JP6568633B1 - Farmland improvement method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a highly versatile farmland improvement method that can improve the soil environment of farmland on a large scale at low cost. [Solution] Agricultural land improvement method is to mix soil improvement material containing woody crude fiber produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the process of blasting woody material into the farmland where nitrous oxide is generated, It is characterized by reducing dinitrogen monoxide. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for improving agricultural land by using woody crude fibers produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the course of a blasting treatment of woody materials made of wood waste or the like.

  Conventionally, it has been known that the soil environment of farmland can be deteriorated by large-scale use of nitrogen fertilizer or continuous cropping of similar crops.

Specifically, for example, the nitrogen component contained in nitrogen fertilizer can be changed into dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O), which is a kind of greenhouse gas, and released from the applied soil into the air. It is a problem as a cause of global warming. In addition, plant crops accumulate in the soil (allelopathic phenomenon) and cause continuous cropping failures when trying to crop similar crops continuously.

As countermeasures against these problems, for example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that microorganisms that grow by converting dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O) into harmless nitrogen gas (N ₂ ) are detected and separated from paddy soil. cultured, the use, while suppressing the loss of fertilizer nitrogen into agricultural land, techniques capable of reducing greenhouse gas (N 2 _O) is disclosed. Further, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique that can adsorb a plant-derived harmful substance (allelopathic substance) accumulated in soil by spraying a dispersion of activated carbon on the soil and control continuous cropping disorders. Yes.

Japanese Patent No. 3998653

Identification and isolation of active N2O reducers in rice paddy soil, Ishii et al., The ISME Journal, 2011, 5, p1936-1945.

  However, the technique of Non-Patent Document 1 requires a process of collecting, culturing, and growing microorganisms, and has a problem that such microorganisms cannot be produced in large quantities at low cost. In addition, it is necessary to confirm in advance whether the soil in which microorganisms are to be used is an environment in which the microorganisms can grow healthy. This is not applicable to all soils, and there is a problem that versatility is poor.

  Further, the technique of Patent Document 1 has the following problems. That is, activated carbon exhibits acidity when fired at a low temperature and alkalinity when fired at a high temperature, and the pH can change depending on the temperature and humidity during the production process. Then, since the crops produced on farmland generally grow from slightly acidic to neutral, it is necessary to confirm the pH state of the soil to be dispersed and the pH of the activated carbon in advance. Moreover, when the soil to be spread and activated carbon are both acidic, it is necessary to adjust the pH of the soil with an alkaline neutralizing agent, and when both the soil to be sprayed and activated carbon are alkaline, the pH of the soil must be adjusted. Furthermore, harmful substances in the soil are only physically adsorbed on the surface of the porous activated carbon, and after the activated carbon, which is an organic material, is decomposed in the soil, the harmful substances are released into the soil again. There is a risk of accumulation.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a highly versatile farmland improvement method that can improve the soil environment of farmland on a large scale at low cost.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the farmland improvement method according to the first aspect of the present invention is a soil improvement material containing woody crude fibers produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the process of blasting woody material , It is characterized by suppressing the generation of dinitrogen monoxide in farmland by mixing with the farmland where nitrogen components are accumulated by using nitrogen fertilizer .

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, by mixing the soil improvement material containing woody coarse fibers mixed with the fulvic acid or humic acid into the farmland, the water permeability of the farmland is improved and stored in the farmland. It is characterized by promoting chelation of a nitrogen component by fulvic acid or humic acid.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the invention, the soil improvement material containing woody crude fibers mixed with the fulvic acid or humic acid is mixed with the farmland, thereby improving the water permeability of the farmland, and the fulvic acid or humic acid. It is characterized by suppressing excessive accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and / or heavy metals, which are harmful substances accumulated in farmland, by the chelating effect of acid in the farmland.

In the farmland improvement method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the allelopathic substance produced by the plant has accumulated soil improvement material containing woody crude fiber produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the process of blasting the woody material . By mixing with agricultural land, the salt balance in the agricultural land is adjusted and the accumulation of allelopathic substances produced by the plant in the agricultural land is suppressed, thereby preventing the continuous cropping failure of the plant .

5th of this invention WHEREIN: When mixing the soil improvement material containing the rough wood fiber mixed with the said fulvic acid or humic acid in any one of 1st- 4th invention to a farmland, a fulvic acid or humic acid It is characterized by adding at least one selected from the group consisting of bark compost not mixed with acid, vermiculite, cocopyrt, pearlite, sewage compost, converter slag and electric furnace slag.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the soil improvement material containing woody coarse fibers mixed with the fulvic acid or humic acid is mulched with respect to farmland. .

