KR101686704B1 - Growth reinforced functional vegetation base materials and method for preparing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material comprising 20 to 40 wt% peat moss, 10 to 20 wt% perlite, 40 to 50 wt% of a woody raw material, and 20 to 30 wt% do.
Therefore, vegetation can be established and grown continuously in a short time without additional structure at slope slope for mountain and road opening. When the seeds are seeded on the plant-grown functional vegetable base material, the seed germination rate is also increased and the planting ability can be increased, so that continuous plant growth is possible without adding any additional organic and inorganic raw materials.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetable-based vegetable base material and a method for preparing the same,

The present invention relates to a vegetation-based material which improves soil quality and promotes sustainable plant growth in a cut-off site for mountain and road opening, and a manufacturing method thereof.

The slope of the slope for the mountain / road opening accelerates the erosion due to the exposure of the slope due to the degeneration of the vegetation and causes a lot of problems by discharging a large amount of the slope. Artificial facilities are used to prevent the leakage and erosion of the soil, but attempts have been made to prevent the loss of the soil by planting and recording the plants. In particular, sowing of plants on slopes is widely used in that slope erosion can be prevented in a relatively simple manner.

However, there are many cases where the vegetation can not proceed properly due to the environmental disadvantage of slope slope for the establishment of mountain area and road, and especially, it is important for vegetation base material to grow continuously by increasing seed growth after vegetation to be.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2010-0045280 and Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0748602 disclose a slope slope or a vegetation mat for coastal aging. In order to prevent erosion of cut slopes and drainage of soil, plants are seeded on a slope by using a netting or a mat, so that it is difficult to apply slopes at various angles, It is necessary to prepare a mat for vegetation, so that the additional cost is consumed. Therefore, the vegetation-based asphalt which can sustain the vegetation on the slope of the mountainous and rocky areas without the structure supporting the seed of the plant, Still needed.

The present invention relates to a vegetation-based material which improves the soil for planting and improves sustainable plant growth on a slope of a cut-off slope for the opening of mountains and roads which is environmentally unfavorable and which is difficult to continuously grow vegetation for a long period of time, And the like.

The present invention provides a functional vegetation based material comprising 20 to 40 wt.% Peat moss, 10 to 20 wt.% Perlite, 40 to 50 wt.% Of a woody raw material and 20 to 30 wt.% Of a growth enhancer .

The functional vegetation-based material may also contain 30 wt% peat moss, 10 wt% of perlite, 40 wt% of wood-based raw material, and 30 wt% of growth enhancer.

The above-mentioned wood-based raw material is preferably a chip-type chip-shaped wood which is subjected to aging for 5 to 10 minutes at a steam rate of 20 to 25 kgf / cm 2, an oak wood, an oak wood, an oak wood, an oak wood, a quercus mongolica, May be any one or more selected from the group.

The growth enhancer may also include woody raw materials, inorganic salts and nutrients.

The inorganic salt may be ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ), potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ) And And potassium chloride (KCl).

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a wood-based raw material, Adding an inorganic salt to the woody raw material and preparing a growth enhancing agent by a pressure immersion treatment; And a method of producing a mixture based on a mixture of peat moss, perlite, the above-mentioned wood-based raw material and the growth enhancer, and drying the mixture.

In addition, the step of crushing the woody material may be carried out by selecting one or more trees selected from the group consisting of oak, white oak, oak, oak, quail, oak, oak, And pulverized with a steam of 20 to 25 kgf / cm 2 for 5 to 10 minutes, and then pulverized into a size of 20 to 60 mesh.

After the woody raw material is pulverized and pulverized, an organic solvent may be added and post-treated at 100 to 200 rpm for 3 to 24 hours.

Wherein the organic solvent for the woody raw material may be ethanol or an aqueous solution thereof.

In addition, the step of preparing the growth enhancer may include submerging the woody raw material: inorganic salt at a weight ratio of 1: 5 to 10: 50 at 20 to 25 DEG C for 48 to 72 hours.

Herein, it is also possible to add the nutrient to the woody material at a weight ratio of 1: 5: 10 to 50:

According to the vegetation-reinforcing vegetation-based material according to the present invention, the vegetation can be quickly established and continuously grown without any additional structure on the slope of the cut-off slope for opening the mountain road. When the seeds are seeded on the plant-grown functional vegetable base material, the seed germination rate is also increased and the planting ability can be increased, so that continuous plant growth is possible without adding any additional organic and inorganic raw materials.

