JP6629747B2 - TATk−CDKL5融合タンパク質、組成物、製剤、及びそれらの使用 - Google Patents
TATk−CDKL5融合タンパク質、組成物、製剤、及びそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6629747B2 JP6629747B2 JP2016553630A JP2016553630A JP6629747B2 JP 6629747 B2 JP6629747 B2 JP 6629747B2 JP 2016553630 A JP2016553630 A JP 2016553630A JP 2016553630 A JP2016553630 A JP 2016553630A JP 6629747 B2 JP6629747 B2 JP 6629747B2
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- cdkl5
- fusion protein
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Description
本願は、「TATk−CDKL5 FUSION PROTEINS,COMPOSITIONS,FORMULATIONS,AND THEIR METHODS OF MAKING AND METHODS OF USING」と題される2014年2月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/946,280号明細書の利益を主張し、その開示は全体として本明細書に援用される。
本願は、作成日2015年2月27日及びサイズ84,059バイトの02158765.txtと題されるASCII.txtファイルとして電子形式で提出される配列表を含む。この配列表の内容は、全体として本明細書に援用される。
用語「生体適合性」は、本明細書で使用されるとき、任意の代謝産物又はその分解産物を含め、概してレシピエントにとって非毒性の、且つレシピエントにいかなる重大な有害作用も引き起こさない材料を指す。一般的に言えば、生体適合性材料は、患者に投与したときに重大な炎症反応又は免疫反応を誘発しない材料である。
TATk−CDKL5融合遺伝子及びタンパク質
融合遺伝子及びタンパク質
本明細書には、修飾TAT(TATk)配列を含む様々なCDKL5融合タンパク質をコードする組換えcDNA配列が開示される。一実施形態において、この融合タンパク質は、TATkポリペプチドに作動可能に結合しているヒトCDKL5ポリペプチドを含む。CDKL5融合タンパク質をコードするcDNA配列は、配列番号2、7、9、11、13のいずれか一つに従う配列、又は本明細書に記載されるその変異体を有し得る。CDKL5融合タンパク質は、配列番号8、10、12、14のいずれか一つに従うポリペプチド配列、又は本明細書に記載されるその変異体を有し得る。
CDKL5融合cDNA配列は、好適な発現ベクターに導入することができる。発現ベクターは、CDKL5融合cDNAの発現を促進するために使用される1つ以上の調節配列又は1つ以上の他の配列を含み得る。発現ベクターは、CDKL5融合発現ベクターの複製を促進するために使用される1つ以上の調節配列又は1つ以上の他の配列を含み得る。発現ベクターは細菌細胞におけるCDKL5融合タンパク質の発現に好適であり得る。他の実施形態において、発現ベクターは酵母細胞におけるCDKL5融合タンパク質の発現に好適であり得る。さらなる実施形態において、発現ベクターは植物細胞におけるCDKL5融合タンパク質の発現に好適であり得る。他の実施形態において、発現ベクターは哺乳類細胞におけるCDKL5融合タンパク質の発現に好適であり得る。別の実施形態において、ベクターは真菌細胞におけるCDKL5融合タンパク質の発現に好適であり得る。好適な発現ベクターは、概して当該技術分野において(in the heart)公知である。
一部の実施形態において、CDKL5融合タンパク質は細胞培養系においてインビトロで作製される。細胞培養系は1つ以上の細菌、酵母、真菌、植物、又は哺乳類細胞を含み得る。一部の実施形態において、CDKL5融合タンパク質は1つ又は複数の培養細胞によって細胞培養培地中に分泌される。他の実施形態において、CDKL5融合タンパク質は1つ又は複数の培養細胞の細胞質内又は膜内に含まれる。
本開示の範囲内にはまた、本明細書に記載されるとおりのCDKL5融合タンパク質を含有する組成物及び製剤もある。本組成物は、本明細書に記載される方法に従い作製することができるCDKL5融合タンパク質を含有する培地又は上清であってもよい。
