JP6496284B2 - Explosive dispersion charge method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an explosive dispersion charging method.

  Conventionally, dynamite in which explosives are packed into a cylindrical shape with paper or the like has been manually loaded, but such loading work has become a heavy labor, for example, by sequentially pushing explosives into the blasting hole using a long bar. . Therefore, in recent years, as shown in Patent Document 1, for example, a technique of using a hose or pipe and loading dynamite into a blast hole from a position away from the rock mass is known.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, a blasting hole is drilled using a construction machine such as a drill jumbo, and a tip of a loading pipe is inserted into the blasting hole, and a hose connected to the loading pipe An automatic device that loads compressed air from a loading machine provided at the base end toward the tip of the loading pipe and moves the dynamite along with the compressed air through the inside of the loading hose to reach the inside of the blasting hole. A drug method is disclosed.

JP-A-2005-326107 JP 9-126700 A

However, in the conventional method of loading explosives, a plurality of explosives are charged continuously, and the charge is charged by air pressure or charged using a loading rod, so that the explosives are in close contact with each other. It becomes. That is, the charge is concentrated in the vicinity of the hole bottom of the blast hole, and there is a problem that the charge becomes excessive in order to secure the charge length and the cost and the construction period increase.
In particular, in the case of automatic charge, it is difficult to adjust the explosive interval considering the drilling length due to rock mass strength and blasting pattern. For example, if the amount of explosive with respect to the blasting length increases, The blasting energy to the site increased, and the amount of overburden increased, resulting in an increase in cost.
On the other hand, there is also a method of performing distributed charge by placing multiple explosives at intervals in the blast hole using a spacer, but in this case, the charge work takes time and the charge time is compared with the conventional method Since it is much longer, there is room for improvement.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and can reduce the charging time when charging a blast hole such as a bedrock, thereby improving work efficiency and reducing work cost and work period. The aim is to provide a decentralized charge method for explosives.
Another object of the present invention is to disperse explosives at any position of the blasting hole, disperse the blasting energy by disposing the explosive easily, and to achieve efficient blasting. Is to provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.
The explosive dispersion charging method according to the present invention loads a plurality of explosives made of dynamite inserted into a blast hole drilled in a rock in a state spaced from each other along the hole axial direction of the blast hole. An explosive dispersion charging method comprising a plate member made of a long thin plate-like paper material and bent or bent in a width direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction , and a part of the plate member in the circumferential direction the length and the step of processing the explosive holding plate so as to form a longitudinal direction extending opening, with respect to the plate member, the opening of the plurality of explosives at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the plate member A loading explosive unit that is inserted and held from above, and after loading the loading explosive unit into a blasting hole, a step of pushing in a filling and closing the hole of the blasting hole is provided. As That.

  According to the present invention, since it has a simple structure in which a plurality of explosives are held on an explosive holding plate provided with a plate member, a loading explosive unit can be easily manufactured in a short time. The manufactured loading explosive unit can be easily pushed into the blasting hole and loaded. As described above, in the present invention, since the explosive unit for loading with the explosive held at a desired position can be charged by a simple operation such as pushing into a blast hole such as a bedrock, the charging time can be shortened. Thus, it is possible to improve the working efficiency and reduce the construction cost and the construction period.

  Further, according to the present invention, the explosive can be easily dispersed and arranged at an arbitrary position of the blasting hole, so that it is not charged intensively at the hole bottom. That is, a plurality of explosives can be adjusted and held at appropriate intervals with respect to the explosive holding plate in consideration of the rock mass strength and the drilling length. Therefore, it is possible to secure the expected blasting length with the minimum amount of explosives, and evenly distribute the blasting energy to multiple blasting holes, minimizing the impact on the mine wall. Blasting can be realized. And by suppressing the influence of the blasting energy on the pit wall, the loosening range can be reduced, the initial ground pressure can be reduced, and the stability of the face can be improved.

  Further, in the explosive dispersion charging method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the plurality of explosives are held on the plate member by being fixed to an adhesive portion provided on the plate member.