Fig. 1 is an image of cottonwood and oak, which are ligneous raw materials used in the present invention.
2 is an image after pretreatment of the woody raw material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is an image after grinding of the woody raw material according to the embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a graph showing the gas chromatography of the pretreated woody material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a graph showing a calibration curve of the pretreated woody material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an image showing the leaf growth of a sample seed grown in a pretreated woody raw material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
7 is an image of a pretreated oak timber raw material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is an image after depressurized submersion of woody material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is an image showing constituent elements of a vegetation-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the germination percentage of Chinese cabbage seeds using the wood-treated raw material according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing germination rate of oak timber raw materials according to post-treatment conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing length growth of oak timber raw materials according to post-treatment conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing leaf growth results of woody raw materials according to post-treatment conditions of oak in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
14 is a graph showing the germination rate according to the concentration and time of the growth enhancer according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing growth and length-dependent growth of a growth enhancer according to a temporal example of the present invention. FIG.
16 is a graph showing leaf growth according to concentration and time of the growth enhancer according to a temporal example of the present invention.
17 is a graph showing the slow-acting characteristics of the growth enhancer according to the embodiment of the present invention with time.
18 is a graph showing the germination rate of the Chinese cabbage seeds of the growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is an image of a Chinese cabbage seed after 7 days of growth-enhancing functional vegetation based material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 20 is a graph showing the germination rate of sow seeds of a growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is an image of a sari seed after 7 days of growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
22 is a graph showing the germination rate of turf of a growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
23 is an image of a lawn after 7-day growth of a growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The inventor of the present invention found that when the woody raw material having improved physico-chemical properties was used in the study to enhance the vegetation movement on the slopes of the rocky mountainous area, it was confirmed that the ability of the vegetation-based ash to increase greatly, It was confirmed that the seed germination rate, stem and leaf growth greatly increased after the treatment with the solvent.

In addition, it was confirmed that the growth of vegetative growth was sustained when mixed with a vegetable base material at a certain ratio by producing a chemical strengthening agent for chemical treatment by using wood which is additionally discharged by the shredding of the forest, A vegetation-based material including reinforcement was completed.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The present invention provides a functional vegetation based material comprising 20 to 40 wt% peat moss, 10 to 20 wt% perlite, 40 to 50 wt% of a woody raw material, and 20 to 30 wt% of a growth enhancer.

The peat moss has a large amount of water holding ability and can be used as a water source for seeds. When mixed with soil, the peat moss increases the air permeability of the soil to help root growth. In addition, adding peat moss to the soil can prevent the supplied components of the vegetation from being leached, and can prevent the soil from sticking and hindering the growth of the root.

When the peat moss is out of the above range, the ability of the functional vegetation-based material to supply water is lowered and the plant's ability to act is reduced.

If the perlite is included as a porous material in the vegetation-based material, the perlite is provided to make the vegetation-based material breathable. When the peritrate is contained in an amount exceeding the above range, it is difficult to adhere the functional vegetation-based material to the slope, and a problem that a pressure-sensitive adhesive for fixing the perlite to the soil may be added.

The wood-based raw material may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of oak, white oak, oak, oak, oak, quince, oak and oak, and is steamed for 20 to 25 kgf / It can be processed into a chip form.

In the case of crushing, an effective essential oil can be extracted from the woody raw material, and the effective essential oil can supply carbohydrates, minerals, inorganic components and phenolic compounds necessary for vegetation.

When the above-mentioned crushing treatment is out of the above-mentioned conditions, the fiber of the woody raw material is not torn, pulverized, discolored, and the active ingredient required for the functional vegetation-based material can not be extracted.

 More specifically, the functional vegetation-based material may contain 30 wt% of peat moss, 10 wt% of pearlite, 30 wt% of woody raw material, and 30 wt% of a growth enhancing agent.

If the content of the growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based ash peat moss, perlite, woody raw material and growth enhancer is out of the above range, the seed germination rate is lowered, and stem and leaf growth of the plant may not be continuously increased.

The growth enhancer may include an inorganic salt in the woody raw material.

The inorganic salt may be ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ), potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ) And And potassium chloride (KCl).

In addition, the growth enhancer may include a nutrient in the woody raw material, and the nutrient may contain a natural nutrient required for plant growth, and the kind of the nutrient is not particularly limited.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a wood-based raw material, Adding an inorganic salt to the woody raw material and preparing a growth enhancing agent by a pressure immersion treatment; And a method of producing a mixture based on a mixture of peat moss, perlite, the above-mentioned wood-based raw material and the growth enhancer, and drying the mixture.

The step of crushing the wood-based raw material may be carried out by selecting any one or more trees selected from the group consisting of oak, white oak, oak, oak, quark, oak, oak and oak in a chip state And pulverized in a size of 20 to 80 mesh after it has been pulverized with steam of 20 to 25 kgf / cm2 for 5 to 10 minutes.

If the crushing treatment is out of the above conditions, the fibers of the woody raw material are not torn or pulverized.

