JP6670108B2 - 水素化および脱水素法のためのアミノ−ホスフィンリガンドに基づく錯体触媒 - Google Patents
水素化および脱水素法のためのアミノ−ホスフィンリガンドに基づく錯体触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6670108B2 JP6670108B2 JP2015561871A JP2015561871A JP6670108B2 JP 6670108 B2 JP6670108 B2 JP 6670108B2 JP 2015561871 A JP2015561871 A JP 2015561871A JP 2015561871 A JP2015561871 A JP 2015561871A JP 6670108 B2 JP6670108 B2 JP 6670108B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 62
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 70
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- XQJHRCVXRAJIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminophosphine Chemical compound PN XQJHRCVXRAJIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 77
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 7
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- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- CWZVMVIHYSYLSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromo-5-[3,5-dibromo-4-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl-2-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)benzene Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C(OCC(Br)CBr)=C(Br)C=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(Br)=C(OCC(Br)CBr)C(Br)=C1 CWZVMVIHYSYLSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 0 CCC[C@](C)(C(*)C(C)(C)*)NC(C)(CC)C(*)*(CC)[C@@](C)C=C* Chemical compound CCC[C@](C)(C(*)C(C)(C)*)NC(C)(CC)C(*)*(CC)[C@@](C)C=C* 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QPMJENKZJUFOON-PLNGDYQASA-N ethyl (z)-3-chloro-2-cyano-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate Chemical group CCOC(=O)C(\C#N)=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F QPMJENKZJUFOON-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
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- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Images
Classifications
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Description
本願は、その全体が参照により本明細書中でその内容が援用される、2013年3月15日に出願された、米国特許仮出願第61/792,949号明細書の利益を請求する。
極性C=X(式中、XはOまたはNである)結合の還元は最も基本的な有機反応の1つであり、様々な有機アルコールおよびアミンの合成にとって有用である。エステルおよびイミンの還元は、典型的には主族水素化物試薬、例えばLiAlH4を使用して、または分子水素を使用して達成される。水素化物還元試薬の使用は、特に大規模では不都合であり、また費用がかかり、さらに、このアプローチは大量の化学廃棄物を生じる。水素化物還元法はクエンチングの段階で危険なほどに発熱性である可能性があり、制御が困難である可能性がある。したがって、水素ガス下でのエステルの接触還元は、比較上、古典的な水素化物還元の可能な「環境にやさしい」代替手段である。
式中、
R1、R2、R3、およびR4の各々はそれぞれ独立して、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、または置換もしくは非置換アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基である、あるいはそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、R2、R3、R4基のうちのいずれか2つは、場合によって置換されていてもよい飽和もしくは部分飽和シクロアルキル、または場合によって置換されていてもよいアリールもしくはヘテロアリールを形成する;
Wは酸素原子またはNH基である;
W’は酸素原子または窒素原子である;
破線は、存在して1つの二重結合の存在を示すか、または存在しないかのいずれかである;
Rは、存在しない、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基である;
R’は、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基、PR2であるか、あるいはR5およびそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成する;そして
nおよびmは各々独立して、1または2の整数である。
M(PWNN)XkY (IV)
M(PWNWP)XkY (V)
の金属錯体が提供され、
式中、Mは遷移金属である;
各Xは、同時にまたは独立して、水素またはハロゲン原子、C1〜C5アルキルラジカル、ヒドロキシル基、またはC1〜C7アルコキシラジカルを表す;
Yは、CO、NO、カルベン、イソニトリル、ニトリル、ホスファイト、ホスフィナイト、またはホスフィン、例えば、PMe3、PPh3、PCy3、P(iPr)3である;
kは1または2の整数である;そして
PWNNおよびPWNWPは、式A
式中、
