate m are used while being circulated while being heated. Therefore, the thermal efficiency when melting the gas hydrate m can be improved.

The heating mechanism 15 has a configuration in which water in the gasification tank 5 is circulated and does not utilize external water such as surface water. Therefore, it is possible to avoid mixing surface water with the water on the bottom 2. This is advantageous for suppressing environmental changes in the bottom 2 such as movement of microorganisms.

When the gas hydrate recovery device 1 has a plurality of nozzles 18 and a flow control valve 20, a position for supplying heated water in the gasification tank 5 under the control of the flow control valve 20. Can be adjusted. Since the gas hydrate m moves from the supply port 10 along the flow direction x, the amount of the gas hydrate m floating on the water surface increases with increasing distance from the supply port 10.

Therefore, for example, the amount of water to be jetted can be controlled to increase in the nozzle portion 18 installed farther from the supply port 10 along the flow direction x. Since the amount of heat supplied can be adjusted for each position in the flow direction x inside the gasification tank 5, it is advantageous for efficiently melting the gas hydrate m.

When the gas hydrate recovery apparatus 1 includes the control mechanism 22, the control mechanism 22 can control, for example, to change the amount of water jetted from each nozzle portion 18 every predetermined time. Further, the amount of water injected by the control mechanism 22 may be adjusted according to the excavation state of the excavation mechanism 3 on the water bottom 2.

Specifically, when the amount of gas hydrate m recovered by the excavation mechanism 3 is not so large, the amount of water injected from the nozzle unit 18 is suppressed, and the amount of gas hydrate m recovered is increased as the amount of gas hydrate m recovered increases. You may perform the control which increases the amount of water to do. It is advantageous to improve the thermal efficiency inside the gasification tank 5.

When the gas hydrate recovery apparatus 1 includes the monitoring mechanism 21, the flow rate of water supplied from the nozzle unit 18 is appropriately changed according to the distribution state of the gas hydrate m inside the gasification tank 5. be able to. That is, the distribution of the amount of heat to be supplied can be appropriately changed according to the distribution state of the gas hydrate m and the like. For example, it is possible to control to inject a large amount of heated water to a place where the amount of the gas hydrate m floating on the water surface is large. It is further advantageous to efficiently melt the gas hydrate m.

When the gas hydrate recovery apparatus 1 is provided with a plurality of heaters 17 respectively arranged in the pipes leading to the nozzle portions 18, the temperature of water supplied to each nozzle portion 18 can be changed appropriately. Since the distribution of the amount of heat supplied to the inside of the gasification tank 5 can be controlled, the gas hydrate m can be efficiently melted. Both the flow rate and the temperature of the water supplied from the nozzle unit 18 may be controlled, or one of them may be controlled.

The gas g inside the gasification tank 5 is recovered from the gas recovery unit 7 (recovery step). The gas g includes, in addition to the gas g generated from the gas hydrate m that melts in the gasification tank 5, the gas g that is generated by melting the gas hydrate m in the middle of the riser pipe 4. In addition, the gas g dissolved in the water of the slurry may be moved into the gas phase inside the gasification tank 5 with the passage of time.

The sediment deposited inside the gasification tank 5 is discharged to the outside through the discharge port 12 together with water (discharging step). An on-off valve can be installed at the outlet 12, for example. Since the gasification tank 5 is provided with the discharge port 12, it is possible to avoid a problem that sediment is deposited in the gasification tank 5 and causes clogging or the like. The earth and sand may be discharged continuously or intermittently. For example, the discharge port 12 may be opened and closed at predetermined time intervals.

When the gasification tank 5 includes at least one of the first sloped portion 13 and the second sloped portion 14, the sediment moves to the vicinity of the discharge port 12 when accumulating on the bottom of the gasification tank 5, The earth and sand can be efficiently discharged from the discharge port 12. It is advantageous for avoiding blockage due to sediment.