A seventh aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the soil-improving material containing the coarse wood fiber mixed with the fulvic acid or humic acid is filled in a hole formed by aeration with respect to the farmland This promotes the development of the plant root system and promotes the growth of the plant.

The eighth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that fulvic acid or humic acid is additionally sprayed on the farmland after a certain period of time has passed since the farmland improvement according to any one of the first to seventh inventions.

In a ninth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to eighth aspects, the fulvic acid or humic acid is at least one undegraded member selected from the group consisting of wood, grass, vegetable waste and litter. It is characterized by using fulvic acid or humic acid produced by immersing an appropriate amount of organic matter in wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar, which is an extremely acidic organic acid produced during the production of charcoal, and curing for a long time. .

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to ninth aspects, the wooden material is a softwood, a broad-leaved tree, or a herb to be converted into a tree, or a timber containing a deciduous or root system thereof as a raw material. It is characterized by doing.

In an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to tenth inventions, the farmland is house cultivation, open field cultivation, fruit tree cultivation, paddy rice, field cultivation, facility horticulture, plant factory, slash-and-burn, hydroponics, It is a farmland used for at least one kind of seaweed cultivation and algae tidal flat.

Since the present invention has the above configuration, the following effects are obtained. That is, by mixing the soil improvement material containing wood crude fiber produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the process of the explosion treatment of the wood material made of wood waste, etc. into the farmland in need of improvement, The water permeability of farmland can be improved. Thus, the improved water permeability enables the chelating effect of fulvic acid or humic acid to be uniformly expressed in the soil. If it does so, the nitrogen component contained in farmland will become a state of nitrogen ion by the effect, and it will become easy to be absorbed by a plant. Thus, the nitrogen component can be prevented from being released into the air as dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O) gas. Moreover, the chelating effect of fulvic acid or humic acid can adjust the salt balance in the farmland and suppress the accumulation of allelopathic substances produced by the plant in the farmland. Thus, continuous cropping failures can be suppressed.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing process of the soil improvement material in one Embodiment of this invention. It is a SEM image of the fiber defibrated by the pressure cooker device. It is a SEM image of the fiber which carried out the defibration process with the continuous explosion apparatus. It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the process of the farmland improvement method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or its application.

<Soil improvement material>
The soil improvement material in the present embodiment includes woody coarse fibers mixed with fulvic acid or humic acid. Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of a soil improvement material is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the manufacturing process of the soil improvement material in the present embodiment includes a chip forming step S1 in which wood is obtained as a raw material by cutting wood into chips, and the wood material is crushed by pulverizing the wood material. And obtaining a blasting process step S2.

  The wood used in the chip making process S1 includes conifers, broad-leaved trees, herbs to be converted into trees, or deciduous branches or roots thereof, for example, thinned wood and forest land residue, construction industry, wood / wood products manufacturing industry generated in forestry Wood waste such as furniture manufacturing, pulp manufacturing, imported wood wholesale and renting of wood, industrial waste such as sawdust, and other general waste such as pruned branches of plants is there. The tree species is not limited, but examples include zelkova, cedar, taro, oak, hinoki and red pine. The bark content in the wood is preferably less than 80% by volume. This is because in the blasting treatment step S2, when the bark content is 80% by volume or more, compression cannot be performed during the blasting treatment step S2.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the moisture content of a wood is more than 30 mass% of dry bases. When the moisture content of wood is 30% by mass or less on a dry basis, there is a problem that steam explosion does not occur in the explosion treatment step S2. However, even when the moisture content of the wood is 30% by mass or less on a dry basis, it is possible to perform a blasting treatment by adding water together with the wood.

  In the chip forming step S1, the wood is cut into chip-shaped pieces using, for example, a wood chipper to obtain a wooden material. The size of the wood material is preferably a maximum diameter of 100 mm or less, more preferably a maximum diameter of 2 mm or more and 70 mm or less, and particularly preferably a maximum diameter of 5 mm or more and 40 mm or less from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the explosion process in the explosion process step S2.

  In the blasting treatment step S2, the wood material is put into a continuous blasting device such as a twin screw extruder disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-239729, a batch type pressure cooker device, etc. Apply.

  In continuous blasting equipment, when wood material is put into the inlet of the blasting equipment, the wood material is sandwiched between rotating screws and crushed and crushed, and sent to the high compression section through the compression section. Is fully compressed. In the present embodiment, fulvic acid or humic acid is added in the explosion treatment step S2.

