JP6557034B2 - Power supply - Google Patents

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JP6557034B2
JP6557034B2 JP2015059293A JP2015059293A JP6557034B2 JP 6557034 B2 JP6557034 B2 JP 6557034B2 JP 2015059293 A JP2015059293 A JP 2015059293A JP 2015059293 A JP2015059293 A JP 2015059293A JP 6557034 B2 JP6557034 B2 JP 6557034B2
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battery
voltage
power supply
discharge
batteries
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JP2016178849A (en
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小泉　孝
孝 小泉
秀明 吉岡
秀明 吉岡
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Enersys Delaware LLC II
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Description

この発明は、動作特性が異なる２種のバックアップ用のバッテリを組み合わせて使用する新規の電源装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a novel power supply apparatus that uses a combination of two types of backup batteries having different operating characteristics.

太陽電池を利用する独立電源装置は、充放電可能なバックアップ用のバッテリを組み合わせ、太陽電池の発電能力の変動に備える必要がある。   An independent power supply using a solar cell needs to be combined with a chargeable / dischargeable backup battery to prepare for fluctuations in the power generation capacity of the solar cell.

従来の独立電源装置用のバッテリは、負荷と並列にして太陽電池に接続し、太陽電池による充電を採用するのが一般的である。なお、太陽電池の発電電力を定電流に制御するとともに、負荷電力の変動に合わせてバッテリの充電電圧、充電電流を適切に制御することにより、全体として一層安定な運転特性を実現することができる（たとえば特許文献１）。   A battery for a conventional independent power supply device is generally connected to a solar cell in parallel with a load, and charging by the solar cell is generally employed. In addition, while controlling the generated power of the solar cell to a constant current and appropriately controlling the charging voltage and charging current of the battery in accordance with the fluctuation of the load power, it is possible to realize further stable operation characteristics as a whole. (For example, patent document 1).

特開２００６−５９７９号公報JP 2006-5979 A

かかる従来技術によるときは、複雑高度な制御システムを要する上、バッテリは、たとえば鉛蓄電池またはリチウムイオン二次電池のいずれか一種のみであるため、鉛蓄電池の場合は、サイクル寿命が短く、耐久性に乏しい反面、リチウムイオン二次電池の場合は、コスト的な制約により必要十分な容量を設備し難いことがあるという問題があった。   According to such conventional technology, a complicated and sophisticated control system is required, and the battery is only one type of, for example, a lead storage battery or a lithium ion secondary battery. Therefore, in the case of a lead storage battery, the cycle life is short and the durability is high. On the other hand, in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, there is a problem that it may be difficult to provide a necessary and sufficient capacity due to cost restrictions.

そこで、この発明の目的は、かかる従来技術の問題に鑑み、２種のバッテリを適切に組み合わせることによって、簡単な回路構成でありながら、それぞれのバッテリの特性を有効に利用することができる電源装置を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply apparatus that can effectively use the characteristics of each battery while having a simple circuit configuration by appropriately combining two types of batteries in view of the problems of the related art. Is to provide.

かかる目的を達成するためのこの発明の構成は、充電器と、それぞれ逆流防止用のダイオードのみを介して負荷に給電する第１、第２のバッテリとを備えてなり、第１のバッテリは、第２のバッテリより、満充電時の放電電圧を高くするとともに放電終止電圧を低くし、充電器の出力は、電圧調整用のダイオードを介して第１のバッテリに接続するとともに、別の複数の電圧調整用のダイオードを介して第２のバッテリに接続し、充電器は、第１、第２のバッテリを充電するとともに負荷にも給電することをその要旨とする。   In order to achieve this object, the configuration of the present invention includes a charger and first and second batteries that supply power to the load only through a backflow prevention diode, The discharge voltage at the time of full charge is made higher and the discharge end voltage is made lower than the second battery, and the output of the charger is connected to the first battery via a voltage adjusting diode, The gist is that the charger is connected to the second battery via a voltage adjusting diode, and the charger charges the first and second batteries and also supplies power to the load.

なお、第１のバッテリは、８０〜９０％放電時の放電電圧を第２のバッテリの満充電時の放電電圧相当にすることができる。   In addition, the 1st battery can make discharge voltage at the time of 80 to 90% discharge equivalent to the discharge voltage at the time of a full charge of a 2nd battery.

