JP6617245B2 - Animal feed ingredients and their uses - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to animal feed materials containing specific lecithin and uses thereof, and more particularly to feed materials that improve digestive function and uses thereof.

  Regulating the function of the digestive tract of livestock is effective in improving digestive function and preventing diseases caused by degradation of digestive function, and as a result, producing livestock products efficiently. Digestion in the digestive tract is greatly influenced by fermentation in the digestive tract of food intake. Therefore, it is often performed to administer microbial preparations for controlling fermentation to livestock.

  Ruminants such as cows have developed ruminants called rumen (ruminals) in order to use fiber as an energy source that cannot be used in normal animals. Inside the lumen, the homeostasis is maintained by the ingested feed, saliva, fermentation products, etc., and the environment is suitable for microorganisms to live.

  The route of rumen fermentation is shown in FIG. The feed contains a large amount of carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch. Carbohydrates are converted into short-chain fatty acids (also referred to as VFA or volatile fatty acids) such as acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid, lactic acid, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and the like by microbial enzymes in the rumen. Most of the converted short chain fatty acids are absorbed from the lumen wall and become the primary source of energy for animals. In this case, it is particularly preferable to promote the production of acetic acid and propionic acid.

  The accumulation of lactic acid produced in the course of the rumen fermentation pathway in the rumen without being converted to propionic acid affects the growth of ruminants. According to Non-Patent Document 1, a state where the lumen pH is 5.8 or less is referred to as subacute rumen acidosis. If subacute rumen acidosis continues, livestock will develop diseases such as reduced food intake, diarrhea, rumen mucus damage, lobe inflammation, and liver abscesses. Rumen acidosis refers to a state in which lactic acid-producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus bovis grow in the lumen and the lactic acid accumulates in the lumen, so that the pH of the rumen solution (hereinafter referred to as “lumen pH”) is 5 or less. . When it comes to rumen acidosis, livestock show clinical symptoms such as loss of appetite, severe milk loss, recumbency and inability to stand. Therefore, a technique is desired that suppresses the accumulation of lactic acid in rumen of ruminants and promotes the conversion of lactic acid to propionic acid. On the other hand, a method for promoting conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA is also effective for suppressing the amount of accumulated lactic acid.

  In animal breeding, more effective use of limited grain resources is also an important issue. For example, short-chain fatty acids obtained by fermenting ruminant feed in the rumen serve as raw materials for synthesizing milk fat, lactose and milk protein in the mammary gland.

  The synthesis amount of milk components is defined by milk component materials such as glucose, amino acids, acetic acid, butyric acid, free fatty acids, glycerin and inorganic substances stored in the mammary gland. The amount of dairy ingredients produced varies greatly depending on the chemical characteristics (digestibility, metabolism and endocrine characteristics) of the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the feed and their blending ratio.

  According to Non-Patent Document 2, it is reported that feeding acetic acid to dairy cows increases milk yield, milk fat concentration and lactose concentration, and feeding propionic acid raises milk protein concentration. ing.

  The milk fat percentage of milk is 3.9% on average. The main component of milk fat is triglyceride (TG) occupying 97-98%. C4-C16 fatty acids constituting TG are synthesized in the mammary gland using acetic acid and butyric acid produced in the lumen. C16-C18 fatty acids are taken into milk fat from fat and body fat derived from feed. Therefore, the milk fat percentage varies depending on the feeding management.

  According to Non-Patent Document 3 (p. 91 to 92), as a phenomenon of low fat milk, the fermentation pattern in the rumen changes due to the increase in the feed ratio of the concentrated feed or the decrease in the feed ratio of the rough feed, and acetic acid and butyric acid. Insufficient supply, increased production of propionic acid and glucose supply due to similar causes, resulting in insufficient supply of fat to the mammary gland due to endocrine control, supercharging of highly unsaturated vegetable fat It has been pointed out that the microflora in the rumen is affected by this, and that milk fatty acid synthesis by trans polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mammary gland is inhibited. Therefore, in order to prevent the generation of low milk fat, it is important to properly maintain the fermentation in the rumen and promote the production of VFA (particularly acetic acid and butyric acid) in the rumen. In order to maintain the rumen in a fermented state where acetic acid is dominant and increase the amount of acetic acid supplied to the mammary gland, in addition to optimizing the amount of feed roughage, the digestibility of the fiber can be improved. is important. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to efficiently convert feed to specific short chain fatty acids in order to increase milk production and milk component amounts.

