JP6677567B2 - Tunnel excavation method and blast hole setting system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method and a blasting hole setting system.

  In a conventional tunnel excavation method, there is a method in which drilling is performed on a face of a tunnel, an explosive is charged into a drilled blasting hole, and blasting is performed to excavate the ground. Some of such blasting holes are formed parallel to the axis of the tunnel, but are drilled so as to be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the tunnel depending on conditions.

JP 2013-91948 A

  When drilling a blasting hole in the face of a tunnel, drilling is performed after positioning the drilling start point. If the drilling start point is not positioned as planned, the position of the actually drilled blasting hole will shift, and the drilling will not be performed as planned. If the angle of the blasting hole with respect to the tunnel axis is not set properly in the blasting hole inclined with respect to the axis of the tunnel, the digging range is shifted, and the digging is not performed as planned. For example, if the excavation can be performed only in a smaller area than planned, additional excavation work may increase, and the construction period may be extended. Also, if a larger area is excavated than planned, additional work such as constructing concrete in the extra excavated area may occur, which may increase costs or extend the construction period. . In addition, an increase in the amount of shearing increases the cost, and the work period may be extended.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel digging method and a blasting hole setting system that can form a blasting hole at an appropriate position and can suppress a decrease in productivity.

  The tunnel excavation method of the present invention is a tunnel excavation method in which an explosive is charged into a blasting hole formed by propelling a drilling rod forward from a face of a tunnel along a guide cell, blasting is performed, and a tunnel is excavated. An actual face surface measuring step of measuring the actual face face, and a target next face face setting a target next face face which is located in front of the actual face face in the tunnel axis direction and is a virtual face face after excavation by blasting. Surface setting step, a hole butt setting step for setting the position of the hole butt that is the end point of the blasting hole on the target next face, and an inclination for setting the inclination angle of the blasting hole drilling line along the blasting hole An angle setting step, an opening end setting step of setting a position of an opening end which is a starting point of the blasting hole on the actual face, a step of abutting the tip of the drilling rod on the opening end, and a guide cell. Adjusting the drilling angle to the tilt angle and pushing the drilling rod By comprising a boring step for boring blasting holes and.

  In this tunnel excavation method, the actual cutting face is measured, and the position of the opening end of the blasting hole is set with respect to the measured actual cutting face, so that the drilling start position of the blasting hole can be appropriately set. it can. The excavation start position can be set in consideration of the uneven shape of the actual face. Therefore, the blasting hole can be accurately drilled at the set position. Also, in this tunnel excavation method, the target next face, which is a virtual face after excavation, is set, and the butt of the blasting hole is set on this target next face, so that the face after blast is taken into account. Thus, the excavation range per blast can be managed.

  The tunnel excavation method of the present invention is a tunnel excavation method in which an explosive is charged into a blasting hole formed by propelling a drilling rod forward from a face of a tunnel along a guide cell, blasting is performed, and a tunnel is excavated. An actual facet measuring step of measuring the actual facet of the tunnel, and a target for setting a target next facet which is a virtual facet after excavation by blasting, which is located in front of the actual facet in the axial direction of the tunnel. Next face setting step, on the target next face, a hole butt setting step for setting the position of the hole butt which is the end point of the blasting hole, and on the actual face, the opening end which is the starting point of the blasting hole End setting step for setting the position of the hole, a drilling line setting step for setting a blasting hole drilling line passing through the hole bottom and the opening end, and a step of bringing the tip of the drilling rod into contact with the opening end And the drilling rod is propelled along the blasting drilling line, Including a drilling step of drilling a broken hole, the.

  In this tunnel excavation method, the actual cutting face is measured, and the position of the opening end of the blasting hole is set with respect to the measured actual cutting face, so that the drilling start position of the blasting hole can be appropriately set. it can. The excavation start position can be set in consideration of the uneven shape of the actual face. Therefore, the blasting hole can be accurately drilled at the set position. Also, in this tunnel excavation method, the target next face, which is a virtual face after excavation, is set, and the butt of the blasting hole is set on this target next face, so that the face after blast is taken into account. Thus, the excavation range per blast can be managed. In addition, in this tunnel excavation method, a blasting hole excavation line passing through the hole tail and the opening end is set, and a drilling rod is propelled along the set blasting hole drilling line to form a blasting hole. Can be drilled. In addition, it is possible to manage the excavation range by grasping the inclination of the set blasting hole drilling line.

  The tunnel excavation method further includes a virtual facet setting step of setting a virtual facet orthogonal to the axis of the tunnel based on the actual facet, and in the opening end setting step, a virtual opening end is provided on the virtual facet. In the drilling line setting step, the blasting drilling line is set so as to pass through the virtual opening end and the hole bottom, and in the opening end setting step, the blasting drilling line and the actual cutting face are set. May be set as the position of the opening end. In this tunnel excavation method, after a virtual opening end is set on the virtual face, the opening end is placed on the actual face along the blasting drilling line passing through the virtual opening and the hole bottom. Can be transferred to Therefore, the opening end can be set according to the unevenness of the actual face.

  The tunnel excavation method further includes a virtual facet setting step of setting a virtual facet orthogonal to the axis of the tunnel based on the actual facet, and in the opening end setting step, a virtual opening end is provided on the virtual facet. The position may be set in the axial direction from the virtual opening end and the position on the actual face may be set as the position of the opening end. This eliminates the need to calculate the blasting excavation line when setting the open end on the actual face, and simplifies the work of setting the open end.