また、第１のバッテリは、第２のバッテリより容量を小さくしてもよく、第２のバッテリよりサイクル寿命を長くしてもよい。   The first battery may have a smaller capacity than the second battery, and may have a longer cycle life than the second battery.

さらに、第１、第２のバッテリは、それぞれリチウムイオン二次電池、鉛蓄電池としてもよい。   Further, the first and second batteries may be a lithium ion secondary battery and a lead storage battery, respectively.

かかる発明の構成によるときは、第１のバッテリは、第２のバッテリより満充電時の放電電圧が高い。そこで、第１、第２のバッテリが双方とも満充電に近い場合は、必ず第１のバッテリにより負荷に給電することができる。一方、第１のバッテリの放電が進行して第１のバッテリの放電電圧が第２のバッテリの端子電圧を下回ると、第２のバッテリからの放電が自動的に開始され、第２のバッテリにより負荷の給電を継続することができる。すなわち、充電器のバックアップとして作動する第１、第２のバッテリに優先順位を設け、第１のバッテリを優先的に使用して第２のバッテリを予備的に使用することができるため、たとえば第１のバッテリとして小容量のサイクル寿命が長いタイプを選定し、第２のバッテリとして大容量のサイクル寿命が短いタイプを選定すれば、全体コストを抑えて両者の特性を有効に利用することができる上、何ら格別な制御システムを構築する必要もない。   According to this configuration, the first battery has a higher discharge voltage when fully charged than the second battery. Therefore, when both the first and second batteries are nearly fully charged, the first battery can always supply power to the load. On the other hand, when the discharge of the first battery proceeds and the discharge voltage of the first battery falls below the terminal voltage of the second battery, the discharge from the second battery is automatically started, and the second battery The power supply of the load can be continued. That is, since priority can be given to the first and second batteries that operate as a backup for the charger, the first battery can be used preferentially and the second battery can be used preliminarily. If a battery with a small capacity and a long cycle life is selected as the first battery, and a type with a large capacity and a short cycle life is selected as the second battery, the characteristics of both can be effectively utilized while suppressing the overall cost. Moreover, there is no need to construct any special control system.

なお、この発明は、たとえば太陽電池に充電器を接続することにより、常時は第１のバッテリのみが充放電して負荷の給電を継続し、長期に亘る太陽電池の発電不調などの際には、第２のバッテリにより負荷に給電する高性能な独立電源装置を構成することができる。太陽電池以外の他の発電装置に充電器を接続する場合も、同様である。一方、充電器を商用電源に接続することにより、商用電源の停電に備える他、負荷電力の過大な増加要求を第１、第２のバッテリの放電でカバーし、商用電源需要のピークカット機能を実現することができる。   In the present invention, for example, by connecting a charger to a solar cell, only the first battery is charged and discharged at all times and power feeding of the load is continued. A high-performance independent power supply device that supplies power to the load by the second battery can be configured. The same applies to the case where the charger is connected to another power generation device other than the solar battery. On the other hand, by connecting the charger to the commercial power supply, in addition to preparing for a power failure of the commercial power supply, an excessive increase in load power is covered by the discharge of the first and second batteries, and the peak cut function of the commercial power demand is provided. Can be realized.

第１のバッテリの８０〜９０％放電時の放電電圧が第２のバッテリの満充電時の放電電圧相当であれば、第１のバッテリの容量のほぼ全部が放電したことにより第２のバッテリの放電を自動的に開始させ、第１のバッテリの放電深度を大きくして利用効率を向上させることができる。   If the discharge voltage at the time of 80% to 90% discharge of the first battery is equivalent to the discharge voltage at the time of full charge of the second battery, almost all of the capacity of the first battery is discharged, so that the second battery It is possible to automatically start the discharge and increase the discharge depth of the first battery to improve the utilization efficiency.

第２のバッテリより容量が小さい第１のバッテリは、全体コストを抑えることができる。低コストの第２のバッテリの容量を大きくし、高コストの第１のバッテリの容量を小さくすることができるからである。   The first battery having a smaller capacity than the second battery can reduce the overall cost. This is because the capacity of the low-cost second battery can be increased and the capacity of the high-cost first battery can be reduced.