本明細書に記載されるCDKL5融合タンパク質の治療有効量を含有する医薬製剤は、薬学的に許容可能な担体をさらに含み得る。好適な薬学的に許容可能な担体としては、限定はされないが、活性組成物と有害な反応を起こすことのない水、塩溶液、アルコール類、アラビアゴム、植物油、ベンジルアルコール類、ポリエチレングリコール類、ゼラチン、炭水化物、例えばラクトース、アミロース又はデンプン、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、タルク、ケイ酸、粘性パラフィン、香油、脂肪酸エステル類、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、及びポリビニルピロリドンが挙げられる。
医薬製剤は、治療有効量のCDKL5融合タンパク質と、任意選択で治療有効量の補助薬剤とを含有し得る。一部の実施形態において、CDKL5融合タンパク質の治療有効量は約1μg/kg〜約10mg/kgの範囲であり得る。さらなる実施形態において、CDKL5融合タンパク質の治療有効量は1ng/g体重〜約0.1mg/g体重の範囲であり得る。CDKL5融合タンパク質の治療有効量は約1pg〜約10gの範囲であり得る。一部の実施形態において、CDKL5融合タンパク質又はCDKL5融合タンパク質を含有する医薬組成物の治療有効量は約10nL〜約10mLの範囲であり得る。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書に記載される医薬製剤は投薬形態であり得る。投薬形態は、任意の適切な経路による投与に適合され得る。適切な経路としては、限定はされないが、経口(頬側又は舌下を含む)、直腸、硬膜外、頭蓋内、眼内、吸入、鼻腔内、局所(頬側、舌下、又は経皮を含む)、腟内、尿道内、非経口、頭蓋内、皮下、筋肉内、静脈内、腹腔内、皮内、骨内、心臓内、関節内、空洞内、くも膜下腔内、硝子体内(intravireal)、脳内、及び脳室内及び皮内が挙げられる。かかる製剤は、当該技術分野において公知の任意の方法によって調製し得る。
本明細書に記載されるCDKL5融合タンパク質及びその医薬製剤は、対象における疾患、障害、症候群、又はその症状の治療及び/又は予防に使用することができる。一部の実施形態において、CDKL5融合タンパク質及びその医薬製剤は、CDKL5欠損症、レット症候群、レット症候群のバリアント、及び/又はその症状の治療及び/又は予防に使用することができる。一部の実施形態において、対象は、CDKL5欠損症、レット症候群、レット症候群のバリアント、及び/又はその症状を有する。
本明細書に記載されるCDKL5融合タンパク質、CDKL5融合タンパク質を含有する組成物、及びその医薬製剤は、組み合わせキットとして提供され得る。本明細書で使用されるとき、用語「組み合わせキット」又は「パーツのキット」は、本明細書に記載されるCDKL5融合タンパク質、CDKL5融合タンパク質を含有する組成物、及びその医薬製剤、並びにそこに含まれる要素の組み合わせ又は単一の要素、例えば活性成分の包装、販売、流通、送達、及び/又は投与に使用されるさらなる構成要素を指す。かかるさらなる構成要素には、限定はされないが、パッケージング、シリンジ、ブリスターパッケージ、ボトルなどが含まれる。キットに含まれる構成要素(例えば、活性薬剤)の1つ以上が同時に投与される場合、組み合わせキットは活性薬剤を単一の医薬製剤(例えば、錠剤)又は別個の医薬製剤中に含み得る。
送達可能なTAT−CDKL5融合タンパク質を作製するため、TATドメイン中のフューリン認識配列の突然変異によって組換えタンパク質の分泌が可能となる合成TATκ−PTDを使用した。この分泌タンパク質は、標的細胞による取込みの成功が観察された。ヒトCDKL5を含有するTATk−CDKL5融合遺伝子を発現プラスミドpSecTag2(Life Technologies)にクローニングした。このプラスミドは、哺乳類宿主における遺伝子の発現及び標的タンパク質の高発現レベルが可能となるように設計されている。pSecTag2から発現したタンパク質は、培養培地中におけるタンパク質分泌のためN末端でマウスIgκ鎖リーダー配列に融合される。TATk−CDKL5融合タンパク質にGFPタンパク質タグを付加して、抗GFP抗体を使用したウエスタンブロット分析を可能にした。タンパク質精製を容易にするため、TATk−CDKL5融合タンパク質は、TATk−GFP−CDKL5遺伝子のC末端領域にmycタグ及び6xHisタグを含むように構成した。標準プラスミド送達方法を用いてHEK 293T細胞にTATk−GFP−CDKL5発現プラスミドをトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクション後、細胞を無血清培地(高グルコースダルベッコ変法イーグル培地)で成長させた。48時間後、培地を回収し、Amicon超遠心ろ過機(50kDaカットオフ)でダイアフィルトレーション及び濃縮を行った。この方法により、緩衝液交換及び分泌タンパク質の濃縮が可能である。
TATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質を精製するため、TATk−GFP−CDKL5遺伝子のC末端領域にmycタグ及び6xHisタグを付加した。培養培地からNi−NTA樹脂でTATk−GFP−CDKL5融合タンパク質を精製した。CDKL5キナーゼは高い自己リン酸化活性を有することが示されている。インビトロキナーゼ活性アッセイの結果を示す図5A及び図5Bに示されるとおり、精製TATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質はその自己リン酸化活性を維持している。これは、精製した融合タンパク質がそのキナーゼ活性を保持していることを実証している。
TATk−GFP−CDKL5融合タンパク質の形質導入効率を評価するため、HEK 293T細胞を精製/濃縮した融合タンパク質と共にインキュベートした。簡潔に言えば、TATk−GFP−CDKL5融合タンパク質を実施例1に記載されるとおり作製し、精製した。HEK 293細胞を、融合タンパク質を含有する濃縮培地中でインキュベートした。種々のインキュベーション時間後、細胞を溶解し、全タンパク質抽出物をニトロセルロース膜に移して免疫ブロット法によりTATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質を定量化した。図6に示すとおり、TATk−GFP−CDKL5は僅か約30分のインキュベーション後に細胞にインターナライズされる。並行して他の培養物を処理し、固定化し、抗GFP特異抗体で免疫染色して、形質導入されたTATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質を可視化した。図7A〜図7Bに示されるとおり、TATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質は効率的に細胞内に移行した。標的細胞におけるインターナリゼーションは共焦点顕微鏡法によって確認された(図8)。SH−SY5Y神経芽腫細胞を、融合タンパク質を含有する濃縮培地中で30分間インキュベートした。図8は、TATk−GFP−CDKL5形質導入SH−SY5Y細胞の一連の共焦点像(1〜12)の画像を示し、TATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質が標的細胞によってインターナライズされ、SH−SY5Y細胞の核及び細胞質の両方に局在していることを実証している(図8)。
中枢神経系にとってのCDKL5の重要性は明らかであるにも関わらず、このキナーゼの生物学的機能はほとんど分かっていない。CDKL5遺伝子は神経細胞の増殖及び分化の両方に影響を及ぼす(例えば、Valli et al.,2012.Biochim Biophys Acta.1819:1173−1185、及びRizzi et al.,2011.Brain Res.1415:23−33を参照のこと)。神経芽腫細胞は正常なニューロンと幾つかの特徴を共有し、従って、特にレチノイン酸(RA)などの薬剤による処理で分化を誘導する場合に、神経細胞の生化学的及び機能的特性の研究に良好なインビトロモデルと考えられている(例えば、Singh,2007 Brain Res.1154 p 8−21;Melino,1997 J.Neurooncol.31 pp 65−83を参照のこと)。このような理由で、CDKL5機能のインビトロ試験には神経芽腫細胞(neurobastoma cells)を用いた。
CDKL5ノックアウトマウスモデルは、最近になってMonterotondo、イタリアのEMBLにより、Cornelius Gross博士が率いるグループによって作り出された(Amendola,2014 PLoS One.9(5):e91613)。CDKL5機能喪失が新生ニューロンの樹状突起発達に及ぼす効果を確立するため、CDKL5 KOマウスに由来する新生海馬顆粒細胞の樹状形態を調べた。新生ニューロンの樹状形態は、神経突起伸長の間に未成熟ニューロンの細胞質でダブルコルチン(DCX)が発現することを利用して、このタンパク質に関する免疫組織化学によって分析した。