  When using a batch-type pressure cooker as a steaming blasting device, put wooden materials and fulvic acid or humic acid into the pressure cooker, under steam of 180 ° C to 250 ° C and under a force of 1 MPa to 2 MPa. The woody crude fiber of this embodiment can be obtained by performing the steaming / explosion treatment for 5 to 10 minutes.

The fulvic acid or humic acid added in the blasting treatment step S2 is, for example,
(A) At least one undecomposed organic substance selected from the group of wood, grass, vegetable waste and litter is converted into a wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar that is a very acidic organic acid produced in the process of charcoal production. Appropriate amount soaked, for example, produced by curing for 600 hours or longer,
(I) Extracted from humus and
(C) At least one fulvic acid or humic acid selected from the group of those extracted from sedimentary soil at the bottom of the water area. These fulvic acids or humic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In addition, about (a) fulvic acid or humic acid, it manufactures with the following manufacturing methods, for example.
(1) Naturally-derived wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar is produced from undecomposed organic matter such as wood, bamboo, grass, and residue in the process of charcoal production.
(2) The ratio of the vinegar to the organic matter is, for example, a volume ratio, and the ratio of the wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar to 0.5 or more relative to the undecomposed organic matter of wood, grass, vegetable waste, or litter can do.
(3) It takes 5 hours or more for the vinegar to soak into the organic matter, and the humus content is 5% or more. For example, the vinegar is immersed in the vinegar for 600 hours or more.

  In the explosion treatment step S2, fulvic acid or humic acid is added in a state diluted with water. At this time, fulvic acid or humic acid is added so that it is preferably diluted 100 times or more, more preferably diluted 300 times or more, particularly preferably diluted 500 times or more with respect to the amount of water added.

  Fulvic acid or humic acid has a chemical pH buffering capacity. Thereby, since the pH of the rough wood fiber containing fulvic acid or humic acid is stabilized in the weakly acidic region, it is not necessary to mix the pH adjuster and adjust the pH of the soil improving material. In addition, the aggregation effect of fulvic acid or humic acid can promote aggregation in the long term and increase water permeability. Then, the function of the woody coarse fiber as the soil improvement material can be dramatically improved.

  The compressed wood material is expelled from water vapor containing fulvic acid or humic acid by being discharged from the discharge port, and is crushed to obtain a crude wood fiber mixed with fulvic acid or humic acid. .

  In addition, the surface of the coarse wood fiber when the explosion treatment is performed by the batch type pressure cooker apparatus is shown in an electron microscope (SEM) image of FIG. 2A. Moreover, the surface of the coarse wood fiber when the explosion treatment is performed by the continuous explosion device is shown in the SEM image of FIG. 2B. Compared to FIG. 2A, in FIG. 2B, the surface of the wood coarse fiber is finely crushed so as to be fluffy in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the wood coarse fiber. Thereby, when wooden coarse fiber is mixed in soil, the water permeability of soil improves. In addition, a slit is formed in a direction perpendicular to the length direction of the coarse wood fiber, and moisture containing fulvic acid or humic acid is taken into the fiber by capillary action, thereby improving the water retention effect of the coarse wood fiber. As described above, it is preferable to use a continuous blasting device from the viewpoint of mass production by continuous blasting, no heating, and improvement of water permeability and water retention performance of the coarse wood fiber.

  The woody crude fiber mixed with fulvic acid or humic acid obtained as described above can be used as a soil improvement material as it is, for example. Moreover, various soil improvement materials can be obtained by, for example, drying the woody raw fiber mixed with fulvic acid or humic acid or adding an additive.

<Agricultural land improvement method>
The farmland improvement method according to the present embodiment is a farmland improvement method using woody coarse fibers and fulvic acid or humic acid. In addition, the farmland which is the target of the farmland improvement method according to the present embodiment includes, for example, house cultivation, open field cultivation, fruit tree cultivation, paddy rice, field cultivation, facility horticulture, plant factory, slash-and-burn, hydroponics, seaweed cultivation, and seaweed tidal flats. A farmland used for at least one species.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic explanatory diagram illustrating the steps of the farmland improvement technique according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 3, G is the farmland surface, 1 is soil improvement material, 2 is fulvic acid or humic acid, 3 is an additive (bark compost, vermiculite, cocopyt, perlite, sewage compost, converter slag, electric furnace slag), 41 Is a tractor and 42 is a watering machine.

As shown in FIG. 3, first, a tractor 41 digs up a farmland in which dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O) may be generated, and the soil improvement material 1 is mixed and embedded in the farmland. Then, the soil improvement material 1 is mixed in the desired range of farmland.

