JP6492375B2 - Operating method of walking measuring machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gait measuring machine used for measuring walking ability deeply related to the risk of falls of a patient in medical treatment and rehabilitation, and a gait function evaluation method using the same.

  For example, there are some cases in which elderly people suffer from a decrease in motor function due to aging, limb disorders, brain disorders, etc., tripping in daily walking behavior, and injuries due to falls. For this reason, as daily health management, preventive measures are taken by instructing the range of exercise and the amount of exercise through interviews and observations by doctors and nurses.

  For example, as a health management in daily life, a similar knowledge can be obtained by quantitatively knowing the gait functionality so that a weight scale and a body fat scale are used to prevent diseases caused by obesity by weight measurement. Health management effect can be obtained.

  As a device for measuring the walking state of such a patient (the person to be measured), a pressure distribution sensor having a number of pressure sensors is provided, and the load and foot position applied to the sole when the patient walks on the pressure distribution sensor Is known (see Patent Document 1). In addition, a gait measurement unit that measures gait data based on pedestrian walking, a gait analysis unit that analyzes pedestrian gait movement based on gait data measured by the gait measurement unit, a history of illness related to falls, and With the presence / absence information of falls, a medical checkup database registered for each pedestrian as health checkup information, the display control unit supports pedestrian fallover risk information analyzed by the pedestrian analysis unit and pedestrians in the checkup database There has been proposed a fall prevention guidance support system (see Patent Document 2) that displays walking training guidance information suitable for a pedestrian as a fall prevention guidance plan on a display unit.

  In addition, a walking sensor that is worn on a pedestrian's foot and wirelessly outputs at least one of acceleration and angular velocity detection data at a predetermined sampling period, a wireless communication device that receives the detection data, and the wireless communication device Based on the absolute value of the acceleration of the detection data acquired in this step, and a gait analyzer that calculates the timing of the maximum value of the first half of the data for each step as the takeoff time and the timing of the maximum value of the second half as the ground contact time. The gait analysis system (see Patent Document 3), and further, the measured person calculates the parameter value indicating the gait function based on the pressure distribution data from the pressure distribution sensor, and uses the plural parameter values and the fall history database. It is equipped with a fall risk database that accumulates the fall risk quantified by logistic regression analysis and parameters Based on the value of the parameter for the person to be measured calculated by the detecting section and the fall risk database, such as fall risk assessment apparatus according to the risk of falling of the measured person (see Patent Document 4) it has been proposed.

JP 2000-308698 A JP 2002-345786 A JP 2008-175559 A JP 2008-61811 A

  The present invention is easy to introduce into a general home or a nursing facility, taking into account the problems that errors occur due to manual measurement, the measurement method is complicated, and a plurality of personnel are required. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gait measuring machine that enables objective evidence construction for changes and a gait function evaluation method using the same.

  For this reason, the walking measuring machine of the present invention detects the walking state of the person to be measured and measures the walking data of the person to be measured, and the walking data measured based on the walking data measured by the walking state measuring means. A first feature is that a walking state analyzing means for analyzing the walking state of the measurer and calculating the walking ability of the measured person is provided. The measurement items by the walking state measuring means are (1) the time from the starter's signal until the first step of the person to be measured lands on the ground, and (2) from the start position to the landing point of the first step. (3) the time from the arrival of the toes of the first step to the arrival of the toes of the second step, (4) the toes of the second step from the position where the toes of the first step arrived The second feature is the distance from the landing position, and (5) the time from the landing of the toe of the first step to the end of detection. Further, the walking state measuring means stores a walking mat in which a plurality of sensors are arranged at a predetermined interval, a starter for signaling the start of measurement, pressure receiving information from the sensors and separation speed data to the walking state analyzing means. A third feature is that it comprises a relay control device for transmission. Furthermore, the walking mat has a plurality of sensors arranged inside the walking mat, and the arranged sensors monitor the time from landing to the position where the measured person has stepped on and landing, and the measured person. Measuring the step length and the walking speed of the vehicle, wherein the walking state analyzing means receives the data from the relay control device and analyzes it, the body information of the person to be measured, and the measurement result A fifth feature is that it comprises an arithmetic processing unit provided with a database for registering.