Further, the method may further comprise post-treating the woody raw material by blowing, pulverizing, and then using an organic solvent at 100 to 200 rpm for 3 to 24 hours.

The organic solvent may be 10% ethanol. When ethanol is used, both volatile compounds and non-volatile compounds contained in the woody raw material can be extracted.

If the post-treatment step is included, the germination rate of the seed, the stem and leaf growth rate of the plant can be greatly increased, and if the post-treatment condition is out of the above range, the extraction efficiency is decreased and it is difficult to produce a large amount of vegetation- There is a problem.

In the preparation of the growth enhancer, if it is out of the above range, the effect of strengthening growth may be insufficient or the cost of chemical treatment may be increased, thereby reducing efficiency in vegetable-based remanufacturing.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

 ≪ Example 1 > Pretreatment of woody material

1. Water vapor and explosion treatment

The woody raw material used in the present invention is a chip made of Hinoki Cypress and Oak which are grown in the southern part of Korea.

Fig. 1 is an image of cottonwood and oak, which are ligneous raw materials used in the present invention.

Steam explosion treatment was applied to steam pretreatment and autoclave pretreatment. Steam explosion of Yurim High Tech, Taegu, Gyeongsangbuk - do was used.

2 is an image after pretreatment of the woody raw material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Table 1 shows the pretreatment conditions.

[Table 1]

2. Samples for analysis of growth characteristics

To analyze the physico - chemical properties of pretreated and agglomerated woody materials, pretreated wood and oak wood were milled with a Willis mill and classified by 20 mesh pass / 80 mesh on size.

3 is an image after grinding of the woody raw material according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Porosity and moisture retention were measured to analyze the physical properties of woody raw materials.

In order to measure the porosity, the ground can is pretreated and crushed and the ground sample was crushed. The lower end was covered with gauze and placed on a dish filled with water to be saturated with water. Then, Was saturated with water, the weight of the saturated sample was measured and then dried in a dryer to measure the weight of the sample. The porosity (%) was calculated by the following formula 1.

[Formula 1]

P = 100- (100 x M _dr ) / 2.65 x V _cor

Where P = porosity (%), M _dr = dry sample weight (g), 2.65 = true density (g / cc), and V _cor = core volume (cm ³ ).

Moisture holding power was measured by placing the test pieces on a buchner funnel, saturating them with water, removing the gravity water for 24 hours, measuring the weight of the sample, drying the sample at 105 ° C for 24 hours, and measuring the weight of the dried sample. The water holding capacity (%) was calculated by the following formula (2).

[Formula 2]

WHC = (M _tot -M _dr / M _tot ) x 100

Here, WHC = water retention (%), M _tot = wet sample weight (g), and M _dr = dry sample weight (g).

Carbohydrate content, mineral content, C / N ratio and mineral composition were measured for chemical characterization.

The carbohydrate content was determined by hydrolysis of 72% sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ₄ ) at 30 ° C for 60 min. Using distilled water. The hydrolyzate diluted with 4% sulfuric acid was added to the autoclave at 121 ° C For a period of time, filtered, and the filtrate was converted to alditol acetate derivatives and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). GC analysis conditions were GC (YL-6100, Young Lin Ins. Co., Ltd. Korea) equipped with DB-225 (15 mx 250 m id, 0.25 m) column, Lt; 0 > C for 1 minute, then elevated to 220 < 0 > C at 10 [deg.] C / minute and then kept for 10 minutes.

4 is a graph showing the gas chromatography of the pretreated woody material according to an embodiment of the present invention. The graph shows the chromatogram of the standard sugars.

Percentage of sugar was calculated by comparing the retention time with the standard sugar and the area ratio of each peak.

Table 2 shows the retention time of the standard sugars.

[Table 2]

2 g of the precursor sample was precisely weighed into a crucible and completely carbonized for 24 hours in an electric furnace at 600 ± 25 ° C. to measure the content of ash. The ash content (%) was calculated by the following formula 3.

[Formula 3]

Ash = ash / raw material × 100

Where Ash = mineral content (%), ash = carbonized sample (g), raw material =

The carbon / nitrogen ratio is determined by analyzing the content of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) Fisher Scientific Inc, USA) and then calculated as the ratio of the total nitrogen content to the total carbon content identified. The analysis conditions are as follows.

[Table 3]

The content of the inorganic component was determined by decomposing 1 g of the crude sample into 25 ml of a wet decomposition liquid (HNO ₃ : H ₂ SO ₄ : HClO ₄ = 10: 1: 4). (RDA, 2000). The content of the element was determined by spectrophotometer (ICP spectrometer, OPTIMA 4300 DV / 5300 DV, Perkin Elmer, USA) by diluting the filtrate with the filter paper.

