JP6585754B2 - 炭化水素ストリームを冷却するための改良された方法およびシステム - Google Patents
炭化水素ストリームを冷却するための改良された方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6585754B2 JP6585754B2 JP2018038614A JP2018038614A JP6585754B2 JP 6585754 B2 JP6585754 B2 JP 6585754B2 JP 2018038614 A JP2018038614 A JP 2018038614A JP 2018038614 A JP2018038614 A JP 2018038614A JP 6585754 B2 JP6585754 B2 JP 6585754B2
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- refrigerant
- cooled
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- stream
- heat exchanger
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 146
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 137
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 35
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 655
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 95
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 52
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 22
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 CO 2 and H 2 S Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101000841267 Homo sapiens Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100029107 Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- JJYKJUXBWFATTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N mosher's acid Chemical compound COC(C(O)=O)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJYKJUXBWFATTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- GRNHLFULJDXJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-sulfanylethyl)-1h-quinazoline-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)NC2=C1 GRNHLFULJDXJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100537665 Trypanosoma cruzi TOR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
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- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
- F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0207—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level SCR refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
- F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
- F25J1/0227—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers within a refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
- F25J1/0268—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0403—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/902—Details about the refrigeration cycle used, e.g. composition of refrigerant, arrangement of compressors or cascade, make up sources, use of reflux exchangers etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/50—Arrangement of multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step in parallel
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Description
(a)1つ以上の圧縮段において、第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(b)1つ以上の周囲熱交換器において、周囲流体に対して圧縮された第1の冷媒を冷却して、第1の温度の冷却された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(c)1つ以上の周囲熱交換器から下流に流体流連通して位置付けられた少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々において、流体ストリームを冷却することであって、少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々が、少なくとも1つの蒸発段を有し、各蒸発段において、
(i)第1の冷媒を減圧するステップ、
(ii)蒸発器において、減圧された第1の冷媒に対して流体ストリームを
冷却し、減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分の蒸発をもたらすステップ、お
