JP6656654B2 - 腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤並びにこれを含む腱及び靱帯損傷治療用医薬組成物 - Google Patents
腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤並びにこれを含む腱及び靱帯損傷治療用医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
しかしながら、現在まで、薬物投与によって腱及び靱帯の損傷を治療する有効な方法については知られていない。
すなわち、前記目的に沿う本発明の第1の態様は、魚類の動脈球から、脂質、可溶性タンパク質及びコラーゲンを除去して得られるエラスチンの加水分解物、ジペプチドのプロリン−グリシン(Pro−Gly)、それらの塩からなる群より選択される1又は複数の化合物を有効成分として含み、腱及び靱帯の損傷部位における骨化及び瘢痕組織の形成を抑制し、正常組織の形成を促進し、損傷部位を治療させるための腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤を提供することにより上記課題を解決するものである。
なお、本発明において、特に断らない限り「%」は「重量%」を意味する。
本発明の一実施の形態に係る腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤は、魚類の動脈球から、脂質、可溶性タンパク質及びコラーゲンを除去して得られる不溶性タンパク質の加水分解物である1又は複数種のペプチド(以下、「エラスチンペプチド」と略称する場合がある。)、ジペプチドのプロリン−グリシン(Pro−Gly)、それらの塩及びそれらの誘導体からなる群より選択される1又は複数の化合物を有効成分として含んでいる。
上記の有効成分のうち、まず、エラスチンペプチドについて説明する。
まず、原料として使用する動脈球から血液を除去するために流水で洗浄後、粉砕する。粉砕は、ホモジナイザー、フードカッター等の任意の公知の手段により行うことができる。次いで、粉砕した動脈球から、脂質、可溶性タンパク質、コラーゲンを除去することにより、エラスチンを主成分とする不溶性タンパク質が得られるが、原料のさらなる洗浄及び以後の処理を容易にするための前処理として、アルカリ溶液を用いた浸漬処理を行うことが好ましい。
また、不溶物が存在する場合には、ろ過、遠心分離、デカンテーション等の任意の方法を用いて除去することができる。ろ過による除去の場合には、必要に応じて、溶液中に含まれる不溶物以外の不純物(エラスチンペプチド以外の着色成分等)を除去するために活性炭、ベントナイト、セライト等の吸着剤やろ過助剤を添加してもよい。特に溶液のまま使用する場合には、メンブレンフィルター等による除菌ろ過を併せて行うことが好ましい。このようにして得られるエラスチンペプチドは、そのまま溶液として用いてもよく、或いは、更に濃縮後噴霧乾燥又は凍結乾燥を行うことにより得られる粉末の形態で用いてもよい。
新鮮なカツオより動脈球(100g)を採取し、流水洗浄後粉砕した。原料の前処理として0.02N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に冷蔵庫中で1週間浸漬した。浸漬後、流水洗浄により過剰のアルカリを除去し、排出液が中性となるまで流水洗浄した。これに3倍容の蒸留水を加え、95℃に加熱後、上清を取り除くことにより、脂質及びコラーゲンを除去した。残留物をフードカッターで細片化し、プロチンAC−10F(大和化成製、0.5%)及びプロテアーゼN「アマノ」G(天野エンザイム製、0.1%)を基質量の1%添加し、10時間分解を行った。85℃以上の温度で加熱失活を行い、ろ過及び遠心分離により残渣を分離した。その後精密ろ過によって清澄化した抽出液を噴霧乾燥し、水溶性のエラスチンペプチド粉末(8g)を得た。
原料として新鮮なハマチより採取した動脈球を用い、実施例1と同様の操作により、エラスチンペプチド粉末を得た。
原料として新鮮なマグロより採取した動脈球を用い、実施例1と同様の操作により、エラスチンペプチド粉末を得た。
12週齢の家兎の下肢膝内側側副靱帯の部分切断手術を行うことにより、家兎MCL損傷モデルを作成した。
実施例4で作成した家兎MCL損傷モデルを経口摂取群(エラスチンペプチド投与群12匹、経口摂取コントロール群14匹)、局所投与群(Pro−Gly局所投与群11匹、局所投与コントロール群9匹)に分け、前者には餌に混入したカツオ由来エラスチンペプチド(125mg/kg/日、コントロール群には通常の餌)を摂取させ、後者にはPro−Gly(100μg/mL生理食塩水溶液、コントロール群には同量の生理食塩水)を週1回投与した。投与は6週間にわたって行い、投与終了後に、膝内側側副靱帯の力学強度試験、免疫蛍光染色試験及び遺伝子発現定量試験を行い、通常の家兎(正常群:4匹)と比較した。
各群の家兎MCL損傷モデル及び正常群の家兎より、大腿骨及び脛骨を靱帯ごと取り出し、内側側副靱帯以外の全ての靱帯を切断した。内側側副靱帯の厚さ、自然長(無過重条件下における、骨に接合していない部分の長さ)、幅、大腿骨及び脛骨との接合部の長さ及び全長をノギスで計測した。大腿骨及び脛骨に、ドリルで直径3mmの穴を2つずつあけ、引張試験機のクロスヘッドに固定し、弾性率及び破断強度の測定を行った。
