JP6678426B2 - Heat and wear resistant cast iron - Google Patents
Heat and wear resistant cast iron Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、耐エロージョン摩耗性及び耐熱性に優れた鋳鉄に関する。 The present invention relates to a cast iron having excellent erosion wear resistance and heat resistance.
近年、化石燃料の使用削減の試みとして、バイオマス資源の活用が検討されている。バイオマス資源は、無駄に廃棄されている資源の再活用の意味もあり、これを燃焼に活用することが、化石燃料の使用削減に結びつき注目されている。 In recent years, utilization of biomass resources has been studied as an attempt to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Biomass resources also have the meaning of reusing resources that have been wasted, and utilizing them for combustion has been attracting attention as it leads to reductions in the use of fossil fuels.
バイオマス資源を活用したエネルギー設備として、バイオマスボイラが使用されている。バイオマスボイラとしては、砂等の不活性無機物を熱媒体となるベッド材として火炉に充填し、炉床からエアノズルを通して燃焼ガスを吹き込んでベッド材を撹拌して流動層を形成し、このベッド材を所望温度に保持しつつ、処理対象物をこの層に投入し燃焼する流動層ボイラが知られている。流動層ボイラは、効率よく処理対象物を燃焼できる形式であり、広く利用されている。 Biomass boilers are used as energy equipment utilizing biomass resources. As a biomass boiler, an inert inorganic substance such as sand is charged into a furnace as a bed material serving as a heat medium, and a combustion gas is blown from a furnace floor through an air nozzle to agitate the bed material to form a fluidized bed. 2. Description of the Related Art A fluidized-bed boiler that throws an object to be treated into this layer and burns it while maintaining a desired temperature is known. Fluidized bed boilers are of a type that can efficiently burn an object to be treated and are widely used.
エアノズルは、上述のとおり、高温でバイオマス資源が存在する環境で使用されるため、耐熱性、耐食性が重要となる。 As described above, since the air nozzle is used in an environment where biomass resources exist at high temperatures, heat resistance and corrosion resistance are important.
特許文献１には、耐溶融塩腐食性の優れた耐熱鋳鉄が開示されている。 Patent Literature 1 discloses a heat-resistant cast iron having excellent resistance to molten salt corrosion.
さらに、エアノズルは、上述のとおり、高温度域で砂等が流動する環境で使用される。そのため、珪砂等によるサンドエロージョン摩耗に対する耐性が必要となる。 Further, as described above, the air nozzle is used in an environment where sand or the like flows in a high temperature range. Therefore, resistance to sand erosion wear by silica sand or the like is required.
特許文献２には、ロール材のような大型肉厚部材に好適な耐摩耗鋳鉄が開示されている。 Patent Literature 2 discloses a wear-resistant cast iron suitable for a large-sized thick member such as a roll material.
バイオマスボイラの炉床で用いるエアノズルの摩耗現象は、高温度域中での低入射角度の珪砂による引っ掻き摩耗による延性破壊である。しかしながら、これに対応できる十分な高温域での硬度及び強度を有する鋳鉄は得られていない。 Abrasion phenomena of air nozzles used in the hearth of a biomass boiler are ductile fractures due to scratch wear of silica sand at a low incident angle in a high temperature range. However, a cast iron having a sufficient high-temperature hardness and strength to cope with this has not been obtained.
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑み、高温域で十分な硬度を有する、耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄を提供することを課題とする。 In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat- and wear-resistant cast iron having sufficient hardness in a high-temperature region.