In this case, a plurality of explosives can be arranged at predetermined positions in the longitudinal direction of the plate member by a simple method such as fixing the explosive to an adhesive portion provided on the plate member. Therefore, since a space is provided between the explosives without providing a member such as a spacer, and can be easily fixed in an arbitrary position in a short time, the work related to the dispersion charge can be performed efficiently.
In addition, since it is possible to hold a plurality of explosives in the plate member via an adhesive portion, it is possible to prevent the retained explosive from changing its position with respect to the plate member and shifting or dropping out. can do.

According to the dispersion method for explosives of the present invention, it is possible to shorten the charging time when charging a blast hole such as a bedrock, and it is possible to improve work efficiency and reduce the construction cost and the construction period. .
According to the explosive dispersion charging method of the present invention, it is possible to disperse explosive energy by easily dispersing explosives at arbitrary positions in the blasting hole, and to achieve efficient blasting. There is.

It is the side view of the explosive unit for loading by embodiment of this invention, Comprising: It is the figure seen from the opening side of the accommodation recessed part. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA shown in FIG. 1 and is a vertical cross-sectional view of a portion to which dynamite is fixed in a loading explosive unit. It is a figure for demonstrating the manufacture procedure of the explosive unit for loading, Comprising: (a)-(c) is the top view seen from the top, (d) is a fragmentary perspective view. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the explosive unit for loading by a 1st modification, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the explosive unit for loading by a 2nd modification, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the explosive unit for loading by a 3rd modification, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the explosive unit for loading by a 4th modification, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the explosive unit for loading by a 5th modification, Comprising: It is a figure corresponding to FIG.

  Hereinafter, an explosive dispersion charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the explosive dispersion charging method according to the present embodiment uses a plurality of dynamite 2 (explosives) inserted into a blast hole 3 drilled in a rock, for example, in a tunnel constructed by a blasting method. It is used when loading with the blasting hole 3 spaced apart from each other along the axial direction of the hole. In this distributed charging method, an explosive holding plate 1 that accommodates a plurality of dynamites 2 in a held state is used.

  Here, as the dynamite 2 held on the explosive holding plate 1 in the present embodiment, a cylindrical parent dynamite (hereinafter abbreviated as “parent die 2A”) to which one end of the lead wire 2a is connected, In order to increase the blasting power, an increased dynamite (hereinafter abbreviated as “increased die 2B”) made of, for example, a bulk explosive is used. Then, one parent die 2A is loaded in the deepest portion 3b of the blast hole 3, and a plurality of additional dies 2B, 2B,... (Not shown) is loaded.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the explosive holding plate 1 is provided on a plate member 11 made of a long thin plate-like paper material or wood, and one surface (adhering surface 11 a) of the plate member 11, and the dynamite 2 And an adhesive 12 (adhesive portion) for fixing the adhesive. The explosive holding plate 1 is formed in a shape that can be inserted into the blast hole 3 in a state where the dynamite 2 is fixed via the adhesive 12.
Here, the longitudinal direction of the plate member 11 is referred to as the longitudinal direction X, and the plate surface direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction X is referred to as the width direction D.

  The plate member 11 is formed with two crease portions 11b and 11b parallel to the longitudinal direction X, and is bent along the crease portion 11b so as to have a substantially trapezoidal shape when viewed from the longitudinal direction X. Has been. That is, the crease portions 11b and 11b are provided at positions that divide the plate member 11 so as to be divided into approximately three equal parts in the width direction D. The plate member 11 defined by the crease portions 11b and 11b is composed of a bottom wall 11A and side walls 11B and 11B located on both sides of the bottom wall 11A, and the side walls 11B and 11B are bent in directions close to each other. On the inner corner side, an accommodation recess 11c for accommodating the dynamite 2 is formed.

