JP6517799B2 - 重金属及び貴金属イオンの捕捉用カラム材料 - Google Patents
重金属及び貴金属イオンの捕捉用カラム材料 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 Co 2+ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000666896 Homo sapiens V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038282 V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IJJVMEJXYNJXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluquinconazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1N1C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2N=C1N1C=NC=N1 IJJVMEJXYNJXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/02—Processes using inorganic exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/36—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction
- B01D15/361—Ion-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/09—Inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/018—Granulation; Incorporation of ion-exchangers in a matrix; Mixing with inert materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
Description
本件は、参照によりその全体の内容が本開示に組み入れられる、2013年11月27日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/909669号に関して優先権を主張する。
本例は、種々の金属イオンを含む水溶液の浄化において、活性炭又は砂と混合された、名目式K2xMgxSn3-xS6(「KMS‐2」)の複合体とナトリウムアルギネートとを含むイオン交換材料の使用を示す。
K2xMgxSn3-xS6(KMS‐2)(x=0.5〜1)の合成の例
熱水合成:元素のSn(1.88モル、223.0g)、Mg(0.94モル、22.8g)、S(6.57モル、210.83g)、K2CO3(1.41モル、194.72g)、水(500mL)を1Lビーカー中で混合した。ビーカーを1ガロンParrオートクレーブ内で保持し、ゆっくりと180℃に加熱し、6時間保持した。次いで、オートクレーブを室温にて冷却した。ろ過により明るい黄色の多結晶性生成物を分離し(275g、収率約55%)、水とアセトンで数回洗浄し、減圧下で乾燥させた。電子分散型分光法(EDS)分析は、K、Mg、Sn及びSの存在を示し、平均式「K1.3Mg0.6Sn2.6S6.0」を与えた。
0.2gの量のナトリウムアルギネートを400mLの温水に溶解させ、次いでその溶液を冷却した。アルギネート溶液に10gのKMS‐2を加えた。10gのCaCl2を200mLの水に溶解させ、次いで連続的に撹拌しつつ、アルギネート‐KMS‐2に注いだ。次いで、生成物をろ過により分離し、水とアセトンで洗浄し、減圧乾燥させた。電子分散型分光法(EDS)分析は、Mg、Ca、Sn及びSの存在を示し、Mg:Ca:Sn:S=1.8:0.6:2.8:6の比を与えた。
2gのKMS‐2‐アルギネート複合体と、2gの活性炭(20〜40メッシュ)とを、乳鉢と乳棒ですりつぶし、ガラスカラムに充填した。同様に、活性炭の替わりに砂(50〜70メッシュ)を用いて別のカラムを作製した。
種々のイオンでKMS‐2の典型的なイオン交換実験を以下のように実施した:カラムに2種のベッド体積の溶液(10.8mL)を通過させ、コニカルプロピレンチューブ中の底において集めた。同様に、カラムに多くのベッド体積を通過させ、集めた。
スライドガラス上に粒状サンプルを広げることにより、40kV及び20mAにて動作する、グラファイト単色化CuKα線を用いるCPS120INEL X線粉末回折計により、粉末パターンを得た。図2は、KMS‐2及びKMS‐2アルギネート複合体の粉末X線回折パターンを示す。
1:1のKMS‐2‐アルギネート及び活性炭のイオン交換材料で作製された、固定されたベッドカラムは、Ag+イオンの並外れた除去を示した。カラムを通過させた100PPMのAg+の溶液は、溶液からの99質量%を上回るAg+イオンの除去を示した(表1)。図4は、1:1のKMS‐2‐アルギネート及び活性炭のイオン交換材料で充填されたイオン交換カラムに関する、処理されたベッド体積対Ag+イオンの除去率のプロットである。
本開示は以下も包含する。
[1]
カラムと、カラムを充填するイオン交換材料とを含むイオン交換カラムであって、
イオン交換材料が、金属カルコゲニド及びアルギネートを含む複合材料と、複合材料と混合された不活性の粒状材料とを含む、イオン交換カラム。
[2]
金属カルコゲニドの名目式が、A 2x M x Sn 3-x S 6 であり、式中、Xの値が約0.5〜約1であり、AがLi + 、Na + 、K + 、Rb + 、又はCs + であり、MがMg 2+ 、Ca 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Mn 3+ 、Zn 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、又はFe 3+ である、上記態様1に記載のイオン交換カラム。
[3]
金属カルコゲニドの名目式が、K 2x Mg x Sn 3-x S 6 である、上記態様2に記載のイオン交換カラム。
[4]
複合材料と不活性の粒状材料との比が、約1:3〜3:1である、上記態様2に記載のイオン交換カラム。
[5]
不活性の粒状材料が、活性炭、砂又はシリカ粉末を含む、上記態様4に記載のイオン交換カラム。
[6]
複合材料と不活性の粒状材料との比が、約1:3〜3:1である、上記態様1に記載のイオン交換カラム。
[7]
不活性の粒状材料が、活性炭、砂又はシリカ粉末である、上記態様1に記載のイオン交換材料。
[8]
不活性の粒状材料のメッシュサイズが、約15〜約75である、上記態様1に記載のイオン交換材料。
[9]
金属イオンを含むサンプルから金属イオンを除去する方法であって、方法が、上記態様1に記載のイオン交換カラムにサンプルを通過させることにより、金属カルコゲニドとサンプル中の金属イオンとのイオン交換を生じさせることと、カラムから出たサンプルを集めることとを含む、方法。
[10]