  Ruminants are known to have low feed intake due to heat stress in summer, resulting in insufficient in vivo energy and reduced milk yield and milk component content. In early lactation, more energy is released as milk than energy consumed. It is known that the energy balance in the body becomes negative, and the occurrence of metabolic disorders and reproductive disorders increases (Non-patent Document 3, p57-64).

  As an energy source for high-lactation cows and other livestock, there is known a method of feeding a diet containing fatty acid calcium, particularly for energy supplementation during hot weather. (Nonpatent literature 3 p91-92). Fatty acid calcium is not digested in the lumen, but is digested and absorbed in the fourth and subsequent stomachs, so that energy can be efficiently replenished.

  These conventional methods are intended to supplement in vivo energy that tends to be insufficient, and do not promote fermentation in the digestive tract of livestock.

Makoto Mimori, “Dynamics of rumen microorganisms in subacute rumen acidosis”, Journal of the Japan Society of Beasts, 65, (2012), p503-510 Brit. J. et al. Nutr. , 15, (1961), p361-369 Japanese breeding standard “dairy cattle 2006 edition” (Central Livestock Association, issued on September 20, 2007, p57-64, p91-92

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to promote fermentation in the digestive tract of animals, thereby improving digestion, preventing diseases, increasing feed utilization efficiency, and efficiently producing livestock products with a small amount of feed. To provide technology.

  As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by feeding a feed material containing a specific lecithin to animals. That is, this invention provides the animal feed raw material containing lecithin whose acetone soluble substance content is 10 mass% or less and whose phosphatidylcholine content with respect to all the phospholipids is 25-50 mass%.

  The animal feed material is used, for example, to improve the production of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract.

  The present invention also provides a feed comprising 0.1 to 5% by mass of the animal feed material described above on a phospholipid mass basis.

  The animal feed preferably contains 10% by mass or more of rough feed. In the present specification, the term roughage means a component having a high crude fiber content and a low digestible nutrient content.

  The animal feed is especially for ruminants.

  The present invention also provides an animal breeding method comprising feeding the animal feed material to the animal at a rate of 8 to 400 g / day on a phospholipid mass basis.

  The present invention also provides a short-chain fatty acid production improver in the digestive tract, comprising lecithin having an acetone-soluble matter content of 10% by mass or less and a phosphatidylcholine content of 25 to 50% by mass relative to the total phospholipids. To do.

  The present invention also provides a method for improving the production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of animals, comprising feeding the animal with the above-mentioned agent for improving production of short-chain fatty acids.

  When the animal feed material of the present invention containing specific lecithin is added to the feed, fermentation of the digestive tract is promoted in the animals fed with the feed material. The promotion of fermentation in the digestive tract makes it easier for microorganisms to metabolize unfermentable carbohydrates such as fibers (cellulose and hemicellulose) contained in feed.

  When the feed contains roughage (the main component of which is fiber), for example, 10% by mass or more, the animal feed material of the present invention significantly promotes the fermentation of the fiber in the digestive tract, and the short chain from the fiber. Lead to conversion to fatty acid (VFA). Specifically, the total production amount of VFA (a combination of all of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid) increases. Among VFAs, the production of beneficial acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, which can be a major energy source for animals, is particularly accelerated.

  The animal feed material of the present invention can improve the utilization efficiency of feed as a result of producing VFA in a quantitative and qualitative manner, that is, it can efficiently produce livestock products with a small amount of feed. And In the case of dairy cows, it is also possible to increase milk yield, increase milk fat concentration, lactose concentration and milk protein concentration. In the case of beef cattle, it is possible to gain weight and improve meat quality.

  When lactic acid produced in the rumen fermentation pathway of ruminants accumulates in the rumen, the pH of the rumen fluid decreases and rumen acidosis occurs. As a result, ruminants are prone to diseases such as loss of appetite, drastic reduction of milk yield, lying down, and inability to stand. According to the animal breeding method of the present invention including feeding the feed raw material of the present invention to the animal at 8 to 400 g / day based on the mass of phospholipid, the lactic acid is easily converted to propionic acid. In addition, the promotion of conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA suppresses the production of lactic acid and increases the amount of acetic acid produced. Therefore, ruminant acidosis in ruminants and the resulting diseases such as loss of appetite, drastic reduction of milk production, recumbency and inability to stand up can be prevented.

