JP6679738B2 - スパーキャップおよび製造方法 - Google Patents
スパーキャップおよび製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6679738B2 JP6679738B2 JP2018539284A JP2018539284A JP6679738B2 JP 6679738 B2 JP6679738 B2 JP 6679738B2 JP 2018539284 A JP2018539284 A JP 2018539284A JP 2018539284 A JP2018539284 A JP 2018539284A JP 6679738 B2 JP6679738 B2 JP 6679738B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- fiber composite
- layers
- spar cap
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
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- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Landscapes
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
Description
より詳しくは、前記第1の視点において、風力発電装置のロータブレード用のスパーキャップであって、第1の端部から第2の端部に至る長手伸長部と、該長手伸長部に対して直交する横伸長部と、前記長手伸長部および横伸長部に対して直交する厚さと、第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層と、第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層と、を備え、前記第1の繊維複合材料は、前記第2の繊維複合材料とは別のマトリクス材料および/または別の繊維を有し、前記第2の繊維複合材料は、前記第2の端部に隣接する部分において厚さの方向に前記第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層の間に配置されており、前記第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層は、前記第2の端部の前方で終端し、前記第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は、炭素繊維を含み、前記第1の繊維複合材料の繊維は、無機繊維を含む。
本発明の第2の視点によれば、前記第1の視点によるスパーキャップを備える、風力発電装置のロータブレートが提供される。
本発明の第3の視点によれば、タワー、ナセルおよびロータを備える風力発電装置において、前記ロータは、前記第1の視点によるスパーキャップを備える少なくとも1つのロータブレードを有し、および/または前記第2の視点による少なくとも1つのロータブレードを有する、ことを特徴とする風力発電装置が提供される。
本発明の第4の視点によれば、第1の端部から第2の端部に至る長手伸長部と、長手伸長部に対して直交する横伸長部と、長手伸長部および横伸長部に対して直交する厚さと、を備えるスパーキャップの製造方法が提供される。当該方法は、第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層を設置する工程と、第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層を、当該第2の繊維複合材料が一部分において第2の端部に隣接し、厚さの方向で第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層の間に配置され、第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層が第2の端部の前方で終端するように設置する工程と、を含み、前記第1の繊維材料は、前記第2の繊維複合材料とは別のマトリクス材料および/または別の繊維を有する。
より詳しくは、前記第4の視点において、第1の端部から第2の端部に至る長手伸長部と、該長手伸長部に対して直交する横伸長部と、前記長手伸長部および横伸長部に対して直交する厚さと、を備えるスパーキャップの製造方法であって、当該方法は、第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層を設置する工程と、第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層を、当該第2の繊維複合材料が前記第2の端部に隣接する部分において厚さの方向に前記第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層の間に配置され、前記第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層が前記第2の端部の前方で終端するように設置する工程と、を含み、前記第1の繊維材料は、前記第2の繊維複合材料とは別のマトリクス材料および/または別の繊維を有し、前記第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は、炭素繊維を含み、前記第1の繊維複合材料の繊維は、無機繊維を含む。
本発明の第5の視点によれば、前記第1の視点によるスパーキャップを取り付けることを含む、前記第2の視点に記載のロータブレードの製造方法が提供される。
なお、特許請求の範囲に付記した図面参照符号は専ら発明の理解を助けるためのものであり、本発明を図示の態様に限定することは意図していない。
(形態1)
前記第1の視点に記載のとおり。
(形態2)
第2の端部にある領域は、第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層を含む、好ましくは形態1に記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態3)
第1の繊維複合材料の層の数は、第2の端部に向かって減少する、好ましくは形態1又は2に記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態4)
第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層を備え、第2の繊維複合材料の層の数は、第2の端部に向かって減少する、好ましくは形態1から3のいずれかに記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態5)