図13A〜図13Bに示されるとおり、CDKL5ノックアウトマウス(−/Y)のDCX陽性細胞は、野生型(+/Y)対応物(図13A)と比較して極めて未成熟なパターンの樹状突起樹を呈した(図13B)。極めて未成熟なパターンは、分枝形成及び伸長がほとんどないことから明らかであり得る。CDKL5がないことにより、分裂終了未成熟顆粒ニューロン(DCX陽性細胞)に影響を及ぼすことが観察されたアポトーシス細胞死の増加(Fuchs,2014 Neurobiol Dis.70 p53−68)に起因して(データは示さず)、DCX陽性細胞数が低下した(図13B)。このデータは、CDKL5が新生ニューロンの神経前駆体の生存及び成熟に影響を及ぼすことにより、出生後神経形成において基本的な役割を果たすことを示唆している。Cdkl5ノックアウトマウスの脳室下帯(subventricolar zone)(SVZ)由来のニューロン前駆細胞(NPC)の培養物は、小脳顆粒細胞前駆体においてインビボで観察されたものと同じ欠陥を呈することが観察された。即ち、野生型マウス(+/+)に由来するニューロン前駆細胞の培養物では、CDKL5 KO(−/−)マウスに由来するニューロン前駆細胞の培養物と比べてより多くのニューロン(β−チューブリンIII陽性細胞、赤色の細胞)があった(図14A及び図14B)。これは、CDKL5が失われると分裂終了ニューロンの生存が低下することを示唆している。β−チューブリンIII陽性細胞における神経突起伸長の評価から、Cdkl5ノックアウトNPCから産生されたニューロンは野生型ニューロンと比較して分化が低かったことが実証された(図14A及び図14B)。これらの結果は、CDKL5ノックアウトマウスの分裂終了NPCが細胞生存の点のみならず、ニューロン成熟の点においても固有の欠陥を有することを示唆している。
CDKL5 KO(−/−)マウス及び野生型(+/+)マウス由来のニューロン前駆細胞培養物をTATk−GFP−CDKL5又はTATk−GFPで処理した。分化したニューロン(β−チューブリンIII陽性)の総神経突起長を計測することにより、ニューロン成熟を評価した。神経突起長の評価は画像解析システムImage Pro Plus(Media Cybernetics、Silver Spring、MD 20910、米国)を使用して実施した。総神経突起長を範囲内にカウントされる細胞数で除すことにより、細胞当たりの平均神経突起長を計算した。図15A〜図15C及び図16に示されるとおり、CDKL5がないことによって新規ニューロンの成熟は低下し、TATk−CDKL5で処理すると神経突起発達が回復する。
7日齢の仔マウスに、TATk−GFP−CDKL5、TATk−GFPによってトランスフェクトしたHEK293T細胞の培養培地又は非トランスフェクト細胞からの培地(媒体)の単一用量(単一用量は約200μlの200倍濃縮培地に相当する;これは約1〜1.5μgの融合タンパク質を含有した)を皮下注射した。培養培地はトランスフェクションから48時間後に回収し、Amicon超遠心ろ過機(50kDaカットオフ)でダイアフィルトレーション及び濃縮を行った。処置投与4時間後にマウスを犠牲にした。脳を固定液に24時間保存し、正中線で切断し、リン酸緩衝液中20%スクロースにさらに24時間保管した。半球を凍結し、−80℃で保存した。凍結ミクロトームで右半球を30μm厚の冠状切片に切断した。浮遊切片に対して免疫組織化学を実施した。脳におけるTATk−GFP−CDKL5及びTATk−GFPの局在を、抗GFP抗体及びTSA増幅キットを使用した免疫組織化学によって評価した。画像は感覚運動皮質及び小脳レベルで撮った。細胞を4’,6−ジアミジノ−2−フェニルインドール(DAPI)を使用して対比染色した。マウスの感覚運動皮質及び小脳におけるTATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質の存在を表す代表的な画像をそれぞれ図17A〜図17F及び図18A〜図18Dに示す。TATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質は皮下投与されたことを考えると、このデータは、TATk−GFP−CDKL5タンパク質が血液脳関門を通り抜けて有効に輸送され、脳細胞に入ることを実証している。