金属カルコゲニドの名目式がA 2x M x Sn 3-x S 6 であって、式中、xの値が約0.5〜約1であり、AがLi + 、Na + 、K + 、Rb + 、又はCs + であり、MがMg 2+ 、Ca 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Mn 3+ 、Zn 2+ 、Fe 2+ 、又はFe 3+ である、上記態様9に記載の方法。
[11]
サンプルが、原子炉、工業プラント又は採掘作業からの廃水である、上記態様9に記載の方法。
[12]
金属イオンの除去率が、少なくとも99.9質量%である、上記態様10に記載の方法。
Claims (13)
- カラムと、カラムを充填するイオン交換材料とを含むイオン交換カラムであって、
イオン交換材料が、複合材料の粒子であって、その各々が金属カルコゲニド及びアルギネートを含む複合材料の粒子と、複合材料の粒子と混合された不活性の粒状材料とを含む、イオン交換カラム。 - 金属カルコゲニドの名目式が、A2xMxSn3-xS6であり、式中、Xの値が0.5〜1であり、AがLi+、Na+、K+、Rb+、又はCs+であり、MがMg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Mn3+、Zn2+、Fe2+、又はFe3+である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換カラム。
- 金属カルコゲニドの名目式が、K2xMgxSn3-xS6である、請求項2に記載のイオン交換カラム。
- 複合材料と不活性の粒状材料との比が、1:3〜3:1である、請求項2に記載のイオン交換カラム。
- 不活性の粒状材料が、活性炭、砂又はシリカ粉末を含む、請求項4に記載のイオン交換カラム。
- 複合材料と不活性の粒状材料との比が、1:3〜3:1である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換カラム。
- 不活性の粒状材料が、活性炭、砂又はシリカ粉末である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換材料。
- 不活性の粒状材料のメッシュサイズが、15〜75である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換材料。
- 金属イオンを含むサンプルから金属イオンを除去する方法であって、方法が、請求項1に記載のイオン交換カラムにサンプルを通過させることにより、金属カルコゲニドとサンプル中の金属イオンとのイオン交換を生じさせることと、カラムから出たサンプルを集めることとを含む、方法。
- 金属カルコゲニドの名目式がA2xMxSn3-xS6であって、式中、xの値が0.5〜1であり、AがLi+、Na+、K+、Rb+、又はCs+であり、MがMg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+、Mn3+、Zn2+、Fe2+、又はFe3+である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- サンプルが、原子炉、工業プラント又は採掘作業からの廃水である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 金属イオンの除去率が、少なくとも99.9質量%である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 複合材料の粒子が、1mm超かつ7mm未満の直径を有する粒子を含む、請求項1に記載のイオン交換材料。
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US201361909669P | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | |
US61/909,669 | 2013-11-27 | ||
PCT/US2014/066882 WO2015080976A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2014-11-21 | Column material for the capture of heavy metal and precious metal ions |
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JP2017500189A JP2017500189A (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
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US (1) | US10549270B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3074128B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6517799B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2014354984B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2927398C (ja) |
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US9227186B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2016-01-05 | Northwestern University | Synthesis of layered metal sulfide ion-exchangers |
US10549270B2 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2020-02-04 | Northwestern University | Column material for the capture of heavy metal and precious metal ions |
WO2017083467A1 (en) | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | Northwestern University | Composite materials containing organic polymer-encapsulated metal organic frameworks |
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US10549270B2 (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2020-02-04 | Northwestern University | Column material for the capture of heavy metal and precious metal ions |
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