  As the plate member 11, for example, a member such as cardboard, corrugated cardboard, or a thin plate-like wood board (plywood board) can be employed. In the fold portions 11b and 11b along the long direction X, weakened portions 13 such as perforations, slits, and thin portions are formed, for example.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3A, a scale 14 is displayed on the fixing surface 11 a of the plate member 11 with a predetermined interval along the longitudinal direction X of the plate member 11. The scale 14 may be printed directly on the fixing surface 11 a of the plate member 11, or may be a printed sheet or tape attached. The interval between the scales 14 may be a dimension determined like a ruler, may indicate the length dimension of the dynamite 2, or may indicate the position of the dynamite 2 in advance. .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the adhesive 12 is applied to the inner surfaces of the bottom wall 11A and the side wall 11B. The adhesive 12 is not applied over the entire surface of the one surface (fixed surface 11a) of the plate member 11, but intermittently at intervals according to the position where the dynamite 2 is disposed as in the present embodiment. (See FIGS. 3B and 3C). Or it is also possible to make it adhere to the linear form extended along the elongate direction X by the width dimension smaller than the dimension of the width direction D of each wall 11A of the plate member 11, 11B.
The adhesive 12 is not particularly limited, and any material can be used as long as it can be bonded to both the plate member 11 made of a paper material or a plate material and the dynamite 2.

The loading explosive unit 10 configured by holding a plurality of dynamites 2 on the explosive holding plate 1 configured as described above includes an accommodation recess formed by the bottom wall 11A and the side walls 11B and 11B of the plate member 11. A plurality of dynamites 2 are fixed to the plate member 11 with an interval in the longitudinal direction X via an adhesive 12 in 11c.
Here, as the length in the longitudinal direction X of the explosive holding plate 1 (plate member 11), for example, the drilling length of the blast hole 3 is 2.8 m to 3.0 m, and the charge is required in the range of 1.5 m. In this case, the length can be set to 1.5 m.

Next, the explosive dispersion charging method will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the explosive dispersion charging method includes a step of processing the explosive holding plate 1 provided with the plate member 11, and a plurality of the plate member 11 at intervals along the longitudinal direction X. A step of manufacturing the loading explosive unit 10 while holding the dynamite 2, and a step of loading the loading explosive unit 10 into the blasting hole 3, and then pushing in the filling material to close the hole of the blasting hole 3. Yes.

  Specifically, first, as shown in FIG. 3A, a plate member 11 made of a long thin sheet of paper or wood is formed, and both surfaces of the plate member 11 formed to have a desired length and width are formed. Alternatively, the weakened portion 13 that is parallel to the longitudinal direction X is formed on one surface. Note that the processing of the weakened portion 13 can be performed simultaneously with the formation of the plate member 11. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3B, the explosive holding plate 1 is processed by applying an adhesive 12 to a predetermined position of the fixing surface 11a.

  Next, as shown in FIG.3 (c), the dynamite 2 is arrange | positioned and adhere | attached with respect to the adhesive agent 12 of 11 A of bottom walls. Thereby, the several dynamite 2 is hold | maintained in the state which opened the appropriate space | interval (space S) along the elongate direction X of the plate member 11, and was fixed. As for the arrangement of the dynamite 2, the parent die 2A is arranged on the deepest part 3b side of the blast hole 3 shown in FIG. 1 in the plate member 11, and a plurality of additional dies 2B, 2B,. The

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3 (d), the pair of side walls 11 B and 11 B of the plate member 11 are bent toward the dynamite 2 side at the fold portion 11 b (weakening portion 13), and the side wall 11 B is interposed via the adhesive 12. Adhere to the side of the dynamite 2. As a result, one dynamite 2 is held on the explosive holding plate 1 in a state of being bonded to the bottom wall 11A and the three surfaces of the pair of side walls 11B and 11B, and the manufacture of the explosive unit 10 for loading is completed. Become.
Note that before the step of bonding the dynamite 2 to the adhesive 12, a step of bending the pair of side walls 11B and 11B to form a substantially trapezoidal shape in a cross-sectional view may be performed.