  The effects of increasing production of VFA in rumen, and prevention of rumen acidosis and diseases based thereon, in addition to the form of feed material, the content of soluble acetone is 10% by mass or less, and the content of phosphatidylcholine with respect to total phospholipids It can also be obtained by single administration to an animal in the form of a short-chain fatty acid production improver in the digestive tract, which contains 25 to 50% by mass of lecithin.

Figure 2 shows a rumen fermentation pathway diagram for ruminants.

  The animal feed material of the present invention contains lecithin having an acetone-soluble matter content of 10% by mass or less and a phosphatidylcholine content of 25 to 50% by mass relative to the total phospholipids. The lecithin is not limited in its origin as long as the content of soluble acetone is within the above range. For example, raw material seeds for lecithin include soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, cottonseed, corn, peanut, palm, sesame, rice, safflower, egoma, flaxseed and the like. Soybeans and rapeseed are preferable.

  A phospholipid is a lipid having a phosphate ester in its molecular structure. Specific examples of phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine (lecithin in a narrow sense), phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin and the like. In the present specification, the term “lecithin” means a mixture containing at least one kind of the phospholipid and further containing impurities such as glycolipid and oligosaccharide.

  The acetone-soluble matter content of lecithin that can be used in the present invention is 10% by mass or less, preferably 4% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or less. Such lecithin is obtained, for example, by obtaining crude lecithin by drying the gum that is separated in the degumming step in the vegetable oil production process to a moisture content of 1% or less, and then using the crude lecithin as a solvent. It is obtained by removing the lipid and other trace components through fractionation. The lecithin thus obtained may be hereinafter referred to as deoiled lecithin. The composition of deoiled lecithin varies depending on the oil seed, but usually contains 50 to 80% by mass, preferably 55 to 75% by mass of phospholipid.

  In addition to the above lecithin, the animal feed material of the present invention includes ethoxyquin, BHT, BHA, TBHQ, tocopherol, ascorbic acid for the purpose of improving storage stability and oxidation stability, as long as the effects of the present invention are not inhibited. An auxiliary agent such as ascorbyl palmitate can be added.

  The present invention also provides an animal feed comprising the animal feed material. As raw materials for feed other than lecithin, raw grass, silage, hay, straw; rice, brown rice, rye, wheat, barley, corn, milo, soybean, etc .; soybean meal, molted soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate, separation Vegetable protein such as soybean protein, soybean protein separation by-product, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, lupine meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, alfalfa powder, potato protein, chickpea, pea, kidney bean, lentil, black bean, etc. Sources: Animal protein sources such as meat-and-bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, pork meal, chicken meal, and skim milk powder; fats and oils such as vegetable oils, animal oils, powdered beef tallow, liver oil; bioethanol distillers (DDGS) Fermentation by-products such as beer lees, shochu lees, sake lees, wine lees, whiskey lees, soy sauce lees; okara, tea extract lees, fields・ Food industry by-products such as fruit extract koji, coffee koji; amino acids such as lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine; vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, Vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin C, biotin, and choline or active substances for vitamins; minerals such as zinc, calcium, selenium, iron, and phosphorus; magnesium sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide, cobalt sulfate Inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, calcium phosphate, choline chloride; and pigments.

  In the field of dairy cattle and beef cattle feed, the animal feed materials are roughly classified into rough feed and concentrated feed according to digestible nutrients and the content of crude fiber. The roughage is a component having a high content of coarse fibers and a low digestible nutrient content. Specifically, raw grass, silage, hay, straw, and the like are included.

  Concentrated feed is a component with high digestible nutrients and low crude fiber content. Specifically, cereals, algae, vegetable oil cakes, fermentation by-products and the like are included.

  As a basic nutrient management index for stably maintaining rumen fermentation in ruminants, the ratio of roughage to concentrated feed (roughness ratio) has been conventionally employed. The rough concentration ratio of feed given to ruminants is usually 10 to 90% by weight in terms of feed ratio.

  VFA, particularly acetic acid, is generally produced when fermenting roughage, but is said to have poor fermentability. As shown in Examples 1 to 4 described later, the feed raw material of the present invention promotes the production of VFA by promoting fermentation of the roughage. Therefore, feeding the feed raw material of the present invention can be expected to increase the milk amount and the amount of milk components in the case of dairy cows, and to increase the body weight and improve the meat quality in the case of beef cattle.

  In the animal feed containing the animal feed raw material of the present invention, the lower limit ratio of the rough feed is usually 10% by mass, preferably 15% by mass, and more preferably 30% by mass. On the other hand, the upper limit of the roughage is usually 90% by mass, preferably 80% by mass, and more preferably 60% by mass.