成体マウス(4〜6ヵ月齢)に5日間連続で(実験スケジュールに関しては、例えば図20を参照)TATk−GFP−CDKL5又はTATk−GFPを脳室内注射した(図19)。簡潔に言えば、マウスをケタミン(100〜125mg/kg)及びキシラジン(10〜12.5mg/kg)で麻酔した。カニューレ(0.31mm径、Brain Infusion Kit III;Alzet Cupertino、CA)を側脳室(A/P −0.4mm尾側、M/L 1.0mm、D/V −2.0mm;図19)に定位的に植え込んだ。植込みから7日後、マウスに5日間連続でPBS中10μl(約50ng)のTATk−GFP−CDKL5又はTATk−GFPを、電動ナノインジェクターに接続されたHamiltonシリンジを使用して(0.5μl/分の速度で)注入した。最後の注射の4時間後、動物を犠牲にし、DCXに関する免疫組織化学で新生海馬顆粒細胞の樹状形態を分析した。図21及び図22は、Cdkl5 KOマウスのDCX陽性ニューロンが、それらの野生型対応物と比べて短い突起を有したことを実証している(図21A〜図21B及び図22A〜図22B)。TATk−GFP−CDKL5融合タンパク質を5日間連続で脳室内投与すると、CDKL5ノックアウトマウス(図22C)における神経突起長及び分枝数が野生型(図22A)と同程度まで増加したことが観察された。図23A〜図23Bは、野生型(+/Y)(図23A)、半接合CDKL5ノックアウトマウス(−/Y)(図23B)、及びTATk−GFP−CDKL5融合タンパク質で処置した半接合CDKL5ノックアウト雄マウスの新生顆粒細胞の再構成された樹状突起樹の例を示す。
AKTは、複数の細胞経路に関連する中心的なシグナル伝達キナーゼである。リン酸化AKT(P−AKT)は、CDKL5ノックアウト動物、CDKL5欠損症及びレット症候群において有意に減少する。図29A〜図29Cは、野生型雄マウス(+/Y)(図29A)、CDKL5ノックアウト雄マウス(−/Y)(図29B)、及びTATk−GFP−CDKL5融合タンパク質の脳室内注射を1日1回5日間連続で投与して処置したCDKL5ノックアウト雄マウス(−/Y+TATk−GFP−CDKL5)(図29C)由来の歯状回(dentate gryrus)(DG)の分子層(Mol)からのP−AKT免疫蛍光に関して処理した脳切片を表す代表的な画像を示す。ホスホ−AKT免疫組織化学のため、切片をマウスモノクローナル抗ホスホ−AKT−Ser473抗体(1:1000、Cell Signaling Technology)と共に4℃で24時間インキュベートし、及びCy3コンジュゲート抗マウスIgG二次抗体(1:200;Jackson Immunoresearch)と共に2時間インキュベートした。免疫活性(IR)の強度を、免疫組織化学的に染色した切片の光学デンシトメトリーによって決定した。NikonデジタルカメラDXM1200を備えたNikon Eclipse E600顕微鏡(ATI system)を使用して蛍光像を取得した。
CDKL5ノックアウトマウスは野生型マウスと比較して学習及び記憶障害を呈する(例えば図33、及び図34A〜図34Bを参照)。
CDKL5ノックアウトマウスは、吊り下げたときの肢のクラスピングの長時間化を呈した(例えば図35A〜図35Bを参照)。
Claims (19)
- 配列番号2又は配列番号16の配列を含むCDKL5ポリペプチド配列と;
配列番号4と90%〜100%の配列同一性を有するTATkポリペプチド配列とを含む融合タンパク質であって、該TATkポリペプチドが該CDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合しており、該融合タンパク質が、対照と比較して対象の脳における神経突起成長、伸長、分枝数、又は分枝密度を増加させるか、又は対照と比較して対象の脳におけるニューロンアポトーシスを減少させる、融合タンパク質。 - Igk鎖リーダー配列ポリペプチドをさらに含み、該Igk鎖リーダー配列がCDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合している、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- レポータータンパク質ポリペプチドをさらに含み、該レポータータンパク質ポリペプチドがCDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合している、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- タンパク質タグポリペプチドをさらに含み、該タンパク質タグポリペプチドがCDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合している、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 融合タンパク質が、配列番号8、配列番号10、配列番号12、又は配列番号14に従うポリペプチド配列を有する、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 融合タンパク質が、対照と比較して対象の脳における神経突起成長、伸長、分枝数、又は分枝密度を増加させる、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- 融合タンパク質が、対照と比較して対象の脳におけるニューロンアポトーシスを減少させる、請求項1に記載の融合タンパク質。