 The acidity (pH) was measured using a pH meter (Orion, USA) after shaking with 50 ml of distilled water to 10 g of the sample.

To measure the content of the phenolic compound, 50 ml of acetone was added to 1 g of the crude sample, and the mixture was extracted at room temperature for 24 hours, and then filtered to be used as an analytical sample and colorimetrically determined by the Folin-Denis method. Sample Distilled water 3 ㎖ to 30 ㎕, color-developing reagent (Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent) after 3 minutes value added _{0.1 ㎖, 20% Na 2 CO} 3 0.3 ㎖ was added mixed and the absorbance is measured at 725 nm is allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes (U-3000, HITACHI). Calibration curves were prepared using gallic acid.

5 is a graph showing a calibration curve of the pretreated woody material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3. Analysis of growth characteristics

Plant growth was evaluated by using the Chinese cabbage seed ( Brassia campestris ) purchased from WORLD SEED as a breeding species.

The germination rate of the seeds was determined by adding 10 g of the protoplast sample to a petri dish of 9 ㎝ in diameter and then repeating the repetition of 25 seeds with 3 replicates. Then, 3 ml of distilled water was added every 12 hours Germinated for 5 days under dark conditions. The number of seeds germinated at intervals of one day was investigated as seeds germinated when the epidermis of the seeds burst and the rootstocks were grown at least 1 mm. The germination percentage (%) was calculated by the following equation (4).

[Formula 4]

SG = (EG / CG) x 100

Here, SG = germination percentage (%), EG = Number of germination in the test sphere, CG = number of germination in the control.

Seven samples per petri dish were taken to measure the stem growth of the sample, and the length of the stem was measured and the mean value was calculated.

FIG. 6 is an image showing the leaf growth of a sample seed grown in a pretreated woody raw material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

Example 2: Post-treatment of woody material

Figure 7 is an image of agarwooded woody raw material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As a test material, 25 kgf / cm ² , oak crushed (oak blanket) for 5 minutes was used.

Distilled water, distilled water and 10% ethanol were mixed at a ratio of 1:20 in volume ratio. The mixture was shaken at 100 rpm, 30 ℃ and 60 ℃ for 3, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Treated and then subjected to vacuum filtration to obtain post-treated oak raw materials, respectively. The germination rate, length growth and leaf size were measured for plant growth after drying for 24 hours at 60 ℃.

Table 4 shows post-treatment conditions of woody raw materials.

[Table 4]

Example 3 Production of growth enhancer

The post-treated oak wood material prepared in Example 2 above was prepared for the preparation of the growth enhancer.

As an inorganic salt to be added, ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ), potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ) And Three kinds of potassium chloride (KCl) were prepared.

Two plant nutrients NPGC (Yurim High Tech) and Hifeel (Korea Biochemical Co., Ltd.) were purchased and used without further treatment.

(NH ₄ NO ₃ ), potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ), and potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ) at different concentrations of 1, 3 and 5% And Potassium chloride (KCl) solution and 1% concentration of NPGC and Hifeel solution were prepared and subjected to vacuum dipping treatment at a ratio of 1:10 (w / v) to woody raw material for 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively.

Figure 8 is an image after depressurized submersion of woody material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<Example 4> Functional vegetation-based remanufacturing for growth enhancement

Peat moss, perlite and post-treated oak timber were used as the vegetation base material and the growth enhancer prepared in Example 3 was used for the production of the functional vegetation base material.

Growth enhancer was prepared by immersing 1% ammonium nitrate and 1% Hifeel for 72 hours respectively.

9 is an image showing constituent elements of a vegetation-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Table 5 shows the mixing ratio of the growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Table 5]

<Experimental Example 1> Preprocessed Properties of woody raw materials

1. Comparison of Physical Characteristics

Porosity is an index to assess the permeability and permeability of vegetable-based raw materials. Generally, the porosity of vegetation-based materials for plant growth is greater than 60%. In addition, the porosity of vegetable-based raw materials affects the supply of other essential elements such as water retention, insulation, persistent retention of inorganic nutrients, buffering of harmful elements, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).

Table 6 shows the porosity for the steam pretreated and crushed woodwax and oak wood raw materials.

The porosity of oak was 82 ~ 90%, similar to that of vegetation - based material, and the porosity of white - wood was 68 ~ 76% lower than that of oak. Both porosity and oak showed higher porosity as the pretreatment time of steam increased. Porosity of crushed woody materials showed higher porosity than that of untreated and steam pretreated woody materials.

[Table 6]

Water retention plays an important role in terms of early germination of plants and growth of vegetation. Moisture retention is an important factor in vegetation-based materials for early establishment of vegetation and maintenance of sustainable growth in unfavorable growth environment such as rock slope.