As described above, the soil improvement material 1 includes woody crude fibers produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the course of the explosion treatment of the woody material made of wood waste or the like. Then, since the soil improvement material 1 contains wooden coarse fiber by mixing the soil improvement material 1 in the farmland, the water permeability of the farmland can be improved. Moreover, since the soil improvement material 1 contains fulvic acid or humic acid, the effect of chelating nitrogen components and salts in the soil of fulvic acid or humic acid is promoted in farmland with improved water permeability. Then, the nitrogen component stored in the farmland is easily ionized by the nitrogen ionization by the chelating effect of fulvic acid or humic acid. Thus, the nitrogen component in the farmland can be suppressed from being released into the air as dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O) gas.

In particular, even in a highly viscous farmland, when the water permeability is improved by the coarse wood fiber, fulvic acid or humic acid is evenly dispersed, so that it is difficult to be released as dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O) gas. I can expect that. Moreover, in sandy farmland with high water permeability, the effect of fulvic acid or humic acid can be continuously expressed by the rough wood fiber, and it is difficult to release as dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O) gas. I can expect that.

  Further, in farmland where a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used, nitrate nitrogen, heavy metals, etc. accumulate in the soil, which can damage the surrounding environment. Even in such farmland, by mixing the soil improving material 1 into the farmland, as described above, the water permeability of the farmland is improved, and nitrate nitrogen and / or heavy metals are chelated by the chelating effect of fulvic acid or humic acid. Therefore, excessive accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and / or heavy metals in the farmland can be suppressed.

  Furthermore, by mixing the soil improving material 1 into the farmland, as described above, the water permeability of the farmland is improved, and the effect of chelating salts of fulvic acid or humic acid in the soil is promoted. Thus, it is possible to adjust the salt balance in the soil, and it is expected that the allelopathic substances produced by some plants such as mugwort are promptly discharged and suppressed from accumulating in the soil. . Thus, the soil environment of the farmland can be improved and continuous cropping failures can be suppressed.

  In addition, it is desirable to mix the soil improvement material 1 in the soil of farmland so that the wood crude fiber containing a fulvic acid or humic acid may be mixed in the farmland in the ratio of 1-30 volume% per unit volume. Thus, the physical and chemical properties of farmland can be effectively improved.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, when the soil improvement material 1 is mixed in the farmland, fulvic acid or humic acid 2, which is not mixed in the woody coarse fiber, and additive 3 are added before and after the mixing or simultaneously with the mixing. And may be mixed in the farmland. The additive 3 is at least one selected from the group consisting of bark compost, vermiculite, coco pate, pearlite, sewage compost, converter slag, and electric furnace slag. The additive 3 does not contain fulvic acid or humic acid.

In addition, by using the soil improvement material 1 as a mulching material, it becomes a structure which is not easily scattered by a wind and rain because the fiber disentangled unevenly becomes intertwined. By performing such mulching, there is an effect that nitrous oxide (N ₂ O) gas is not scattered in the atmosphere. Moreover, it becomes possible to suppress evaporation of surface water and maintain water retention, and germination and growth of a crop are promoted.

  Moreover, you may fill with the soil improvement material 1 in the hole vacated by the aeration with respect to the farmland. By filling the soil-improving material 1 into the holes opened by aeration, the development of the root system of plants such as fruit trees is promoted, and the growth of the plants is promoted.

  Further, after mixing the soil improving material 1 with the farmland or after mixing for a certain period of time, such as several days to several months, fulvic acid or humic acid 2 is used to increase the continuity of the farmland environment improvement effect. May be additionally sprayed, for example, by a water heater. As the fulvic acid or humic acid 2, those obtained by the same method as the fulvic acid or humic acid mixed with the crude wood fiber can be used.

  Next, specific examples will be described.

[Procedures for soil improvement materials]
The soil improvement material was manufactured according to the following procedure. That is, the cedar wood was made into a 5-70 mm wood chip using a chipper.

Then, this wood chip and 100 L to 500 times diluted aqueous solution of fulvic acid 10 L / m ³ were mixed and charged into the charging port of the twin screw extruder and crushed.

  Soil-improving materials were obtained by drying woody coarse fibers after blasting.

[Effect confirmation test 1]
The volume in the Land, disaster Technology Ltd. Matsue test site (Shimane), soil EC (electric conductivity) 6DS / m, with respect to soil soil permeability ¹⁰ -5 cm / S, the soil improving material prepared in the manner described above 5% in terms of conversion was mixed. As a result of observation, the hydraulic conductivity of the soil was improved to 10 ⁻³ cm / S after one week due to artificial rain in the test site, and improved to soil EC 0.7 dS / m.

