JP6621123B1 - Building member and method for manufacturing building member - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a building member made of wood that can withstand fire for 2 hours using gypsum board. An architectural member having structural wood 11 and gypsum board layers 211, 212, and 213 covering the exposed periphery of the structural wood 11, wherein the gypsum board layers 211, 212, and 213 have a thickness of 30 mm or more. A building member 101 having a thickness of 3 mm and having a through-fixing surface fixed to the structural timber 11 by the fastener 3 penetrating the gypsum board layer 211. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a building member and a method for manufacturing a building member. In particular, it relates to a building member having excellent fire resistance.

  Wood is an important member used for structural members of buildings in Japan and the like. In particular, wood used for pillars and beams as structural members of buildings receives and supports various loads such as the building's own weight, snow, wind, earthquake, furniture in buildings, and external forces due to life and use. It is an important member. Wooden buildings using wood as the main structural member have been widely constructed in recent years in Japan.

  However, when a fire occurs in a wooden building, the pillars and beams are exposed to a flame and carbonized, and the strength may be reduced, causing collapse. In order to avoid such collapse due to fire, it has been studied to impart fire resistance to structural members using wood.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a structure part having a long and rectangular cross section that receives a load, a covering part that covers all four sides of the cross section of the structure part over its entire length, and a layered structure between the structure part and the covering part. And a gypsum board that prevents the load applied to the structure part from being transmitted to the covering part.

  Patent Documents 2 to 6 also disclose fire-resistant columns, fire-resistant beams, fire-resistant structures, fire-resistant covering structures, joint structures, etc., and burnable parts, spacers, non-combustible wood, fire-resistant covering materials, and fire-resisting layers. Etc. to provide a member having fire resistance.

Japanese Patent No. 4359275 JP 2017-014817 A JP 2017-193950 A JP 2017-193949 A JP 2003-293482 A JP 2008-019652 A

  The present inventors examined improving fire resistance in order to further expand the application of building members using wood. In particular, we examined building materials that are expected to expand in use for 1 hour fire resistance and 2 hours fire resistance. When evaluating improved fire resistance, building components will be exposed to the flame for a longer period of time. As a result, it has been found that the following problems arise in the prior art.

  The wooden building member described in Patent Document 1 uses a gypsum board that prevents a load acting on the structure portion from being transmitted to the covering portion. In other words, gypsum board has base paper, and gypsum itself is easy to split, and the structure (glued material, etc.), gypsum board and covering part (glued material, etc.) are not integrated. It is. However, as a result of the study by the present inventors, the gypsum board easily falls off when it is exposed to a flame for a long time with the gypsum board layer being thick, and the gypsum board is easily broken. I found out that

  Further, since the gypsum board becomes heavier as it gets thicker, the thickness is usually about 20 to 25 mm, and the upper limit per layer is used. For these laminations, nails or adhesives for fastening the gypsum board are used. Considering heat resistance, this nail portion can become a heat transfer portion that functions as a thermal bridge, and therefore, there is a concern that heat from the flame outside the gypsum board is transmitted from the nail portion and the structural wood is likely to burn. Also, normally, when laminating gypsum boards, it would be sufficient to fix each layer, and it was fixed by fixing two layers and repeating it.

  Patent Documents 2 to 6 provide a burn-in part, a spacer, a non-combustible wood, a fire-resistant coating material, and a flaming layer, but to disclose a specific structure for achieving 2-hour fire resistance. It was not enough, there were parts that were easily dropped off by exposure to flames, and the structure was complicated.

  Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a building member using wood that can withstand fire resistance for 2 hours using a gypsum board.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that the following inventions meet the above object, and have reached the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to the following inventions.
<1> A building member having structural wood and a gypsum board layer covering the exposed surroundings of the structural wood,
The building member, wherein the gypsum board layer has a thickness of 30 mm or more and has at least one penetration fixing surface fixed to the structural wood by a fastener that penetrates the gypsum board layer.
<2> The building member according to <1>, wherein the building member is a horizontal member, and the penetration fixing surface is at least a lower surface in the vertical direction of the horizontal member.
<3> The building member according to <2>, wherein the structural wood has a rectangular cross section having a width of 210 mm or more.
<4> The building member according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the structural wood is a wood composite shaft material obtained by bundling cored materials.
<5> The building member according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein the gypsum board layer has a reinforced gypsum board.
<6> The building member according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the gypsum board layer has a gypsum board that is waterproofed on the outermost layer side of the building member of the gypsum board layer.
<7> The gypsum board layer is a laminate of a plurality of gypsum boards, and has an adhesive application part for gypsum boards between the laminated gypsum boards. The building material described.
<8> The building member according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein the penetrating fastener is driven into the structural wood by 15 mm or more.
<9> The building member according to any one of <1> to <8>, which has a fire resistance of 2 hours or more.
<10> The building member according to any one of <1> to <9>, wherein a cosmetic material layer is provided on an outer layer of the gypsum board layer.
<11> A method for producing a building member having structural wood and a gypsum board layer covering the exposed surroundings of the structural wood,
The method for producing a building member, wherein the gypsum board layer has a thickness of 30 mm or more, and has a penetration fixing step of fixing the structural wood with a fastener that penetrates the gypsum board layer and providing a penetration fixing surface.