Table 7 shows water retention capacity of untreated wood and oak treated by steam pretreatment and aging according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The water vapor pretreated waxy woods showed no significant difference in moisture retention when compared to control water. The water holding capacity of the oak pretreated for 10 minutes and 20 minutes was significantly higher than that of the pretreated oak treated for 10 minutes. In particular, the water retention of crushed wood and oak crushed was 42.9% and 56.2%, respectively, and it was significant for pretreated and steam pretreated raw materials.

[Table 7]

Water retention power of wood species after steaming and steam explosion pretreatment.

2. Comparison of chemical properties

Carbohydrates are indicators of organic matter content, have a direct effect on the growth of plants, and also affect the physical properties of the soil.

Table 8 shows the carbohydrate content of woody raw materials by pretreatment.

The carbohydrate contents in the crushed white and oak trees were the highest at 36.8% and 41.1%, respectively. These carbohydrates can not be directly absorbed by plants. However, as a carbon source, it is used as an energy source for microorganisms. Since microorganisms decompose carbohydrates, they are converted into water-soluble forms of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and as a result, they are used as energy sources of plants. The carbohydrate content of the pretreatment, steam pretreatment and crushing raw materials showed higher carbohydrate content than oak wood than oak wood, which was confirmed by the characteristics of hardwood species.

[Table 8]

Table 9 shows the mineral contents of untreated wood and oak treated by steam pretreatment and aging.

The mineral contents of crushed wood and oak were 1.08% and 1.12%, respectively. The contents of inorganic and organic minerals in the pretreated wood and oak , Respectively. These minerals are dissolved in the soil and help to replenish the mineral nutrients of the plant.

[Table 9]

Ash contents of wood pretreatment and agglomerated woody materials were compared with those of pretreated wood and steamed wood explosion pretreatment and steam explosion pretreatment.

One of the important factors related to the decomposition of organic matter in microorganisms is the carbon / nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio), and the organic matter with a high carbon content is characterized in that the decomposition rate is much slower than the organic matter having a small carbonitride.

Table 10 shows the carbonitriding rates of the steam pretreatment and the crushed wood and oak treated.

The carbonitriding rates of untreated wood and oak were 711.0 and 425.1, respectively, which were the highest when compared with the carbohydrate content of untreated wood and oak treated by steam pretreatment and aging. On the other hand, the carbonitriding rates of the steam pretreated and the crushed woodwort and oak were lowered, and the carbonitriding rates of the crushed wood and oak were 240.0 and 240.8, respectively. Therefore, it is more suitable to utilize untreated white or oak trees treated with water vapor pretreatment or crushing than untreated white or oak trees for active plant growth and greening through rapid decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms.

[Table 10]

Table 11 shows the content of inorganic components in the steam pretreatment and crushed woodwort or oak.

The contents of Ca, Mg, Na and K were increased due to pretreatment of water vapor and disintegration process. The contents of potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc , Iron, manganese, phosphorus, etc.) Were pretreated with water vapor and crushed, respectively. Especially, it was found that the oak that was destroyed was beneficial to plant growth by supporting the photosynthesis of plant caused by potassium and the protein synthesis from amino acid, because nitrogen and phosphoric acid and potassium content affecting plant growth were high.

The arsenic (As) content of recovered oak wood or oak in all pretreatment conditions was as low as 1.8 mg / kg to 23.0 mg / kg, which is less than half the total toxicity standard value of 50 mg / kg, (Cd, <5 mg / kg), lead (Pb, <150 mg / kg), chromium (Cr, <300 mg / kg) and copper I did. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of untreated wood or oak treated with water vapor pretreatment and agglomeration would not cause plant growth toxicity and soil contamination due to heavy metal harmful components.

[Table 11]

The pH value of vegetation-based ash influences nutrient uptake and is one of the chemical properties that affect crop growth. The optimum pH for general crop growth is 5.5 to 6.5, and high or low pH values reduce plant growth.

Table 12 shows the acidity of water-vapor pretreated and agar-treated cottonwood or oak.

The pH values of pretreatment at 10, 20 and 30 minutes for untreated wood showed no significant difference, whereas the values of pH for untreated and untreated woodwort (pH 3.8) were significant. In the oak, the pH of the untreated water was close to neutral at pH 5.8, but it was lower than that of the untreated water in the oak treated by steam pretreatment and aging. Therefore, it is appropriate to adjust the pH by blending the crushed wood and oak with crushed wood and oak in a proper ratio with the existing vegetation based material rather than using it alone as the vegetation based material.

[Table 12]

And concentrations of phenolic compounds have the disadvantage of inhibiting the growth of plants, but they have the advantage of germinating the seeds of the plants and antagonizing the auxins, especially those involved in the kidneys of the stems.