  The blasting hole is an outer blasting hole arranged on the peripheral surface side of the tunnel, and the hole butt setting step is located radially outward from the designed peripheral surface of the tunnel, and is a virtual blasting hole after digging by blasting. The method may include a target next peripheral surface setting step of setting a target next peripheral surface that is a peripheral surface, and the hole tail setting step may set a hole tail on an intersection of the target next peripheral surface and the target next face. Thus, by setting the virtual peripheral surface outside the designed peripheral surface in the radial direction of the tunnel, the excavation range is prevented from being smaller than designed. Therefore, the occurrence of extra excavation work can be suppressed. In addition, in this tunnel excavation method, a target next peripheral surface, which is a virtual peripheral surface after excavation, is set, and a hole end of a blasting hole is set on the target next peripheral surface and the target next face, so that after the blast, The excavation range per blast can be managed in consideration of the peripheral surface and the face of the excavator. Further, by managing the arrangement of the blasting holes on the outer peripheral side in this way, it is possible to suppress an increase in the amount of displacement.

  The blasting hole is a centering blasting hole formed at the center in the radial direction of the tunnel. By appropriately arranging the blast holes for coring, it is possible to secure one blast progress length in the axial direction of the tunnel. If blasting for coring is inappropriate, the blasting length per blast becomes short and the construction period may be extended.

  In addition, the tunnel excavation method further includes an actual drilling length calculation step of calculating an actual drilling length which is a distance from an opening end to a hole bottom. In the drilling step, a blasting hole for the actual drilling length is provided. Can be drilled. By drilling so as to have the calculated actual drilling length, the blasting hole can be appropriately constructed.

  The blasting hole setting system of the present invention is a blasting hole setting system for setting the arrangement of blasting holes when excavating a tunnel, an actual face measuring unit for measuring the actual face of the tunnel, A target next face setting section which is located forward of the actual face in the axial direction of the tunnel and sets a target next face which is a virtual face after excavation by blasting, and a blasting hole on the target next face. Hole setting section that sets the position of the hole bottom that is the end point of the blasting, inclination angle setting section that sets the inclination angle of the blasting hole drilling line along the blasting hole, and blasting hole drilling along the blasting hole An inclination angle setting unit that sets the inclination angle of the line, and an opening end setting unit that sets the position of the opening end that is the starting point of the blasting hole on the actual face.

  In this blasting hole setting system, the actual cutting face is measured, and the position of the opening end of the blasting hole is set with respect to the measured actual cutting face, so that the drilling start position of the blasting hole is appropriately set. be able to. The excavation start position can be set in consideration of the uneven shape of the actual face. Therefore, the blasting hole can be accurately drilled at the set position. Further, in this blasting hole setting system, a target next facet, which is a virtual facet after excavation, is set, and the hole end of the blasting hole is set on this target next facet. In consideration of the above, the excavation range per blast can be managed.

  The blasting hole setting system of the present invention is a blasting hole setting system for setting the arrangement of blasting holes when excavating a tunnel, an actual face measuring unit for measuring the actual face of the tunnel, A target next face setting section which is located forward of the actual face in the axial direction of the tunnel and sets a target next face which is a virtual face after excavation by blasting, and a blasting hole on the target next face. A hole butt setting part that sets the position of the hole butt that is the end point of the hole, an opening end part that sets the position of the opening end that is the starting point of the blasting hole on the actual face, and a hole butt and an opening end And a drilling line setting unit for setting a blasting drilling line passing through the part.

  In this blasting hole setting system, the actual cutting face is measured, and the position of the opening end of the blasting hole is set with respect to the measured actual cutting face, so that the drilling start position of the blasting hole is appropriately set. be able to. The excavation start position can be set in consideration of the uneven shape of the actual face. Therefore, the blasting hole can be accurately drilled at the set position. Further, in this blasting hole setting system, a target next facet which is a virtual facet after excavation is set, and a hole end of the blasting hole is set on this target next facet. In consideration of the above, the excavation range per blast can be managed. In addition, this blasting hole setting system sets a blasting hole excavation line passing through the hole butt and the opening end, and propels a drilling rod along the set blasting hole drilling line for blasting. Holes can be drilled. In addition, it is possible to manage the excavation range by grasping the inclination of the set blasting hole drilling line.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, a hole for blasting can be formed in a suitable position, generation | occurrence | production of additional construction can be prevented, and the fall of productivity can be suppressed.

It is sectional drawing which shows the inside of the tunnel in which the excavator was arrange | positioned, and is a figure which shows the surface along a tunnel axial direction from the side. It is a front view which shows the position of the blasting hole of the outer peripheral side set on the actual face of a tunnel. It is a schematic diagram showing one cycle progress length in tunnel excavation work. It is the schematic which shows 1 cycle progress length in tunnel digging work, a target next design face, a virtual face, and a target next face. It is a schematic diagram for explaining the setting method of the hole for blasting in a 1st embodiment. It is a block configuration diagram showing a blasting hole setting system of a first embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the tunnel excavation method of 1st Embodiment. It is a block configuration diagram showing a blasting hole setting system of a second embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the setting method of the hole for blasting in 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the tunnel excavation method of 2nd Embodiment. It is a block configuration diagram showing a blasting hole setting system of a third embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the setting method of the hole for blasting in 3rd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the tunnel excavation method of 3rd Embodiment. It is the schematic for demonstrating the setting method of the hole for blasting in 4th Embodiment. It is a block block diagram which shows the blasting hole setting system of 5th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the tunnel excavation method of 5th Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram for explaining the setting method of the hole for blasting in a 6th embodiment.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In each of the drawings, the same or corresponding portions have the same reference characters allotted, and overlapping description will be omitted.