第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも3つ以上の層および/または第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも3つ以上の層を備える、好ましくは形態1から4のいずれかに記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態6)
第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層は、対向する2つの外側を有し、該外側はそれぞれ、長手伸長部および横伸長部における層の平坦な広がりにより形成され、
第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層の両側には、第1の繊維複合材料の同数の層が配置されている、好ましくは形態1から5のいずれかに記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態7)
第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は炭素繊維を含み、または炭素繊維であり、および/または
第1の繊維複合材料の繊維は、無機繊維、とりわけガラス繊維を含み、または無機繊維である、好ましくは形態1から6のいずれかに記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態8)
第1の繊維複合材料および/または第2の繊維複合材料のマトリクス材料は、プラスチックを含み、またはプラスチックから作製され、
プラスチックは、好ましくは熱可塑性プラスチックおよび/または熱硬化性プラスチックを含み、またはそれから作製され、および/または
セメントを含み、またはセメントから作製され、および/または
コンクリートを含み、またはコンクリートから作製され、および/または
セラミックを含み、またはセラミックから作製される、好ましくは形態1から7のいずれかに記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態9)
第1の繊維複合材料の層および第2の繊維複合材料の層は、第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの外側層の間に配置されている、好ましくは形態1から8のいずれかに記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態10)
第1の繊維複合材料および/または第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は、実質的に長手伸長部の方向に対して平行に延在している、好ましくは形態1から9のいずれかに記載のスパーキャップ。
(形態11)
形態1から10のいずれかによるスパーキャップ、および/または
導電性シート層および雷保護システムの避雷装置を備え、前記導電性シート層は、避雷装置に導電接続を介して接続されている、
風力発電装置のロータブレード。
(形態12)
前記シート層は、ロータブレードの長手伸長部の方向に伸長部を有し、該伸長部は、好ましくはロータブレードの長手伸長部の最大で1/5、とりわけ最大で1/10または最大で1/20または最大で1/50であり、
前記シート層は、ロータブレードの長手伸長部の方向において、第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層が終端する領域を覆い、および/または
前記シート層は、ロータブレードの長手伸長部に対して横方向に測定したロータブレード壁の厚さの外側の半部分内に配置されており、とりわけ外側の3分の一または外側の4分の一または外側の10分の一または外側の50分の一または外側の100分の一に配置されており、および/または
前記シート層は、好ましくはロータブレードの設計に対して重要な支持特性を有しない繊維複合材料の1つまたは複数の層の上に配置されており、および/または
前記シート層は、予期される雷電流負荷に耐えるように配置および構成されており、および/または
前記シート層は、好ましくは規則的なパターンで配置された複数の切欠部および/または編み目を有する、好ましくは形態11に記載のロータブレード。
(形態13)
タワー、ナセルおよびロータを備える風力発電装置において、
前記ロータは、好ましくは形態1から10の少なくとも一形態によるスパーキャップを備える少なくとも1つのロータブレードを有し、および/または好ましくは形態11または12による少なくとも1つのロータブレードを有する、
ことを特徴とする風力発電装置。
(形態14)
第2の視点に記載のとおり。
(形態15)
第1の繊維複合材料の層の数は、第2の端部に向かって減少する、形態14に記載の方法。
(形態16)
第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層は、当該第2の繊維複合材料の層の数が第2の端部に向かって減少するように設置される、好ましくは形態14または15に記載のスパーキャップの製造方法。
(形態17)
好ましくは形態1から10の少なくとも一形態によるスパーキャップを取り付けること、および/または
導電性シート層を取り付けること、およびシート層を雷保護システムの避雷装置に導電接続を介して接続することを含む、
好ましくは形態11または12に記載のロータブレードの製造方法。
102 タワー
104 ナセル
106 ロータ
108 ロータブレード
110 スピナ
200 スパーキャップ
210 第1の端部
220 第2の端部
300 第1の繊維複合材料の層(単数または複数)
400 第2の繊維複合材料の層(単数又は複数)
410 軸方向戻し部の領域
501,502 レセプタ
510 ロータブレード先端
521 第1の繊維複合材料を備えるスパーキャップ
522 第1と第2の繊維複合材料を備えるスパーキャップ
530 導電性シート層
531 編み目
532 ウェブ
L 長手(長手方向)伸長部
Q 横(横方向)伸長部
D 厚さ(厚さ方向)
E ロータブレードの長手(方向)伸長部におけるシート層の伸長部(寸法)
TM 編み目の幅
LM 編み目の長さ
R ウェブの幅
T ウェブの厚さ
Claims (18)
- 風力発電装置(100)のロータブレード(108)用のスパーキャップ(200)であって、
第1の端部(210)から第2の端部(220)に至る長手伸長部(L)と、該長手伸長部(L)に対して直交する横伸長部(Q)と、前記長手伸長部(L)および横伸長部(Q)に対して直交する厚さ(D)と、
第1の繊維複合材料(300)の少なくとも2つの層と、
第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも1つの層と、を備え、
前記第1の繊維複合材料は、前記第2の繊維複合材料とは別のマトリクス材料および/または別の繊維を有し、
前記第2の繊維複合材料は、前記第2の端部(220)に隣接する部分において厚さ(D)の方向に前記第1の繊維複合材料の少なくとも2つの層の間に配置されており、
前記第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも1つの層は、前記第2の端部(220)の前方で終端し、
