JP6524163B2 - Elevator system - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to an elevator system.

  As the elevator, a rope-type elevator that winds up a car with a rope is the mainstream. A rope-type elevator employs a transpiration method in which a rider and a counterweight are suspended in a fishing rod shape by a main rope, and a hoisting machine winds up the main rope to raise and lower a car.

  The hoist includes a drive sheave around which the main rope is wound and a drive motor for rotating the drive sheave. During operation of the elevator, the drive sheave is rotated and the rope is wound up by the frictional force acting on the contact surface between the sheave groove and the main rope. In order to raise and lower the car safely, it is necessary to maintain a transpiration at the time of hoisting. Therefore, it is important to maintain the friction between the sheave groove and the main rope.

  When the drive sheave is continuously used, the sheave groove may be worn and / or deformed due to the frictional force at the time of winding and the tension of the main rope. If the shape change of the drive sheave progresses excessively, there is a concern that a secondary failure related to safe operation such as sliding or vibration at the time of raising and lowering the car may occur. Therefore, periodic inspection is performed at a predetermined cycle to check whether the sheave groove is worn and / or deformed, and the drive sheave is replaced if necessary.

  However, there is a concern that the shape change of the drive sheave may progress, for example, until the next periodic inspection which is carried out every several months. In addition, although an elevator equipped with a dedicated machine room in which a hoisting machine or a control panel is installed can be checked relatively easily, in the case of a machine roomless elevator without a machine room, it is in the hoistway of the car Workers must come in and check it, and the work load is heavy.

  Also, wear is on the order of several millimeters, and wear does not necessarily occur evenly in the circumferential direction. Therefore, it is difficult to measure the wear of the sheave groove in the depth direction with a sensor. Therefore, even if the sensor constantly monitors, if the degree of wear can not be measured accurately, there is a concern that it may be misjudged whether the drive sheave is in a normal state.

International Publication 2016/132484 JP, 2013-18643, A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an elevator system that makes it easy to grasp the degree of shape change of the drive sheave.

In order to solve the above problems, the elevator system according to the embodiment includes a drive sheave having a sheave groove on which a main rope on which a carriage and a counterweight are suspended is wound, and a drive for rotating the drive sheave during elevator operation And a device comprising: Further, the degree of the shape change of the sheave groove due to the line mark is determined by comparing the camera imaging the sheave groove of the drive sheave with the sheave groove imaged by the camera and the reference sheave groove stored in advance. It has a monitoring device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic which shows the whole structure of the elevator system of embodiment. It is a perspective view showing a hoist of an elevator system of an embodiment. It is a side view which shows the drive sheave of the said winding machine. It is a side view which shows the partial cross section of the sheave groove of the said drive sheave. It is a figure which shows typically the appearance of the line mark attached to the sheave groove of the said drive sheave. It is a block diagram showing a control system of an elevator system of an embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the grade of the line mark used as the judgment standard of shape change of a sheave groove.

  Hereinafter, an elevator system according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. In the respective drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals.

  FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a machine roomless elevator which does not have a dedicated machine room in which, for example, a control panel or a hoisting machine is installed. The elevator 1 is provided with, for example, a hoistway 11 which is a cubic space provided in a building. In the hoistway 11, a car 2 having an open / close door 2a on which a person gets on / off is disposed. The car 2 can move up and down in the hoistway 11 along guide rails 12a, 12b and 12c which are vertical columns erected in the hoistway 11. Furthermore, in the hoistway 11, a counterweight 3 is disposed. The counterweight 3 can move up and down in the hoistway 11 along the guide rails 12b and 12c.

  The car 2 and the counterweight 3 are suspended by the main rope 4 in the hoistway 11. The main ropes 4 are a plurality of ropes arranged in parallel. FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which the car 2 and the counterweight 3 are suspended by the 2: 1 roping method. More specifically, both ends of the main rope 4 are not connected to the car 2 and the counterweight 3 but fixed to, for example, rope hitches 13a and 13b provided respectively on the guide rail 12a and the guide rail 12b. On the other hand, a sheave 21 and a sheave 31 are provided at the bottom of the car 2 and at the top of the counterweight 3, respectively. Then, the sheaves 21, 51, 51, and 51 are arranged in the middle portion of the main rope 4 to which both ends are fixed so that the sheaves 21 of the car 2, the drive sheaves 51 of the winding machine 5, and the sheaves 31 of the counterweight 3 are arranged. By hooking 31, the car 2 and the counterweight 3 are suspended via the hoisting machine 5.