(1st Embodiment)
The tunnel excavation method according to the present embodiment is a method of blasting an explosive and excavating a ground 101 to construct a tunnel 100. In this tunnel excavation method, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of blast holes into which explosives are loaded are drilled in the actual facets 106 of the tunnel 100 using the excavator 1.

  The excavator 1 is a so-called tunnel jumbo, and includes a movable vehicle body 2, a cabin 3 on which an operator can board, and a guide cell 4 supported by the vehicle body 2 and extending forward. The vehicle body 2 moves, for example, in the axial direction X of the tunnel 100, and moves forward or backward according to work. The cabin 3 is a cockpit for operating the guide cell 4 and is provided above the vehicle body 2. The cabin 3 is provided with an operation lever for operating the guide cell 4 and a display unit (for example, a liquid crystal display unit) for displaying various information.

  The guide cell 4 holds a drilling rod for drilling a blasting hole. The guide cell 4 has a function of sending the drilling rod forward along the guide cell 4. A drill bit is mounted at the tip of the drill rod. The drilling bit rotates and hits the ground (face), so that the drilling rod is propelled forward from the face to form a blasting hole.

  The guide cell 4 is supported by an arm 6 having a plurality of joints. The arm 6 is provided with a drive unit (not shown) for adjusting the position and angle of the guide cell 4. The drive unit has a hydraulic cylinder, an electric motor, and the like. Further, the arm 6 is provided with various sensors for detecting the position of the guide cell 4. In the excavator 1, by operating the drive unit, the guide cell 4 can be set at an arbitrary position and can be adjusted to an arbitrary angle. Therefore, the drilling rod is also set at an arbitrary position and adjusted to an arbitrary angle.

  The operator of the excavator 1 can operate the guide cell 4 from the cabin 3 to position the tip 4a of the drilling rod of the guide cell 4 at the opening end (digging start point) 104. Similarly, the operator of the excavator 1 can operate the guide cell 4 from the cabin 3 to adjust the angle of the guide cell 4.

  In the tunnel excavation method according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of outer blast holes (hereinafter, referred to as “blast holes”) 103 are formed along the vicinity of the peripheral surface 100 a of the tunnel 100. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the blasting holes 103. As shown in FIG. Of the both ends in the longitudinal direction of the blasting hole 103, an end on the actual face 106 side is an opening end 104, and an end on the opposite side is a hole tail 105. When the blasting hole 103 is excavated, the blasting hole 103 is excavated from the opening end (starting point) 104 which is the excavation start point to the hole end (end point) 105 which is the excavation end point.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing one cycle progress length L102, target next designed face face 110, virtual face face 107, and target next face face 108 in tunnel excavation work. As work in one cycle progress in tunnel excavation work, blasting of face, carrying out of blasting, spraying of concrete (sometimes accompanied with steel shoring), installation of rock bull, and the like are performed. These operations are performed for each cycle progress length L102 from the tunnel entrance. Therefore, each tunnel traveling position 111 is set by cumulatively adding the traveling length L102 of one cycle from the tunnel entrance. The progress length L102 of one cycle can be, for example, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, or 2.0 m.

  The target next design facet face 110 is an imaginary facet face at the design traveling position 111 excavated by the next blasting. The target next facet 108 is a virtual facet located ahead of the actual facet 106 in the axial direction X of the tunnel 100, and is set based on, for example, the position of the target next design facet 110.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of setting a blasting hole in the tunnel excavation method according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a section taken along line IV-IV in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the blasting holes 103 are inclined with respect to the axis L100 of the tunnel 100. An outer peripheral side drilling line (hereinafter, referred to as “piercing line”) L103 which is a straight line passing through the opening end 104 and the hole bottom 105 is inclined with respect to the axis L100 of the tunnel 100.

  Next, the blasting hole setting system 10 that can be used in the tunnel excavation method will be described. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a blasting hole setting system. The blasting hole setting system 10 sets the positions of the opening end 104 and the hole tail 105 of the blasting hole 103. The blasting hole setting system 10 is mounted on, for example, the excavator 1. The entire blasting hole setting system 10 may be mounted on the excavator 1, or a part of the blasting hole setting system 10 may be mounted on the excavator 1.

  The blasting hole setting system 10 includes a three-dimensional laser scanner (actual face measuring unit) 11 and a drilling line setting unit 12. Further, the blasting hole setting system 10 may have a configuration including a guiding unit 13 for guiding the guide cell 4.

The three-dimensional laser scanner 11 is a surface shape measuring unit that measures the uneven shape (three-dimensional coordinates) of the actual face surface 106. The three-dimensional laser scanner 11 is installed, for example, on the front surface of the vehicle body 2. Three-dimensional laser scanner 11 irradiates the laser beam L ₁₁ in front of the vehicle body 2, to obtain information about the three-dimensional coordinates of the front of the actual working face surface 106 of the vehicle body 2. Note that the three-dimensional laser scanner 11 may not be mounted on the vehicle body 2. Information about the three-dimensional coordinates of the actual face 106 measured by the three-dimensional laser scanner 11 is output to the drilling line setting unit 12. The actual face measuring unit that measures the actual face is not limited to the three-dimensional laser scanner, but may be a device that measures the uneven shape of the actual face 106 by irradiating other light or ultrasonic waves.