よび
(iii)蒸発されて減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分を少なくと
も1つの圧縮段のうちの1つの中へ流すステップの各々が行われる、冷却すること
であって、
少なくとも1つの冷却回路において冷却される少なくとも1つの流体ストリームが、炭化水素供給ストリームを含み、ステップ(c)が、冷却された炭化水素ストリームを生成する、冷却することと、
(d)ステップ(b)の後、かつステップ(c)の前に、第1の温度が第1の冷媒の臨界温度以上である場合に、少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器において、補助冷媒に対して第1の冷媒をさらに冷却して、第2の温度のさらに冷却された第1の冷媒を生成することであって、第2の温度が、第1の冷媒の臨界温度未満である、生成することと、
(e)ステップ(b)の後、かつステップ(c)の前に、第1の温度が第1の冷媒の臨界温度未満である場合に、少なくとも1つの補助をバイパスすることと、を含む、方法。
(f)少なくとも1つの液化熱交換器において、第2の冷媒ストリームに対して冷却された炭化水素ストリームをさらに冷却し、液化して、液化天然ガスストリームを生成することをさらに含む、態様1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
(a)複数の圧縮段において第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することをさらに含む、態様1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
第1の冷媒を圧縮するように動作的に構成された少なくとも1つの圧縮段と、
少なくとも1つの圧縮段と下流で流体流連通する少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器であって、少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器が、周囲流体に対する間接熱交換によって、第1の冷媒を第1の温度まで冷却するように動作的に構成される、少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器と、
少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器と下流で流体流連通する少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器であって、第1の冷媒を、第1の冷媒の臨界温度未満である第2の温度までさらに冷却するように動作的に構成される、少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器と、
少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器から下流に流体流連通して位置付けられた少なくとも1つの冷却回路であって、少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々が、少なくとも1つの蒸発段を有し、蒸発段の各々が、蒸発器と上流で流体流連通する膨張弁を備え、蒸発器が、第1の冷媒に対して流体ストリームを冷却し、蒸発された第1の冷媒ストリームおよび冷却された流体ストリームを作り出すように動作的に構成され、蒸発段の各々が、少なくとも1つの圧縮段のうちの1つと流体流連通する蒸発された第1の冷媒回路をさらに備える、冷却回路と、
コントローラ、少なくとも1つの温度センサ、複数の弁、ならびに少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器および少なくとも1つの冷却回路と流体流連通する少なくとも1つのバイパス回路を備えるバイパスシステムであって、(1)第1の温度が第1の冷媒の臨界温度以上であるときに、少なくとも1つのバイパス回路を通る第1の冷媒の流れを阻止し、かつ少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器を通る第1の冷媒の流れを可能にするように、および(2)第1の温度が第1の冷媒の臨界温度未満であるときに、少なくとも1つのバイパス回路を通る第1の冷媒の流れを可能にし、かつ少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器を通る第1の冷媒の流れを阻止するように、動作的に構成される、バイパスシステムと、を備え、
少なくとも1つの冷却回路のうちの少なくとも1つの流体ストリームが、炭化水素供給ストリームを含む、装置。
(a)少なくとも1つの圧縮段において、第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(b)少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器において、周囲流体に対して圧縮された第1の冷媒を冷却して、第1の冷媒の臨界温度以上である第1の温度の、冷却された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(c)周囲熱交換器から下流に流体連通して位置付けられた少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々において、流体ストリームを冷却することであって、少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々が、少なくとも1つの蒸発段を有し、各蒸発段において、
(i)第1の冷媒を減圧するステップ、
(ii)蒸発器において、減圧された第1の冷媒に対して流体ストリームを
冷却し、減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分の蒸発をもたらすステップ、お
よび
(iii)蒸発されて減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分を少なくと
も1つの圧縮段のうちの1つの中へ流すステップの各々が行われる、冷却すること
と、を含み、
少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々の少なくとも1つの蒸発段が、少なくとも1つの冷却回路の上流端に位置付けられた第1の蒸発段を備え、ステップ(c)(i)が、各第1の蒸発段において、
(c)(i)等エントロピー膨張装置を使用して第1の冷媒の第1の部分を減圧して、0.2以上かつ0.6以下の蒸気留分を有する第1の減圧された第1の冷媒を生成するステップを含み、
少なくとも1つの冷却回路において冷却される少なくとも1つの流体ストリームが、炭化水素ストリームおよび第2の冷媒ストリームからなる群から選択される、方法。
(d)少なくとも1つの液化熱交換器において、第2の冷媒ストリームに対して冷却された炭化水素ストリームをさらに冷却し、液化して、液化天然ガスストリームを生成することをさらに含む、態様16に記載の方法。