The method for operating the walking measuring machine according to the present invention includes a walking mat that functions as a sensor for measuring a position on which a subject steps on a foot, and an operation for calculating data obtained from the walking mat via a relay control box. The walking mat includes a processing device, and the walking mat includes: (1) a time T1 from when the subject steps on the starter's cue and the toe of the subject's first step lands. (2) distance D1 from the start position to the position where the toe of the first step has landed; (3) time T2 from when the toe of the first step has landed until the toe of the second step has landed; (4) A distance D2 from a position where the toe of the first step has landed to a position where the toe of the second step has landed, and (5) a time T3 from the landing of the toe of the first step to the end of detection. Each measuring process and measured (1) to (5) are stored in a database, and the arithmetic processing unit has (T1 / average T1 accumulated) × 100, (T2 / average T2 accumulated) × 100 or A step of calculating a walking start reaction as (T3 / average value of accumulated T3) × 100 is a first feature. Further, the walking mat is (1) a time T1 from when the subject steps on the starter's signal until the toe of the subject's first step lands, (2) the toe of the first step from the start position. The distance D1 to the position where the heel has landed, (3) the time T2 from the landing of the toes of the first step to the landing of the toes of the second step, and (4) the position where the toes of the first step have landed The distance D2 from the position to the position where the toe of the second step has landed, (5) the step of measuring the time T3 from the landing of the toe of the first step to the end of detection, and the measured (1) Through (5) in the database, and the arithmetic processing unit determines whether it is willing to start walking as (D1 / average value of accumulated D1) × 100 or (D2 / average value of accumulated D2) × 100. And calculating the second feature.

  It solves problems such as errors in measurement due to manual labor, complicated measurement methods, and the need for multiple personnel, and can be easily introduced into ordinary homes and nursing homes. It is possible to build up evidence.

It is a perspective view which shows typically the walk measuring machine which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the walk measuring machine which concerns on this invention. It is a partially broken perspective view which shows the walking mat structure which concerns on this invention. It is a top view which shows the example of the laying state of a walk mat. It is a top view which shows typically the walking measuring machine of this invention. It is a screen image figure of a measurement program.

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 1 thru | or FIG. 6, embodiment of the walking measuring machine and walking function evaluation method which concern on this invention is described. Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the examples described below.

  In the walking measuring machine according to the present invention, 64 lines of sensors are arranged in the walking mat 1 at intervals of P = 30 mm, and the position and time when the measured person steps on the foot are monitored, and the stride and walking speed are measured by a personal computer. (Hereinafter referred to as a PC) 4 is a system for calculating and measuring. That is, the walking state measuring means for detecting the walking state of the measured person and measuring the walking data of the measured person, and analyzing the walking state of the measured person based on the walking data measured by the walking state measuring means, A walking state analyzing means for calculating the walking ability of the measurement subject is provided.

  The main configuration of the walking measuring machine is a walking mat 1 that functions as a sensor that measures the position of the foot, a function that functions as a starter that instructs the start of measurement by lighting the lamp, a status lamp 2 that displays the measurement, and a walking mat 1. A relay control box 3 that manages walking information and time from and transmits data to the PC 4, and a PC 4 equipped with a measurement program (application) that acquires and analyzes the data transmitted from the relay control box 3 and displays the results It is composed of

  The walking mat 1 is configured by continuously arranging a plurality of mats in which the above-described sensor signal cable 6 is covered with a conductive cloth 8 on an electrode (PET sheet) 5 in which sensor signal cables 6 are arranged at equal intervals, as shown in FIG. The In the figure, 9 is a PVC cover and 10 is a cable cover. In this example, a walking mat having a width W = 560 mm and a length L1 = 470 mm for one mat was used. When four of these are arranged, the total distance L2 = 1940 mm is obtained by adding the gap d = 10 mm between the sensors.