  The drilling line setting unit 12 includes a CPU for performing arithmetic processing, a ROM and a RAM serving as a storage unit 14, an input signal circuit, an output signal circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like. The drilling line setting unit 12 executes the program stored in the storage unit 14 to construct the tunnel advancing position setting unit 15, the target next face surface setting unit 18, and the drilling line setting unit 20.

  The tunnel traveling position setting unit 15 sets the tunnel traveling position 111. The tunnel traveling position 111 is, for example, a design boundary position where work in one cycle is performed. Information on the tunnel advancing position 111 is stored in the storage unit 14, for example. The tunnel advancing position setting unit 15 sequentially sets the tunnel advancing position 111 at a position advanced by one cycle of the traveling length L102 from the tunnel entrance, and sets the tunnel advancing position 111 for performing the next blasting and excavation work. The one-cycle progress length L102 can be set, for example, based on the hardness of the bedrock and past data.

  The target next facet setting unit 18 sets a target next facet 108 which is a virtual facet after excavation by the next blasting. The target next face face setting section 18 is set based on the target next designed face face 110 located at the next advancing position 111. The target next face face 108 is set, for example, as a vertical plane orthogonal to the axis L100 of the tunnel 100.

  The drilling line setting unit 20 includes a hole edge setting unit 21, a drilling start point setting unit 22, and an inclination angle setting unit 23. The drilling line setting unit 20 sets the drilling line L103 based on the hole tail 105 and the inclination angle θ.

  The drilling line setting unit 20 sets a drilling line L103 passing through these two points based on the two points of the hole tail 105 and the opening end 104. The drilling line setting unit 20 may set the drilling line L103 based on the opening end 104 and the inclination angle θ with respect to the axis L100.

  The hole tail setting unit 21 sets the position of the hole tail 105. For example, the hole tail 105 is set on the target next face surface 108. Further, the hole bottom setting unit 21 may set the hole bottom 105 at a position that allows for the extra depth in the radial direction, for example. The hole edge setting unit 21 can set the intersection of the outer excavation line L100b, which is set in consideration of the surplus digging, and the target next face face 108 as the position of the hole edge 105.

  The hole bottom setting unit 21 may be configured to include an outer digging line setting unit that sets the outer digging line L100b. The outer digging line L100b is a virtual line that can be used when setting the position of the hole tail 105 of the blasting hole 103. The outer digging line setting unit sets a target next peripheral surface 100b, which is a virtual peripheral surface after excavation by the next blasting, and extends along the target next peripheral surface 100b and extends in the axial direction X of the tunnel 100. The excavation line L100b is set. The outer digging line setting unit sets the target next peripheral surface 100b so as to be located radially outward from the designed peripheral surface 100c of the tunnel 100. The outer digging line setting unit sets, for example, the target next circumferential surface 100b at a position outside the designed circumferential surface 100c by the length Lβ, and sets the outer digging line L100b. The length Lβ is set in consideration of the extra portion.

  The inclination angle setting unit 23 calculates the inclination angle θ of the drilling line L103. The inclination angle θ is the inclination angle of the outer peripheral side drilling line L103 with respect to the axis L100 of the tunnel 100. The tilt angle setting unit 23 reads data stored in the storage unit 14 in advance and sets the tilt angle θ.

  The drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the position of the opening end 104. The drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the position of the opening end 104 on the measured actual face 106. The drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the intersection of the drilling line L103 and the actual facet 106 as the position of the opening end 104.

  The guidance unit 13 includes, for example, a camera and a display unit. The camera photographs the actual face 106. The display unit displays a moving image captured by the camera. For example, the opening end 104 is displayed on the display unit. Thus, the operator positions the drilling start point by aligning the tip 4a of the drilling rod of the guide cell 4 with the opening end 104 displayed on the display unit. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the guiding section 13 may include a laser light source 13 a and irradiate the actual cutting face 106 with the laser light L <b> 13 to indicate the position of the opening end 104. The laser light source 13a may be installed on the ceiling of the tunnel 100, may be installed on the bottom of the tunnel 100, or may be installed on the excavator 1.

  Next, the procedure of the tunnel excavation method according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  Next, the blasting hole setting system 10 measures the actual face face 106 using the three-dimensional laser scanner 11 (step S1; actual face face measuring step). The measured data is output to the drilling line setting unit 12. The drilling line setting unit 12 acquires data relating to position coordinates indicating the uneven shape (three-dimensional coordinates) of the actual face face 106.

  Next, the target next face surface setting unit 18 sets the target next face surface 108 based on the target next designed face surface 110 set in advance (Step S2; target next face surface setting step). The target next face face setting unit 18 sets the target next face face 108 on the target next design face face 110, for example, in consideration of the excavation in the tunnel axis direction X. Excavation in the tunnel axis direction X includes, for example, an extra space for the work of building a steel support.

  Next, the hole edge setting unit 21 of the drilling line setting unit 20 sets the outer digging line L100b (Step S3; target next peripheral surface setting step). Specifically, the outer circumferential excavation line L100b is set by setting the target next circumferential surface 100b at a position radially outside by the length Lβ from the designed circumferential surface 100c. The length Lβ is set in consideration of the amount of extra digging.

  Next, the hole tail setting unit 21 sets the position of the hole tail 105 (step S4; hole tail setting step). Specifically, the intersection of the outer excavation line L100b and the target next facet 108 is set as the position of the hole tail 105.