本発明は、優れた耐エロージョン摩耗性及び耐熱性を有する鋳鉄の成分組成について鋭意検討した結果、高クロム鋳鉄の（１）オーステナイト中の固溶Ｃｒ量を多く含有させるためにＣｒ／Ｃの最適比の検討、（２）オーステナイトが安定するようにＮｉの添加、（３）高温硬さをより高めるためにＭｏ、Ｗの添加によってなされたものであって、その要旨は以下のとおりである。 As a result of intensive studies on the component composition of cast iron having excellent erosion wear resistance and heat resistance, the present invention has found that (1) the optimal Cr / C ratio in order to contain a large amount of dissolved Cr in austenite of high chromium cast iron The study was carried out by examining the ratio, (2) adding Ni to stabilize austenite, and (3) adding Mo and W to further increase the high-temperature hardness. The gist is as follows.
［１］質量％で、Ｃ：０．８〜１．６％、Ｓｉ：１．０％以下（０％を含む）、Ｍｎ：１．０％以下（０％を含む）、Ｃｒ：２２〜２８％、及びＮｉ：２．５〜４％を含有し、残部がＦｅ及び不可避的不純物であることを特徴とする耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄。 [1] In mass%, C: 0.8 to 1.6%, Si: 1.0% or less (including 0%), Mn: 1.0% or less (including 0%), Cr: 22 to 28. A heat- and wear-resistant cast iron containing 28% and Ni: 2.5-4%, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
［２］さらに、質量％で、Ｍｏ：０．５〜３．０％、及びＷ：０．５〜３．０％の１種又は２種を含有することを特徴とする前記［１］の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄。 [2] The above-mentioned [1], further comprising one or two of Mo: 0.5 to 3.0% and W: 0.5 to 3.0% by mass%. Heat and wear resistant cast iron.
［３］前記［１］又は［２］の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄からなる鋳物製品。 [3] A cast product comprising the heat- and wear-resistant cast iron of [1] or [2].
本発明によれば、高温での耐摩耗性に優れた耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄、及び鋳物製品を得ることができる。本発明の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄は、特にバイオマスボイラのエアノズル等、高温環境下で砂等が流動する過酷な条件において使用される製品に好適である。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the heat-resistant wear-resistant cast iron excellent in the wear resistance at high temperature, and a cast product can be obtained. The heat- and wear-resistant cast iron of the present invention is particularly suitable for products used under severe conditions in which sand or the like flows under a high-temperature environment, such as an air nozzle of a biomass boiler.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。はじめに、本発明の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄の成分組成について説明する。以下、成分組成についての「％」は「質量％」を意味するものとする。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. First, the component composition of the heat- and wear-resistant cast iron of the present invention will be described. Hereinafter, “%” in the component composition means “% by mass”.
Ｃは、Ｃｒと結合して炭化物を形成し、また、マトリックスに固溶して鋳鉄の硬さを上げる元素である。十分な硬さを得るためには、Ｃの含有量を０．８％以上とする必要がある。Ｃの含有量が多くなりすぎると、鋳鉄の靭性が低下し、脆化するとともにオーステナイト中の固溶Cr量が減少して耐酸化性を低下させるので、上限は１．６％とする。より好ましいＣの含有量の範囲は、１．２〜１．６％である。 C is an element that combines with Cr to form a carbide, and forms a solid solution with the matrix to increase the hardness of the cast iron. In order to obtain sufficient hardness, the C content needs to be 0.8% or more. If the content of C is too large, the toughness of the cast iron decreases, the alloy becomes brittle, and the amount of solid solution Cr in austenite decreases to decrease the oxidation resistance. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 1.6%. A more preferable range of the content of C is 1.2 to 1.6%.
Ｓｉは、溶解鋳造時の脱酸剤として作用する。また、マトリックスに固溶して硬さを向上する効果もある。Ｓｉは積極的に含有させる必要はない。積極的に含有させなくとも、一般的には、不純物として０．０１％程度のＳｉが含有する。Ｓｉの含有量が多すぎると鋳鉄の靭性が低下するので、上限は１．０％とする。 Si acts as a deoxidizing agent during melt casting. It also has the effect of improving the hardness by forming a solid solution in the matrix. It is not necessary to positively contain Si. Even if not positively contained, generally, about 0.01% of Si is contained as an impurity. If the content of Si is too large, the toughness of the cast iron decreases, so the upper limit is made 1.0%.