  The building member of the present invention is excellent in fire resistance because the gypsum board layer does not easily fall off even when exposed to a flame for a long time.

It is an outline sectional view of a building member concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the structural wood of the building member which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. FIG. 1 of the building member which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention is another general | schematic sectional drawing. It is a top view from the vertical direction lower side of the building member which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the building member which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5 of the building member which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention is another general | schematic sectional drawing.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, the description of constituent elements described below is an example (representative example) of an embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention will be described below unless the gist thereof is changed. It is not limited to the contents. In addition, when using the expression “to” in this specification, it is used as an expression including numerical values before and after that.

The building member of the present invention is a building member having structural wood and a gypsum board layer covering the exposed surroundings of the structural wood, the gypsum board layer having a thickness of 30 mm or more, and And having at least one penetration fixing surface fixed to the structural wood by a fastener that penetrates the gypsum board layer.
The building member of the present invention has excellent fire resistance due to the gypsum board layer, and further prevents the gypsum board from falling off even when exposed to a flame for a long time by fixing with a fastener penetrating the gypsum board layer. it can.

The method for producing a building member of the present invention is a method for producing a building member having a structural wood and a gypsum board layer covering the exposed surroundings of the structural wood, and the gypsum board layer has a thickness of 30 mm or more. A through-fixing step of providing a through-fixing surface having a thickness and fixing to the structural wood with a fastener penetrating the gypsum board layer.
In addition, in this application, the building member of this invention can also be manufactured with the manufacturing method of the building member of this invention, and the structure corresponding to each in this application can mutually be utilized.

  As a result of studies by the present inventors, it has been found that when a gypsum board is affixed to a structural wood to increase the size, the gypsum board becomes brittle due to combustion and falls off. When the gypsum board falls off, naturally the fire resistance by the gypsum board cannot be obtained, and the structural wood is exposed to a flame or high heat and burns or carbonizes, resulting in a decrease in strength.

  When gypsum boards are laminated, metal members etc. are used for fixing, but the length of each metal member is designed to penetrate two layers of gypsum board. It is attached by a rotating metal member. In addition, it is thought that the metal member for fixing becomes a heat transfer part and it is easy to burn, avoiding penetration to the structural wood, placing the metal member while shifting the position for each layer, mainly reinforcing the adhesive It is considered a thing.

  With respect to these, tests were conducted by placing and fixing gypsum board nails and metal members such as staples while shifting the position of each layer of gypsum boards in the conventional manner. When the combustion test was performed, the gypsum board layer fell off because it became brittle from the outer gypsum board layer due to combustion and was not integrated as a whole gypsum board layer. In particular, if the width of the structural wood is 210 mm or more as a horizontal member such as a beam member, the weight of the gypsum board attached to the lower side in the vertical direction of the structural wood also becomes heavy, which is considered to be due to its own weight. Dropout during the combustion test became remarkable.

  Therefore, if the gypsum board layer provided by three or four layers is integrated with a fastener that penetrates and is fixed to structural wood, it will not drop out even if a fire test such as 2-hour fire resistance is performed, and the metal that penetrates Neither burning nor carbonization of structural wood due to heat transfer of the fasteners of the members occurred. This is presumably because the gypsum board layer was sufficiently thick, and heat transfer from the metal member was also dispersed within the gypsum board layer, making it difficult to reach the structural wood. From this result, it was found that a building member having excellent fire resistance can be obtained by integrating the gypsum board layer with a fastener that penetrates the gypsum board layer and attaching it to the structural wood.

[First embodiment]
1st Embodiment of this invention is described using FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a building member 101 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the structural wood 11 of the building member 101. The building member 101 is designed assuming a beam member that is a horizontal member, and the lower direction in FIG. 1 is the lower side in the vertical direction. This cross section corresponds to the AA cross section in the top view of the building member 101 shown in FIG.

  The building member 101 includes structural wood 11 and gypsum board layers 211, 212, and 213. In addition, assuming a beam member, the upper side in the vertical direction of the building member 101 is attached to the attachment member 5. As shown in FIG. 2, the structural wood 11 is obtained by bundling up two rows and 5 layers of wood 1 having a substantially square cross section, and the width of the structural wood 11 is w1 and the height is h1. . As shown in FIG. 1, gypsum board layers 211, 212, and 213 cover the three lower and right and left directions, which are surroundings where the structural wood 11 is exposed. The gypsum board layers 211, 212, and 213 all have a thickness (t1, t2, t3) of 30 mm or more. By providing the gypsum board layer, the overall size of the building member 101 is w2 as a beam member and h2 as a beam member.

The gypsum board layer 211 on the lower side in the vertical direction is fixed to the structural wood 11 by a long fastener 3 that penetrates the four gypsum boards of gypsum boards 2111, 2112, 2113, 2114. The lower side is a penetration fixing surface. A portion where the penetration fixing surface is provided is referred to as a penetration fixing portion.
On the other hand, the gypsum board layer 212 provided on the side surface is formed by laminating gypsum boards 2121, 2122, 2123, and 2124 in order from the inside adjacent to the structural wood 11. The gypsum board layer 213 is formed by laminating gypsum boards 2131, 2132, 2133, and 2134 in order from the inside adjacent to the structural wood 11.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the building member 101 other than FIG. These cross sections show an outline of a typical cross sectional structure for fixing with a general fastener. A portion to be fixed by this general fastener is defined as a general fixing portion. This cross section corresponds to the cross section BB in the top view of the building member 101 shown in FIG. In this cross section, the gypsum boards 2111, 2121, 2131 and the structural wood 11 inside are fixed by short fasteners 41 used for the lamination of gypsum boards. Further, two layers of adjacent gypsum boards are fixed by the staple 42.

