JP6653752B2 - 氷点下の温度での燃料電池システムの停止及び保管方法 - Google Patents
氷点下の温度での燃料電池システムの停止及び保管方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 31
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 78
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/04917—Current of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Description
本方法の別の変形では、初期加温動作が事前設定加温動作とは異なる。ここで、燃料電池スタックに供給される反応物ガス(燃料または酸化剤反応物ガス、またはその両方)の流量及び/または圧力の任意選択的な1つは、初期加温動作中に、事前設定加温動作中よりも大きくすることができる。別の代替的な選択肢では、初期加温動作は、スタックを初期目標温度に加熱し、事前設定加温動作は、スタックを事前設定目標温度に加熱し、初期目標温度は、事前設定目標温度よりも高くなるように選択することができる。さらに別の代替的な選択肢では、初期加温動作は、初期期間にわたってスタックを加熱することができ、事前設定加温動作は、事前設定期間にわたってスタックを加熱することができ、初期期間は、事前設定期間より長くすることができる。
Claims (15)
- 燃料電池システムを停止及び保管するための方法であって、前記燃料電池システムが電力を生成する燃料電池スタック及び前記燃料電池スタックを加熱するためのエネルギーサプライを備え、前記方法が、
前記燃料電池スタックでの電力生成を停止するステップと、
前記燃料電池スタックの温度を監視するステップと、
前記燃料電池スタックの温度が初期閾値温度に低下した場合に、初期加温動作を実行するステップと、
前記燃料電池スタックの温度を監視するステップ、及び前記燃料電池スタックの温度が標準閾値温度に低下した場合に、事前設定加温動作を実行するステップ、を繰り返し実行するステップと、
を含み、
前記初期閾値温度及び前記初期加温動作のうちの少なくとも1つが、それぞれ前記標準閾値温度及び前記事前設定加温動作とは異なることを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記燃料電池スタック内のセルの平均水和状態を決定するステップをさらに含み、前記初期加温動作が、前記決定された平均水和状態の関数である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標準閾値温度が、0℃未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記初期閾値温度が、前記標準閾値温度よりも高い、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記初期加温動作が、前記事前設定加温動作とは異なる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料電池スタックに供給される反応物ガスの流量及び圧力のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記事前設定加温動作中よりも前記初期加温動作中に大きい、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記初期加温動作は、前記燃料電池スタックを初期目標温度に加熱し、前記事前設定加温動作は、前記燃料電池スタックを事前設定目標温度に加熱し、前記初期目標温度は、前記事前設定目標温度よりも高い、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記初期加温動作は、前記燃料電池スタックを初期期間にわたって加熱し、前記事前設定加温動作は、前記燃料電池スタックを事前設定期間にわたって加熱し、前記初期期間は、前記事前設定期間よりも長い、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料電池スタック内のセルの平均水和状態を決定する前記ステップは、電力生成を停止する直前に既知のスタック動作条件に基づいて前記状態を導出するステップと、平均セル導電率を測定するステップと、前記燃料電池スタックの分極特性を基準状態と比較するステップと、からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記初期加温動作を実行する前記ステップ及び前記事前設定加温動作を実行する前記ステップは、前記燃料電池スタックで電力を生成するステップと、前記燃料電池スタックを電気ヒータで加熱するステップと、からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標準閾値温度は、前記燃料電池スタックの性能が経時的に低下するにつれて上昇する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記事前設定目標温度は、前記燃料電池スタックの性能が経時的に低下するにつれて上昇する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記電力生成を停止するステップと前記初期加温動作との間に、追加のステップを含まない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電力生成を停止するステップと前記初期加温動作との間に、パージステップを含まない、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 燃料電池スタックと、
前記燃料電池スタックを加熱するためのエネルギーサプライと、
前記燃料電池スタックの温度を監視するための装置と、
初期加温動作及び事前設定加温動作を実行するための装置と、
を含む燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムが、請求項1に記載の方法に従って動作するように構成される、燃料電池システム。
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US201562220985P | 2015-09-19 | 2015-09-19 | |
US62/220,985 | 2015-09-19 | ||
PCT/IB2016/001194 WO2017046640A1 (en) | 2015-09-19 | 2016-08-22 | Shutdown and storage method for fuel cell system at below freezing temperatures |
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JP2018527714A5 JP2018527714A5 (ja) | 2019-08-15 |
JP6653752B2 true JP6653752B2 (ja) | 2020-02-26 |
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DE102019128429A1 (de) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-22 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zum Abstellen und Neustarten einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung, Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung |
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US20070029828A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Julia Pilas | Catch-it |
JP2007258024A (ja) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-10-04 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 燃料電池システム |
US8574776B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2013-11-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell system water management strategy for freeze capability |
JP5157163B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-27 | 2013-03-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システム搭載移動体 |
JP2008210646A (ja) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-09-11 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
JP2009026483A (ja) * | 2007-07-17 | 2009-02-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池の運転方法 |
US8119294B2 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2012-02-21 | Clearedge Power, Inc. | System and method for operating a high temperature fuel cell as a back-up power supply with reduced performance decay |
FR2929761B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-03 | 2010-05-28 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de stockage d'une pile a combustible a temperature negative. |
JP2010198786A (ja) * | 2009-02-23 | 2010-09-09 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
US9030166B2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2015-05-12 | Nikon Corporation | Electronic device, and method controlling electronic power supply |
KR101112662B1 (ko) * | 2010-04-05 | 2012-02-15 | 주식회사 아모그린텍 | 대용량 금속 촉매 담체 및 이를 이용한 촉매 컨버터 |
US9472819B2 (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-10-18 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Warming feature for aircraft fuel cells |
US8900766B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-12-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Automated cold storage protection for a fuel cell system |
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US9537088B1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-03 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Magnetic tunnel junctions |
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