When the gasification tank 5 includes the first injection mechanism 23, water can be injected from the first injection mechanism 23 to forcibly move the earth and sand deposited on the bottom surface to the discharge port 12. The injection of water by the first injection mechanism 23 may be performed continuously or intermittently. It is advantageous to suppress the accumulation of earth and sand inside the gasification tank 5. Since cleaning or the like for removing soil is almost unnecessary, the gas hydrate recovery apparatus 1 can be continuously operated for a long time.

When the gasification tank 5 is provided with the second injection mechanism 24, by injecting water from the second injection mechanism 24, it is possible to remove the sediment deposited in the vicinity of the discharge port 12 (blocking prevention step). The injection of water by the second injection mechanism 24 may be performed continuously or intermittently. This is advantageous for suppressing the problem that the discharge port 12 is clogged with earth and sand.

Further, when the water jetted from the second jetting mechanism 24 is jetted upward, the slurry in the gasification tank 5 can be stirred. For example, the surrounding water can be cooled and re-frozen, and at the same time, the gas hydrates m aggregated into a large mass can be crushed by stirring. Since the gas hydrate m is finely crushed to increase the surface area, it is advantageous for efficiently melting the gas hydrate m.

The rotation direction of the slurry pump 25 installed in the discharge pipe 9 may be controlled by the control mechanism 22. That is, the control mechanism 22 can switch the rotation direction of the slurry pump 25 between normal rotation and reverse rotation. When discharging the earth and sand, the slurry pump 25 is normally rotated so that the flow from the discharge port 12 toward the discharge pipe 9 is realized by the slurry pump 25 (normal rotation control).

On the other hand, when the rotation direction of the slurry pump 25 is reversed, water flows from the discharge pipe 9 toward the gasification tank 5 (reverse control). By this flow, like the second injection mechanism 24, it is possible to remove the earth and sand accumulated in the discharge port 12 and agitate the slurry in the gasification tank 5 (blocking prevention step).

The sediment monitoring mechanism 26 that monitors the state of sediment inside the gasification tank 5 may be installed in the gasification tank 5. The sediment monitoring mechanism 26 can be composed of, for example, a camera installed on the bottom surface of the gasification tank 5 and an image processor for processing an image acquired by this camera. The sediment monitoring mechanism 26 can measure the position, amount and distribution of the sediment accumulated on the bottom surface of the gasification tank 5.

The sediment monitoring mechanism 26 is not limited to the above-mentioned configuration, and may have a configuration capable of measuring the amount of sediment deposited on the bottom surface of the gasification tank 5. The sediment monitoring mechanism 26 is installed on the bottom of the gasification tank 5, for example, a laser scanner that irradiates the sediment with laser light to measure the distance, or is installed outside the gasification tank 5 to locate the location of the sediment by X-rays. X-ray equipment for measuring The sediment monitoring mechanism 26 may be shared with the monitoring mechanism 21 that measures the state of the gas hydrate m. That is, the monitoring mechanism 21 may be configured to measure both the state of the gas hydrate m and the state of the earth and sand.

A sediment control mechanism 27 is installed in the gasification tank 5 to control the jetting and stopping of the jetting of at least one of the first jetting mechanism 23 and the second jetting mechanism 24 according to the state of the sand obtained from the sediment monitoring mechanism 26. It may be configured to. The sediment control mechanism 27 can be configured to, for example, inject water from the first injection mechanism 23 to positively move the sediment to the discharge port 12 when the amount of sediment deposited exceeds a predetermined value.

When sediment deposition at the discharge port 12 is measured by the sediment monitoring mechanism 26, the sediment control mechanism 27 can inject water from the second injection mechanism 24 to remove the sediment in the vicinity of the discharge port 12. The rotation direction of the slurry pump 25 may be controlled by the sediment control mechanism 27 according to the state of the sediment obtained from the sediment monitoring mechanism 26.