The aforementioned loading explosive unit 10 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D is manufactured at a construction site. For example, a flat plate in which an adhesive 12 is applied to a plate member 11 as shown in FIG. By manufacturing the shape up to, for example, a factory or the like, a large number of plate-shaped explosive holding plates 1 are transported to the construction site in a stacked state and temporarily placed in a stock yard provided at the construction site. At this time, it is preferable to cover the exposed adhesive surface of the adhesive 12 with an appropriate protection means.
When dynamite 2 is loaded into the blast hole 3 at the time of blasting, a plurality of dynamites 2 are bonded and held on the flat explosive holding plate 1 as shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d). The loaded explosive unit 10 can be manufactured.
Here, the plurality of blast holes 3 drilled in the face of the tunnel are drilled by a known drill jumbo or the like used for tunnel work.

  Subsequently, an appropriate number of loading explosive units 10 necessary for blasting are carried into the tunnel, and as shown in FIG. 1, for example, a loading pipe (not shown) or the like is inserted into the drilled blasting hole 3. Using the explosive unit 10 for loading, the parent die 2A is pushed toward the deepest part 3b side, and further, the loading operation is completed by pushing in the contents.

Next, the operation of the explosive dispersion charging method will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D, the explosive holding plate 1 having the plate member 11 has a simple structure in which a plurality of dynamites 2 are held. The loading explosive unit 10 can be easily manufactured. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the manufactured loading explosive unit 10 can be easily pushed into the blasting hole 3 and loaded. Here, the manufactured explosive unit 10 is formed into a shape that can be inserted into the blasting hole 3, so that when the blasting hole 3 is loaded, it is caught in the blasting hole 3 or cannot be loaded due to clogging. Can be prevented. Therefore, there is no need to increase the diameter of the blast hole 3 and it is economical.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the charging can be performed by a simple operation of pushing the loading explosive unit 10 holding the dynamite 2 in a desired position into the blasting hole 3, thereby shortening the charging time. It is possible to improve the work efficiency and reduce the construction cost and the construction period.

Further, in the present embodiment, the dynamite 2 can be easily dispersed and arranged at an arbitrary position of the blasting hole 3, so that the drug is not concentrated on the hole bottom of the blasting hole 3. . That is, the plurality of dynamites 2 can be adjusted and held at an appropriate interval with respect to the explosive holding plate 1 in consideration of the rock mass strength and the drilling length.
Therefore, it is possible to secure the expected blast length with the minimum amount of explosives, and evenly distribute the blasting energy to the multiple blast holes 3 to minimize the impact on the mine wall. Blasting can be realized. And by suppressing the influence of the blasting energy on the pit wall, the loosening range can be reduced, the initial ground pressure can be reduced, and the stability of the face can be improved.

Here, the dispersion charge in the tunnel will be described more specifically.
The blasting hole 3 is classified into centering, wiping, and peripheral holes. By performing such classification, the amount of charge according to the position of the blasting hole 3 can be adjusted, and economical blasting is possible.
That is, in the case of centering, it is generally necessary to secure a charge length of 70% or more of the drilling length of the blasting hole 3, but in order to ensure the necessary charge length as the drilling length increases. In addition, normal charging methods tend to be overloaded. Therefore, it is possible to prevent excessive charging by charging the dynamite 2 with an appropriate interval in the thin plate-like plate member 11 as in the present embodiment, which is economically excellent. Distributed charge can be realized.
Further, the charge length of the peripheral hole needs to be 50% of the drilling length of the blasting hole 3, but the normal charge tends to be excessive. Therefore, by fixing the dynamite 2 at an appropriate interval to the thin plate-like plate member 11 as in the present embodiment, the minimum explosive amount can be achieved.

