JP6595999B2 - 脂質、糖、およびタンパク質回収のための微細藻類の酵素消化 - Google Patents
脂質、糖、およびタンパク質回収のための微細藻類の酵素消化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6595999B2 JP6595999B2 JP2016537896A JP2016537896A JP6595999B2 JP 6595999 B2 JP6595999 B2 JP 6595999B2 JP 2016537896 A JP2016537896 A JP 2016537896A JP 2016537896 A JP2016537896 A JP 2016537896A JP 6595999 B2 JP6595999 B2 JP 6595999B2
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- lipid
- microalgae
- protease
- biomass
- amylase
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Description
[0001]本出願は、35U.S.C.§111(b)の下に、2013年8月30日に出願された米国仮出願第61/871,997号、および35U.S.C.§111(b)の下に、2013年9月13日に出願された米国仮出願第61/877,497号に優先権を請求し、これらの全開示は、すべての目的のため、本明細書に援用される。
[0002]本発明は、全米科学財団によって授与される助成金番号CHE1230609および米国エネルギー省によって授与される助成金番号DE−EE0005993の下に、政府支援を得て行われた。米国政府は本発明において、特定の権利を有する。
[0007]本明細書に提供するのは、1またはそれより多いプロテアーゼで微細藻類を処理して、消化されたバイオマスを得て;消化されたバイオマスを有機相および水相に分離して、ここで有機相は脂質を含有し、そして水相は固形物、炭水化物およびペプチドを含有する;そして水相の少なくとも一部を、1またはそれより多いアミラーゼで処理して、加水分解された炭水化物およびタンパク質を含有するアミラーゼ処理水相を得る工程を含む、酵素加水分解法である。
[0017]特定の態様において、酵素混合物は、微細藻類バイオマス中のタンパク質内容物のある程度を加水分解し、そしてまた、他の栄養素を加水分解物内に放出する。放出された栄養素およびアミノ酸(窒素供給源)を含む加水分解物を、いかなるさらなる付加も伴わず、生物由来産物の発酵プロセス中に用いる。固形物残渣を収集し、そして場合によってさらなる工程を実行して、固形物残渣中の価値ある産物を抽出することも可能である。特定の態様のコハク酸発酵において、微細藻類加水分解物の液体相を用いると、補充酵母エキスを伴うまたは伴わない発酵間で、類似の収率(〜72%、w/w)および活性が達成される。
図面の簡単な説明
[0025]特許または出願ファイルは、彩色された1またはそれより多い図ならびに/あるいは1またはそれより多い写真を含有する。着色図(単数または複数)および/または写真(単数または複数)を含む本特許または特許出願刊行物のコピーは、依頼および必要な料金の支払いがあれば、米国特許商標局によって提供されるであろう。
[0065]クロレラ属(Chlorella)種およびシゾキトリウム・リマシウム(Schizochitrium limacium)が例示目的のために記載されているが、本明細書記載の方法を任意の適切な微細藻類で実行可能であることが理解されるものとする。微細藻類の50,000を超える既知の種がある。微細藻類の適切な種には、限定されるわけではないが:クロレラ属の種;スピルリナ属(Spirulina)の種;シゾキトリウム・リマシウム;ボトリオコッカス・ブラウニー(Botryococcus braunii);イソクリシス属(Isochrysis)の種、例えばイソクリシス・ガルバナ(Isochrysis galbana);ネオクロリス・オレオアブンダンス(Neochloris oleoabundans);フェオダクチルム・トリコルヌツム(Phaeodactylum tricornutum);プレウロクリシス・カルテラエ(Pleurochrysis carterae);プリムネシウム・パルブム(Prymnesium parvum);セネデスムス・ディモルフス(Scenedesmus dimorphus);テントラセルミス・チュイ(Tetraselmis chui);およびテトラセルミス・スエシカ(Tetraselmis suecica)が含まれる。一般的に、本明細書記載の方法において、いかなる緑藻種も使用可能である。
[0070]実施例1−酵素処理法を用いた、湿性藻類バイオマスからの脂質および単量体糖の回収
[0071]これらの実験において、ATCC(MYA1381)から得た、2つの藻類株:a)クロレラ属種、SLA−04、およびb)シゾキトリウム・リマシウム、SR21を用いた。
[0076]図5A〜5Bから、どちらの藻類材料(SLA−04およびSR−21)から放出された脂質の率および度合いも、プロテアーゼのみでの処理、ならびにプロテアーゼおよびアミラーゼの混合物での処理において、類似であることがわかる。酵素処理の結果として、SLA−04に関して、バイオマス中に含有される脂質の>85%(脂肪酸メチルエステル−FAMEに関して測定)が放出された(そして抽出された)。SR−21に関して、>72%の細胞脂質が放出された。酵素不含対照処理は、いかなる抽出可能な脂質も放出しなかった。
[0080]プロテアーゼ、α−アミラーゼ、およびグルコアミラーゼ、ならびにその組み合わせを用いて、酵素加水分解実験を行った。脂質が少ない藻類バイオマス(脂質含量<5%(w/w))を商業的な廃水処理施設から得た。バイオマスは、24.5%(w/w)の炭水化物含量を有した。4.5のpH、16%(w/v)の固形物装填で、消化実験を行った。各酵素の量は、以下の通りに固定した:2.5kUプロテアーゼ、5kUのα−アミラーゼ、および150Uのグルコアミラーゼ。酵素加水分解反応を、200rpm、55℃で2時間攪拌する密封血清バイアル中で行った。インキュベーション期間終了時に試料を収集して、そして屈折率(RI)検出装置を伴うShodex SH1011イオン交換カラムを用いたHPLCによって分析した。