  Next, the tilt angle setting unit 23 reads the tilt angle θ stored in the storage unit 14 and sets it as the tilt angle θ of the drilling line L103 (Step S5; tilt angle setting step).

  Next, the drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the position of the opening end 104 (Step S6; opening end setting step). Specifically, the intersection of the drilling line L103 and the actual face 106 is set as the position of the opening end 104.

  The drilling line setting unit 20 sets a plurality of drilling lines L103 in the circumferential direction. The drilling line setting unit 20 sets the position of the opening end 104 for each of the plurality of drilling lines L103.

  Next, the blasting hole setting system 10 moves the drilling rod gripped by the guide cell 4 along the guide cell 4, and abuts the tip 4a of the drilling rod against the opening end 104 to perform positioning. (Step S7). In addition, the blasting hole setting system 10 may perform positioning by guiding the tip 4a of the drilling rod gripped by the guide cell 4 to the opening end 104 using the guiding unit 13. Next, the blasting hole setting system 10 adjusts the angle of the guide cell 4 to the inclination angle θ (Step S8). Then, the drilling rod is propelled to drill the blasting hole 103 from the opening end 104 to the hole tail 105 (step S9; drilling step).

  Further, in the tunnel excavation method, an actual drilling hole length calculation step of calculating an actual drilling hole length that is a distance from the opening end 104 to the hole tail 105 may be performed. Then, in the drilling step S9, the blasting holes 103 for the actual drilling length may be drilled. After the execution of the drilling step S9, the drilled blasting hole 103 is filled with an explosive for blasting, and the tunnel 100 is excavated.

  In this tunnel excavation method, the actual face face 106 is measured, and the position of the opening end 104 of the blasting hole 103 is set with respect to the measured actual face face 106. Can be set appropriately. In the conventional method, the actual cutting face 106 is not measured, and the drilling start position is set irrespective of the uneven shape. Therefore, there is a possibility that the blasting hole is drilled in a place different from the set position. there were. In the present embodiment, since the drilling start position is set in consideration of the uneven shape of the actual facet surface 106, the outer blast hole 103 can be drilled at the set position with high accuracy.

  Further, in this tunnel excavation method, since the hole tail 105 of the blasting hole 103 is set on the target next face face 108, the excavation range per blast can be managed in consideration of the face face after blasting. Further, in this tunnel excavation method, since the drilling line L103 is set based on the preset inclination angle θ, the excavation range can be managed by grasping the inclination angle θ.

  In addition, by setting the target next peripheral surface 100b outside the designed peripheral surface 100c in the radial direction of the tunnel 100, the excavation range is prevented from being smaller than designed. Therefore, the occurrence of extra excavation work can be suppressed. In addition, in this tunnel excavation method, since the hole tail 105 of the blasting hole 103 is set at the intersection of the target next peripheral surface 100b and the target next face surface 108, one blast is performed in consideration of the peripheral surface and the face after blasting. Excavation area per hit can be managed. In addition, by managing the arrangement of the blasting holes 103 on the outer peripheral side in this way, it is possible to suppress an increase in the amount of displacement and to prevent an increase in cost.

(2nd Embodiment)
Next, a tunnel excavation method according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The difference between the tunnel excavation method according to the second embodiment and the tunnel excavation method according to the first embodiment is that the procedure for setting the blasting hole 103 is different, and specifically, the procedure for setting the opening end 104. Is different. In the description of the second embodiment, the same description as in the first embodiment will be omitted.

  FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a blasting hole setting system 10 according to the second embodiment. The blasting hole setting system 10 of the second embodiment differs from the blasting hole setting system 10 of the first embodiment in that a guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25 is provided instead of the inclination angle setting unit 23. The drilling line setting unit 20 includes a hole bottom setting unit 21, a drilling start point setting unit 22, and a guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25 sets the guide cell movable boundary L <b> 100 d in anticipation of the support forming the peripheral surface 100 a of the tunnel 100 and the concrete thickness (support thickness). The guide cell movable boundary L100d is a virtual line that can be used when setting the position of the opening end 104 of the blasting hole 103. The guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25 sets the guide cell movable boundary L100d radially inward from the designed peripheral surface 100c of the tunnel 100. The guide cell movable boundary L100d extends along the axial direction X of the tunnel 100. The guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25 sets, for example, a guide cell movable boundary L100d radially inward of the peripheral surface 100a of the tunnel 100. The guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25 sets the guide cell movable boundary L100d at a position radially inward of the length Lα from the designed peripheral surface 100c, for example. The length Lα is set in consideration of a margin length where the primary support does not contact the guide cell.

  The drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the intersection of the guide cell movable boundary L100d and the actual facet surface 106 as the position of the opening end 104. The drilling line setting unit 20 sets a drilling line L103 passing through these two points based on the two points of the hole tail 105 and the opening end 104.

  Next, a procedure of the tunnel excavation method according to the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for setting a blasting hole according to the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, as compared with the flowchart of FIG. 7 of the first embodiment, step S15 is performed instead of step S5.

  In the second embodiment, the processing from step S1 to step S4 is the same as in the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, after the position of the hole tail 105 is set in step S4, the process of step S15 is executed.

  In step S15, the guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25 sets the guide cell movable boundary L100d. Specifically, the guide cell movable boundary L100d is set at a position radially inward from the finished surface 100a of the primary support by a length Lα. The length Lα is set in consideration of a margin length in which the primary support does not contact the guide cell.