Since the first injection mechanism 23 and the like are controlled according to the state of the sediment, it becomes easy to efficiently discharge the sediment from the inside of the gasification tank 5 to the outside. Further, it is advantageous to avoid the problem that the discharge port 12 is blocked by the earth and sand.

The sediment control mechanism 27 is connected to the sediment monitoring mechanism 26, the first injection mechanism 23, the second injection mechanism 24, and the slurry pump 25 by a wired or wireless signal line. In FIG. 2, signal lines are indicated by alternate long and short dash lines for the sake of explanation.

The sediment control mechanism 27 may be shared with the control mechanism 22. That is, the control mechanism 22 may control the flow control valve 20 and the first injection mechanism 23.

In the present invention, the sediment monitoring mechanism 26 and the sediment control mechanism 27 are not essential requirements. The gasification tank 5 may not have the sediment monitoring mechanism 26 and the sediment control mechanism 27.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, a gravel damming plate 28 may be installed at the bottom of the gasification tank 5 to prevent passage of gravel contained in the earth and sand. The gravel stop plate 28 is erected upward from the bottom of the gasification tank 5.

In this embodiment, the gasification tank 5 includes a first discharge port 12a for discharging gravel, which is blocked by the gravel damming plate 28, to the outside of the gasification tank 5, the first discharge port 12a, and the discharge pipe 9. And a slurry pump 25a installed in the middle of the pipeline between them. A first inclined portion 13 is formed on the bottom surface located between the supply port 10 and the gravel damming plate 28 so as to be inclined downward toward the first discharge port 12a.

The gasification tank 5 has a second discharge port 12b for discharging the sand and mud passing through the gravel stop plate 28 to the outside of the gasification tank 5 and a conduit between the second discharge port 12b and the discharge pipe 9. And a slurry pump 25b installed in the. On the bottom surface located between the gravel damming plate 28 and the second discharge port 12b, a first inclined portion 13 that is inclined downward toward the second discharge port 12b is formed. The number of installed gravel stop plates 28 and discharge ports 12 is not limited to the above. A plurality of gravel stop plates 28 and a plurality of outlets 12 may be installed in the gasification tank 5. When a plurality of outlets 12 are installed, a plurality of first inclined portions 13 each having a downward inclination toward each outlet 12 may be formed.

In the present specification, gravel refers to a crushed product having a particle size of 2 mm or more, and sand mud refers to a crushed product having a particle size of less than 2 mm. Therefore, the gravel damming plate 28 can be composed of, for example, a wire mesh having an opening of 2 mm. The size of the openings of the gravel damming plate 28 can be appropriately changed. For example, the wire mesh may have a mesh of 1 mm.

According to this configuration, gravel having a particle size of 2 mm or more is discharged from the first discharge port 12a (gravel processing step), and only sand and mud having a particle size of less than 2 mm is discharged from the second discharge port 12b (sand). Mud treatment process). Since the properties of the respective slurries passing through the first discharge port 12a and the second discharge port 12b are stable, it is easy to optimize the slurry pumps 25a and 25b corresponding to the respective properties. It is advantageous to efficiently discharge the earth and sand from the inside of the gasification tank 5. The gravel treatment step and the sand and mud treatment step can be performed independently of each other.

By installing the gravel damming plate 28, it is possible to suppress the rocking of water inside the gasification tank 5 and suppress the occurrence of sloshing. With the suppression of sloshing, the movement of water in the vertical direction z in the gasification tank 5 can be made relatively slow. The gravel stop plate 28 can be used as a member for reinforcing the strength of the gasification tank 5.

A safety valve 29 may be installed to release the internal gas to the outside when the internal pressure of the gasification tank 5 exceeds a predetermined value. The safety valve 29 can be installed on or near the upper surface of the gasification tank 5. Even if a problem occurs that a large amount of gas is supplied from the supply port 10 to the inside of the gasification tank 5 together with the slurry, the pressure inside the gasification tank 5 can be lowered by the safety valve 29. It is advantageous to avoid damage to the gasification tank 5.