  Therefore, by hoisting or unwinding the main rope 4 by the hoisting machine 5, the car 2 and the counterweight 3 move up and down relative to each other. In this case, the load applied to the winding machine 5 is reduced compared to 1: 1 roping in which one end of the main rope 4 is connected to the car 2 and the other end is connected to the counterweight 3 and suspended in a fishing rod shape. However, the importance of maintaining the frictional force acting between the drive sheave 51 and the main rope 4 increases. However, the roping method is not limited to the 2: 1 roping method.

  In the hoistway 11, a control board 6 which is a control unit for controlling the operation of the elevator 1 is disposed. The control board 6 is connected to the car 2 via a flexible tail cord (wiring cable) 60 for power supply and communication. The hoist 5 is also connected to the control board 6 via a cable (not shown). The control board 6 includes a computer device including a CPU, which will be described later in detail, and controls, for example, the general operation of the elevator for moving the car 2 to the floor designated by the operation button.

  Furthermore, in the hoistway 11, a governor (gover) 7 and a governor rope 71, which are safety devices for detecting the lifting speed of the rider 2 and for decelerating or stopping when the rated speed is exceeded, are arranged. There is.

  The hoisting machine 5 is disposed on the upper side in the hoistway 11. The hoisting machine 5 is supported by a machine head 14 which is a support. As described above, in the machine room less elevator, since the hoisting machine 5 is disposed on the upper side in the hoistway 11, space saving can be realized as compared with the case where a machine room is provided, but the inspection work of the hoisting machine 5 Becomes difficult.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the hoist 5 decelerates or stops the rotation of the drive sheave 51 around which the main rope 4 is wound, the drive motor 52 as a drive device for rotating the drive sheave 51, and the drive sheave 51. A brake device 53 is provided. 2 is a perspective view showing the entire configuration of the winding machine 5, FIG. 3 is a side view of the drive sheave 51, and FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a sheave groove 57 of the drive sheave 51.

  As shown in FIG. 2 in particular, the hoisting machine 5 is mounted on the upper portion of the machine head 14 which is a support base, for example, a support member 54 provided on the exterior body of the drive motor 52 which is the main body of the hoisting machine 5 It is fixed to the machine head 14 by a fixing member 55 such as a bolt. The machine head 14 is formed of, for example, a metal material. Furthermore, the machine head 14 is provided with a vibration prevention device (not shown) that absorbs the vibration during winding of the main rope 4.

  The drive sheave 51 is a pulley having a horizontal rotation axis 56. Sometimes referred to as a transpiration sheave. Each rope of the main rope 4 is wound around the drive sheave 51. The load from the car 2 and the counterweight 3 is applied to the main rope 4 wound around the drive sheave 51. As an example, in the case of an elevator with a maximum loading capacity of 1000 kg, for example, the main ropes 4 consisting of four ropes are wound in parallel on the drive sheave 51. Of course, the number of ropes is not limited to four. The diameter of the drive sheave 51 is set to, for example, 200 mm or more.

  The hoisting machine 5 uses, for example, a gearless type that does not have a reduction gear. The gearless type hoist 5 has an inverter (not shown) installed between the drive motor 52 and a power source, and variably controls the rotational speed by variably adjusting the frequency of the drive power. As an example, in the case of moving the car 2 to the upper floor, when accelerating to a predetermined rotational speed, speed control is performed to maintain a constant rotational speed and to decelerate as the target floor is approached. Of course, instead of the gearless type, a geared type hoist having a reduction gear may be used.

  The brake device 53 that decelerates or stops the rotation of the drive sheave 51 uses, for example, a disc brake. Although illustration is omitted, a disc-like disk is attached to the outer periphery on the other end side of the rotating shaft 56, and the rotating shaft 56 is decelerated or stopped by holding the disk with a brake pad.

  Further, the shape of the drive sheave 51 will be described in detail. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in particular, a sheave groove 57 is formed on the entire outer circumferential surface of the drive sheave 51 in the circumferential direction. A plurality of sheave grooves 57 are formed in parallel at intervals in the direction in which the rotation shaft 56 extends. As an example, four sheave grooves are formed on which four main ropes are wound. The sheave groove 57 is an undercut groove obtained by cutting the bottom of the circular groove 57a. The diameter of the circular groove 57a in contact with the rope is set to be slightly larger than the diameter of the rope, for example, to reduce vibration. Of course, the portion in contact with the rope may be a curved surface other than a circle, or may be an inclined surface such as a V-shape. The drive sheave 51 is detachably fixed to the rotating shaft 56 by a fixing device (not shown) such as a bolt. In this case, the drive sheave 51 can be replaced by releasing the fixing from the rotating shaft 56 by releasing the fixing. The material of the drive sheave 51 is, for example, ductile cast iron (FCD; Ferrum Casting Ductile).