In the present embodiment, a plurality of dynamites 2 can be arranged at predetermined positions in the longitudinal direction X by a simple method of fixing the dynamite 2 to the adhesive 12 provided on the plate member 11. Therefore, since the space S is provided between the dynamites 2 without providing a member such as a spacer and can be easily fixed in an arbitrary position in a short time, the work related to the dispersion charge can be performed efficiently.
Furthermore, since it can hold | maintain in the state which accommodated the several dynamite 2 via the adhesive agent 12 with respect to the plate member 11, a posture changes with respect to the plate member 11, and the position shifts | deviates, It can suppress falling off.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, since the plate member 11 is formed from the elongate thin plate-shaped paper material or wood, it can be bent easily and can change a shape. That is, in the explosive holding plate 1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to freely set the trapezoidal cross-sectional shape as in the present embodiment according to the shape and size of the dynamite 2 using the plate member 11. It becomes. In addition, since the plate member 11 is made of paper or wood, it can be adjusted by cutting to the required length according to the drilling length of the blast hole 3.

Further, in the present embodiment, as described above, it is possible to easily perform the operation of manufacturing the loading explosive unit 10 by fixing the dynamite 2 to the explosive holding plate 1 on the spot. The sheet-shaped explosive holding plate 1 provided with 12 can be transported in a stacked state. Therefore, a large number of explosive holding plates 1 can be loaded on a transportation facility such as a truck, so that the transportation efficiency can be improved and the cost for transportation can be reduced.
Moreover, for example, even when temporarily placing it on the site where it is used, it is possible to stock the stacked explosive holding plates 1 in an overlapped state, so that there is an advantage that the space for storage can be reduced.
And when the blasting site is a tunnel, it is only necessary to fix the dynamite 2 to the explosive holding plate outside the mine and then carry it into the mine, so it is necessary to carry out the charge work in a poor working environment inside the mine. Thus, the work efficiency can be improved.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, the scale 14 is displayed on the adhering surface 11a of the plate member 11, and this scale 14 can be utilized for the space | intervals of a dispersion charge. Therefore, when a plurality of dynamites 2 are fixed to the explosive holding plate 1 at intervals, they can be fixed at predetermined intervals without measuring the space S between the dynamites 2. It becomes possible to carry out powder medicine.

As described above, in the dispersion charging method for explosives according to the present embodiment, the charging time for charging the blast hole 3 such as a rock can be shortened, the work efficiency is improved, and the construction cost and the construction period are reduced. Can be achieved.
Further, in the present embodiment, the blast energy can be dispersed by easily dispersing and arranging the dynamite 2 at an arbitrary position of the blasting hole 3, and efficient blasting can be realized.

As mentioned above, although embodiment of the dispersion | distribution charge method of the explosive by this invention was described, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning, it can change suitably.
For example, the shape of the explosive holding plate is not limited to the embodiment described above. For example, the thing of the shape like the 1st modification shown in FIGS. 4-8 may be employ | adopted.

The loading explosive unit 10A according to the first modification shown in FIG. 4 uses two explosive holding plates 1A, 1A, and two thin plate members 11 are respectively attached to the adhesive 12 via adhesives 12. The dynamite 2 is sandwiched. In this case, the work of bending the plate member 11 becomes unnecessary, so that the work efficiency can be improved.
In the present embodiment, two explosive holding plates 1A are provided, but three or more explosive holding plates 1A may be provided.

  The explosive holding plate 1B according to the second modified example shown in FIG. 5 is a modified example in which the cross-sectional shape of the explosive holding plate 1 of the above-described embodiment is changed, and the fold portion 11b (weakening portion 13) is the plate member 11. It is formed only at the center in the width direction D, and is bent into a substantially V shape in a sectional view. And the adhesive agent 12 is apply | coated to each inner surface of the accommodation recessed part 11c formed of a pair of slope 11C, 11D divided by the crease | fold part 11b.

  The explosive holding plate 1 </ b> C according to the third modification shown in FIG. 6 has an arc plate-like plate 11 </ b> E in which the plate member 11 is curved in an arc shape in a cross-sectional view viewed from the longitudinal direction X. On the inner peripheral side of the arc plate 11E, an accommodation recess 11c for accommodating the dynamite 2 is formed, and an adhesive 12 is provided in the accommodation recess 11c.