Table 13 shows the content of phenolic compounds by the steam pretreatment and crushing treatment on the white wood and the oak condition.

The content of phenolic compounds in oak trees ranged from 2.3 to 29.8 mg / g and in the case of elite trees ranged from 2.9 to 22.6 mg / g, similar to oak. The contents of phenolic compounds by pretreatment conditions were higher than those of untreated and steamed plants in the treatment of both oak and white wood, and it was considered to be advantageous for regulating plant growth as a vegetable - based raw material.

[Table 13]

In pretreatment of woody raw materials, crushing treatment was more effective than vegetable pretreatment in terms of porosity, water retention, mineral and phenolic compound contents, and it was valid for vegetation - based remanufacturing. , And the carbohydrate content was the highest in the crushed oak (41.1%) than the crushed wood.

The content of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) contained in the wood and the oak wood was greatly increased by the steam and the crushing treatment.

3. Analysis of growth characteristics of woody raw materials

FIG. 10 is a graph showing the germination percentage of Chinese cabbage seeds using the wood-treated raw material according to the embodiment of the present invention.

(Peat moss, perlite and corrugated paper waste 3: 1: 6 (w / w)) mixed with water vapor pretreated and crushed oak or white wood and control (control 1 is peatmoss and perlite, / w)), the germination rate of steam pretreated oak was the highest for 20 minutes, and the germination rate of oak and oak wood was lower. It is considered that the phenolic compound of the crushed oak and white wood affected the plant growth.

The germination rate of the samples treated with steam or explosion was lower than that of the control, but it was confirmed that the post - treatment process was necessary because of the high physico - chemical properties.

&Lt; Experimental Example 2 > Properties of post-treated woody raw material

The plant growth was evaluated with post-treated woody raw material.

As a control, peat moss, perlite, 25 kgf / cm ² and 5 minutes of crushed oak were mixed at a ratio of 3: 1: 6 (w / w / w) (3: 1: 6 (w / w / w)), respectively.

Plant growth was evaluated using Brassica campestris purchased from WorlD SEED Co., Ltd.

The germination rate of the seeds was determined by adding 10 g of post-treated oak mixed material to a 9 cm diameter Petri dish, seeding 25 lips on the seeds, and adding 3 ml of distilled water every 12 hours so as not to lack moisture, The seeds were germinated in a plant growth chamber for 8 hours under light conditions and for 16 hours under light conditions. The seeds germinated at 1-day intervals with germinated seeds with epidermis of seeds and rootstocks of 1 mm or more grown. The germination percentage (%) was calculated according to Equation 4 and all samples were repeated 3 times.

In order to measure stem growth, three samples per petri dish were taken and the length of stem was measured and the mean value was calculated. To measure leaf growth, three samples per petri dish were collected and the leaf size was calculated by multiplying the length and length of the leaves.

11 is a graph showing the germination rate of the woody oak wood material according to post-treatment conditions.

The germination was started on the 4th day of distilled water and ethanol extraction, and the germination rate did not become higher after the first germination day in 60 ℃ and 3 hours of distilled water treatment. The germination rate at 60 ℃ and 10% ethanol treatment (64%) was highest for 3 hours and the germination rate (58%) at 60 ℃ and 12 hours treatment was higher in distilled water treatment. Therefore, it was confirmed that the optimum conditions of plant germination were 10% ethanol treatment at 60 ℃ for 3 hours.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing length growth of oak woody raw materials according to post-treatment conditions. FIG.

The ethanol extracts (3.0 to 3.6 cm) showed longer growth than the distilled water treatments (2.1 to 3.3 cm) and the 10% ethanol extract (3.6 cm) at 60 ° C for 3 hours in the oak woody raw material ethanol extraction conditions. The length growth was the highest.

13 is a graph showing the results of leaf growth according to post-treatment conditions of oak timber raw materials.

As shown in the figure, the leaf growth was not affected by the distilled water and ethanol treatment as a whole in the range of 0.6 to 0.8 cm ² , but leaf growth was high in distilled water and ethanol at 60 ° C for 3 hours.

After the treatment of oak woody materials for the abovementioned woody raw materials to be used in the vegetable base material, the post-treatment after 10 hours of treatment with 10% ethanol at 60 ° C for 3 hours has the highest germination rate, stem growth and leaf growth Respectively.

&Lt; Experimental Example 3 > Properties of growth enhancer

1. Pressure Deposition Condition

To measure the pH value, 1 g of the immersed raw material was added to 10 ml of distilled water, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature while being stirred with a glass plate. The pH value was measured using a pH meter (Orion, USA).