複数の圧縮段において第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することをさらに含む、態様16〜19のいずれかに記載の方法。
以下は、例示的な一実施形態の一実施例である。例示的なプロセスおよびデータは、名目上年間500万メートルトン(MTPA)のLNGを生成するプラントにおける予冷および液化プロセスのシミュレーションに基づく。この実施例の予冷冷媒は、エタンまたは二酸化炭素であり、液化冷媒は、MRまたはN2のいずれかとすることができる。この実施例は、特に図5に示される実施形態を参照するが、図6および他の関連する実施形態にも適用することができる。周囲温度は、華氏77度(摂氏25度)である。エタンおよび二酸化炭素の臨界温度は、摂氏約30度である。
以下は、例示的な一実施形態の一実施例である。例示的なプロセスおよびデータは、名目上年間5MTPAのLNGを生成するプラントにおける予冷および液化プロセスのシミュレーションに基づく。この実施例の予冷冷媒は、エタンまたは二酸化炭素であり、液化冷媒は、MRまたはN2のいずれかとすることができる。この実施例は、特に図7に示される実施形態を参照するが、他の実施形態にも適用することができる。第1の期間は、華氏77度(摂氏25度)の平均周囲温度中に起こり、第2の期間は、華氏52度(摂氏11度)の低温周囲温度中に起こる。この実施例の説明を簡単にするために、図7に示される実施形態に関して説明される要素および参照番号が使用される。図4(先行技術)に示される実施形態に関して説明される参照番号は、比較のためにも使用される。
以下は、例示的な一実施形態の一実施例である。例示的なプロセスおよびデータは、名目上年間5MTPAのLNGを生成するプラントにおける予冷および液化プロセスのシミュレーションに基づく。この実施例の予冷冷媒は、エタンまたは二酸化炭素であり、液化冷媒は、MRまたはN2のいずれかとすることができる。この実施例は、図12Bに示される実施形態を特に参照する。
Claims (18)
- 第1の冷媒に対する間接熱交換により炭化水素供給ストリームを冷却して、冷却された炭化水素供給ストリームを生成する方法であって、前記第1の冷媒が臨界温度を有し、前記方法が、
(a)1つ以上の圧縮段において、前記第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(b)1つ以上の周囲熱交換器において、周囲流体に対する間接熱交換により前記圧縮された第1の冷媒を冷却して、第1の温度の冷却された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(c)前記1つ以上の周囲熱交換器から下流に流体流連通して位置付けられた少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々において、流体ストリームを冷却することであって、前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々が、少なくとも1つの蒸発段を有し、各蒸発段において、
(i)前記第1の冷媒を減圧するステップ、
(ii)蒸発器において、前記減圧された第1の冷媒に対する間接熱交換に
より前記流体ストリームを冷却し、前記減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分
の蒸発をもたらすステップ、および
(iii)前記蒸発されて減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分を前記少なくとも
1つの圧縮段のうちの1つの中へ流すステップの各々が行われる、冷却することで あって、
前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路において冷却される少なくとも1つの流体ストリームが、前記炭化水素供給ストリームを含み、ステップ(c)が、冷却された炭化水素供給ストリームを生成する、冷却することと、
(d)ステップ(b)の後、かつステップ(c)の前に、前記第1の温度が前記第1の冷媒の前記臨界温度以上である場合に、少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器において、補助冷媒に対する間接熱交換により前記冷却された第1の冷媒をさらに冷却して、第2の温度のさらに冷却された第1の冷媒を生成することであって、前記第2の温度が、前記第1の冷媒の前記臨界温度未満である、生成することと、
(e)ステップ(b)の後、かつステップ(c)の前に、前記第1の温度が前記第1の冷媒の前記臨界温度未満である場合に、前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器をバイパスすることと、を含む、方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器が、エコノマイザを備え、前記補助冷媒が、前記第1の冷媒を備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記補助冷媒が、前記炭化水素供給ストリームの少なくとも一部分である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器が、閉ループ蒸気圧縮システムの一部である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記補助冷媒が、ハイドロフルオロカーボンまたはプロパンである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- (f)ステップ(c)の後、少なくとも1つの液化熱交換器において、第2の冷媒ストリームに対する間接熱交換により前記冷却された炭化水素供給ストリームをさらに冷却し、液化して、液化された炭化水素供給ストリームを生成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路において冷却される少なくとも1つの流体ストリームが、前記第2の冷媒ストリームを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の冷媒が、エタン、二酸化炭素、またはエチレンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)が、
(a)複数の圧縮段において前記第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - ステップ(c)が、前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器から下流に位置付けられた複数の蒸発段において、少なくとも1つの流体ストリームを冷却することをさらに含み、前記ステップ(c)(i)〜(c)(iii)が、前記複数の蒸発段の各々において行われる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 炭化水素供給ストリームを冷却するための装置であって、
第1の冷媒を圧縮するように動作的に構成された少なくとも1つの圧縮段と、