内側側副靱帯を伸ばす方向にクロスヘッドを移動させ、応力が15N以下の場合における内側側副靱帯の長さと応力との関係を測定し、下式により弾性率を計算した。
弾性率(Pa)=応力(Pa)/ひずみ
なお、ひずみ=測定長(mm)/自然長(mm)である。
内側側副靱帯が破断するまで内側側副靱帯を伸ばす方向にクロスヘッドを移動させ、破断時の最大応力及び内側側副靱帯の長さを測定した。
内側側副靱帯の最大荷重及び最大変形量は、上記測定結果を用いて下式により計算した。
最大荷重(N)=弾性率(Pa)×断面積(mm2)
なお、断面積(mm2)=幅(mm)×厚さ(mm)である。
最大変形量(mm3)=変形長(mm)×断面積(mm2)
なお、変形長(mm)=破断時の長さ(mm)−自然長(mm)である。
上述の[1]に示した方法で、各群の家兎MCL損傷モデル及び正常群の家兎より取り出した内側側副靱帯の一部を包埋剤(サクラファインテックジャパン製O.C.T.Compound 4583)に包埋し、液体窒素で急冷後、−80℃の冷凍庫中で保存した。このようにして作製した凍結組織ブロックから、クリオスタットを用いて凍結切片を作製した。−20℃に冷却したアセトン/メタノール(1:1)に凍結切片を5分間浸漬し、アセトン固定を行った後、10分間風乾した。1%BSA(ウシ血清アルブミン)/PBS(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水)で20分間置換後、一次抗体(抗−ウサギ−マウスI型コラーゲン抗体、抗−ウサギ−マウスIII型コラーゲン抗体、抗−ウサギ−マウスエラスチン抗体、抗−ウサギ−マウスオステオポンチン抗体、抗−ウサギ−マウスALP抗体、:1%BSA/PBSで希釈(希釈率1:50))100μLを加え、4℃、飽和湿度で終夜放置し、一次抗体を結合させた。一次抗体を吸引除去後、一次抗体を固定した切片をPBSで3回洗浄した。次いで、1%BSA/PBSで希釈したヨウ化プロピジウム(希釈率1:200)及び二次抗体(抗−マウスIgG抗体−Dylight:希釈率1:200)を各100μL加え、90分間暗所に室温で放置した。二次抗体を除去後、PBSで3回洗浄した。このようにして得られた蛍光染色切片を、90%グリセロール/PBSでスライドガラス上にマウント後、マニキュアを用いて密閉し、自然乾燥させた。このようにして得られた蛍光染色切片サンプルを、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡で観察し、顕微蛍光画像データを取得した。画像解析ソフトImageJ(NIH)を用いて画像データを解析し、組織1mm2あたりの発光強度を求めた。
上述の[1]に示した方法で、各群の家兎MCL損傷モデルの患部及び端部より取り出した内側側副靱帯を粉末状にし、RNAを抽出した。得られたRNAを精製し、逆転写反応によりRNAと相補的な塩基配列を有するDNAを合成した。RT−PCR(リアルタイムPCR法)によりDNAを増幅し、DNAを定量することにより、当該DNAと相補的な塩基配列を有する各遺伝子(RNA)の発現量の定量を行った。定量対象とした遺伝子は、I型コラーゲンmRNA、III型コラーゲンmRNA、テノモジュリンmRNA、オステオポンチンmRNA、ALPmRNA及びエラスチンmRNAである。
Claims (7)
- 魚類の動脈球から、脂質、可溶性タンパク質及びコラーゲンを除去して得られるエラスチンの加水分解物、ジペプチドのプロリン−グリシン(Pro−Gly)、それらの塩からなる群より選択される1又は複数の化合物を有効成分として含み、腱及び靱帯の損傷部位における骨化及び瘢痕組織の形成を抑制し、正常組織の形成を促進し、損傷部位を治療させるための腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤。
- 前記魚類がカツオ、マグロ、タラ、ハマチ及びサケのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤。
- 前記ペプチドのうち、70重量%以上が分子量1000以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤。
- 腱細胞及び腱組織並びに靱帯細胞及び靱帯組織における、エラスチンmRNA及びテノモジュリンmRNAの一方又は双方の発現を促進する活性を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の腱及び靱帯損傷治療剤を含む腱及び靱帯損傷治療用医薬組成物。
- カツオ、ハマチ及びマグロのいずれかの動脈球から、脂質、可溶性タンパク質及びコラーゲンを除去して得られるエラスチンの加水分解物を含む経口投与剤であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の腱及び靱帯損傷治療用医薬組成物。
- ジペプチドのプロリン−グリシン(Pro−Gly)、その塩から選択される1又は複数を含む経口投与剤であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の腱及び靱帯損傷治療用医薬組成物。
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