  Next, measurement items are listed with reference to FIG. In FIG. 5, (1) the status lamp is lit and the time from the start line S to the first toe is measured, (2) the distance from the start position to the first toe is measured (hereinafter, (Stepping distance), (3) Measure the time from the arrival of the first toe to the arrival of the second toe (hereinafter referred to as the opposite foot landing time), (4) Two steps from the position where the first toe arrived Measure the distance to the position where the toes of the eyes arrived (hereinafter referred to as the opposite foot landing distance), and (5) measure the walking time (the time from the landing of the toes of the first step to the end of detection). Also, as shown on the right side of FIG. 5, when the stride is short and the toes of the foot that has been stepped down and the toes of the landing foot are covered on a single sensor signal cable 6, the landing of the foot is detected. Difficult to do. Therefore, the detection direction of the sensor signal cable 6 proceeds in the direction of the arrow shown in the lower side of FIG. 5, that is, in the direction from the rearmost part of the walking mat 1 toward the start line S, and is configured to reliably detect the toes that have landed. .

  The relay control box 3 performs A / D conversion control of each sensor signal level (for 64 lines) at every measurement interval (20 ms), lighting / extinguishing control of the status lamp 2, and USB communication control. That is, receiving a measurement start request from the PC 4, turning on the status lamp 2 (subject walking start), A / D converting sensor signals (64 pieces) from the walking mat 1, sending data to the PC 4, and detecting end (subject After passing the walking mat 1, the measurement stop button of the PC 4 is pushed to complete the measurement, or the status lamp 2 is turned off after the time-out (automatic stop due to time-out). In this embodiment, the status lamp 2 is used as a starter. However, in the case of a visually impaired person, a signal may be given by voice.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the measurement program installed in the PC 4 has a measurer information section for inputting the number, name, sex, age, weight, height, foot size, etc. of the person to be measured. A database for storing and managing the measured person information is constructed in the PC 4. In addition, it has a measurement instruction / data management unit for managing measurement data related to the measurement items described above, and stores and manages the data transmitted from the relay control box 3 in the constructed database, and also sends it to the status lamp 2 The display instruction of the measurement result and past accumulated data can be performed by operating the lighting instruction and the measurement instruction to the walking mat 1.

A comparison was made between the measurement by image recording during normal walking and the measurement (electronic measurement) by the walking measuring apparatus of the present invention.
(1) Measurement by image recording Measurement method: A measuring tape 240 cm that can be measured in 1 cm increments was applied to the floor, and a lamp was installed at the same height as the subject's eyes at the end of the tape (240 cm forward from the start position). The experiment was carried out so that the experimenter had the light emission switch of the lamp so that the subject could not see the switch operation. A video camera was also installed for recording. The installation location was on the platform in front of the center of the measuring tape, and a tripod was used to shoot all the measurements from a high position. The lamp lights up from an upright posture, the step completion time until the toes land after stepping on the foot is T1 (msec), the stepping distance is the stepping distance D1 (cm), and after the above operation is finished, the opposite foot The opposite foot landing time until the toes landed was defined as T2 (msec), and the distance was defined as the stride D2 (cm). The stepping distance D1 and the step length D2 were measured in units of 1 cm, and the stepping landing time T1 and the opposite foot landing time T2 were measured in units of 0.033 seconds corresponding to one frame of video recording. The walking time was measured as T3 (msec).
(2) Electronic measurement Measurement method: Walked according to the light emission of the lamp using the above-described walking measuring machine, and measured T1, D1, T2, D2, and T3.
(3) Measurement Ten measurements were performed by six subjects A to F. Table 1 shows the subject information, and Tables 2 to 7 show the measurement results of image recording and electronic measurement of each subject. In the upper left column of Tables 2-7, as the data classification, following subject numbers A to F, N (no load) or L (weight load), E (electronic measurement) or V (video analysis) are described in succession. doing. In the measurement by image recording, the measurement of T3 is not performed due to the detection angle of view. In the table, “X” indicates that the measurement device was not actually measured due to inadequate adjustment of the measuring device, MN represents the average value of the measurement results, and SD represents the standard deviation value of the measurement results.