前記第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は、炭素繊維を含み、前記第1の繊維複合材料の繊維は、無機繊維を含む、スパーキャップ。 - 第2の端部(220)にある領域は、第1の繊維複合材料(300)の少なくとも1つの層を含む、請求項1に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。
- 第1の繊維複合材料(300)の層の数は、第2の端部(220)に向かって減少する、請求項1又は2に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。
- 第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも2つの層を備え、第2の繊維複合材料(400)の層の数は、第2の端部(220)に向かって減少する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。
- 第1の繊維複合材料(300)の少なくとも3つ以上の層および/または第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも3つ以上の層を備える、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。
- 第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも1つの層は、対向する2つの外側を有し、該外側はそれぞれ、長手伸長部(L)および横伸長部(Q)における層の平坦な広がりにより形成され、
第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも1つの層の両方の外側には、層数が互いに同数の第1の繊維複合材料(300)の層が配置されている、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。 - 第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は、炭素繊維であり、および/または
第1の繊維複合材料(300)の繊維は、無機繊維である、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。 - 第1の繊維複合材料および/または第2の繊維複合材料のマトリクス材料は、
プラスチックを含み、またはプラスチックから作製され、および/または
セメントを含み、またはセメントから作製され、および/または
コンクリートを含み、またはコンクリートから作製され、および/または
セラミックを含み、またはセラミックから作製される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。 - 第1の繊維複合材料(300)の層および第2の繊維複合材料(400)の層は、第1の繊維複合材料(300)の少なくとも2つの外側層の間に配置されている、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。
- 第1の繊維複合材料および/または第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は、実質的に長手伸長部(L)の方向に対して平行に延在している、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載のスパーキャップ(200)。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項によるスパーキャップ(200)を備える、風力発電装置(100)のロータブレード(108)。
- 導電性のシート層および雷保護システムの避雷装置を備え、導電性の前記シート層は、避雷装置に導電接続を介して接続されており、
前記シート層は、ロータブレードの長手伸長部の方向に伸長部を有し、および/または
前記シート層は、ロータブレードの長手伸長部の方向において、第2の繊維複合材料の少なくとも1つの層が終端する領域を覆い、および/または
前記シート層は、ロータブレードの長手伸長部に対して横方向に測定したロータブレード壁の厚さの外側の半部分内に配置されており、および/または
前記シート層は、繊維複合材料の1つまたは複数の層の上に配置されており、および/または
前記シート層は、予期される雷電流負荷に耐えるように配置および構成されており、および/または
前記シート層は、複数の切欠部および/または編み目を有する、請求項11に記載のロータブレード(108)。 - タワー(102)、ナセル(104)およびロータ(106)を備える風力発電装置において、
前記ロータ(106)は、請求項1から10の少なくとも一項によるスパーキャップを備える少なくとも1つのロータブレード(108)を有し、および/または請求項11または12による少なくとも1つのロータブレード(108)を有する、
ことを特徴とする風力発電装置。 - 第1の端部(210)から第2の端部(220)に至る長手伸長部(L)と、該長手伸長部(L)に対して直交する横伸長部(Q)と、前記長手伸長部(L)および横伸長部(Q)に対して直交する厚さ(D)と、を備えるスパーキャップ(200)の製造方法であって、
当該方法は、
第1の繊維複合材料(300)の少なくとも2つの層を設置する工程と、
第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも1つの層を、当該第2の繊維複合材料が前記第2の端部(220)に隣接する部分において厚さ(D)の方向に前記第1の繊維複合材料(300)の少なくとも2つの層の間に配置され、前記第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも1つの層が前記第2の端部(220)の前方で終端するように設置する工程と、を含み、
前記第1の繊維材料は、前記第2の繊維複合材料とは別のマトリクス材料および/または別の繊維を有し、
前記第2の繊維複合材料の繊維は、炭素繊維を含み、前記第1の繊維複合材料の繊維は、無機繊維を含む、
製造方法。 - 第1の繊維複合材料(300)の層の数は、第2の端部(220)に向かって減少する、請求項14に記載のスパーキャップ(200)の製造方法。
- 第2の繊維複合材料(400)の少なくとも2つの層は、当該第2の繊維複合材料(400)の層の数が第2の端部(220)に向かって減少するように設置される、請求項14または15に記載のスパーキャップ(200)の製造方法。
- 請求項1から10の少なくとも一項によるスパーキャップを取り付けることを含む、請求項11に記載のロータブレード(108)の製造方法。
- 導電性のシート層を取り付けること、および該シート層を雷保護システムの避雷装置に導電接続を介して接続することを含む、請求項17に記載の製造方法。
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