The heating mechanism 15 may be configured by a jacket 15a installed on the outer peripheral surface of the gasification tank 5, for example. The slurry inside the gasification tank 5 can be heated by the jacket 15a. The jacket 15a may be installed on the inner peripheral surface of the gasification tank 5. The heating mechanism 15 having the nozzle portion 18 and the jacket 15a may be installed in combination. While effectively melting the gas hydrate m by the heating mechanism 15 having the nozzle portion 18, the occurrence of the problem that the gas hydrate m is attached to the inner wall surface of the gasification tank 5 by the jacket 15a to grow ice is suppressed. be able to.

The jacket 15a may be configured to circulate a heat medium such as surface water. The jacket 15a may be composed of a heater that is heated by the supply of electricity.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the gasification tank 5 may be configured by a vertical tank in which the length in the vertical direction z is set to be longer than the length in the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the upper portion of the gasification tank 5 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the lower portion is formed in a truncated cone shape whose diameter decreases downward. According to this configuration, the entire bottom surface of the gasification tank 5 is formed by the inclined portion, which is advantageous for suppressing sedimentation.

Even when the gasification tank 5 is a vertical tank, the second injection mechanism 24 can be installed near the discharge port 12. It is advantageous to suppress the blockage of the discharge pipe 9. In this embodiment, the two second injection mechanisms 24 are the bottom surface of the gasification tank 5 and are arranged near the discharge port 12.

In this embodiment, a wave-dissipating plate 30 that blocks the movement of water in the horizontal direction is arranged below the supply port 10. The wave-eliminating plate 30 can be configured by plate-shaped members that extend in the up-down direction z and are combined in a lattice shape in a plan view, for example. The wave-eliminating plate 30 allows water to pass through, such as a perforated plate or a wire net, but may have a structure capable of absorbing the shock of waves. Since the fluctuation of water inside the gasification tank 5 can be suppressed, even if the gasification tank 5 is installed in a ship that is easily rocked by waves, the difference in specific gravity between the gas hydrate m and the sediment. The separation by can be performed stably. Further, the strength of the gasification tank 5 which is a relatively large structure can be reinforced by the wave-eliminating plate 30.

The average water level WL is maintained above the upper end of the wave-eliminating plate 30. Therefore, the gas hydrate m floating in the water flows and gathers at a position away from the supply port 10. One nozzle portion 18 is arranged above the position where the gas hydrates m gather. A plurality of nozzles 18 may be arranged.

When taking out the gas g from the gas recovery part 7, it is desirable to maintain the internal pressure of the gasification tank 5 higher than the external pressure (atmospheric pressure). It is advantageous to suppress the instability of the quality of the gas g due to the air flowing into the gasification tank 5 and mixing the air with the gas g.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the gasification tank 5 may be composed of two vertical tanks. In this embodiment, the gasification tank 5 is composed of a tank that constitutes the separation section 5a and a tank that constitutes the melting section 5b. The separation unit 5a has a supply port 10 for supplying the slurry and a discharge port 12 for discharging earth and sand to the outside. The wave-eliminating plate 30 may be installed in the separating portion 5a.

The melting unit 5b has a water intake 16 that constitutes the heating mechanism 15, a heater 17, and a nozzle unit 18. On the upper surface of the melting part 5b, a gas recovery part 7 is arranged to take out the gas g generated inside to the outside. The melting section 5b may have a discharge port 12 on the bottom surface for precipitating the earth and sand which cannot be completely separated by the separating section 5a and discharging the sediment. Even if the recovery of the gas hydrate m from the water bottom 2 is interrupted for a short time, in order to continuously supply the gas g to the gas supply line 8, a predetermined amount or more of the gas hydrate m is melted to a size capable of being stored. The part 5b may be configured. That is, the melting portion 5b may have a function of storing the gas hydrate m. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the second injection mechanism 24 may be installed near each outlet 12 of the separation section 5a and the melting section 5b.