  The animal feed of the present invention contains the animal feed material in an amount of usually 0.1 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 4% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 3% by mass in terms of phospholipid mass. .

  In the animal feed of the present invention, auxiliary agents other than nutrient sources may be used within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention in order to prevent deterioration of the feed quality, promote effective use of nutrient components, and the like. . Examples thereof include antioxidants, fungicides, binders, emulsifiers, pH adjusters, antibacterial agents, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, enzymes, viable agents, organic acids and the like.

  Applicable objects of the animal feed material of the present invention are ruminants such as cattle, goats and sheep, domestic animals such as pigs, horses, rabbits, chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, aigamo, pheasants, fish, dogs, cats, etc. Is a pet animal. Preferred are ruminants such as cows, goats and sheep, and more preferred are cows.

  Lecithin having an acetone-soluble substance content of 10% by mass or less and a phosphatidylcholine content in the total phospholipid of 25 to 50% by mass improves short-chain fatty acid production in the digestive tract as described above. The present invention also provides a use of the lecithin as a short-chain fatty acid production improver in the digestive tract, in addition to the feed raw material. The present invention also provides a method for improving the production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of animals, comprising feeding the animal with the above-mentioned agent for improving production of short-chain fatty acids.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[Examples 1 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 3] In vitro test of deoiled lecithin Effect of adding deoiled lecithin on the production of short chain fatty acids in in vitro fermentation test using bovine rumen fluid I investigated. For comparison, a fermentation test was also performed when lipid derived from soybean or rapeseed (soybean oil or rapeseed oil) was added.

(1) Preparation of feed A By mixing Italian ryegrass (hay) as a rough feed and a commercially available concentrated feed (product name: soft breeze, made by Nippon Compound Feed Co., Ltd.) as a thick feed at a mass ratio of 1: 1. Feed A was obtained. Hereinafter, the ratio (mass basis) between the roughage and the concentrated feed may be referred to as a crude concentration ratio. Table 1 shows the display of commercially available concentrated feed.

(2) Preparation of deoiled lecithin A rapeseed-derived one and a soybean-derived one were prepared as the deoiled lecithin by the following procedure.
(2) -1 Preparation of Deoiled Rapeseed Lecithin Crude rapeseed lecithin was obtained by drying under reduced pressure the gum that was by-produced in the degumming step during the production of rapeseed oil. Crude rapeseed lecithin was a viscous paste containing 35-40% by mass of acetone-soluble matter. This crude rapeseed lecithin was dissolved in 5 times amount of acetone, the lower layer was recovered by stationary separation, and dissolved again in 5 times amount of acetone. This operation was repeated 5 times. The resulting lower layer was dried under reduced pressure to obtain rapeseed lecithin deoiled until the acetone-soluble matter became 1.0% by mass. The rapeseed-derived deoiled lecithin had a water content of 1.0% by mass and was in the form of a powder. The composition of deoiled rapeseed lecithin is shown in Table 2.

(2) -2 Preparation of Deoiled Soybean Lecithin Commercially deoiled soybean lecithin (product name: lecithin PW, manufactured by J-Oil Mills Co., Ltd.) was prepared as the deoiled lecithin derived from soybean. The water content of the deoiled soybean lecithin was 2.0% by mass, and the acetone-soluble matter was 2.8% by mass. The composition of deoiled soy lecithin is shown in Table 2.

(3) Rumen fluid collection F1 cattle (40 months old) equipped with a rumen fistula was used for the rumen fluid fermentation test. The cows were housed individually in a concrete bed. Cattle were fed 8 kg of feed A per day (4 kg of concentrated feed / day) for 3 weeks. In addition, antibacterial agents and other drugs were not administered to cattle 3 weeks before and during the test.

(4) Fermentation test On the morning of feeding A for 3 weeks (before feeding), about 500 mL of rumen fluid was collected from the cow. 500 mL of the collected rumen solution was filtered with quadruple gauze. The rumen filtrate was diluted by mixing this filtrate with McDougal's Buffer in a ratio of 5: 4. 9 mL of the obtained lumen diluted solution was dispensed into a 15 mL vial.

  A solution obtained by adding 1% by mass bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 1% by mass or 3% by mass of rapeseed-derived or soybean-derived deoiled lecithin to McDougal's Buffer is applied to an ultrasonic generator to prepare a BSA emulsion. did.

