JP6543762B2 - 汚染物質低減装置 - Google Patents
汚染物質低減装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6543762B2 JP6543762B2 JP2018508218A JP2018508218A JP6543762B2 JP 6543762 B2 JP6543762 B2 JP 6543762B2 JP 2018508218 A JP2018508218 A JP 2018508218A JP 2018508218 A JP2018508218 A JP 2018508218A JP 6543762 B2 JP6543762 B2 JP 6543762B2
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- seawater
- pipe
- exhaust gas
- unit
- supply pipe
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- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 317
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 305
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 215
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 149
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 63
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 62
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 34
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 10
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical group [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
- A61L9/20—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/037—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. of cyclone type, optionally combined or associated with agglomerators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2896—Liquid catalyst carrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
- B01D2221/08—Mobile separation devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2247/00—Details relating to the separation of dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D2247/04—Regenerating the washing fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/108—Halogens or halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
- B01D2252/103—Water
- B01D2252/1035—Sea water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/05—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a magnetic, e.g. electromagnetic, device other than a valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/32—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel cell
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/01—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being catalytic material in liquid form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
Description
2H2O→O2+4H++4e−
2Cl−→Cl2+2e−
また、陰電極板52bでは、次の反応が起こる。
2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−
2Na++2e−→2Na
Na+H2O→NaOH
結論的に、
Cl2+2OH−→OCl−+Cl−+H2O
Na++OCl−→NaOCl
NaOCl+H2O→HOCl
2NaOCl+2HNO3→2NaNO3+2HOCl
2NaOCl+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2HOCl
海水の電気分解によって生成された水素は、水に対する溶解度が非常に低いので(水素溶解度:0.0016g/kg)、別の気液分離器(図示せず)を介して水から容易に分離された後、燃料電池モジュール90へ供給できる。燃料電池モジュール90は、酸素と浄化ユニット50からの水素の供給を受けて電気を生成することができる。例えば、燃料電池モジュール90は、50℃〜200℃の低温で運転し、小容量の出力に適した高分子電解質型燃料電池で形成できる。高分子電解質型燃料電池は、水素イオン交換特性を有する高分子膜を電解質として使用する燃料電池であって、発電効率が高く、出力密度が大きく、負荷変化に対する応答特性が速いという長所がある。しかし、燃料電池モジュール90が高分子電解質型燃料電池で形成されることに限定されるものではなく、低温で作動する様々な燃料電池に変形できる。例えば、燃料電池モジュール90はリン酸型燃料電池で形成されてもよい。
燃料極:H2 −→2H++2e−
空気極:0.5O2+2H++2e−→H2O
全体:H2+0.5O2 −→H2O+電流+熱
洗浄水排出管41と循環管81との間には再循環タンク80が設置できる。再循環タンク80は、スクラバー40を介して排出された洗浄水の一部を貯留することができ、循環管81を介して一定量の洗浄水が循環できるように一種のバッファタンク(buffer tank)の役割を果たすことができる。
<反応式>
NO+O→NO2
NO+H2O→NO2+OH−
NO+OH−→HNO2
HNO2+OH−→NO2+H2O
NO+O3→NO2+O2
NO2+OH−→HNO3
SO2+OH−→HSO3 −
HSO3 −+OH−→H2SO4
SO2+O→SO3 2−
SO3 2−+H2O→H2SO4
一方、排気ガスは、スクラバー240の下部に満たされた洗浄水中で噴射でき、これにより、一次に窒素酸化物、硫黄酸化物、粉塵などの汚染物質が除去できる。また、スクラバー240の上部から噴射される洗浄水によって2次に汚染物質が除去できる。このような過程を経て排気ガス中の汚染物質は除去され、汚染物質の除去された排気ガスは排出管242を介して外部へ排出される。
図12は本発明の第3実施形態に係る汚染物質低減装置を概略的に示す図である。
一方、排気ガス管410を介して供給される排気ガスは、酸化ユニット440を介して1次に浄化され、スクラバー430を介して2次に浄化され得る。
10 排気ガス管
20 海水供給管
30 洗浄水供給管
40 スクラバー
50 浄化ユニット
90 燃料電池モジュール
200 汚染物質低減装置
210 排気ガス管
230 洗浄水供給管
240 スクラバー
241 洗浄水排出管
250 酸化ユニット
260 前処理ユニット
300 中和剤供給部
Claims (12)
- 燃焼機関の排気ガスを供給する排気ガス管と、
洗浄水を供給する洗浄水供給管と、
前記排気ガス管を介して供給される排気ガスに、前記洗浄水供給管を介して供給される洗浄水を噴霧するスクラバーと、
前記排気ガス管に接続され、放電、紫外線の照射または酸化剤の噴射によって前記排気ガスを酸化させる酸化ユニットと、
前記酸化ユニットの前段の前記排気ガス管に接続され、海水および清水のうちの少なくとも一つを噴射して、前記排気ガスに含まれている微細粉塵を除去する前処理ユニットと、
前記スクラバー内の洗浄水を排出する洗浄水排出管とを含んでなる、汚染物質低減装置。 - 前記排気ガス管または前記スクラバーに接続され、海水を電気分解して水素と、窒素系酸化物を酸化させる酸化剤または酸性化された洗浄水を中和させる中和剤とを生成する浄化ユニットと、
前記浄化ユニットから前記水素の供給を受けて電気を生成する燃料電池モジュールとをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の汚染物質低減装置。 - 前記燃料電池モジュールは前記浄化ユニットへ電気を供給する、請求項2に記載の汚染物質低減装置。
- 前記洗浄水供給管は外部から海水の供給を受ける海水供給管から分岐し、
前記海水供給管に設置されて海水を加圧するポンプをさらに含み、
前記燃料電池モジュールは前記ポンプに電気を供給する、請求項2に記載の汚染物質低減装置。 - 前記浄化ユニットに接続される海水流入管に設置され、海水に電解質を供給する電解質タンクをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の汚染物質低減装置。
- 前記洗浄水供給管は外部から海水の供給を受ける海水供給管から分岐し、
前記海水供給管は前記前処理ユニットに前記海水を供給し、
前記供給された海水は前記前処理ユニット内で噴射される、請求項1に記載の汚染物質低減装置。 - 前記洗浄水供給管に接続され、清水を供給する清水供給管をさらに含み、前記清水供給管は前記前処理ユニットに前記清水を供給し、供給された清水は前記前処理ユニット内で噴射される、請求項1に記載の汚染物質低減装置。
- 前記前処理ユニットを通過した海水または清水を前記洗浄水供給管へ供給する捕集管をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の汚染物質低減装置。
- 前記酸化ユニットの後段に、前記排気ガス管または洗浄水供給管に接続され、液状触媒を注入して排気ガスを酸化状態に維持させる液状触媒注入ユニットをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の汚染物質低減装置。
- 前記液状触媒は、オイルに含まれている有機硫化物を酸化させて得た有機硫黄酸化物(organic sulfoxides)である、請求項9に記載の汚染物質低減装置。
- 前記洗浄水排出管に接続され、洗浄水との比重差を利用して、洗浄水に含まれている液状触媒を分離する分離ユニットと、
前記分離ユニットと前記液状触媒注入ユニットとを連結して、前記分離ユニットから分離された液状触媒を前記液状触媒注入ユニットへ循環させる循環ラインとをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の汚染物質低減装置。 - 前記スクラバーに接続され、中和剤を供給する中和剤供給部をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の汚染物質低減装置。
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