An overflow pipe 31 is arranged between the separating section 5a and the melting section 5b. The overflow pipe 31 has one end connected to the vicinity of the average water level WL of the separation part 5a and the other end connected to above the average water level WL of the melting part 5b. The overflow pipe 31 is arranged such that the end portion on the separation portion 5a side is higher than the end portion on the melting portion 5b side, and the gas hydrate m is melted by the overflow in the separation portion 5a. It has a configuration of flowing into the portion 5b. For example, the water level of each of the separation section 5a and the melting section 5b may be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of water discharged from each of the discharge ports 12 of the separation section 5a and the melting section 5b.

The separation unit 5a has a structure in which the slurry supplied from the supply port 10 is separated by a specific gravity difference. The gas hydrate m floating on the water surface in the separation section 5a moves to the melting section 5b via the overflow pipe 31 together with water. The gas hydrate m is moved from the separation unit 5 a to the overflow pipe 31 by the flow of the slurry supplied from the supply port 10.

The gas hydrate m may be mechanically moved from the separation unit 5a to the overflow pipe 31 with a scraper or the like. Also in the separation part 5a, the gas g dissolved in the slurry and the gas g generated by melting the gas hydrate m are accumulated in the upper part, so that it is desirable to form the gas recovery part 7 on the upper surface.

The water that moves to the melting portion 5b together with the gas hydrate m is recovered from the water intake 16, heated, and jetted from the nozzle portion 18 to the gas hydrate m. A pump may be installed in the middle of the pipe connecting the water intake 16 and the nozzle portion 18.

Since the melting unit 5b is configured by a tank different from the separating unit 5a, the heat of water supplied from the nozzle unit 18 does not transfer to the slurry of the separating unit 5a. It is advantageous to efficiently apply the heat supplied from the heating mechanism 15 to the gas hydrate m.

It is also possible to arrange a separating wall extending in the vertical direction inside one gasification tank 5 to separate it into a separating portion 5a and a melting portion 5b. In this case, an opening for moving the gas hydrate m from the separating part 5a to the melting part 5b can be formed in the isolation wall. In addition, by arranging the discharge ports 12 on the bottom surfaces of the separation unit 5a and the melting unit 5b and adjusting the flow rate of the water discharged from each discharge port 12, the water level of the separation unit 5a and the melting unit 5b is adjusted. It may be configured to. With this configuration, it is possible to raise the water level of the separation portion 5a and cause the separation portion 5a to overflow from the upper portion of the isolation wall to the melting portion 5b, and move the gas hydrate m to the melting portion 5b.

1 Gas Hydrate Recovery Device 2 Water Bottom 3 Excavation Mechanism 4 Riser Pipe 4a Recovery Port 5 Gasification Tank 5a Separation Section 5b Melting Section 6 Structure 7 Gas Recovery Section 8 Gas Supply Line 9 Discharge Pipe 9a Lower End 10 Supply Port 11 Baffle Plate 12 outlet 12a 1st outlet 12b 2nd outlet 13 1st inclination part 14 2nd inclination part 15 heating mechanism 15a jacket 16 water intake 17 heater 18 nozzle part 19 screen 20 flow control valve 21 monitoring mechanism 22 control mechanism 23 First injection mechanism 24 Second injection mechanism 25 Slurry pump 25a Slurry pump 25b Slurry pump 26 Sediment monitoring mechanism 27 Sediment control mechanism 28 Gravel baffle plate 29 Safety valve 30 Wave breaker plate 31 Overflow pipe m Gas hydrate g Gas x flow direction y crossing Direction z Vertical WL Average water level

Claims (10)