第１のバッテリのサイクル寿命を長くすることにより、第１のバッテリの早期劣化を有効に阻止することができる。第１のバッテリは、第２のバッテリより優先順位が高く、必然的にサイクル回数が多くなるからである。   By prolonging the cycle life of the first battery, early deterioration of the first battery can be effectively prevented. This is because the first battery has a higher priority than the second battery and inevitably increases the number of cycles.

なお、第１、第２のバッテリは、たとえばそれぞれリチウムイオン二次電池、鉛蓄電池とすることにより、所要の特性に好適に合致させることができる。   The first and second batteries can be suitably matched to the required characteristics by using, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery and a lead storage battery, respectively.

全体構成ブロック系統図Overall configuration block diagram 第１、第２のバッテリの特性データ表Characteristic data table of the first and second batteries

以下、図面を以って発明の実施の形態を説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

電源装置１０は、充電器１１と、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 とを備えてなる（図１）。   The power supply device 10 includes a charger 11 and first and second batteries B1 and B2 (FIG. 1).

充電器１１は、外部の太陽電池ＰＶに接続されている。充電器１１の出力は、ダイオードＤ1 を介して第１のバッテリＢ1 に接続するとともに、別の複数のダイオードＤ2 、Ｄ2 …を介して第２のバッテリＢ2 に分岐接続されている。また、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 には、それぞれ逆流防止用のダイオードＤ3 、Ｄ4 を介し、共通の外部の負荷Ｌが接続されている。   The charger 11 is connected to an external solar cell PV. The output of the charger 11 is connected to the first battery B1 through the diode D1, and is branched and connected to the second battery B2 through another plurality of diodes D2, D2,. A common external load L is connected to the first and second batteries B1 and B2 via backflow prevention diodes D3 and D4, respectively.

第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 は、それぞれダイオードＤ1 、Ｄ2 、Ｄ2 …を介し、充電器１１によって充電されている。ただし、ダイオードＤ1 、Ｄ2 、Ｄ2 …は、それぞれの順電圧降下により、充電器１１の出力電圧Ｖo と、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 の充電電圧相当の端子電圧Ｖ1 、Ｖ2 とを整合させる電圧調整用である。また、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 は、それぞれダイオードＤ3 、Ｄ4 を介し、出力電圧Ｖ3 として負荷Ｌに給電することができる。   The first and second batteries B1, B2 are charged by the charger 11 via diodes D1, D2, D2,. However, the diodes D1, D2, D2... Match the output voltage Vo of the charger 11 with the terminal voltages V1, V2 corresponding to the charging voltages of the first and second batteries B1, B2 due to their respective forward voltage drops. This is for adjusting the voltage. The first and second batteries B1 and B2 can supply power to the load L as the output voltage V3 via the diodes D3 and D4, respectively.

第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 の好適な組合せの一例を図２に示す。すなわち、第１のバッテリＢ1 は、東芝製のリチウムイオン二次電池ＳＣｉＢであり、第２のバッテリＢ2 は、アメリカＥｎｅｒＳｙｓ社製の鉛蓄電池ＳＢＳ Ｃ１１である。なお、図２には、２４Ｖ系の第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 の主要な特性データが併せて対比されている。図２において、放電電圧の最大値、最小値は、それぞれ満充電時の放電電圧、放電終止電圧を示し、充電電圧は、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 に印加すべき定電圧充電用の電圧値である。また、図２の第１のバッテリＢ1 は、第２のバッテリＢ2 より容量が小さく、サイクル寿命が長い。さらに、第１のバッテリＢ1 の満充電時の放電電圧３１．０Ｖ、放電終止電圧１８．０Ｖは、それぞれ第２のバッテリＢ2 の満充電時の放電電圧２５．０Ｖより高く、放電終止電圧２１．０Ｖより低い。   An example of a suitable combination of the first and second batteries B1 and B2 is shown in FIG. That is, the first battery B1 is a lithium ion secondary battery SCiB made by Toshiba, and the second battery B2 is a lead storage battery SBS C11 made by EnerSys, USA. In FIG. 2, main characteristic data of the first and second batteries B1 and B2 of the 24V system are also compared. In FIG. 2, the maximum value and the minimum value of the discharge voltage indicate the discharge voltage at full charge and the discharge end voltage, respectively. The charge voltage is for constant voltage charging to be applied to the first and second batteries B1 and B2. Is the voltage value. Further, the first battery B1 in FIG. 2 has a smaller capacity and a longer cycle life than the second battery B2. Further, the discharge voltage 31.0V and the discharge end voltage 18.0V when the first battery B1 is fully charged are higher than the discharge voltage 25.0V when the second battery B2 is fully charged, respectively, and the discharge end voltage 21. Lower than 0V.