The explosive holding plate 1D according to the fourth modification shown in FIG. 7 has at least a part of the opening of the housing recess 11c in the explosive holding plate 1 formed in a substantially trapezoidal shape in cross-sectional view according to the first embodiment described above. It is also possible to have a holding piece 15 that covers and holds the outer periphery of the dynamite 2 accommodated in the accommodating recess 11c. The holding piece 15 is configured such that one end 15b in the width direction D is connected to one open end of the pair of side walls 11B, and the other locking end 15c can be locked to the open inner end edge of the other side wall 11B. ing.
In this case, in a state where the dynamite 2 is housed in the housing recess 11c of the explosive holding plate 1D, the locking end 15c of the holding piece 15 is locked to the other side wall 11B, whereby the dynamite housed in the housing recess 11c. 2 can be pressed by the inner surface 15 a of the holding piece 15. For this reason, the dynamite 2 is detached from the explosive holding plate 1D during transportation in the state where a plurality of dynamites 2 are fixed to the explosive holding plate 1D or loaded into the blasting hole, or the position is shifted due to a change in posture. Can be prevented.

The explosive holding plate 1E according to the fifth modification shown in FIG. 8 has a configuration including a cylindrical plate 16 (plate member) made of paper or wood having a slit opening 16a in a part in the circumferential direction. The cylindrical plate 16 can be processed, for example, by bending a long thin plate material into a cylindrical shape, or by slitting a cylindrical member to form the slit opening 16a. Further, in the fifth modified example, the adhesive 12 is not provided as in the above-described embodiment and modified example, and the dynamite 2 is held in a state of being sandwiched by the inner surface 16b of the cylindrical plate 16. . The slit opening 16 a is set so that the opening width is smaller than the diameter dimension of the dynamite 2, and extends over the entire length direction X in the cylindrical plate 16.
In the case of the fifth modification, when holding the plurality of dynamites 2 on the explosive holding plate 1E, the slit opening 16a is widened in the width direction and the dynamite 2 is pushed into the inside thereof, thereby the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical plate 16 An explosive unit for loading 10B in which dynamite 2 is held at a predetermined position of X can be manufactured.

Moreover, in this Embodiment, although the adhesive agent 12 is employ | adopted as an adhesion part provided in the plate member 11, it is not limited to this, It is also possible to employ | adopt an adhesive tape.
And the peelable protective sheet may be stuck on the adhesive surface with the explosive (dynamite 2) in an adhesive tape. In this case, when the explosive is fixed to the plate member, the protective sheet can be peeled off and the explosive can be fixed to the adhesive surface of the adhesive tape. Thus, since the adhesive surface of the adhesive tape is protected by the protective sheet, it is possible to prevent the adhesion force from being reduced due to dust adhering to the adhesive surface before the explosive is fixed.

  In addition, it is possible to appropriately replace the components in the above-described embodiments with known components without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1, 1A to 1E Explosive holding plate 2 Dynamite 2A Parent die 2B Additional die 3 Blast hole 10, 10A, 10B Loading explosive unit 11 Plate member 11A Bottom wall 11B Side wall 11C, 11D Slope 11E Arc plate (plate member)
11a Adhering surface 11b Folded part 11c Housing recess 12 Adhesive (adhesive part)
13 Weakening part 14 Scale 15 Holding piece 16 Cylindrical plate (plate member)
D Width direction S Space X Long direction

Claims (2)

An explosive dispersion charging method for loading a plurality of explosives made of dynamite inserted into a blast hole drilled in a rock mass in a state of being spaced apart from each other along the hole axial direction of the blast hole,
A plate member made of a long thin plate-like paper material , which is bent or curved in a width direction orthogonal to the length direction, and has an opening extending in the length direction in a part of the circumferential direction of the plate member. a step of processing the explosive holding plate,
A step of manufacturing an explosive unit for loading by inserting and holding the plurality of explosives from the opening at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the plate member with respect to the plate member;
After loading the explosive unit for loading into a blasting hole, pushing a container and closing the hole of the blasting hole;
An explosive dispersion charging method characterized by comprising:   2. The explosive dispersion charging method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of explosives are held on the plate member by being fixed to an adhesive portion provided on the plate member.

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