Ｍｎは、Ｓｉと同様に、溶解鋳造時の脱酸剤として作用する。Ｍｎは積極的に含有させる必要はない。積極的に含有させなくとも、一般的には、不純物として０．０１％程度のＭｎが含有する。Ｍｎの含有量が多すぎると鋳鉄が脆化するので、上限は１．０％とする。 Mn acts as a deoxidizing agent at the time of melting casting, like Si. Mn does not need to be positively contained. Even if not positively contained, generally, about 0.01% of Mn is contained as an impurity. If the content of Mn is too large, the cast iron becomes brittle, so the upper limit is made 1.0%.
Ｃｒは、炭化物形成元素として、また、オーステナイトに固溶して高温硬さの向上に重要である。さらに、固溶ＣｒはＣｒ酸化物皮膜の形成により耐高温腐食性(耐酸化性と言葉を統一)に寄与する。Ｃｒの含有量が少ないと高温硬さが高く、適度なＣｒ炭化物量をもつ組織が得られず、優れた耐摩耗性が得られないので、２２％以上のＣｒを含有させる。Ｃｒの含有量が多すぎると靭性が低下するので、上限は２８％とする。より好ましいＣｒの含有量は２４〜２８％である。Ｃｒ炭化物量は１０〜３０％が好ましい。Ｃｒ炭化物量が少ないと耐摩耗性が低下し、Ｃｒ炭化物量が多いと鋳鉄が脆化する。 Cr is important as a carbide forming element and for improving the high-temperature hardness by forming a solid solution in austenite. Further, the solid solution Cr contributes to high-temperature corrosion resistance (unified with oxidation resistance) by forming a Cr oxide film. If the content of Cr is small, high-temperature hardness is high, a structure having an appropriate amount of Cr carbide cannot be obtained, and excellent wear resistance cannot be obtained. Therefore, the Cr content is 22% or more. If the content of Cr is too large, the toughness decreases, so the upper limit is made 28%. A more preferred Cr content is 24-28%. The amount of Cr carbide is preferably 10 to 30%. If the amount of Cr carbide is small, the wear resistance decreases, and if the amount of Cr carbide is large, cast iron becomes embrittled.
Ｎｉは、オーステナイト安定化元素である。また、加工硬化量を増し、耐摩耗性を高める効果がある。さらに、靭性を改善する。この効果を得るために、Ｎｉの含有量は２．５％以上とする。Ｎｉの含有量が多すぎると、コスト高となるので、上限は４．０％とする。 Ni is an austenite stabilizing element. In addition, there is an effect that the amount of work hardening is increased and wear resistance is enhanced. Further, it improves toughness. To obtain this effect, the content of Ni is set to 2.5% or more. If the content of Ni is too large, the cost increases, so the upper limit is set to 4.0%.
本発明の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄は、さらに、Ｍｏ及びＷの１種又は２種を含有してもよい。 The heat- and wear-resistant cast iron of the present invention may further contain one or two of Mo and W.
Ｍｏは、Ｃｒとともに炭化物を生成するとともに、オーステナイト中に固溶して、耐摩耗性を高める効果があるので、添加してもよい。この効果を効果的に得るためには、Ｍｏの含有量は０．５％以上とすることが好ましい。Ｍｏの含有量が多くても、効果は飽和し、また、偏析による靭性低下を生じるので、上限は３．０％とする。 Mo may be added because it produces carbides together with Cr and forms a solid solution in austenite to increase wear resistance. In order to effectively obtain this effect, the content of Mo is preferably set to 0.5% or more. Even if the content of Mo is large, the effect is saturated and the toughness is reduced due to segregation. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 3.0%.