On the other hand, each rope of the main rope 4 is formed by helically twisting a plurality of strands 42 around the core 41. The core 41 is formed by helically twisting a plurality of strand-like wire material 43. The strands 42 are formed, for example, by twisting a plurality of strand-like wire material 44 having a diameter of 5 mm. As an example, the helical direction twisting to form the core 41 and the strands 42 and the helical direction twisting the plurality of strands 42 around the core 41 are in opposite directions. For example, natural fibers or chemically synthesized fibers are used as the strand material of the core 41. The wire material of the strand 42 is, for example, a steel material. A high strength steel material of 2000 N / mm ² or more may be used.

  When the drive sheave 51 and the main rope 4 are used for a long time, the surface (57a) of the sheave groove 57 in contact with the main rope 4 is obtained from the relationship between the relative strength of the drive sheave 51 and the material forming the main rope 4 It is known that there is a line mark. That is, as shown schematically in FIG. 5, a spiral line mark 8 of a strand 42 and a line mark 81 of each wire material 44 constituting the strand 42 are formed. The scars 8 and 81 are accumulated over time due to the repetition of winding and the size of the load. The extent of this line mark can contribute to sliding and vibration during winding. That is, since the extent of the line mark is correlated with the progress of the shape change in the sheave groove 57, the degree of the line mark 8, 81 is adopted as an index of determination, and the degree of the shape change of the drive sheave 51 is monitored.

  Specifically, first, as shown in FIG. 2, the camera 9 constituting the monitoring device is disposed on the upper surface of the machine head 14. The camera 9 mainly arranges the sheave groove 57 from the lower side where the main rope 4 is not hung since it mainly monitors the condition of the sheave groove 57 (in particular, the extent of the line mark). The camera 9 uses, as an example, a digital camera using an imaging device such as a CCD or CMOS.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a control system that constitutes the monitoring device 91. As shown in FIG. The camera 9 is connected to the control panel 6 by the communication cable 92, and can transmit image data of the captured sheave groove 57 to the control panel 6. The control panel 6 includes a computer device having a CPU 61, a ROM 62, a RAM 63, a data memory 64 and the like. The ROM 62 stores programs executed by the CPU 61 and information such as various control conditions. The CPU 61 reads out the program and various control conditions to execute control of the entire operation of the elevator 1 and to monitor the state of the sheave groove 57. The RAM 63 stores the image data of the sheave groove 57 sent from the camera 9. The data memory 64 stores image data 83 of a sheave groove as a reference for determining the degree of change in shape of the drive sheave 51, image data of a sheave groove captured in the past, and the like. The control panel 6 is connected to the monitoring center 101 via the communication network 100. The result determined by the monitoring device 91 is sent to the terminal of the monitoring center 101 via the communication network 100.

  The image data 83 of the sheave groove 57 serving as the reference of determination uses, for example, image data 83 when the drive sheave 51 actually used becomes necessary as shown schematically in FIG. It is preferable that image data of the sheave groove 57 serving as a reference is prepared not only for the image data 83 serving as a reference for determining the necessity of replacement but also for each level of shape change and stored in the data memory 64. As an example, the image data 84 of the extent of the rope scar 8,81 within the tolerance range that can be regarded as a normal condition, the rope scar 8, which is likely to be replaced after several months (for example, after 3 months) The image data 85 of the degree is stored. Such reference image data 83 to 85 are captured at a predetermined cycle of, for example, one day or one month from the time when the drive sheave 51 actually used for the elevator 1 is new to the time it is necessary to replace it. It may be decided together with the result of The number of samples of image data is preferably large. Therefore, image data captured by a plurality of elevators connected to the monitoring center 101 and the communication network 100 may be acquired, and image data 83 to 85 as a reference may be created.