R1、R2、R3、およびR4の各々はそれぞれ独立して、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基である、あるいはそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、R2、R3、R4基のうちのいずれか2つは、場合によって置換されていてもよい飽和もしくは部分飽和シクロアルキル、または場合によって置換されていてもよいアリールもしくはヘテロアリールを形成する;
Wは酸素原子またはNH基である;
W’は酸素または窒素原子である;
破線は存在して1つの二重結合の存在を示すか、または存在しないかのいずれかである;
Rは、存在しない、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基である;
R’は、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基、PR2であるか、あるいはR5およびそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールを形成する;そして
nおよびmは各々独立して、1または2の整数であり、
ここで、PWNNリガンドにおいて、W’は窒素原子であり、PWNWPリガンドにおいて、W’は酸素または窒素原子であり、R’はPR2である、そして
式IVまたはVの金属錯体は中性またはカチオン性のいずれかである。
の構造を有するPWNNリガンド;または
式III
の構造を有するPWNWPリガンド
を含む、式(IV)または(V)の金属錯体が提供される。
(式中、G1、G2、およびG3基は同時にまたは独立して、直鎖、分枝C1〜C40もしくは環状C3〜C40アルキル、アルケニルまたは芳香族基であって、場合によって置換されていてもよいものを表す)。
特に別段の定めのない限り、本明細書中で使用されるすべての技術用語および科学用語は、本発明が属する分野の通常の技術者によって通常理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。
本明細書中で記載する過程は、式IVまたはV
M(PWNN)XkY (IV)
M(PWNWP)XkY (V)
の遷移金属錯体の形態での触媒またはプレ触媒の存在下で実施され、
式中、Mは遷移金属である;
各Xは、同時に、または独立して、水素またはハロゲン原子、C1〜C5アルキルラジカル、ヒドロキシル基、またはC1〜C7アルコキシラジカルを表す;
Yは、CO、NO、カルベン、イソニトリル、ニトリル、ホスファイト、ホスフィナイト、またはホスフィン、例えば、PMe3、PPh3、PCy3、P(iPr)3である;
kは1または2の整数である;そして
PWNNおよびPWNWPは、式A
式中、
R1、R2、R3、およびR4の各々はそれぞれ独立して、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、または置換もしくは非置換アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基である、あるいはそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、R2、R3、R4基のうちのいずれか2つは、場合によって置換されていてもよい飽和もしくは部分飽和シクロアルキル、または場合によって置換されていてもよいアリールもしくはヘテロアリールを形成する;
Wは酸素原子またはNH基である;
W’は酸素または窒素原子である;
破線は、存在して1つの二重結合の存在を示すか、または存在しないかのいずれかである;
Rは、存在しない、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基である;
R’は、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル(例えば、C1〜C8アルキルまたはC8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル(例えば、環状C3〜C8アルキルまたは環状C8〜C12アルキル)、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル(例えば、C3〜C8アルケニルまたはC8〜C12アルケニル)、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基、PR2である、あるいはR5およびそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリール(その非限定的例は、ピリジル、フラニル、イミダゾリル、ピラゾリルまたはオキサゾリルである)を形成する;そして
nおよびmは各々独立して、1または2の整数であり、
ここで、PWNNリガンドにおいて、W’は窒素原子であり、PWNWPリガンドにおいて、W’は酸素または窒素原子であり、R’はPR2である、そして
式IVまたはVの金属錯体は中性またはカチオン性のいずれかである。
本願はさらに接触水素化過程を提供する。上述の式IVおよびVの触媒錯体は、C=OおよびC=N結合の還元において高い反応性を有することが示されている。例えば、エステル、ケトン、エナール、エノン、エノエート、植物油および種子油、複数のエステル基を有するエステルおよびイミンを、ここで記載する接触水素化過程を使用して水素化できる。
本願は、式IVまたはVの触媒錯体を使用する接触脱水素の過程をさらに提供する。例えば、これらの触媒またはプレ触媒は、1以上の−CH2OH基を有するCn(n=2〜200)アルコールを脱水素し、それによって水素ガスおよび対応するエステルまたはラクトンを生じるのに好適である。基質は、次式:
a反応は、75mLのオートクレーブ中、100℃および50バールのH2圧力でTHF中20ミリモルの基質を使用して実施した。b反応は、15mLのTHF中、0.1モルの基質を使用して300mLのオートクレーブ中で実施した。c3−ノネン−1−オール/1−ノナノール=90/10比。d10−ウンデセン−1−オール/1−ウンデカノール=82/11比。e10−ウンデセン−1−オール/1−ウンデカノール=63/24。f10−ウンデセン−1−オール/1−ウンデカノール=63/13。gE,E−9,12−オクタデカジエン−1−オール/E,Z−9,11−オクタデカジエン−1−オール/Z,E−10,12−オクタデカジエン−1−オール=57/22/21
上記のとおり、エステル/エノレート水素化において化学選択性を達成することは困難である;効率的な触媒はほとんど知られておらず、知られているものは最近になってようやく利用可能になった。ヒマシ油から誘導される化学物質である10−ウンデセン酸メチルの水素化を、現在利用可能な触媒(I〜V)および本明細書中で開示されているもの(1、3、4)を用いて調査した。10−ウンデセン酸メチル水素化の最も望ましい生成物と考えられる10−ウンデセノールは、香料製品およびポリマー化合物の有益な材料である。水素化触媒I〜V(図2を参照のこと)を使用する10−ウンデセン酸メチルの水素化の結果を、表4に概略的に記載した。10−ウンデセノールのビニル基は、NMRによって反応混合物中で容易に同定された。C=C結合の水素化によって、それぞれδ0.89および14.1ppmで1Hおよび13Cメチル共鳴が生じる一方で、9−エン生成物はδ12.6、123.7、131.0(Z)および17.8、124.8、131.9(E)で異なる13Cシフトを示した。
Claims (28)
- 式Aまたは式Icの構造を有し、