図１において、太陽電池ＰＶの発電量が十分であるとき、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 は、それぞれ充電器１１により充電され、満充電か、それに近い状態にある。また、このとき、太陽電池ＰＶは、充電器１１を介して負荷Ｌにも給電し、負荷Ｌを正常に作動させることができる。そこで、太陽電池ＰＶの発電量が一時的に低下したり喪失したりすると、第１のバッテリＢ1 が放電して負荷Ｌの給電を継続し、太陽電池ＰＶの発電量が正常に復帰すれば、元の充電の状態に復帰して第１のバッテリＢ1 も満充電に復帰する。   In FIG. 1, when the amount of power generated by the solar cell PV is sufficient, the first and second batteries B1 and B2 are charged by the charger 11 and are fully charged or close to it. At this time, the solar cell PV can also supply power to the load L via the charger 11 and operate the load L normally. Therefore, if the power generation amount of the solar cell PV is temporarily reduced or lost, if the first battery B1 is discharged to continue feeding the load L and the power generation amount of the solar cell PV returns to normal, The original state of charge is restored and the first battery B1 is also restored to full charge.

一方、太陽電池ＰＶの発電量の低下や喪失状態が長く継続すると、第１のバッテリＢ1 の放電が進行して第１のバッテリＢ1 の端子電圧Ｖ1 が低下し、第２のバッテリＢ2 の端子電圧Ｖ2 を下回ることにより、第２のバッテリＢ2 からの放電が開始されて負荷Ｌの給電が継続される。そこで、第１のバッテリＢ1 の容量の８０〜９０％が放電したとき、第１のバッテリＢ1 の端子電圧Ｖ1 ≦Ｖ2 になるものとすると、第１のバッテリＢ1 の容量の大部分が放電したことにより第２のバッテリＢ2 からの放電を自動的に開始させることができる。すなわち、第１のバッテリＢ1 は、８０〜９０％放電時の放電電圧を第２のバッテリＢ2 の満充電時の放電電圧相当に設定することが好ましい。   On the other hand, if the power generation amount of the solar cell PV is reduced or lost for a long time, the discharge of the first battery B1 proceeds, the terminal voltage V1 of the first battery B1 decreases, and the terminal voltage of the second battery B2 decreases. When the voltage falls below V2, discharging from the second battery B2 is started, and power supply to the load L is continued. Therefore, when 80 to 90% of the capacity of the first battery B1 is discharged, assuming that the terminal voltage V1≤V2 of the first battery B1, the majority of the capacity of the first battery B1 is discharged. Thus, the discharge from the second battery B2 can be automatically started. That is, the first battery B1 preferably sets the discharge voltage at the time of 80-90% discharge to the discharge voltage at the time of full charge of the second battery B2.

以上のようにして、負荷Ｌは、太陽電池ＰＶの発電量が低下したり喪失したりしても、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 のほぼ合計容量相当分の給電を継続し、作動させることができる。また、太陽電池ＰＶの発電量が正常に復帰すると、充電器１１は、負荷Ｌに給電するとともに、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 の充電を再開する。ただし、このときの充電器１１は、その出力電流供給能力により第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 の一方または双方の充電電流を制限し、定電流充電を経て定電圧充電を実行する可能性がある。   As described above, even if the power generation amount of the solar cell PV is reduced or lost, the load L continues to supply power corresponding to almost the total capacity of the first and second batteries B1 and B2. Can be made. When the power generation amount of the solar cell PV returns to normal, the charger 11 supplies power to the load L and restarts charging of the first and second batteries B1 and B2. However, the charger 11 at this time may limit the charging current of one or both of the first and second batteries B1 and B2 depending on the output current supply capability, and may perform constant voltage charging through constant current charging. There is.