  1 mL of the BSA emulsion was dispensed into the vial and mixed with the lumen dilution to obtain a fermentation test solution. The content of deoiled lecithin in the fermentation test solution was 0.1% by mass or 0.3% by mass (Examples 1 to 4).

  For comparison, 1 mL of an emulsion prepared by adding only 1% by mass of BSA to the above McDoughall's Buffer is dispensed into the vial and mixed with 9 mL of the lumen dilution to obtain a fermentation test solution. (Comparative Example 1).

  Further, the above McDougal's Buffer is mixed with 1% by mass of BSA and 3% by mass of rapeseed oil (product name: Sarasara Canola Oil, manufactured by J-Oil Mills Co., Ltd.) 1 ml of an emulsion prepared by adding J-Oil Mills, Inc.) was dispensed into the vial and mixed with 9 ml of the lumen dilution to obtain a fermentation test solution. The content of rapeseed oil or soybean oil in the fermentation test solution was 0.3% by mass (Comparative Examples 2-3).

  Cellulose (filter paper) was employed as a carbohydrate made of fiber as a fermentation substrate for the fermentation test using the fermentation test solution. Specifically, 100 mg of filter paper (product name: Whatman No. 1, manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd.) was put into a vial bottle containing the above-mentioned lumen diluent and the above BSA emulsion. Thereafter, the gas phase in the vial was replaced with nitrogen gas and sealed with a butyl rubber stopper and an aluminum seal. The obtained mixed solution was cultured with shaking at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. Fermentation experiments were performed twice per experimental group.

The concentration of VFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid) in the fermentation test solution after the culture was measured by the following procedure. 0.5 mL of hexane was added to 0.5 mL of the rumen solution. This was suspended, and then separated into an aqueous layer and a hexane layer by centrifugation (4 ° C., 10,000 rpm, 5 min). The aqueous layer was collected as a sample for VFA analysis. The collected sample was subjected to gas chromatography (GC) under the following conditions.
[GC condition]
Injection temp. : 250 ° C
Column: Nukol (Supelco Inc.), 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm
Initial temp. : 100 ° C
Program rate: 15 ° C / min
Final temp. 185 ° C
Detector: FID (250 ° C)
Carrier flow rate: 1.0 mL / min
Carrier gas: He

The lactic acid concentration of the fermentation test solution after the culture was measured using F-kit lactic acid (JK International). The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

  As shown in Tables 3 and 4, in Examples 1 to 4 in which deoiled lecithin was added to the rumen solution in an in vitro fermentation test using cellulose as the fermentation substrate, the total VFA amount used was a rumen solution that did not contain it. It was 6 to 14% higher than the comparative example 1. Moreover, in Comparative Examples 2-3 using rapeseed oil or soybean oil instead of deoiled lecithin, rumen fermentation was suppressed by the decrease in VFA. In any test group, no change was observed in the amount of lactic acid. From these facts, it was found that deoiled lecithin has the effect of promoting the fermentation of the fiber in the rumen fluid.

[Examples 5 to 7, Comparative Example 4] In vivo test of deoiled lecithin (1)
In order to examine the effect of the feed containing deoiled lecithin on the production of short-chain fatty acids when fed to animals, an in vivo fermentation test using bovine rumen fluid was performed.

  Three F1 cows (female) equipped with lumen fistula (average age 40 months) were used in the administration test. The cows were housed individually in a concrete bed. Antibiotics and other drugs were not administered to the cows 3 weeks before and during the study.

(Production of feed B)
Feed B was obtained by adding the deoiled soybean lecithin described in Example 3 to the feed A so as to be 0.294% by mass on the basis of the phospholipid mass.

(Production of feed C)
Feed C was obtained by adding the deoiled soybean lecithin described in Example 3 to the feed A so as to be 0.589% by mass on the basis of phospholipid mass.

(Production of feed D)
Feed D was obtained by adding the deoiled soybean lecithin described in Example 3 to the feed A so as to be 0.883% by mass based on the phospholipid mass.

  4 kg of feeds A to D were fed twice a day for 5 days. Cattle that received feeds B to D were deoiled lecithin derived from soybean, respectively, 36 g / day (phospholipid dosage 23.5 g / day), 72 g / day (phospholipid dosage 47.1 g / day), and This means that 108 g / day (phospholipid dosage 70.6 g / day) was ingested.