  After execution of step S15, step S6 is executed. In step S6, the drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the intersection of the guide cell movable boundary L100d and the actual face 106 as the position of the opening end 104.

  The drilling line setting unit 20 of the blasting hole setting system 10 sets a drilling line L103 passing through the hole tail 105 and the opening end 104, and calculates an inclination angle θ of the drilling line L103 with respect to the axis L100. can do.

  Subsequently, the processing of steps S7 to S9 is executed as in the first embodiment.

  The tunnel excavation method of the second embodiment has the same operation and effect as the tunnel excavation method of the first embodiment.

  In the tunnel excavation method of the second embodiment, since the opening end 104 is set based on the guide cell movable boundary L100d, it is possible to prevent the guide cell from hitting the support and the concrete. Further, it is possible to prevent the blasting hole 103 from being set at a position where drilling is not actually possible, thereby preventing the occurrence of extra work due to resetting or the like.

(Third embodiment)
Next, the procedure of the tunnel excavation method according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The difference between the tunnel excavation method according to the third embodiment and the tunnel excavation method according to the second embodiment is that the procedure for setting the blasting holes 103 is different, and specifically, the procedure for setting the opening end 104. Is different. In the description of the third embodiment, the same description as in the first and second embodiments will be omitted.

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a blasting hole setting system according to the third embodiment. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of setting a blasting hole according to the third embodiment. The blasting hole setting system 10 according to the third embodiment is different from the blasting hole setting system 10 of the second embodiment in that the blasting hole setting system 10 further includes a virtual face surface setting unit 17. The drilling line setting unit 12 includes a tunnel advancing position setting unit 15, a target next face surface setting unit 18, a virtual face surface setting unit 17, and a drilling line setting unit 20.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the virtual face setting unit 17 sets a virtual face 107 that is a virtual face approximated to the actual face 106. The virtual face face 107 is set, for example, to be orthogonal to the axis L100 of the tunnel 100. The virtual face-face setting unit 17 may set, for example, a face passing through the rearmost (front side) point in the actual face face 106 as the virtual face face 107. In addition, the virtual face-face setting unit 17 may set a plane passing through the frontmost (rear) point in the actual face face 106 as the virtual face-face. In addition, the virtual face surface setting unit 17 may set the virtual face surface 107 based on the average position of the uneven shape of the actual face surface 106. In addition, the virtual face surface setting unit 17 may set the value input by the operator as the virtual face surface 107.

  In addition, the virtual face-face setting unit 17 may set the virtual face face 107 based on the tunnel traveling position 111 as shown in FIG. The virtual face setting unit 17 may set the virtual face 107 at the tunnel advancing position 111, for example, or may set the virtual face 107 at a position shifted by a certain distance from the tunnel advancing position 111. .

  The drilling start point setting unit 22 includes a virtual opening end setting unit that sets the position of the virtual opening end 109 on the virtual face face 107. The virtual opening end setting unit sets the intersection of the guide cell movable boundary L100d, which is set in consideration of the support thickness, and the virtual face face 107 as the position of the virtual opening end 109.

  The drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the position of the opening end 104 based on the position of the virtual opening end 109. Specifically, a drilling line L103 passing through the virtual opening end 109 and the hole tail 105 is set, and the intersection of the drilling line L103 and the actual face 106 is set as the position of the opening end 104. . The drilling line setting unit 20 sets a drilling line L103 passing through these two points based on the two points of the hole tail 105 and the opening end 104.

  Next, a procedure of the tunnel excavation method according to the third embodiment will be described. FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a tunnel excavation method according to the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, steps S16 and S17 are performed after step S15 as compared with the flowchart in FIG. 10 of the second embodiment.

  In the third embodiment, the processing of steps S1 to S4 and the processing of step S15 are the same as in the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, after setting the guide cell movable boundary L100d in step S15, the process of step S16 is executed.

  In step S16, the virtual face setting unit 17 sets the virtual face 107 (virtual face setting step). The virtual face-face setting unit 17 sets, for example, a face passing through a position on the most front side (the most protruding position) of the actual face face 106 as the virtual face face 107.

  Next, the virtual opening end setting unit of the drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the position of the virtual opening end 109 (step S17). Specifically, the intersection of the guide cell movable boundary L100d and the virtual face face 107 is set as the position of the virtual opening end 109.

  After execution of step S17, step S6 is executed. In step S6, the drilling line setting unit 20 sets the drilling line L103 (a drilling line setting step), and the drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the position of the opening end 104 (the opening end setting step). . Specifically, the drilling line setting unit 20 sets a straight line passing through the virtual opening end 109 and the hole tail 105 as the drilling line L103. Subsequently, the drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the intersection of the drilling line L103 and the actual face 106 as the position of the opening end 104.

  The drilling line setting unit 20 of the blasting hole setting system 10 sets a drilling line L103 passing through the hole tail 105 and the opening end 104, and calculates an inclination angle θ of the drilling line L103 with respect to the axis L100. can do. Subsequently, the processing of steps S7 to S9 is executed as in the first embodiment.

  In the tunnel excavation method according to the third embodiment, the same operation and effect as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, the procedure of the tunnel excavation method according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for setting a blasting hole according to the fourth embodiment. The difference between the tunnel digging method according to the fourth embodiment and the tunnel digging method according to the third embodiment is that the procedure for setting the opening end 104 is different. In the description of the fourth embodiment, the same description as in the first to third embodiments will be omitted.