  Subsequently, a monitoring procedure by the monitoring device 91 will be described. The CPU 61 configuring the monitoring device 91 controls the camera 9 so as to image the sheave groove 57 at a predetermined cycle, for example, once a day. Imaging is performed when the winding machine 5 is stopped. The image data to be acquired is a still image of the sheave groove 57. Since the interior of the hoistway 11 is dark, the flash function is used when photographing. The captured image data of the sheave groove 57 is sent to the control board 6 and stored in the RAM 63. The CPU 61 compares the degree of the line marks 8 and 81 of the captured image data with the degree of the line marks 8 and 81 of the reference image data stored in advance in the data memory 64, and can be regarded as (1) a normal state. It is determined whether (2) several months after (for example, three months later) exchange is required, or (3) exchange is necessary. The reference image data may be stored in advance in, for example, a server of the monitoring center 101, and may be downloaded by the monitoring apparatus 91.

  The comparison of the extent of the line mark 8, 81 is performed, for example, by comparing the size, the number, the ratio of the line mark, etc. of the line mark 8, 81 per unit area. It may be included in the judgment criteria whether the whole of the sheave groove 57 has the cord marks 8 or 81 or whether there is a large deviation of the cord marks 8 or 81 on one side surface.

  The CPU 61 transmits the determination result to the monitoring center 101 via the communication network 100. In the case of a need for replacement, an alarm may be accompanied. After several months, when an exchange result is output, the operator of the monitoring center 101 informs maintenance workers to create a replacement plan. On the other hand, when an alarm requiring replacement is issued, the maintenance worker is contacted to direct the site.

  According to the embodiment described above, the sheave groove 57 is imaged by the camera 9 to obtain a still image, and the state is normal, several months in comparison with the extent of the line mark 8, 81 as the reference of the shape change level. The degree of the shape change of the drive sheave 51 can be easily and accurately known by determining whether the replacement is required or the replacement is required later. As a result, stable elevator 1 maintenance can be realized.

  The image data captured by the camera 9 may be used, for example, to determine the degree of shape change due to wear of the sheave groove 57. The determination of the degree of wear is also performed by determining image data as a reference in advance and comparing it with captured image data, as in the case of the ropes 8 and 81. As an example, the change in the shape of the undercut opening portion of the sheave groove 57, whether the boundary line (for example, an edge) is formed on the surface by wearing only the portion in contact with the main rope 4, etc. Used as an indicator of judgment. Also in this case, it is preferable to use image data as a reference for normal state, replacement after a few months, and replacement after a few months. Also, the surface of the sheave groove 57 may be coated, and the degree of peeling of the coating may be used as an index. Furthermore, both of the shape change due to the line mark and the shape change due to wear may be determined.

  Furthermore, the image data captured by the camera 9 may be used to determine the degree of deterioration of the main rope 4. That is, from the state of the line mark of the sheave groove 57, the replacement time of the main rope 4 and the replacement required are determined. As an example, when the line mark 81 of the strand material 44 is used as an index of judgment and the line mark 81 in the irregular direction is attached in a direction other than the spiral direction, there is a possibility that a part of the strand material 44 is broken. judge.

  Furthermore, in the case of the camera 9, not only the still image but also the moving image of the rotating drive sheave 51 may be photographed. Since the drive sheave 51 is a rotating body, deformation of the sheave groove 57, deviation of the shaft center, etc. may occur if fluctuation is confirmed in the rotating drive sheave 51 (especially, the edge of the sheave groove 57). Determine that there is a sex.

  In the above-described embodiment, the machine room-less elevator has been exemplified, but it may be an elevator having a dedicated machine room. Further, the elevator is not limited to an elevator on which a person gets on and off, and may be, for example, an elevator for carrying a load.

  Embodiments of the present invention are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and the gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Reference Signs List 1 elevator 2nd car 3 balance weight 4 main rope 5 winding machine 51 drive sheave 57 sheave groove 6 control panel 8, 81 cord mark 9 camera

Claims (4)

A hoist comprising a drive sheave having a sheave groove around which a main rope on which a carriage and a counterweight are suspended is wound, and a drive device for rotating the drive sheave during elevator operation;
The degree of shape change of the sheave groove due to a mark is determined by comparing a camera for imaging the sheave groove of the drive sheave with a sheave groove imaged by the camera and a reference sheave groove stored in advance. An elevator system comprising: a monitoring device. The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring device determines the replacement time of the drive sheave and / or the main rope based on the determination result of the degree of the shape change of the sheave groove due to a noose. system. The monitoring device includes the feature that, based on the degree of the determination result of the change in shape of the sheave grooves by rope marks, the drive sheave and / or the main rope to output an alarm indicating that a state of a main exchange The elevator system according to claim 1.   The elevator system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the camera captures a still image of the sheave groove when the operation of the elevator is stopped.