  As described above, according to the measurement results of the six examples, the time measurement such as T1 and T2 has a difference of about 4% at the maximum and the distance measurement such as D1 and D2 has a difference of about 6%. Electronic measurements were recorded as very close numbers. In the measurement by image recording, recording of an image taken from obliquely above is confirmed, so that the landing instant is inaccurate and a measurement error occurs due to reasons such as a viewing angle being generated and an image being unclear. On the other hand, the electronic measurement measures the moment of landing when the sole touches the walking mat and receives pressure from the sensor. Therefore, the measurement is performed more reliably than the image recording that estimates analogy from diagonally above. be able to.

  Further, when paying attention to the measurement result of the subject A, the T1 value for the seventh time causes a delay of 245 msec and requires 1180 msec, as compared to the average T1 value of 935 msec. In other words, the seventh measurement cannot walk well, and this fluctuation affects the eighth measurement, so that the T1 value is 700 msec, and the toe of the first step is stepped from the start line S in a time shorter than the average value. Have arrived. If the original pace is about 900 msec, there is a possibility of overadaptation in the eighth measurement. As described above, abnormalities in the walking state can be detected by measurement using the walking measuring machine of the present invention.

[Simulation detection test of behavior change]
Originally, the change in the mode of walking is considered to be due to the functional change of the musculoskeletal cause, and with the above 6 persons, a wrapping weight of 500 g was attached to the ankle and a total load of 1 kg was applied. An electronic measurement was conducted to examine whether it was recognized as a numerical change. As the measurement method, measurement by image recording and electronic measurement were performed as in the above method. The measurement results for each subject are shown in Table 8 to Table 13. In the upper left column of Tables 8 to 13, as the data classification, the subject numbers A to F are followed by N (no load) or L (weight load), E (electronic measurement) or V (video analysis), followed by the alphabet. doing. The term “exercise device” is a general term for organs that support (support) and move (exercise / move) the body, such as bones / joints / ligaments, spine / spinal cord, muscles / tendons, and peripheral nerves.

  Also in this measurement result, the values measured by image recording and the values of electronic measurement were recorded as very close numerical values. When paying attention to the subject D, the T1 average value at no load shown in Table 5 was 1254 msec, but the T1 average value at load shown in Table 11 was 1208 msec, increased by 46 msec, and the walking mode changed. It has been demonstrated that there are functional changes in the musculoskeletal. In the subject A, the T3 average value is increased by 170 msec, although there is no change in the T1 average value during no load and during the load. That is, the walking speed adjustment function is prolonged, and there is a concern that the ability to automatically adjust the necessity of the momentum will be reduced. In the subject F as well as the subject A, the T3 average value is increased at the time of loading, but the weight of the subject F is comparatively light, 47 kg, and the load per body weight is almost twice that of the subject A. This seems to reflect the physical strength.

  From these measurement results, the amount of change in the measured values of the stepping distance D1 and the step length D2 is small, and the variation seen in the standard deviation SD is also small. For this reason, if there is a decrease or abnormality in this value, there is a high possibility that a serious change is hidden, and it is part of health management by checking the measured value.

[Functional evaluation by calculation]
As described above, the present invention walks for a very short distance and measures various parameters. Moreover, the function at the time of a walk is evaluated by various calculations with the measured data, and when abnormality is seen in a function, it is judged that the risk of falling increases. As an example of evaluation by calculation, start walking with the starter's signal, pay attention to the step completion time T1 from stepping on to toe landing, and comparing the accumulated data with the most recently measured data Calculate the walking start response. Walking start response (%) = stepping time (most recent) ÷ stepping time (average of past data) x 100, the increase in walking start response indicates a decrease in agile motion start function and the probability of encountering a crisis Therefore, the subject himself / herself can contribute to prevention of falling by checking the physical condition change.