  FIG. 4 is a top view of the building member 101 from the lower side in the vertical direction. In FIG. 4, the surface of the gypsum board 2114 can be seen because the building member 101 is looked up from the lower side in the vertical direction. This surface is a through-fixing surface fixed by the long fastener 3. In FIG. 4, a position corresponding to the end portion of the wood 1 of the internal structural wood 11 is represented by a one-dot broken line. In the building member 101, the general fixing portion by the staple 42 is repeatedly provided at the interval L1. The through-fixing portion by the long fastener 3 is repeatedly provided at the interval L2. In the building member 101, the interval L2 is longer than the interval L1, the interval L2 is twice the interval L1, and the through-fixing portion is between the general fixing portions so that the fixing portions do not overlap each other. Yes.

  The building member 101 having such a structure has excellent fire resistance due to the thickness of the gypsum board layer, and has a penetration fixing surface, so that the gypsum board can be prevented from falling off even when exposed to a flame, and the fire resistance is increased. It can be demonstrated stably over time.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the building member 102 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As in the first embodiment, the building member 102 is designed assuming a beam member that is a horizontal member, and the downward direction in FIG. 5 is the lower side in the vertical direction. In the second embodiment, instead of the structural wood 11 in the first embodiment, a structural wood 12 is used in which wood having a substantially square cross section is bundled in five rows and five layers.

  The lower side in the vertical direction and the three directions on the left and right, which are the exposed periphery of the structural wood 12, are covered with gypsum board layers 221, 222, and 223. The gypsum board layers 221, 222, and 223 are all 30 mm or more in thickness (t1, t2, t3). The gypsum board layer 221 on the lower side in the vertical direction is fixed to the structural wood 12 by a long fastener 3 that penetrates four gypsum boards of gypsum boards 2211, 2122, 2213, and 2214. The lower side is a penetration fixing surface.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the building member 102 other than FIG. These cross sections show an outline of a typical cross sectional configuration for fixing by a general fastener (general fixing portion). In this cross section, the gypsum boards 2211, 2122, and 2213 on the inside and the structural wood 11 are fixed by the short fasteners 41 used for the lamination of the gypsum boards. Further, two layers of adjacent gypsum boards are fixed by the staple 42. As for the building member 102, the fixed driving interval in the top view can be configured in accordance with the top view shown in FIG.

  The building member 102 having such a structure has excellent fire resistance due to the thickness of the gypsum board layer, and has a penetration fixing surface, so that the gypsum board can be prevented from falling off even when exposed to a flame, and the fire resistance is increased. It can be demonstrated stably over time.

[Reference form]
In addition, as a reference form, the building member 101 and the building member 102 will be described in which a portion for fixing with the long fastener 3 as shown in FIGS. When a fire resistance test is performed for 2 hours using a construction material such as these, the temperature between the gypsum board layers 211 and 221 corresponding to the lower side of the vertical direction as a beam and the temperature below the structural woods 11 and 12 are monitored. Then, a rapid temperature rise occurs in about 60 to 90 minutes from the start of combustion. Further, when the inside of the furnace is observed after the combustion test, it is confirmed that the gypsum board layer 211 on the lower side in the vertical direction is dropped.

(Structural wood)
The building member and the method for manufacturing the building member of the present invention use structural wood. This structural wood is a wood that becomes a shaft material as a building member. The shaft member is a frame member used for the main part of the structural body.

  Structural wood is used with a gypsum board attached around it. Any shape can be used as long as the gypsum board can be attached. Since the gypsum board is usually used as a plate member, the structural wood is preferably a substantially rectangular parallelepiped having a rectangular cross section such as a square or a rectangle so that the bonding can be easily performed.

  As the structural wood, various kinds of wood that can be used as a shaft material can be used. More specifically, those in which the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has specified the allowable stress level and the material strength value according to the tree species, classification, grade, etc. can be used. For example, using framed wall construction structural lumber, structural vertical joints, laminated lumber, base preparation, single plate laminate (LVL), wood-bonded molded shaft material (PSL, LSL), wood composite shaft material, etc. Can do.

  The structural wood is preferably a wood composite shaft material (hereinafter referred to as “BP material”) obtained by bundling core support materials. As the wood of this BP material, various lumbers that can be used as a core support material can be used, and cedar, cypress, larch, dafrika larch, bay pine, spruce, todomatsu, red pine, and the like may be used. As this BP material, for example, a material that has been examined and certified by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as a wood composite shaft material of Article 37-2 of the Building Standard Law is suitably used. Specific examples include Sugi BP material (registered trademark) and Hinoki BP material (registered trademark) from Kogyo Co., Ltd. In these BP materials, the core support material is a rectangular parallelepiped having a substantially square cross section, and an epoxy resin two-component adhesive is applied to the bonding surface, and a plurality of lumbers are arranged in two rows, three rows, four rows, five rows, etc. It is manufactured by aligning multiple rows, pressing with a press machine, heat curing, and finishing the dimensions. These BP materials may have a plurality of stages, and may be, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a rectangular cross section with three rows and one stage, or a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a square section having three rows and three stages.