  About 50 mL of rumen fluid was collected from rumen fistula (four days in total) before feeding each morning after the start of the feeding test. The rumen solution was filtered with quadruple gauze, and the reaction was stopped by adjusting to pH 2 using 5N hydrochloric acid, and the refrigerator was stored refrigerated until the following analysis. The concentration of VFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid) in this solution was measured by gas chromatography. The measured value was shown as the average value ± standard deviation of the samples for 4 days. The results are shown in Table 5.

  As shown in Table 5, in Examples 7 to 9 in which the feed containing deoiled soybean lecithin was administered, the total VFA amount increased by 15 to 19% compared to Feed A (Comparative Example 4). Moreover, the total VFA amount increased depending on the concentration of the deoiled soybean lecithin dose. In particular, increases in acetic acid and propionic acid were significant.

[Examples 8 and 9, Comparative Examples 5 and 6] In vivo test of deoiled lecithin (2)
Two F1 cows (female) equipped with lumen fistula (average age of 33 months) were used in the administration test. The cows were housed individually in a concrete bed. Antibiotics and other drugs were not administered to the cows 3 weeks before and during the study.

(Production of feed E)
Feed E was obtained by adding 0.271% by mass of the deoiled rapeseed lecithin described in Example 1 to the above feed A on a phospholipid mass basis.

(Production of feed F)
The feed F was obtained by mixing the roughage and the concentrated feed in a ratio of 1: 4.

(Production of feed G)
Feed G was obtained by adding 0.433% by mass of the deoiled rapeseed lecithin described in Example 1 to the above feed F on a phospholipid mass basis.

  Feed A or feeds E to G were fed twice a day for 3 days at a feed amount containing 2 kg of concentrated feed per time. The intake of deoiled rapeseed lecithin for cattle fed with feed E or G was 36 g / day (phospholipid dosage 21.7 g / day).

  About 50 mL of rumen fluid was collected from rumen fistula before feeding the next morning after the feeding test. The rumen solution was filtered with quadruple gauze, and the reaction was stopped by adjusting the pH to 2 using 5N hydrochloric acid, and stored refrigerated until the following analysis. The concentration of VFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid) in this solution was measured by gas chromatography. The results are shown in Table 6.

  Table 6 shows the following. In Example 8 in which the feed containing deoiled rapeseed lecithin was administered, the total VFA amount was increased by 35% compared to Comparative Example 5 in which the feed containing no deoiled rapeseed lecithin was administered. Similarly, in Example 9 in which the ratio of feed concentration was changed, the total VFA amount was similarly increased by 29% compared to Comparative Example 6 in which the feed containing no deoiled rapeseed lecithin was administered. In particular, increases in acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were significant.

  From Tables 5 and 6, it was found that deoiled lecithin has an effect of promoting the production of short chain fatty acids without depending on the origin of oil seeds.

  Comparing Example 8 with a crude concentration ratio of 1: 1 (50% by weight of roughage) and Example 9 with a coarse concentration ratio of 1: 4 (20% of roughage), Example 8 with a higher ratio of roughage is better. The increase in the amount of VFA was large. The deoiled lecithin of the present invention promotes the production of VFA (particularly acetic acid) by effectively fermenting the roughage. Therefore, it can be said that it is preferable to add the feed raw material of the present invention containing deoiled lecithin to a feed having a high proportion of roughage.

Claims (5)

A lecithin having an acetone-soluble matter content of 1.0 to 2.8% by mass and a phosphatidylcholine content of all phospholipids of 30.3 % to 42.2 % by mass based on the mass of phospholipids was 0.271 to 71. A ruminant feed containing 0.883 % by mass and 20 % by mass to 50 % by mass of roughage.   The feed for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that the production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of ruminants is improved. A lecithin having an acetone-soluble matter content of 1.0 to 2.8% by mass and a phosphatidylcholine content of all phospholipids of 30.3 % to 42.2 % by mass based on the mass of phospholipids was 0.271 to 71. Breeding of ruminants, including feeding ruminants with a feed for ruminants containing 0.883 % by mass and 20 % by mass or more and 50 % by mass or less of roughage to ruminants on a phospholipid mass basis, 8 to 400 g / day Method.   The method for breeding ruminants according to claim 3, characterized in that production of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of ruminants is improved. A lecithin having an acetone-soluble matter content of 1.0 to 2.8% by mass and a phosphatidylcholine content of all phospholipids of 30.3 % to 42.2 % by mass based on the mass of phospholipids was 0.271 to 71. A method for producing a ruminant feed, comprising 0.883 % by mass and blending a rough feed in an amount of 20 % by mass to 50 % by mass.