[0085]熱水前処理を酵素消化と組み合わせて用いて、糖回収のための酵素必要性を低下させる潜在的可能性を評価した。熱水処理のため、藻類スラリー(16%w/w)を密封血清瓶に装填し、そして120℃で30分間オートクレーブした。室温まで冷却した後、α−アミラーゼおよびグルコアミラーゼの混合物を用いて(pH=4.5)、前処理したスラリーを55℃で6時間消化した。150Uのグルコアミラーゼ装填を維持しながら、0.5〜15kUの間のα−アミラーゼ装填で、一連の消化を行った。実験終了時に単量体糖放出を測定した。図15に見られるように、前処理によって、熱で前処理されなかった対照に比較して、酵素消化可能性が改善された。その結果、5kUという低いα−アミラーゼ装填で、最大90%の糖回収が達成可能であった。
[0087]4つの条件下、対照としての3つのモデル糖溶液とともに、酵素的に加水分解された藻類バイオマスに関して、コハク酸発酵実験を行った。まず、実施例2に記載するように、プロテアーゼおよびグルコアミラーゼの混合物を用いて、16%(w/v)藻類バイオマススラリーを50℃で2時間消化した。消化されたスラリーの一部を遠心分離して(5000rpm、10分間)、固形物を分離した。全消化物(digestate)で、ならびに上清で、さらなる栄養素供給源として酵母エキス(2g/L)を含む場合および含まない場合の両方で、発酵を実行した。対照として、消化物と同じ糖濃度を含むモデル糖溶液もまた、2g/L、5g/L、または10g/Lの酵母エキスとともに、発酵させた。
Claims (18)
- 微細藻類から単量体糖を得る方法であって:
微細藻類を酵素の混合物により一工程で消化して、消化されたバイオマスを産生し、ここで酵素混合物は少なくとも1つのプロテアーゼおよび少なくとも1つのグルコアミラーゼを含み;そして
その後で、消化されたバイオマスを分画工程を用いて有機相および水相に分離する、ここで有機相は脂質を含有し、そして水相は固形物、炭水化物、単量体糖およびペプチドを含有する
工程を含み;
藻類炭水化物から単量体糖への変換が90%以上である、前記方法。 - 有機相および水相の一方または両方をさらにプロセシングおよび/または分離して、脂質、固形物、または生物由来(bio−based)産物を得る工程を含む、請求項1の方法。
- さらなるプロセシングおよび/または分離工程が、有機相を脂質−溶媒分離に供して脂質を回収する工程を含む、請求項2の方法。
- さらなるプロセシングおよび/または分離工程が:
水相を固形物−液体分離に供して、分離された固形物および上清を得て、上清が炭水化物および栄養素を含有し;そして
上清を微生物発酵に供して、生物由来産物を得る
工程を含む、請求項2の方法。 - 生物由来産物がコハク酸を含む、請求項4の方法。
- 有機溶媒で、固形物から脂質を抽出する工程をさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- 微細藻類が、脂質が豊富な湿性微細藻類である、請求項1の方法。
- 微細藻類から単量体糖を得る方法であって:
少なくとも1つのプロテアーゼおよび少なくとも1つのグルコアミラーゼを含む酵素混合物で脂質含量5%w/w未満の微細藻類を一工程で消化して、消化されたバイオマスを製造し;そして
その後で、消化されたバイオマスを有機相および水相に分離する、ここで有機相は脂質を含有し、そして水相は固形物、炭水化物、単量体糖およびペプチドを含有する
工程を含み;
藻類炭水化物から単量体糖への変換が90%以上である、前記方法。 - 有機相および水相のいずれかをさらに分離および/またはプロセシングして、脂質、固形物、または生物由来産物を得る工程をさらに含む、請求項8の方法。
- さらなる分離および/またはプロセシング工程が、水相を微生物発酵に供して、生物由来産物を得る工程を含む、請求項9の方法。
- さらなる分離および/またはプロセシング工程が:
水相を固形物−液体分離に供して、固形物および上清を得て;そして
上清を微生物発酵に供して、生物由来産物を得る
工程を含む、請求項9の方法。 - 酵素の少なくとも一つが真菌由来である、請求項1の方法。
- 混合物がグルコアミラーゼを150Uの量で含む、請求項1の方法。
- 混合物がプロテアーゼを1.25kUを超える量で含む、請求項1の方法。
- 混合物が少なくとも一つのα−アミラーゼをさらに含む、請求項1の方法。
- グルコアミラーゼが混合物中に150Uの量で存在する、請求項8の方法。
- プロテアーゼが混合物中に1.25kUを超える量で存在する、請求項8の方法。
- 酵素混合物が少なくとも一つのα−アミラーゼをさらに含む、請求項8の方法。
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EP3039150B1 (en) | 2021-10-06 |
JP2020010713A (ja) | 2020-01-23 |
AU2014312110B2 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
US20200347414A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
AU2017245362B2 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
WO2015031762A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
EP3039150A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
EP3039150A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
US11104920B2 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
JP2016531576A (ja) | 2016-10-13 |
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