  Compared with a general laminated material, the BP material uses a core holding material, so that a nail or the like that is driven perpendicularly to the side surface of the BP material is likely to be driven at an angle close to perpendicular to the annual ring. For this reason, driving a nail or the like into the BP material is easier to fix than when using a laminated material or the like that may drive the nail or the like horizontally into the annual ring.

  In addition, any side surface of the BP material has few joint portions appearing on the side surface. The joint is weaker in fixing nails and the like than the wood itself. Driving a nail or the like into the BP material is less likely to be driven into such a joint, and the position of the joint is easy to specify from its dimensions and the like, so it is easy to drive into the center of the core holding material constituting the BP material. Easy to do strong fixing.

Furthermore, since the BP material is a core-supporting material, it is less likely to carbonize when exposed to a flame than a material with a large number of white portions, and also functions as a burnout around the core. For this reason, the strength such as load resistance by the core is maintained, and the fire resistance is also excellent.
Thus, by using the BP material, the gypsum board layer can be more firmly fixed, and the building member can be more excellent in fire resistance.

The size of the structural wood is preferably a width of 100 mm or more and a vertical width of 100 mm or more when the dimension is equivalent to a substantially rectangular parallelepiped column. In addition, when there is no notice in particular, when it is a rectangular parallelepiped shape and the length of a horizontal width differs from a vertical width, let the longer one be a horizontal width.
The width is preferably 105 mm or more, and may be 150 mm or more, 210 mm or more, 250 mm or more, 300 mm or more, or 450 mm or more. The vertical width is preferably 105 mm or more, and may be 150 mm or more, 210 mm or more, 250 mm or more, 300 mm or more, or 450 mm or more. In particular, since building materials requiring superior fire resistance such as 2-hour fire resistance are used in high-rise buildings, the strength required for building members is high, so the structural wood as a whole is sufficiently large. It can also be excellent in strength and the like. The upper limit of the vertical / horizontal width is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as a building member. However, in view of availability and handleability as wood, it is 1000 mm or less, 900 mm or less, or 800 mm or less. An upper limit may be provided.

The size of the structural wood is preferably 210 mm or more when the structural wood is a horizontal member such as a beam member. More preferably, they are 250 mm or more, 300 mm or more, 450 mm or more, 500 mm or more. A horizontal member is a structural member that can be laid horizontally such as a beam, girder, girder, purlin, purlin, etc. of a building. About the horizontal member in this application, it demonstrates centering on the beam (member for beams) which is a typical horizontal member. When this width exceeds 200 mm, the gypsum board attached to the lower surface of the beam becomes prominent. This is thought to be due to the fact that the weight of the gypsum board itself increases. Such a gypsum board having a large width is particularly effective in providing a through-fixing surface as in the present invention.
The height of the horizontal member such as the beam member may be arbitrary. The beam is generally designed to have a height that is greater than its width, and structural calculations are performed. Therefore, the ratio of the height to the width (height / width) may be 1 or more, or 1.2 or more, 1.5 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more. The upper limit of the ratio of height to width (height / width) is not particularly limited, but may be 10 or less, or 5 or less.

  The length of the structural wood can be appropriately adjusted in view of the use as a building member, the use position, and the like. The lower limit may be set to 0.5 m or more, 1 m or more, 1.5 m or more, 2 m or more, 3 m or more, 5 m or more. Since the upper limit can be lengthened by appropriately joining, the upper limit is appropriately set according to the application. For example, it can be appropriately designed such as about 10 m, 20 m, 50 m, and 100 m.

(Gypsum board)
The building member and the method for producing a building member of the present invention have a gypsum board layer. The gypsum board layer is a layer of gypsum board having a predetermined thickness. The gypsum board layer may be a laminate of a plurality of gypsum boards as appropriate. The gypsum board layer covers the exposed surroundings of the structural wood. The exposed surroundings of structural wood may vary depending on the application. For example, in the case of a beam, the upper surface may be affixed to a flooring. In this case, the exposed periphery is another lower surface and side surfaces.
The gypsum board layer has a thickness of 30 mm or more. This gypsum board layer is a laminate of gypsum boards having a thickness of about 8 mm to 25 mm, which is generally used to achieve this thickness.

  The gypsum board of this gypsum board layer is preferably a laminate of two or more gypsum boards. The gypsum board is preferably 25 mm or less from the viewpoint of workability, and when a gypsum board layer is formed with a gypsum board having such a thickness, it is easy to mold it by designing with a plurality of gypsum boards. The gypsum board of the gypsum board layer is preferably 3 or more and 4 or more. On the other hand, if the number of boards is too large, the number of operations during construction will increase too much, making it difficult to work, difficult to penetrate, or difficult to integrate. Is preferred.