以上の説明において、充電器１１は、太陽電池ＰＶに代えて、外部の商用電源に接続してもよい。商用電源が停電すると、太陽電池ＰＶの発電量の喪失時と同様にして、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 を順次放電させて負荷Ｌの給電を継続させることができる。また、商用電源の正常時において、負荷Ｌの消費電力が過大になった場合にも、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 を順次放電させることにより、商用電源に対する需要を制限してピークカット機能を実現することができる。なお、充電器１１は、外部の燃料電池や風力発電機などに接続することも可能である。   In the above description, the charger 11 may be connected to an external commercial power supply instead of the solar battery PV. When the commercial power supply fails, the first and second batteries B1 and B2 can be discharged sequentially to continue feeding the load L in the same manner as when the amount of power generated by the solar battery PV is lost. In addition, when the power consumption of the load L becomes excessive when the commercial power supply is normal, the first and second batteries B1 and B2 are discharged sequentially to limit the demand for the commercial power supply and to cut the peak. Function can be realized. The charger 11 can be connected to an external fuel cell, a wind power generator, or the like.

また、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 は、第２のバッテリＢ2 より第１のバッテリＢ1 を優先的に放電させることができる限り、図２の組合せ以外の任意の種類のバッテリを組み合わせることができる。また、第１、第２のバッテリＢ1 、Ｂ2 は、２４Ｖ系以外の任意の電圧系を採用してもよい。   The first and second batteries B1 and B2 can be combined with any type of battery other than the combination shown in FIG. 2 as long as the first battery B1 can be discharged preferentially over the second battery B2. Can do. The first and second batteries B1 and B2 may employ any voltage system other than the 24V system.

この発明は、バッテリを充電してバックアップ動作させる独立電源装置または商用電源装置に対し、広く好適に適用することができる。   The present invention can be widely and suitably applied to an independent power supply device or a commercial power supply device that performs a backup operation by charging a battery.

ＰＶ…太陽電池
Ｂ1 …第１のバッテリ
Ｂ2 …第２のバッテリ
Ｄ3 、Ｄ4 …ダイオード
Ｌ…負荷
１０…電源装置
１１…充電器

特許出願人 アクソンデータマシン株式会社
ＥｎｅｒＳｙｓ Ｄｅｌａｗａｒｅ ＬＬＣ ＩＩ PV ... solar cell B1 ... first battery B2 ... second battery D3, D4 ... diode L ... load 10 ... power supply 11 ... charger

Patent Applicant Axon Data Machine Co., Ltd.
EnerSys Delaware LLC II

Claims (5)

充電器と、それぞれ逆流防止用のダイオードのみを介して負荷に給電する第１、第２のバッテリとを備えてなり、前記第１のバッテリは、前記第２のバッテリより、満充電時の放電電圧を高くするとともに放電終止電圧を低くし、前記充電器の出力は、電圧調整用のダイオードを介して前記第１のバッテリに接続するとともに、別の複数の電圧調整用のダイオードを介して前記第２のバッテリに接続し、前記充電器は、前記第１、第２のバッテリを充電するとともに負荷にも給電することを特徴とする電源装置。 And the charger, the first to power the load only via the respective diode for backflow prevention, and a second battery, the first battery from said second battery, fully charged during the discharge The voltage is increased and the end-of-discharge voltage is decreased, and the output of the charger is connected to the first battery via a voltage adjusting diode, and the voltage is output via a plurality of other voltage adjusting diodes. A power supply device connected to a second battery, wherein the charger charges the first and second batteries and supplies power to a load . 前記第１のバッテリは、８０〜９０％放電時の放電電圧を前記第２のバッテリの満充電時の放電電圧相当にすることを特徴とする請求項１記載の電源装置。   2. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the first battery has a discharge voltage at the time of 80% to 90% discharge equivalent to a discharge voltage at the time of full charge of the second battery. 前記第１のバッテリは、前記第２のバッテリより容量を小さくすることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２記載の電源装置。   The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first battery has a capacity smaller than that of the second battery. 前記第１のバッテリは、前記第２のバッテリよりサイクル寿命を長くすることを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか記載の電源装置。   4. The power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the first battery has a longer cycle life than the second battery. 5. 前記第１、第２のバッテリは、それぞれリチウムイオン二次電池、鉛蓄電池とすることを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求項４のいずれか記載の電源装置。   The power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second batteries are a lithium ion secondary battery and a lead storage battery, respectively.
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