  The blast hole setting system 10 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the blast hole setting system 10 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. The drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the intersection of the guide cell movable boundary L100d and the virtual face face 107 as the position of the virtual opening end 109, and moves from the virtual opening end 109 along the axis L100. The set position is set as the opening end 104. Note that the opening end 104 may be set without setting the virtual opening end 109.

  Then, the drilling line setting unit 20 sets a drilling line L103 passing through these two points based on the opening end 104 and the hole tail 105 based on the two points.

  Next, a procedure of the tunnel excavation method according to the fourth embodiment will be described. In the fourth embodiment, the processing in step S6 is different from the flowchart in FIG. 13 of the third embodiment.

  In step S6, the drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the position of the opening end 104. Specifically, it is a position moved from the virtual opening end 109 along the axis L100 of the tunnel 100, and a position on the actual face 106 is set as the opening end 104.

  Next, the drilling line setting unit 20 sets the drilling line L103. Specifically, a straight line passing through the opening end 104 and the hole tail 105 is set as the drilling line L103. The drilling line setting unit 20 of the blasting hole setting system 10 sets a drilling line L103 passing through the hole tail 105 and the opening end 104, and calculates an inclination angle θ of the drilling line L103 with respect to the axis L100. can do. Subsequently, the processing of steps S7 to S9 is executed as in the first embodiment.

  In the tunnel excavation method according to the fourth embodiment, the same operation and effect as those of the first to third embodiments can be obtained.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a tunnel excavation method according to the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9, 15, and 16. The difference between the tunnel excavation method according to the fifth embodiment and the tunnel excavation method according to the first embodiment is that the procedure for setting the blasting holes 103 is different. Specifically, the inclination angle θ and the opening end are different. A drilling line L103 is set based on the position of 104. In the description of the fifth embodiment, the same description as in the first to fourth embodiments will be omitted.

  FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a blasting hole setting system 10 according to the fifth embodiment. The blasting hole setting system 10 of the fifth embodiment is different from the blasting hole setting system 10 of the first embodiment in that the blasting hole setting system 10 further includes a guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25. The drilling line setting unit 20 includes a hole bottom setting unit 21, a drilling start point setting unit 22, an inclination angle setting unit 23, and a guide cell movable boundary setting unit 25.

  Next, a procedure of the tunnel excavation method according to the fifth embodiment will be described. The fifth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the processing of step S15 is executed instead of steps S3 and S4, as compared with the flowchart of FIG. 7 of the first embodiment. Further, the processing content in step S6 is different from that of the first embodiment.

  In step S6, the drilling start point setting unit 22 sets the intersection of the guide cell movable boundary L100d and the actual face 106 as the position of the opening end 104. The drilling line setting unit 20 of the blasting hole setting system 10 sets a straight line that passes through the opening end 104 and is inclined at the inclination angle θ as the drilling line L103. Subsequently, the processing of steps S7 to S9 is executed as in the first embodiment.

  In the tunnel excavation method according to the fifth embodiment, the same operation and effect as those of the first to fourth embodiments can be obtained.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a tunnel excavation method according to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram for describing a method for setting a blasting hole according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 17 shows a cross section of the tunnel 100 cut in a horizontal direction in the axial direction.

  In the sixth embodiment, a case will be described in which the core cutting blast hole (blasting hole) 113 is drilled when the actual cutting face 106 is cored. The coring is a blast that is performed on the radially central portion of the tunnel 100 and is performed first on the actual face 106. When performing centering, a plurality of centering blast holes 113 are drilled so as to surround the axis L100, and blasting is performed.

  The blast hole 113 for coring is inclined from the outside to the inside in the radial direction Y. In centering, for example, a hole bottom 115 is set on the target next face surface 108 at a position separated by a distance D from the axis L100, and a pair of centering blast holes 113 are formed with the axis L100 interposed therebetween. A plurality of the pair of centering blast holes 113 are provided in a vertical direction. The ground is hollowed out so as to form a wedge by blasting by filling the explosive into the core blasting hole 113.

  In this tunnel excavation method, the processing shown in FIG. 13 is executed as in the third embodiment. However, in step S6 in FIG. 13, the opening end portion 104 is set, and the drilling line L113 for coring is set.

  In the process of setting the drilling line L113 for centering, after setting the position of the hole bottom 115, the virtual opening end 119 is set, and the drilling line L113 is set. The position of the hole tail 115 is set on the target next face surface 108 at a distance D from the axis L100 in the tunnel radial direction. The virtual opening end 119 is set on the virtual face face 107. The virtual opening end portion 119 is set at a position separated by a length Lγ from the axis L100 in the radial direction Y of the tunnel 100. For example, a past actual value or a design value can be used as the length Lγ.

  In this tunnel excavation method, a drilling line L113 passing through two points, a hole bottom 115 and a virtual opening end 119, is set. Then, the intersection between the drilling line L113 and the actual face 106 is set as the opening end 114. Further, the inclination angle θ of the drilling line L113 with respect to the axis L100 is calculated. Further, the actual hole length L, which is the distance between the opening end 114 and the hole bottom 115, is calculated.

In such tunneling method, the cored for blasthole 113 of the tilt angle theta, for drilling the actual drilling length L _PX content from the open end 114. The coring blast holes 113 are drilled at a plurality of locations at intervals in the height direction.