  The thickness of the gypsum board layer is preferably 40 mm or more, 42 mm or more, or 45 mm or more. The thicker the gypsum board layer, the easier it is to ensure fire resistance. Furthermore, it is more preferable to set it as 50 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 70 mm or more, and 75 mm or more. In particular, in order to achieve fire resistance for 2 hours, it is preferable that the thickness be at least 50 mm. In the case of a horizontal member or the like, the gypsum board layer is more likely to drop off from the time when the fire test is over 1 hour, and the effectiveness of the present invention is improved. On the other hand, the upper limit may be an arbitrary thickness within the allowable range from the viewpoint of workability. When providing an upper limit, it is good also as 150 mm or less, 120 mm or less, and 100 mm or less. The thickness of the gypsum board layer that exceeds the required fire resistance becomes excessive, which may result in excessive weight and increase the space occupied by the building components, which may limit the design of the building.

  The gypsum board layer preferably has a reinforced gypsum board. The reinforced gypsum board is a reinforced gypsum board (GB-F) in JIS A6901: 2014 “gypsum board product”, or a gypsum board having performance that can be used in the present invention while maintaining its performance (for example, GB-St. -A, B, GB-F-Hc, etc.). Moreover, what has the performance equivalent to these is included in a reinforced gypsum board. Reinforced gypsum board is reinforced by adding fibers such as glass fibers and mineral fibers to gypsum. By containing such inorganic fibers, the strength and fire resistance are improved. In particular, in the present invention, the reinforced gypsum board has impact resistance and flame resistance according to JIS A6901: 2014, which is equivalent to a reinforced gypsum board. By using the reinforced gypsum board, it contributes to the integrity of the gypsum board layer when it is used as the building member of the present invention, and the strength and fire resistance of the building member as a whole are improved. For example, a reinforced gypsum board (GB-F) manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd. can be used.

  The gypsum board layer is formed by laminating a plurality of gypsum boards, and may have a gypsum board adhesive application section between the laminated gypsum boards. As described above in part, the gypsum board layer is a laminate of a plurality of gypsum boards due to its thickness. For this lamination, integration by fasteners is also important, but it is preferable to bond the gypsum board layers with an adhesive to improve the integrity of the entire gypsum board layer. As the adhesive, various adhesives that are used as adhesives for gypsum boards can be used. For example, Torabond (registered trademark) manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd. can be used. The adhesive application part for gypsum board, to which the adhesive is applied, may be applied to the entire gypsum board layer, or the equivalent circle diameter of the area of the application part with 20 to 100 cm or 40 to 80 cm as a guide. You may provide an application | coating part intermittently with a fixed space | interval by the magnitude | size of about 10-20 cm.

  The gypsum board layer is preferably a gypsum board layer having a waterproof layer on the outermost layer side of the building member of the gypsum board layer. That is, it is preferable that the gypsum board on the outermost layer side of the gypsum board laminated as the gypsum board layer has a waterproof layer. By having such a waterproof treatment layer, the water resistance of the entire building member is excellent. In particular, a building member having this configuration is suitable for a building member of an outer wall or eaves. The gypsum board having a waterproof layer is a sizing gypsum board (GB-S) in JIS A6901: 2014 “Gypsum board product” or equivalent. It is a plasterboard with waterproof treatment applied to the base paper and core of both sides of the plasterboard. For example, a shizing gypsum board (GB-S) manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd. can be used.

(Fastener (screw))
The building member and the method for manufacturing the building member of the present invention use a fastener that penetrates the gypsum board layer. A surface of the building member fixed by a fastener that penetrates the gypsum board layer is referred to as a penetration fixing surface. The fasteners pass through the gypsum board layer and secure the gypsum board of the gypsum board layer to the structural wood.

  The fasteners that penetrate are of a length that can penetrate the gypsum board layer. In order to obtain such a length, the length is appropriately designed according to the specific thickness of the gypsum board layer. Specifically, it can be 35 mm or more, 45 mm or more, 50 mm or more. Furthermore, it can be 55 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 80 mm or more, or 100 mm or more. The upper limit of the length is also appropriately designed according to the thickness of the gypsum board layer, and can be, for example, about 200 mm or less or about 150 mm or less.

  As the fastener that penetrates, a material that can be fixed to the structural wood through the gypsum board layer can be used as appropriate. For example, a metal screw-like member having a necessary length as a fastener can be used. Since the gypsum board layer is penetrated and the tip is fixed to the structural wood, the tip is preferably a screw. At this time, the body part and the neck part of the fastener may be smooth without threading, or may be threaded like the tip. Further, it is preferable that the fastener itself is made of a metal such as iron, steel, stainless steel or the like so that the fastener itself can maintain its strength when exposed to a flame.

  The fixing with the penetrating fastener is preferably driven into the structural wood by 15 mm or more. The driving length is preferably 18 mm or more, and more preferably 20 mm or more. By being driven in such a length, the gypsum board layer is firmly fixed by the structural wood. On the other hand, the upper limit of the length to be driven in may be arbitrary as long as the gypsum board layer can be prevented from falling off. However, if it is too much inside the structural wood, the strength of the structural wood is greatly affected. Therefore, an upper limit such as 50 mm or less, 40 mm or less, or 30 mm or less may be provided.

  Further, the frequency of fixing with the fasteners can be appropriately set according to the type of structural wood in the width direction of the building member. For example, when a BP material is used, it can be fixed at a frequency of one or more to each core holding material constituting the BP material.