Ｗは、Ｍｏと同様に、Ｃｒとともに炭化物を生成するとともに、オーステナイト中に固溶して耐摩耗性を高める効果があるので、添加してもよい。Ｗの添加は、特に、５００℃を超える高温域における高硬度、高耐摩耗性を得るのに有効である。この効果を効果的に得るためには、Ｗの含有量は０．５％以上とすることが好ましい。Ｗの含有量が多すぎても効果は飽和し、さらに、靭性が低下するので、上限は３．０％とする。 W, like Mo, forms carbides with Cr and has the effect of forming a solid solution in austenite to enhance wear resistance, so W may be added. The addition of W is particularly effective for obtaining high hardness and high wear resistance in a high temperature range exceeding 500 ° C. In order to effectively obtain this effect, the content of W is preferably set to 0.5% or more. If the content of W is too large, the effect is saturated and the toughness is further reduced. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 3.0%.
成分組成の残部は、Ｆｅ及び不可避的不純物である。不可避的不純物とは、本発明で規定する成分組成を有する鋳物を工業的に製造する際に、原料や製造環境等から不可避的に混入するものをいい、たとえば、Ｐ、Ｓがあげられる。Ｐ、Ｓは、通常０．０３０％以下程度、鋳物に不可避的に混入する。 The balance of the component composition is Fe and inevitable impurities. The unavoidable impurities are those that are unavoidably mixed from raw materials and the production environment when industrially producing a casting having the component composition specified in the present invention, and examples thereof include P and S. P and S are usually inevitably mixed in the casting at about 0.030% or less.
本発明の金属組織は、好ましくは９０％以上、さらに好ましくは９５％以上がオーステナイトである。なお、本発明の鋳鉄の成分組成ではＭｓ点はほとんど室温以下となるので、冷却の際のマルテンサイト変態量は少ない。 The metal structure of the present invention is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more of austenite. In the composition of the cast iron of the present invention, since the Ms point is almost equal to or lower than room temperature, the amount of martensite transformation during cooling is small.
本発明の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄の製造方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、常法によればよい。 The method for producing the heat- and wear-resistant cast iron of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a conventional method.
はじめに、上述した成分組成を有する溶湯を調整し、溶湯を鋳型に注湯し、注湯された溶湯を冷却して凝固させる。本発明鋳鉄は原則として鋳放しのまま使用されるが、必要に応じて溶体化、焼入焼戻しなどの熱処理をすることができる。 First, a melt having the above-described component composition is prepared, the melt is poured into a mold, and the poured melt is cooled and solidified. Although the cast iron of the present invention is used as it is in principle, it can be subjected to a heat treatment such as solution treatment, quenching and tempering if necessary.
本発明の成分組成を有する鋳鉄であれば、特別な製法を用いることなく、耐熱、耐摩耗性に優れた鋳鉄を得ることが可能である。 With a cast iron having the composition of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a cast iron having excellent heat resistance and wear resistance without using a special production method.
以下、実施例を用いて、本発明をより具体的に説明する。以下に挙げる例は本発明の実施態様の一例であり、本発明が以下の実施例により制限されるものでないことはいうまでもない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. The following examples are examples of the embodiments of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
［実施例１］
表１に記載の成分組成を有する鋳鉄を、鋳造、溶体化処理、焼入れ、焼戻しを施すことにより、２０ｋｇ製造した。表１中の「＜０．０１」は、意図的に添加されたものではなく、含有量が不純物レベルであることを示す。なお、比較例７はＪＩＳ ＳＣＨ２２、比較例８はＪＩＳ ＳＣＳ１３Ａに相当する。
[Example 1]
20 kg of a cast iron having a component composition shown in Table 1 was produced by casting, solution treatment, quenching, and tempering. “<0.01” in Table 1 indicates that the content was not intentionally added and the content was at the impurity level. Note that Comparative Example 7 corresponds to JIS SCH22, and Comparative Example 8 corresponds to JIS SCS13A.