R1、R2、R3、およびR4の各々はそれぞれ独立して、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール基である、あるいはそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、R2、R3、R4基のいずれか2つは、場合によって置換されていてもよい飽和もしくは部分飽和シクロアルキル、または場合によって置換されていてもよいアリールもしくはヘテロアリールを形成する;
Wは酸素原子またはNH基である;
W’は酸素原子または窒素原子である;
破線は、存在して1つの二重結合の存在を示すか、または存在しないかのいずれかである;
前記式A中、Rは、存在しない、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖または分枝C1〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基である;
前記式Ic中、Rは、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖または分枝C1〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル、あるいは置換もしくは非置換アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基である;
R’は、R5と一緒になり、R’およびR5が結合している原子と、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールである環を形成する;
nおよびmは各々独立して、1または2の整数である;
アリールは、6〜50個の炭素原子を含む;そして、
ヘテロアリールは、O、S、およびNからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのヘテロ原子に加えて、4〜8個の炭素原子を含む化合物。 - 前記ヘテロアリールは、ピリジル、フラニル、イミダゾリル、ピラゾリルおよびオキサゾリルから選択される、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- nが1である、またはmが1である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- nおよびmがどちらも1である、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- 遷移金属に配位する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 前記遷移金属が7族金属、8族金属、9族金属、または10族金属である、請求項7に記載の化合物。
- 前記遷移金属がRuまたはOsである、請求項7に記載の化合物。
- 式IV
M(PWNN)XkY (IV)
の金属錯体であって、
式中、Mは遷移金属であり、前記7族金属、前記8族金属、および、前記9族金属から選択される;;
各Xは、同時にまたは独立して、水素またはハロゲン原子、C1〜C5アルキルラジカル、ヒドロキシル基、またはC1〜C7アルコキシラジカルを表す;
Yは、CO、NO、カルベン、イソニトリル、ニトリル、ホスファイト、ホスフィナイト、またはホスフィンである;
kは1または2の整数である;そして
PWNNが、式Aまたは式Ic
式中、
R1、R2、R3、およびR4の各々はそれぞれ独立して、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル、または置換もしくは非置換アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基である、あるいはそれらが結合している原子と一緒になった場合、R2、R3、R4基のうちのいずれか2つは、場合によって置換されていてもよい飽和もしくは部分飽和シクロアルキル、または場合によって置換されていてもよいアリールもしくはヘテロアリールを形成する;
Wは酸素原子またはNH基である;
W’は酸素または窒素原子である;
破線は、存在して1つの二重結合の存在を示すか、または存在しないかのいずれかである;
前記式A中、Rは、存在しない、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル、または置換もしくは非置換アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基である;
前記式Ic中、Rは、H、置換もしくは非置換直鎖もしくは分枝C1〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換環状C3〜C12アルキル、置換もしくは非置換C3〜C12アルケニル、または置換もしくは非置換アリールもしくはヘテロアリール基である;
R’は、R5と一緒になり、R’およびR5が結合している原子と、置換もしくは非置換ヘテロアリールである環を形成する;そして
nおよびmは各々独立して、1または2の整数であり、
PWNNリガンドにおいて、W’は窒素原子であり、
式IVの金属錯体は中性またはカチオン性のいずれかであり、
アリールは、6〜50個の炭素原子を含み、
ヘテロアリールは、O、S、およびNからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのヘテロ原子に加えて、4〜8個の炭素原子を含む、金属錯体。 - 前記ヘテロアリールは、ピリジル、フラニル、イミダゾリル、ピラゾリルまたはオキサゾリルから選択される、請求項10に記載の金属錯体。
- nが1である、またはmが1である、請求項10〜12のいずれか1項に記載の金属錯体。
- nおよびmがどちらも1である、請求項13に記載の金属錯体。
- MがRuまたはOsである、請求項10に記載の金属錯体。
- Yは、ホスフィンであり、PMe3、PPh3、PCy3およびP(iPr)3から選択される、
請求項10に記載の金属錯体。 - 基質の水素化のための方法であって、加圧下において水素を用いて、前記基質を、触媒量の請求項10〜18のいずれか1項に記載の金属錯体で処理することを含む、方法。
- 前記基質を、触媒量の前記金属錯体で、塩基、溶媒または両者の存在下で処理する、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記処理ステップを、0℃〜200℃の反応温度で実施する、請求項19または20に記載の方法。
- 前記基質が、少なくとも1つエステル、エナール、エノン、またはエノレート部分を有する、請求項19〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 金属錯体の前記触媒量が、10〜1000ppmである、請求項19〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記水素圧力が、1〜200barである、請求項19〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記水素化が位置選択的に、化学選択的に、および/または立体選択的に進行する、請求項19〜26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、溶媒、塩基または両者の不在下で実施される、請求項19に記載の方法。
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