  In the process of setting the drilling line L113, the opening end 114 may be set without setting the virtual face 7. In the process of setting the drilling line L113, after determining the inclination angle θ, a straight line passing through the opening end 114 may be set as the drilling line L113. A straight line passing through 115 may be set as the drilling line L113.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications as described below are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  In the above embodiment, the setting of the outer peripheral side drilling line L103 and the setting of the drilling line L113 for coring are described. However, when setting the drilling line of the blasting hole formed at another position. The present invention may be applied to

  In addition, the processing in the above-described embodiment can be performed by appropriately changing the order. For example, after measuring the actual facet surface 106, one blasting progress length L102 may be set. After setting the target next facet 108, the actual facet 106 may be measured.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Excavator 2 ... Body 3 ... Cabin 4 ... Guide cell 4a ... Tip 6 ... Arm 11 ... 3D laser scanner 12 ... Drilling line setting unit 13 ... Guidance part, 13a ... Laser light source 14 ... Storage part 15 ... 1 Blasting progress length setting unit 17 ... Virtual face surface setting unit 18 ... Target next face surface setting unit 20 ... Drilling line setting unit 21 ... Drilling edge setting unit 22 ... Drilling start point setting unit 23 ... Inclination angle setting unit 24 ... Real Hole length calculation unit 100 Tunnel 100a Peripheral surface 100b Target next peripheral surface 100c Peripheral surface in design 101 Ground 103 Outer blast holes 104, 109, 114, 119 Open ends 105, 115 Hole bottom 106 ... Real face face 107 ... Virtual face face 108 ... Target next face face 109, 119 ... Virtual opening end 113 ... Core blasting hole (blasting hole)
L103, L103B: Peripheral side drilling line L100d: Guide cell movable boundary (inner excavation line)
L113: drilling line for core removal

Claims (7)

Together to promote drilling rods along the guide cell forward from tunnel Face form a blasting hole, filled with explosives perform blasting to form the said blasting holes, tunneling method of excavating the tunnel And
An actual face measuring step of measuring the actual face of the tunnel,
A target next face surface setting step of setting a target next face surface which is located in front of the actual face in the axial direction of the tunnel and is a virtual face after excavation by the next blasting,
A hole tail setting step of setting a position of a hole tail which is an end point of the blasting hole for the next blasting on the target next face,
A guide cell movable boundary setting step of setting a guide cell movable boundary radially inward from the designed peripheral surface of the tunnel,
An opening end setting step of setting a position of an opening end which is a starting point of the blasting hole on the actual face , based on the set position of the hole tail and the guide cell movable boundary ,
A drilling line setting step of setting a blasting hole drilling line passing through the hole tail and the opening end,
Contacting the tip of the drilling rod with the opening end;
A drilling step of propelling the drilling rod along the blasting hole drilling line to drill the blasting hole,
Including tunnel excavation methods. Further comprising a virtual facet setting step of setting a virtual facet that passes through the rearmost point on the actual facet and is orthogonal to the axis of the tunnel;
In the open end setting step sets a virtual open end to the intersection between the guide cell moving boundary definitive on the virtual working face surface and the virtual working face surface,
In the drilling line setting step, the blasting drilling line is set to pass through the virtual opening end and the hole bottom,
2. The tunnel excavation method according to claim 1 , wherein in the opening end portion setting step, an intersection between the blasting hole line and the actual face is set as a position of the opening end portion. 3. In the open end setting step, the actual working face surface has been moved from the definitive in a virtual working face surface of the guide cell movable boundary between the virtual open end of the previous SL virtual set as the intersection between the working face surface in the axial direction setting the position of the upper as the position of the open end, the tunnel excavation method according to claim 2. The blasting hole is an outer blasting hole arranged on the peripheral surface side of the tunnel,
The hole bottom setting step includes a target next circumferential surface setting step of setting a target next circumferential surface that is located radially outward from the designed circumferential surface of the tunnel and is a virtual circumferential surface after excavation by blasting. ,
The tunnel excavation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the hole tail setting step sets the hole tail at an intersection of the target next peripheral surface and the target next face. An actual drilling hole length calculation step of calculating an actual drilling hole length that is a distance from the opening end to the hole bottom,
The tunnel excavation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the drilling step, the blasting hole is drilled for the actual drilling length. A blasting hole setting system for setting the arrangement of blasting holes when excavating a tunnel,
An actual face measuring unit for measuring the actual face of the tunnel,
A target next face surface setting unit that is located forward of the actual face surface in the axial direction of the tunnel and sets a target next face surface that is a virtual face surface after excavation by the next blasting,
On the target next face surface, a hole butt setting unit that sets the position of the hole butt that is the end point of the blasting hole for the next blasting ,
A guide cell movable boundary setting unit that sets a guide cell movable boundary radially inward from the designed peripheral surface of the tunnel,
Based on the set position of the hole tail and the guide cell movable boundary, on the actual face, an opening end setting unit that sets the position of the opening end which is the starting point of the blasting hole,
A blasting hole setting system comprising: a piercing line setting unit that sets a blasting hole line passing through the hole tail and the opening end. Further comprising a virtual face-face setting unit that sets a virtual face-face that passes through the rearmost point on the actual face and is orthogonal to the axis of the tunnel,
The opening end setting unit sets a virtual opening end at an intersection of the guide cell movable boundary and the virtual face on the virtual face,
The drilling line setting unit sets the blasting drilling line to pass through the virtual opening end and the hole tail,
The blasting hole setting system according to claim 6, wherein the opening end portion setting unit sets an intersection point between the blasting hole line and the actual cutting face as a position of the opening end portion.

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