- CDKL5欠損症、レット症候群、又はレット症候群バリアントに罹っているか、又はそれに罹っている疑いがある対象を治療するための医薬製剤であって、
配列番号2又は配列番号16の配列を含むCDKL5ポリペプチド配列と;
配列番号4と90%〜100%の配列同一性を有するTATkポリペプチド配列とを含む融合タンパク質であって、該TATkポリペプチドが該CDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合しており、該融合タンパク質が、対照と比較して対象の脳における神経突起成長、伸長、分枝数、又は分枝密度を増加させるか、又は対照と比較して対象の脳におけるニューロンアポトーシスを減少させる、融合タンパク質の治療有効量と;
薬学的に許容可能な担体と
を含む医薬製剤。 - 融合タンパク質がIgk鎖リーダー配列ポリペプチドをさらに含み、該Igk鎖リーダー配列がCDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合している、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質がレポータータンパク質ポリペプチドをさらに含み、該レポータータンパク質ポリペプチドがCDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合している、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質がタンパク質タグポリペプチドをさらに含み、該タンパク質タグポリペプチドがCDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合している、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質が、配列番号8、配列番号10、配列番号12、又は配列番号14に従うポリペプチド配列を有する、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質の治療有効量が、対照と比較して対象におけるCDKL5欠損症、レット症候群、又はレット症候群バリアントの1つ以上の症状を治療する、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質の治療有効量が、対照と比較して対象の脳における神経突起成長、伸長、分枝数、又は分枝密度を増加させる、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質の治療有効量が、対照と比較して対象の脳におけるニューロンアポトーシスを減少させる、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質の治療有効量が、対照と比較して対象における運動機能を改善する、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- 融合タンパク質の治療有効量が、対照と比較して対象における認知機能を改善する、請求項8に記載の医薬製剤。
- CDKL5欠損症、レット症候群、又はレット症候群バリアントに罹っているか、又はそれに罹っている疑いがある対象を治療するための医薬であって、
配列番号2又は配列番号16の配列を含むCDKL5ポリペプチド配列と;
配列番号4と90%〜100%の配列同一性を有するTATkポリペプチド配列とを含む融合タンパク質であって、該TATkポリペプチドが該CDKL5ポリペプチドに作動可能に結合しており、該融合タンパク質が、対照と比較して対象の脳における神経突起成長、伸長、分枝数、又は分枝密度を増加させるか、又は対照と比較して対象の脳におけるニューロンアポトーシスを減少させる、融合タンパク質の治療有効量と;
薬学的に許容可能な担体と
を含む医薬製剤の治療有効量
を含む医薬。 - 融合タンパク質の治療有効量が、対照と比較して対象におけるCDKL5欠損症、レット症候群、又はレット症候群バリアントの1つ以上の症状を治療する、請求項18に記載の医薬。
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