Moreover, as a space | interval of the length direction of the building member which fixes a fastener, it sets suitably from a 20 cm-100 cm space | interval, and the upper and lower limits of a space | interval are good also as a standard about 40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm. It is possible to fix the fastener while adjusting the fixing position of the fastener in consideration of the position of the other general fixing portion and the positional relationship with other members at the time of installation within the range of the interval. If the interval is fixed too frequently, the fixing effect is saturated and the work efficiency is lowered. When the interval is fixed widely and the frequency of fixing is too low, the fixing effect cannot be sufficiently obtained, and the gypsum board layer may easily fall off.
When the building member is a pillar, this length corresponds to the so-called height direction. In the case of a pillar, the gypsum board is likely to fall off from the top of the pillar. For this reason, in the case of a pillar, the fasteners may be fixed at intervals of 20 cm to 100 cm with a base point of 50 cm or more from the bottom. This fixing may be performed on the upper side in the vertical direction from 80 cm or more from the bottom, 100 cm or more, or 150 cm or more.

  When fixing with a penetrating fastener, it is preferable to use a BP material as a structural wood and drive around the joint portion of the core holding material constituting the BP material (within 10 mm or within 5 mm from the bonding center). . Further, it is preferable to drive and fix each core holding material constituting the BP material. The driving position is preferably within 0.7 wa, 0.6 wa, and 0.5 wa from the center, where wa is the length from the center to the end of the width of the core support material. For example, when the width of the core holding material is 150 mm, the length wa from the center to the end of the width is 75 mm, and 0.7 wa is 52.5 mm, so within 0.7 wa from the center is 52.5 mm from the center. Within can be the driving position. Since the BP material is a bundle of cored materials and their dimensions are clear, the position of the joint part of the BP material and the center position of the width of the cored material are also determined from the outside coated with gypsum board. It is easy to use and is suitable for specifying the position where the fastener is driven for a firm fixation.

(Building materials)
The building member of the present invention can be used as a building member such as a pillar or a horizontal member as an aggregate of a building. In particular, since the gypsum board layer can be prevented from falling off, it is suitable for a horizontal member such as a beam member. When used as a horizontal member, it is preferable that the through-fixing surface that is fixed by the fastener of the present invention is at least the lower surface in the vertical direction of the horizontal member. At this time, the side surfaces other than the lower side in the vertical direction may be fixed with a conventional short fastener or adhesive, or may be fixed with the fastener of the present invention. From the viewpoint of preventing falling off from the side surface, it is preferable to perform fixing with the fastener according to the present invention.

  The magnitude | size as a building member is suitably designed according to the use as a building member. At this time, the size is designed according to the size of the structural wood and the gypsum board layer. For example, the width may be about 150 to 1200 mm and correspond to the length of the structural wood.

  The building member of the present invention can have a fire resistance of 2 hours or more as a fire resistance standard. The fire resistance standards can be evaluated based on the “Fireproof and Fireproof Performance Test / Evaluation Method Document” established by the Building Materials Testing Center West Japan Laboratory.

(Cosmetic materials)
The building member of the present invention has mechanical strength, fire resistance, and the like that are important as a building member due to the structural wood and the gypsum board layer that covers the exposed surroundings of the structural wood. For this reason, you may provide another structure. For example, you may provide a decorative material in the outer layer of a gypsum board layer. The decorative material can be wood of 5 mm or more, and may be 10 mm or more. Moreover, the upper limit is also set suitably and it is good also as 30 mm or less or 25 mm or less. More specifically, wood of about 15 to 20 mm may be used as the decorative material. By providing the decorative material, it is possible to achieve excellent design with a wooden appearance.

(Method for manufacturing building components)
The method for producing a building member of the present invention is a method for producing a building member having a structural wood and a gypsum board layer covering the exposed surroundings of the structural wood, and the gypsum board layer has a thickness of 30 mm or more. It can be set as the manufacturing method of a building member which has thickness and has the penetration fixing process which fixes to the said structural wood with the fastener which penetrates the said gypsum board layer, and provides a penetration fixing surface.

  As the structural wood, the aforementioned BP material or the like can be used as appropriate. Depending on the design of this structural wood, the area where fireproof coating is required is determined. A gypsum board layer is provided in this fireproof coating area. The gypsum board layer is preferably provided so as to laminate a gypsum board defined in JIS A6901: 2014 having a thickness of about 9.5 mm to 25 mm and a gypsum board corresponding thereto.

  Hereinafter, the first embodiment shown in FIGS. The gypsum board layer is preferably a gypsum board layer having a necessary thickness by attaching gypsum boards one by one to the structural wood 11. Taking the vertical lower surface as an example, the first gypsum board 2111 is first attached to the structural wood 11 and fixed by the short fastener 41. Next, the gypsum board 2112 is placed over the gypsum board 2111 and fixed by the staples 42. Next, the gypsum board 2113 is placed on the gypsum board 2112 and fixed by the staples 42. Then, the gypsum board 2114 is placed on the gypsum board 2113 and fixed by the staples 42. In arranging the gypsum board, the joints are appropriately jointed with a joint treating agent. As the joint treating agent, a rock wool fireproof treating agent, a joint treating agent for gypsum board, or the like is appropriately used according to the joint. Adhesion is performed by appropriately applying an adhesive between the gypsum boards or between the gypsum boards and the structural wood.