In a gas hydrate recovery device comprising a gasification tank for recovering a massive gas hydrate collected from the water bottom together with water on the water bottom,
The gasification tank, a supply port for guiding the massive gas hydrate together with the water at the bottom to the inside of the gasification tank, a gas recovery unit for extracting the gas in the gasification tank to the outside, and the gasification A discharge mechanism is provided at the bottom of the tank for discharging earth and sand collected together with the water on the bottom of the water to the outside, and a heating mechanism for supplying heat to the massive gas hydrate in the gasification tank. ,
The heating mechanism has a water intake for collecting water in the gasification tank, a heater for heating water recovered from the water intake, and water heated by the heater in the gasification tank. With a nozzle part that supplies from the top,
The heating mechanism has a plurality of nozzles arranged at intervals in the gasification tank, and a flow rate of water supplied to the nozzles respectively installed in the plurality of nozzles. A gas hydrate recovery device comprising: a flow control valve for controlling . A monitoring mechanism for monitoring the state of the massive gas hydrate inside the gasification tank, and a control mechanism for controlling the plurality of flow rate control valves according to the state of the massive gas hydrate obtained from the monitoring mechanism. The gas hydrate recovery apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising: The gasification tank is provided with a separation unit that includes the supply port and the discharge port and separates the massive gas hydrate from the water at the bottom of the water, and the water intake port and the nozzle unit that configure the heating mechanism. The gas hydrate recovery apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising a melting section to which the block-shaped gas hydrate separated by the separation section is supplied. The gas hydrate recovery apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , further comprising a baffle plate that is disposed inside the gasification tank and that collides the massive gas hydrate supplied from the supply port. In a gas hydrate recovery device comprising a gasification tank for recovering a massive gas hydrate collected from the water bottom together with water on the water bottom,
A riser pipe that extends from the gasification tank toward the water bottom and sucks the massive gas hydrate collected at the water bottom together with the water at the water bottom, and a gas collected from the gasification tank of the riser pipe. It has a gas lift mechanism to supply inside,
The gasification tank, a supply port for guiding the massive gas hydrate together with the water at the bottom to the inside of the gasification tank, a gas recovery unit for extracting the gas in the gasification tank to the outside, and the gasification And a discharge port disposed at the bottom of the tank for discharging earth and sand collected together with the water on the bottom of the tank,
The gas hydrate recovery apparatus is characterized in that the gas lift mechanism has a configuration for supplying the gas to a position where the water depth is shallower than 300 m in the middle of the riser pipe . In the gas recovery method, the bulk gas hydrate is collected from the water bottom together with water at the bottom in a gasification tank, and the gas generated by melting of the bulk gas hydrate is collected.
A supplying step of supplying the gas hydrate and earth and sand in a lump form into the gasification tank together with the water on the bottom of the water,
A separation step of separating the gas hydrate and the earth and sand in a lump form by a difference in specific gravity,
A melting step of melting the mass of gas hydrate to generate gas,
A collection step of collecting and recovering the gas inside the gasification tank to the outside,
And a discharging step of discharging the earth and sand separated in the separating step to the outside of the gasification tank. The gas recovery method according to claim 6 , wherein the melting step takes in water in the gasification tank, heats the water, and then supplies the water from an upper portion of the gasification tank. By installing a plurality of nozzles that supply water heated from the gasification tank from the upper part of the gasification tank,
The melting step monitors the state of the massive gas hydrate in the gasification tank, and controls the flow rate of the water supplied from each of the nozzles according to the state of the gas hydrate. The gas recovery method according to claim 7 . By forming a separation part and a melting part in the gasification tank,
By separating the block-shaped gas hydrate and the earth and sand in the separation unit, discharging the earth and sand to the outside of the gasification tank and supplying the block-shaped gas hydrate to the melting unit,
The gas recovery method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 , wherein the generated gas is recovered while the massive gas hydrate is melted in the melting part. And said gas hydrate and the sediment mass with water in the sea bed when supplying into the gasifying tank, according to impinge the gas hydrate mass in the baffle plate located in the interior of the gasification tank Item 10. A gas recovery method according to any one of items 6 to 9 .

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