From this test result, dinitrogen monoxide can be obtained by mixing a crude wood fiber that has been specially defibrated by mixing fulvic acid with a medium that may generate dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O). It was suggested that (N ₂ O) gas is hardly generated. This is due to the improved water permeability and the chelating effect of fulvic acid, so that nitrogen components in the soil are in a state of nitrogen ions that are easily absorbed by plants, and the generation of dinitrogen monoxide (N ₂ O) gas is suppressed. It is thought that there is.

[Effect confirmation test 2]
At the National Land Disaster Prevention Technology Co., Ltd. Matsue Proving Ground (Shimane Prefecture), the method described above is applied to a vegetation base in which 50% Kanuma soil: 50% bark compost is mixed in a medium tray of 40 cm in length × 30 cm in width × 10 cm in depth. After mixing 5% of the soil improvement material produced in the above in terms of volume, Komatsuna was sown, and cultivation and harvesting were carried out three times in succession.

  As a result, no variation was observed in the growth of Komatsuna, and as a result, the plant's individual height decreased as the nitrogen fertilizer content in the medium decreased due to absorption by the plant. From this test result, it was suggested that in the vegetation base mixed with the soil improvement material produced by the above-mentioned method, continuous cropping failure due to cultivation of the same plant tends to hardly occur.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, a highly versatile farmland improvement method capable of improving the soil environment of farmland on a large scale at a low cost can be provided, which is extremely useful.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Soil improvement material 2 Fulvic acid or humic acid 3 Additive 41 Tractor 42 Jolo S1 Chipping process S2 Blasting process

Claims (11)

By mixing soil-improving materials containing crude wood fibers, which are produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the process of blasting wooden materials, into the farmland where nitrogen components are accumulated by using nitrogen fertilizer, A farmland improvement method characterized by suppressing the generation of dinitrogen monoxide.   Mixing soil-improving materials containing coarse woody fibers mixed with fulvic acid or humic acid into farmland to improve water permeability of farmland and chelating nitrogen components stored in farmland with fulvic acid or humic acid The farmland improvement method according to claim 1, wherein the farmland is promoted.   By mixing soil improvement materials containing woody crude fibers mixed with the fulvic acid or humic acid into the farmland, the water permeability of the farmland is improved, and the nitrate nitrogen and / or heavy metal of the chelates of fulvic acid or humic acid is improved. The farmland improvement method according to claim 2, wherein excessive accumulation in the farmland is suppressed. By mixing soil-improving materials containing crude wood fibers, which are produced by adding fulvic acid or humic acid in the process of blasting wooden materials, into the agricultural land where allelopathic substances produced by plants are mixed, the salt balance in the agricultural land is improved. A farmland improvement technique characterized by suppressing accumulation of allelopathic substances produced and prepared by plants in farmland, thereby inhibiting continuous cropping failure of the plant . Bark compost, vermiculite, coco pate, pearlite, sewage compost, converter slag not mixed with fulvic acid or humic acid when mixing soil improvement materials containing woody crude fiber mixed with fulvic acid or humic acid into farmland And at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the group of electric furnace slag is added, The farmland improvement method of any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The farmland improvement method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the soil improvement material containing woody coarse fibers mixed with the fulvic acid or humic acid is mulched with respect to the farmland. By filling the soil-improving material containing the woody fiber mixed with the fulvic acid or humic acid into the holes vacated by aeration with respect to the farmland, the development of the root system of the plant is promoted, and the growth of the plant is promoted. The farmland improvement method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the farmland improvement method is characterized. A farmland improvement method characterized by additionally spraying fulvic acid or humic acid on the farmland after a certain period of time has elapsed since the farmland improvement by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 . Wood vinegar which is a very acidic organic acid produced in the process of charcoal production of at least one undecomposed organic substance selected from the group of wood, grass, vegetable waste and litter as the fulvic acid or humic acid Alternatively, the farmland improvement method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein fulvic acid or humic acid produced by immersing an appropriate amount in bamboo vinegar and curing for a long period of time is used. The farmland improvement according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the wooden material is a softwood, a broad-leaved tree, a herb to be converted into a tree, or a timber containing deciduous branches or roots thereof. Technique. The farmland is a farmland used for at least one of house cultivation, open field cultivation, fruit tree cultivation, paddy rice, field cultivation, facility horticulture, plant factory, slash-and-burn cultivation, hydroponics cultivation, seaweed cultivation and seaweed tidal flat. The farmland improvement method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 .