  When the number of gypsum boards 2111 to 2114 satisfying the required thickness as a building member having a thickness of 30 mm or more as the gypsum board layer 211 is arranged, the gypsum board layer in consideration of the position of the structural wood 11 inside the gypsum board layer 211 A through-fixing step of fixing by the fastener 3 penetrating 211 and providing a through-fixing surface is performed. Thereby, the building member which has a penetration fixing surface can be obtained.

  In the manufacturing method of the building member of this invention, you may have another process further. For example, you may have the cosmetic material fixing process which arrange | positions and fixes a cosmetic material from the exterior of a gypsum board layer.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example, unless the summary is changed.

[Fire resistance test]
The fire resistance test was conducted based on the “Fireproof Performance Test and Evaluation Work Method” established by the West Japan Laboratory of the Building Materials Testing Center.

[Manufacturing (construction) conditions for building components]
[1. Structural wood]
The craft company Hayata “Sugi BP material (registered trademark)” was used as the structural wood. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism approved number of the cedar BP material was MWCM-0022, 0023, 0024, 0025.

[2. Gypsum board]
-Reinforced gypsum board (1): “GB-F (V)” manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd. 21.0 mm or 12.5 mm was used.
-Waterproof gypsum board (1): “GB-S” manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd. 12.5 mm

[3. Adhesive etc.]
・ Inorganic adhesive: Trabond (registered trademark)
・ Rock wool fireproofing agent: Rock felt (NM-2780)
・ Gypsum board joint treatment agent: Tiger Gyptite

[4. Fastener]
-Fastener (1): A steel screw-shaped nail having a length of 100 mm was used. 60 mm from the tip is threaded, and the other body and neck have a smooth shape without threading.
-Fastener (a): A steel fixing screw having a diameter of 3.8 mm and a length of 41 mm was used.
-Fastener (b): A metal staple for mounting a gypsum board was used. A width of 4 mm and a length of 32 mm were used.

[5. Others]
ALC panel: An ALC panel was used as a mounting member.

“Example 1”
With the configuration according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a test body (1) was prepared under the following conditions, and a two-hour fire resistance test was performed.
[Structural wood 1]
As the structural wood, a BP material in which 150 mm square core holding materials were bundled in two rows and five tiers was used. As a load support member of the beam, the BP material has a width of 301 mm, a height of 750 mm, and a length of 5100 mm.
[Gypsum board layer 211]
The gypsum board layer 211 was formed using reinforced gypsum board (1) 21.0 mm as the gypsum board 2111 to 2113 and waterproof gypsum board (1) 12.5 mm as the gypsum board 2114. Similarly, gypsum board layers 212 and 213 are formed by using reinforced gypsum board (1) 21.0 mm as gypsum boards 2121 to 2123 and 2131 to 2133 and waterproof gypsum board (1) 12.5 mm as gypsum boards 2124 and 2134, respectively. did. The thickness of the gypsum board layer is about 75.5 mm.
[Penetration fixing surface (penetration fixing part)]
As the long fastener 3, the gypsum board layer (211) was fixed to the structural wood (1) by the fastener (1). The driving length into the structural wood is about 24.5 mm. The lengthwise interval L2 was 40 mm.
[General fixing part]
The structural wood (1) and the gypsum board layer (211 to 213) were fixed by the fastener (a) and the fastener (b), and a general fixing portion was provided. The distance L1 in the length direction was 20 mm.
[Mounting member 5]
An ALC panel was used.
[Adhesion between gypsum boards]
Between the gypsum boards, the inorganic adhesive is applied as a lump to the periphery and middle of the gypsum board at intervals of 200 mm or less so that the application amount is 300 g / m ² or more (about 500 g / m ² or less). did.
[Joint processing]
Between the gypsum board and the ALC board, joint processing was performed by abutment using a rock wool fireproofing agent. The joints between the gypsum boards were joint-treated by abutment using a joint treatment agent for gypsum board.

With respect to the test body (1), the test load was a load at which a degree of stress corresponding to the long-term allowable stress calculated from the long-term allowable support strength was generated on the beam as the load support member. The loading load and the initial deflection δ were calculated by a two-point loading test at equal intervals. In determining the weight of the member, the unit volume weight of the cedar BP material was 380 kg / m ³ , the unit volume weight of the reinforced gypsum board was 750 kg / m ³ , and the unit volume weight of the ALC plate was 650 kg / m ³ .
The loaded load of the test body (1) based on these is 296 N, and the initial deflection is 11 mm (1/464).

As a fire resistance performance test, the maximum center deflection amount and the maximum center deflection speed were less than the following values for 120 minutes for loading heating and 360 minutes for measurement (total 480 minutes). (In the following, L: distance between fulcrums (mm), d: tension edge distance (mm) from the pressure edge of the structural section)
・ Maximum center deflection (mm): L ² / 400d
・ Maximum center deflection speed (mm / min): L ² / 9000d

  As a result of performing a two-hour fire resistance test, the specimen (1) satisfies the two-hour fire resistance from the evaluation results of the maximum center deflection amount and the maximum center deflection speed. In addition, during the 2-hour fire resistance test, there was no abnormality such as dropping of the gypsum board layer from the evaluation result of the temperature displacement of the structural wood surface and the visual evaluation result of the test specimen (1) in the furnace after the test. .