Table 14 1%, 3%, 5% ammonium nitrate having a concentration of (NH ₄ NO _3), potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄₎ And The pH of raw materials obtained after 24, 48 and 72 hours immersion treatment in potassium chloride (KCl) solution and 1% concentration of NPGC and Hifeel solution, respectively. The pH affects not only the nutrient absorption of crops but also the availability of various elements, and the optimum pH for plant cultivation is 5.5 to 6.5. As the concentration of the immersion solution increased, the pH decreased and the pH increased as the immersion time increased.

It was confirmed that inorganic salts and nutrients were effectively penetrated into the woody raw material through the pressure immersion.

[Table 14]

2. Seed germination rate

Was by using a Chinese cabbage seeds (Brassica campestris) was purchased from ㈜WORLD SEED as disclosed Species comparing plant growth, germination of seeds has a diameter of 9 cm Petri dish (petri dish) immersed into the processed material by 10 g over the 25 to 3 ml of distilled water was added every 12 hours to germinate for 7 days in a plant growth chamber at 20 ° C for 8 hours under light conditions and for 16 hours under light conditions, The number of seeds germinated at 1-day intervals was investigated as the seeds germinated when the epidermis of the seeds broke and the root of the root was grown 1 mm or more. The germination percentage (%) was calculated by the formula 4 and all the samples were repeated 3 times.

Seven samples per petri dish were taken to measure the stem growth of the sample, and the length of the stem was measured and the mean value was calculated.

14 is a graph showing the germination rate according to the concentration and time of the growth enhancer according to the embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the drawing, ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ), potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ), potassium nitrate And The germination rate of Chinese cabbage seeds after 24, 48 and 72 hours immersion treatment in potassium chloride (KCl) solution and 1% concentration of NPGC and Hifeel solution were 48 and 72 hours, respectively, And the effect of In particular, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate And All of the potassium chloride solutions were found to be most effective for germination when treated with 1% concentration. In addition, the germination rate of 1% Hifeel immersion material was found to be 97.8% for 72 hours, indicating the highest germination rate. As the immersion concentration increased, the germination rate was inhibited.

3. Stem and leaf growth

Referring to FIG. 6, in order to measure the degree of leaf growth of the sample, 7 samples per petri dish were collected and the leaf size (cm ² ) was calculated by multiplying the length and the length of the leaf.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing the growth of the growth enhancer according to the concentration and the time according to the temporal example of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate And Length growth of the Chinese cabbage seeds after the immersion treatment for 24, 48 and 72 hours in the potassium chloride solution and the 1% concentration of NPGC, Hifeel solution were 1% of ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate And The results were similar to those of potassium chloride in the range of 1.1 to 1.2 cm and it was found that the longer the chemical treatment concentration, the longer the growth of the Chinese cabbage seeds.

16 is a graph showing leaf growth according to concentration and time of the growth enhancer according to a temporal example of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate And Growth of the leaves of the Chinese cabbage seeds after the immersion treatment in the potassium chloride solution and 1% concentration of NPGC, Hifeel solution for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively, was compared with that of ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) , Potassium phosphate (K ₂ HPO ₄ ) And Growth of length by KCl solution was 0.4 ~ 0.5 cm and growth of 3% and 5%, respectively, were inhibited as the concentration of immersion increased.

4. Slowness

To confirm the slowing effect of the growth enhancer, 1.5 g of the growth enhancer was placed in a flask containing 1,000 ml of distilled water and then placed at room temperature. 1 ml of the supernatant was collected at intervals of 24 hours, and used as a sample for the slow-release assay. 1 ml of distilled water was added again after the sample was collected. The contents of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were measured by a spectrophotometer (ICP spectrometer, OPTIMA 4300DV / 5300DV, Perkin Elmer, USA) And the content thereof was measured.

Tables 15 and 16 are tables showing conditions of use of the spectrophotometer and the element analyzer.

[Table 15]

[Table 16]

17 is a graph showing the slow-acting characteristics of the growth enhancer according to the embodiment of the present invention with time.

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are very important nutrients for plant growth and are prepared by immersing in 1% ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) and 1% When the growth enhancing agent was confirmed, the slowing effect of nitrogen and potassium up to 192 hours was confirmed. In the 1% ammonium nitrate and 1% Hifeel 72 hour immersion raw materials, nitrogen was 15.1 mg · L ^-1 · day ^-1 and 15.6 mg · L ^-1 · day ^{- 1} , and potassium was released at levels of 4.7 mg · L ^-1 · day ^-1 and 5.2 mg · L ^-1 · day ^-1 , respectively . It was confirmed that the samples treated with the two solutions exhibited a steady decline in the nitrogen and potassium contents.