得られた鋳鉄の中心部分より試験片を採取し、５００℃、６００℃、７００℃、８００℃、及び９００℃における硬度を調査した。硬度はビッカース硬度計を用い、荷重１０００ｇで、試験片の表面硬度（Ｈｖ）を５点測定し、平均化して評価した。また、鋳鉄中のＣｒ炭化物量、及び一部の試験片について９００℃における酸化増量を測定した。結果を表２に示す。 A test piece was sampled from the central part of the obtained cast iron, and the hardness at 500 ° C, 600 ° C, 700 ° C, 800 ° C, and 900 ° C was examined. The hardness was evaluated by measuring the surface hardness (Hv) of the test specimen at five points under a load of 1000 g using a Vickers hardness tester and averaging the measured values. In addition, the amount of Cr carbide in the cast iron and the weight increase at 900 ° C. of some test pieces were measured. Table 2 shows the results.
表２に示すように、本発明の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄は、高温域において高い硬さ、少ない酸化増量、適度なＣｒ炭化物量を示しており、耐熱性、耐摩耗性に優れていることが確認できた。一方、本発明の成分組成の規定を満たさない鋳鉄は、高温での硬さが低く、炭化物も少ないために耐摩耗性が劣り、酸化増量も多いことが確認できた。
［実施例２］
As shown in Table 2, the heat- and wear-resistant cast iron of the present invention shows high hardness, low oxidation weight increase, and moderate amount of Cr carbide in a high-temperature range, and has been confirmed to be excellent in heat resistance and wear resistance. did it. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the cast iron that does not satisfy the component composition of the present invention has low hardness at high temperature and low carbide, so that it has poor wear resistance and large amount of oxidation.
[Example 2]
表１に記載のＮｏ．１、３、５、６、７、及び８の成分組成を有する、エア吹き出し角度８．４°、天板厚さ１０ｍｍのエアノズルを鋳造法で作製し、バイオマスボイラの炉床に設置して運転し、寿命を評価した。寿命は、天板部の厚さの減少量を超音波厚さ測定器（オリンパス製、２７ＭＧ）を使用して測定し、比較例７の減少量を１として比で表した。評価結果を表３に示す。 No. 1 described in Table 1. An air nozzle having an air blowing angle of 8.4 ° and a top plate thickness of 10 mm having a component composition of 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 was prepared by a casting method, and was installed and operated on a hearth of a biomass boiler. Then, the life was evaluated. The life was measured by measuring the amount of decrease in the thickness of the top plate portion using an ultrasonic thickness meter (manufactured by Olympus, 27MG), and expressed as a ratio with the amount of decrease in Comparative Example 7 being 1. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
表３に示すように、本発明の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄を用いたエアノズルは、バイオマスボイラ中で使用した場合であっても摩耗量が小さく、高温域における耐摩耗性に優れていることが確認できた。 As shown in Table 3, it can be confirmed that the air nozzle using the heat-resistant and wear-resistant cast iron of the present invention has a small amount of wear even when used in a biomass boiler, and has excellent wear resistance in a high temperature range. Was.
Claims (3)
Ｃ ：０．８〜１．６％、
Ｓｉ：１．０％以下（０％を含む）、
Ｍｎ：０．５７％以下（０％を含む）、
Ｃｒ：２２〜２８％、及び
Ｎｉ：３．４７〜４％
を含有し、残部がＦｅ及び不可避的不純物であることを特徴とする耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄。 In mass%,
C: 0.8 to 1.6%,
Si: 1.0% or less (including 0%),
Mn: 0.57% or less (including 0%),
Cr: 22 to 28%, and Ni: 3.47 to 4%
Wherein the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
Ｍｏ：３．０％以下（０％を含む）、及び
Ｗ ：３．０％以下（０％を含む）
の１種又は２種を含有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の耐熱耐摩耗鋳鉄。 Furthermore, in mass%,
Mo: 3.0% or less (including 0%), and W: 3.0% or less (including 0%)
The heat- and wear-resistant cast iron according to claim 1, comprising one or two of the following.
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