“Example 2”
A test body (2) was prepared according to the second embodiment shown in FIGS. Moreover, in preparation of the test body (2), preparation according to the test body (1) of Example 1 was performed, and the following points were mainly changed. This test body (2) was subjected to a fire resistance test for 2 hours.
[Structural wood 12]
As the structural wood, a BP material in which 150 mm square core holding materials were bundled in five rows and five tiers was used. A BP material having a width of 750 mm, a height of 750 mm, and a length of 5100 mm as a load supporting member of the beam.

  The loaded load of the test body (2) is 746 N, and the initial deflection is 11 mm.

  As a result of conducting a two-hour fire resistance test, the specimen (2) satisfies the two-hour fire resistance from the evaluation results of the maximum center deflection amount and the maximum center deflection speed. Also, during the 2-hour fire resistance test, there were no abnormalities such as dropping of the gypsum board layer from the evaluation results of the temperature displacement of the structural wood surface and the visual evaluation results of the test specimen (2) in the furnace after the test. .

Comparative Example 1
A test body (3) that was not fixed by a fastener penetrating the gypsum board layer was prepared. The test body (3) conforms to the test body (1) of Example 1 and does not fix the [penetration fixing surface (penetration fixing portion)]. This test body (3) was subjected to a fire resistance test for 2 hours.

  As a result of the 2-hour fire resistance test, during the 2-hour fire resistance test, the temperature of the lower surface in the vertical direction of the structural wood rapidly increased in 60 to 90 minutes from the start of the test. Further, the gypsum board layer corresponding to the lower side in the vertical direction dropped out from the test specimen (3) in the furnace after the test. The surface of the structural wood from which the gypsum board layer was dropped was directly exposed to the flame and carbonized.

Comparative Example 2
A test body (4) which was not fixed by a fastener penetrating the gypsum board layer was prepared. The test body (4) conforms to the test body (2) of Example 2, and does not fix the [penetration fixing surface (penetration fixing portion)] as in Comparative Example 1. This test body (4) was subjected to a fire resistance test for 2 hours.

  As in Comparative Example 1, as a result of performing the 2-hour fire resistance test, the temperature of the lower surface in the vertical direction of the structural wood suddenly increased in 60 to 90 minutes from the start of the test during the 2-hour fire resistance test. . Further, the gypsum board layer corresponding to the lower side in the vertical direction dropped out from the test specimen (4) in the furnace after the test. The surface of the structural wood from which the gypsum board layer was dropped was directly exposed to the flame and carbonized.

  The present invention relates to a building member such as a horizontal member such as a beam member, and is industrially useful. According to the building member of the present invention, the heat resistance can be improved by using wood as a structural wood.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wood 101, 102 Building member 11, 12 Structural wood 211-213, 221-223 Gypsum board layer 2111-2114, 2121-2124, 2131-2134, 2211-2214, 2221-2224, 2231-2234 Gypsum board 3 length Scale Fastener 41 Short Length Fastener 42 Staple 5 Mounting Member

Claims (11)

A structural timber, I building component der a horizontal member and a gypsum board layers covering the external surface of exposure of the structural wood,
The gypsum board layer has a thickness of at least the thickness 5 0 mm, and possess at least one surface or a through fixing surface being secured by fasteners extending through the gypsum board layer on the structural wood,
The penetrating fixing surface is at least a lower surface of the horizontal member in the vertical direction;
The structural wood has a rectangular cross section with a width of 210 mm or more;
And it is a wood composite shaft material made by bundling core support materials,
A building member in which the gypsum board layer is obtained by laminating three or more gypsum boards, and a gypsum board adhesive application section is provided between the gypsum boards that are laminated . The building member according to claim 1, wherein the structural wood is made of cedar or cypress. The building member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gypsum board layer has a thickness of 75 mm or more. The building member according to claim 1, wherein the gypsum board layer has a thickness of 150 mm or less.   The building member according to claim 1, wherein the gypsum board layer has a reinforced gypsum board.   The building member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gypsum board layer has a gypsum board waterproofed on the outermost layer side of the building member of the gypsum board layer. The building member according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the penetrating fastener is driven into the structural wood by 15 mm or more. The building member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the penetrating fastener is driven into the structural wood by 50 mm or less.   The building member according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which has a fire resistance of 2 hours or more.   The building member according to claim 1, further comprising a decorative material layer on an outer layer of the gypsum board layer. And structural wood I production method der the horizontal member at a building member having a gypsum board layers covering the external surface of exposure of the structural wood,
The gypsum board layer has a thickness of at least the thickness 5 0 mm, the structural wood, have a through-fixing step of providing a fixed through fixing surface by fasteners extending through the gypsum board layer,
The penetration fixing surface provided in the penetration fixing step is at least a lower surface in the vertical direction of the horizontal member,
The structural wood has a rectangular cross section with a width of 210 mm or more;
And it is a wood composite shaft material made by bundling core support materials,
The method for producing a building member, wherein the gypsum board layer is obtained by laminating three or more gypsum boards and having a gypsum board adhesive application portion between the laminated gypsum boards .