(15.1 mg · L ^-1 · day ^-1 and 15.6 mg · L ^-1 · day ^-1 ) and the potassium component (4.7 mg · L ^{- 1} ) in all treatments to which inorganic salts were added, ¹ · day ^-1 and 5.2 mg · L ^-1 · day ^-1 ) showed a certain rate of slowing effect, confirming the slow-release effect of the growth enhancer. In the case of 1% ammonium nitrate for 72 hours, % Hifeel for 72 hours under reduced pressure.

<Experimental Example 4> Properties of the produced growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material

1. Comparison of physical and chemical properties

The pH, porosity and moisture retention of the prepared growth - enhancing functional vegetation - based material were measured.

Table 17 shows the pH, porosity and water retention of the growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Table 17]

Wherein ¹⁾ peat moss + peorayiteu + aftertreatment oak wood raw material, ²⁾ peat moss + peorayiteu + aftertreatment oak wood material + NH ₄ NO ₃ a growth enhancing agent (hereinafter referred to as 'PPPSN' immersed), ³⁾ Peat Moss + peorayiteu treatment after + Oak (PPPSH ') which is immersed in woody raw material + Hifeel, and ^{4) a} method of separation by Duncan's multiple test at P ≤0.05.

It was confirmed that the growth - enhanced functional vegetation based material immersed under different conditions had better physical and chemical properties than the control.

2. Growth Characteristics of Functional Vegetable Base

Brassica campestris , Lespedeza bicolor , and Zoysia spp were used in all three species. Chinese cabbage seeds were supplied by WORLD SEED, sari seeds and grass seeds by Korea Farm.

18 is a graph showing the germination rate of the Chinese cabbage seeds of the growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to the embodiment of the present invention. P

The germination rate of PPPSN and PPPSH was higher than that of control at the mixing ratio of 3: 1: 3: 3.

FIG. 19 is an image of a Chinese cabbage seed after 7 days of growth-enhancing functional vegetation based material according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

It was confirmed that the germination rate was high in the experimental group including the growth enhancer immersed with ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) and the growth enhancer immersed with Hifeel.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing the germination rate of sow seeds of a growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, the germination rate of sary seeds was 7 days, PPPSN The highest germination rate was 16% at the ratio of 3: 1: 3: 3, and it was confirmed that the growth-enhancing functional vegetation base material containing the growth enhancer immersed in ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) .

FIG. 21 is an image of a sari seed after 7 days of growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

After checking the drawings, PPPSN 3: 1: 3: 3 blend ratio.

22 is a graph showing the germination rate of turf of a growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention. PPPSN 3: 1: 3: 3 mixture showed the highest germination rate at 48% and PPPSH The germination rate was also 44% at the mixing ratio of 3: 1: 3: 3.

23 is an image of a lawn after 7-day growth of a growth-enhancing functional vegetation-based material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Table 18 shows the result of measuring the stem growth length of vegetation-based functional vegetation-based ash by mixing ratio.

[Table 18]

Wherein ^{1) (1: 1, w} / w) peat moss: peorayiteu (1: 1, w / w ), 2) peat moss: peorayiteu after treatment oak wood material (3: 1: 6, w / w / w), ³⁾ peat moss: peorayiteu after treatment oak wood material: NH ₄ NO a growth enhancing agent immersing the _{3 (3: 1: 3:} 3, w / w / w / w), 4) peat moss: peorayiteu after treatment oak wood material : Growth enhancer (3: 1: 3: 3, w / w / w / w) immersed in Hifeel.

 PPPSN showed the highest value of 3: 1: 3: 3 mixture of Chinese cabbage and grass seeds.

Optimum mixing ratio of the stem to increase the growth in length of the plants is peat moss: peorayiteu after treatment oak wood material: the NH ₄ NO ₃ a growth enhancing agent immersing the 3: 1: 3: 3 was found to be.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the peatmoss, perlite, woody raw material and growth enhancing agent are mixed at an optimum ratio to improve the soil for planting in a cutting area for mountain and road opening, A vegetation-based material for sustainable growth can be manufactured.

While the invention has been described with reference to a limited number of embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the true scope of the present invention should be determined by the technical idea of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

delete delete delete delete delete Crushing oak;
After crushing the crushed oak, adding an aqueous ethanol solution and post-treating at 60 DEG C and 100 rpm for 3 hours;
Adding ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) to the post-treated oak at a weight ratio of 1:10, and then dipping the mixture at 20 to 25 ° C for 72 hours to prepare a growth enhancing agent; And
Peat moss, perlite, the post-treated oak, and the growth enhancer in a weight ratio of 3: 1: 3: 3 to prepare a mixture and drying,
Wherein the step of crushing the oak is performed by grinding the oak into a chip state and pulverizing the crushed oak with a steam of 25 kgf / cm 2 for 5 minutes and then pulverizing the crushed to a size of 20 to 80 mesh. Functional vegetation - based remanufacturing method. delete

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