  Further, as another example of the function evaluation by calculation, the willingness to start walking is calculated by comparing the past data accumulated as the stepping distance D1 with the data measured most recently. The willingness to start walking (%) = the starting distance (nearest) ÷ the starting distance (average of past data) x 100. The decrease in the willingness to start walking indicates a decrease in the muscle strength required for walking, and avoids falls when encountering a danger. Becomes difficult. In addition, an increase in willingness to start walking shows excitement and excessive muscle strength, and causes an accident due to exercise fatigue or overconfidence. Therefore, by calculating the willingness to start walking (%), the subject himself / herself is aware of the change in physical strength, which can contribute to prevention of falling. In this way, by measuring and evaluating the walking function, it is possible to construct objective evidence for changes in the personal environment of the walking function.

  Furthermore, when performing data comparison, it is preferable that the body information of the person to be measured is used. For example, with the physical information of the person being measured as a reference value, the past having physical information in which the gender is the same sex, the age difference is 5 years old, the height difference is 10 cm, the weight difference is 10 kg, and the sole difference is 1 cm Comparison with the data group is performed, and for example, it is possible to calculate the evaluation of the walking function with respect to the actual age of the measurement subject by comparing with the past data of the same sex as the measurement subject.

  In this embodiment, the walking mat 1 is configured so that the sensor signal cable 6 is covered with the conductive cloth 8 on the electrode (PET sheet) 5 arranged at equal intervals, and detects the stepping pressure of the measurement subject. However, the sensor in the present invention can be used as long as it is stored in the walking mat 1 and can monitor the time from landing to the position where the measurement subject stepped on and landing. Can do. As such a sensor, for example, a temperature sensor that detects a temperature change at a position stepped on by the measurement subject may be used. In addition, although a PC is used for mounting a measurement program, any arithmetic processing device capable of operating a measurement program such as a mobile phone, a smartphone, or a tablet terminal can be used. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

1 Walking mat 2 Starter (status lamp)
3 Relay control box 4 PC
5 Electrode (PET sheet)
6 Sensor signal cable 7 Insulating sponge (urethane)
8 electrodes (conductive cloth)
9 Cover (PVC)
10 Cable cover

Claims (2)

A method for operating a walking measuring instrument comprising: a walking mat that functions as a sensor that measures a position a subject steps on with a foot; and an arithmetic processing unit that calculates data obtained from the walking mat via a relay control box. ,
The walking mat is (1) the time T1 from when the subject steps on the starter's cue and the toe of the first step of the measured person lands, (2) the toe of the first step from the start position. (3) Time T2 from the landing of the toe of the first step to the landing of the toe of the second step, (4) First position from the position of landing of the toe of the first step A step of measuring a distance D2 to a position where the toe of the second step has landed, (5) a time T3 from the landing of the toe of the first step to the end of detection;
Storing the measured (1) to (5) in a database;
The arithmetic processing unit starts walking as (T1 / average T1 accumulated) × 100, (T2 / average T2 accumulated) × 100 or (T3 / average T3 accumulated) × 100. And a step of calculating a reaction. A method for operating a walking measuring instrument comprising: a walking mat that functions as a sensor that measures a position a subject steps on with a foot; and an arithmetic processing unit that calculates data obtained from the walking mat via a relay control box. ,
The walking mat is (1) the time T1 from when the subject steps on the starter's cue and the toe of the first step of the measured person lands, (2) the toe of the first step from the start position. (3) Time T2 from the landing of the toe of the first step to the landing of the toe of the second step, (4) First position from the position of landing of the toe of the first step A step of measuring a distance D2 to a position where the toe of the second step has landed, (5) a time T3 from the landing of the toe of the first step to the end of detection;
Storing the measured (1) to (5) in a database;
The arithmetic processing unit includes a step of calculating a willingness to start walking as (D1 / average value of accumulated D1) × 100 or (D2 / average value of accumulated D2) × 100. How the gait meter works.

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