前記少なくとも1つの圧縮段と下流で流体流連通する少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器であって、前記少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器が、周囲流体に対する間接熱交換によって、前記第1の冷媒を第1の温度まで冷却するように動作的に構成される、少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器と、
前記少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器と下流で流体流連通する少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器であって、前記第1の冷媒を、前記第1の冷媒の前記臨界温度未満である第2の温度までさらに冷却するように動作的に構成される、少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器と、
前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器から下流に流体流連通して位置付けられた少なくとも1つの冷却回路であって、前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々が、少なくとも1つの蒸発段を有し、前記蒸発段の各々が、蒸発器と上流で流体流連通する膨張弁を備え、前記蒸発器が、前記第1の冷媒に対する間接熱交換により流体ストリームを冷却し、蒸発された第1の冷媒ストリームおよび冷却された流体ストリームを作り出すように動作的に構成され、前記蒸発段の各々が、前記少なくとも1つの圧縮段のうちの1つと流体流連通する蒸発された第1の冷媒回路をさらに備える、冷却回路と、
コントローラ、少なくとも1つの温度センサ、複数の弁、ならびに前記少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器および前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路と流体流連通する少なくとも1つのバイパス回路を備えるバイパスシステムであって、(1)前記第1の温度が前記第1の冷媒の前記臨界温度以上であるときに、前記少なくとも1つのバイパス回路を通る前記第1の冷媒の流れを阻止し、かつ前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器を通る前記第1の冷媒の流れを可能にするように、および(2)前記第1の温度が前記第1の冷媒の前記臨界温度未満であるときに、前記少なくとも1つのバイパス回路を通る前記第1の冷媒の流れを可能にし、かつ前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器を通る前記第1の冷媒の流れを阻止するように、動作的に構成されたバイパスシステムと、を備え、
前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路のうちの少なくとも1つの前記流体ストリームが、前記炭化水素供給ストリームを含む、装置。 - 前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器が、エコノマイザを備える、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つの補助熱交換器が、閉ループ蒸気圧縮システムの一部である、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 第1の冷媒に対する間接熱交換により炭化水素供給ストリームを冷却して、冷却された炭化水素供給ストリームを生成する方法であって、前記第1の冷媒が臨界温度を有し、前記方法が、
(a)少なくとも1つの圧縮段において、前記第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(b)少なくとも1つの周囲熱交換器において、周囲流体に対する間接熱交換により前記圧縮された第1の冷媒を冷却して、前記第1の冷媒の前記臨界温度以上である第1の温度の、冷却された第1の冷媒を生成することと、
(c)前記周囲熱交換器から下流に流体連通して位置付けられた少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々において、流体ストリームを冷却することであって、前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々が、少なくとも1つの蒸発段を有し、各蒸発段において、
(i)前記第1の冷媒を減圧するステップ、
(ii)蒸発器において、前記減圧された第1の冷媒に対する間接熱交換に
より前記流体ストリームを冷却し、前記減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分
の蒸発をもたらすステップ、および
(iii)前記蒸発されて減圧された第1の冷媒の少なくとも一部分を前記
少なくとも1つの圧縮段のうちの1つの中へ流すステップの各々が行われる、冷却
することと、を含み、
前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路の各々の前記少なくとも1つの蒸発段が、前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路の上流端に位置付けられた第1の蒸発段を備え、ステップ(c)(i)が、各第1の蒸発段において、
(c)(i)等エントロピー膨張装置を使用して前記第1の冷媒の第1の部分を減圧して、0.2以上かつ0.6以下の蒸気留分を有する第1の減圧された第1の冷媒を生成するステップを含み、
前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路において冷却される少なくとも1つの流体ストリームが、前記炭化水素供給ストリームを含む、方法。 - (d)ステップ(c)の後、少なくとも1つの液化熱交換器において、第2の冷媒ストリームに対する間接熱交換により前記冷却された炭化水素供給ストリームをさらに冷却し、液化して、液化された炭化水素供給ストリームを生成することをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの冷却回路において冷却される少なくとも1つの流体ストリームが、前記第2の冷媒ストリームを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の冷媒が、エタン、二酸化炭素、またはエチレンである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)が、
(a)複数の圧縮段において前記第1の冷媒を圧縮して、圧縮された第1の冷媒を生成することをさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
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