JP6491369B2 - Electric motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric motor.

  A switch having a rotor part and a stator part having a plurality of projecting parts, and exciting the projecting parts of the stator part in order to attract the projecting parts of the rotor part to the projecting parts of the stator part and rotate the rotor part There is a reluctance motor (SR motor) (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-9-266654

  The SR motor described above has the advantage that high rotation and high output can be obtained. On the other hand, in order to improve efficiency, the positional relationship between the protrusion of the rotor and the protrusion of the stator and the protrusion of the stator are excited. It is necessary to control the timing to be performed within a very small allowable range.

  The present invention has been made under such a background, and an object thereof is to provide an electric motor capable of realizing high-efficiency driving by simple control.

  The present invention relates to a rotor yoke having a nonmagnetic body portion that is made of a soft magnetic material and has a groove toward the nonmagnetic body portion, and a ring-shaped rotor side that is arranged in the groove and is NS magnetized in the axial direction. A plurality of rotor-side protrusions that are arranged in a straight line at a constant pitch at positions spaced apart from each other by the permanent magnet and the rotor-side permanent magnet that protrude from the rotor-side permanent magnet; A rotor part, a rotor side coil wound in the circumferential direction, and a rotor part formed by stacking a plurality of rotor members in the axial direction so that the rotor side protruding parts are aligned in a straight line in the axial direction; A stator, a stator side coil that projects in the circumferential direction on the side opposite to the yoke, the stator side projecting part that protrudes toward the rotor part, is arranged in a straight line at a constant pitch, and is spaced apart from each other And rotor side permanent magnet The stator-side projecting portions between the stator members adjacent to each other in the axial direction are fixed to each other with a stator member composed of a ring-shaped stator-side permanent magnet that is opposite to the rotor-side permanent magnet in the axial direction. In a method for controlling an electric motor having the same number of stator portions as the rotor members so as to deviate from each other, a mode in which power is supplied only to the stator side coil, and power is supplied to both the rotor side coil and the stator side coil. The mode is switched.

  In the above control method, the rotor-side protrusion and the stator-side protrusion are partially overlapped by shifting the axial pitch of the stator-side protrusions of the plurality of stator members to be overlapped by a desired angle. The step of setting the size of the wrap to a desired size and the step of rotating the rotating shaft of the motor in a fixed direction by sequentially exciting the stator side coils of the plurality of stator members can be included.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electric motor which can implement | achieve drive with high efficiency by simple control can be provided.

It is a lineblock diagram of the electric motor concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a partially cutaway perspective view of the rotor part of FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the stator portion of FIG. 1 and also shows the insertion direction of the rotor portion. It is a figure which shows the magnetic path of a rotor part and a stator part when both the rotor side coil of FIG. 1 and a stator side coil are non-excited. It is a figure which shows the magnetic path of a rotor part and a stator part when the stator side coil of FIG. 1 is excited. It is a figure which shows the magnetic path of a rotor part and a stator part when both the rotor side coil and stator side coil of FIG. 1 are excited. It is a figure which shows the specific positional relationship of the rotor side protrusion part of FIG. 1, and a stator side protrusion part in order to demonstrate control of an electric motor. It is a figure which shows the specific positional relationship different from FIG. 7 of the rotor side protrusion part and stator side protrusion part of FIG. 1 in order to demonstrate control of an electric motor. It is a figure which shows the specific positional relationship different from FIG. 8 of the rotor side protrusion part and stator side protrusion part of FIG. 1 in order to demonstrate control of an electric motor. It is a figure which shows the specific positional relationship of the rotor side protrusion part and stator side protrusion part of the conventional common switched reluctance motor. It is a figure which extracts and shows a part of specific positional relationship of the rotor side protrusion part and stator side protrusion part of FIG. It is a figure which shows together the overlap of the stator side protrusion part of the 3 step | paragraph structure in the electric motor which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention, and the overlap of the stator side protrusion part of a 6 step | paragraph structure. It is a block diagram of the electric motor which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which looked at the rotor part of FIG. 13 from the axial direction. It is the figure which looked at the stator part of the upper stage which comprises the stator part of FIG. 13 from the axial direction. It is a figure which shows the stator part of the middle stage of FIG. 13 of the state which rotated the stator part of FIG. 15 to the circumferential direction 60 degree | times. It is a figure which shows the stator part of the lower stage of FIG. 13 of the state which rotated the stator part of FIG. 16 to the circumferential direction 60 degree | times. It is the figure which looked at the stator part which concerns on 4th embodiment of this invention from the axial direction. It is a figure which shows the state which rotated the stator part of FIG. 18 to the circumferential direction 15 degree | times. It is a figure which shows the state which rotated the stator part of FIG. 19 to the circumferential direction 15 degree | times. It is a figure which shows the state which rotated the stator part of FIG. 20 to the circumferential direction 15 degree | times. It is a figure which shows the state which rotated the stator part of FIG. 21 15 degree | times in the circumferential direction. It is a figure which shows the state which rotated the stator part of FIG. 22 to the circumferential direction 15 degree | times. It is a figure which expand | deploys and shows the arrangement | positioning state of the stator side protrusion part when the stator member of FIGS. FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an expanded arrangement of the stator side protrusions when the stator members of FIGS. 18 to 23 are stacked in six stages, and shows a wider width than the stator side protrusions of FIG. 24. .

(First embodiment)
An electric motor 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the electric motor 1 includes a columnar rotor portion 2 and a cylindrical stator portion 3 surrounding the rotor portion 2. The rotor unit 2 has a rotating shaft 4.

  The rotor portion 2 of the electric motor 1 has three rotor yokes 20a, 20b, and 20c. The first rotor yoke 20a has a rotor member 21a, the second rotor yoke 20b has a rotor member 21b, and the third rotor yoke 20c has a rotor member 21c. Each of the rotor members 21a, 21b, and 21c is made of a soft magnetic material, and includes a cylindrical nonmagnetic material portion 10 and a groove 11 that faces the nonmagnetic material portion 10. Each non-magnetic member 10 is provided with a rotor-side coil 12 that is wound in the circumferential direction and in a cylindrical shape.

  Furthermore, the rotor yoke 20a is disposed in the groove 11 and protrudes toward the stator side of the rotor-side permanent magnet 30 and the ring-shaped rotor-side permanent magnet 30 that is NS magnetized in the axial direction. A plurality of rotor-side protrusions 40a and 40b are arranged in a straight line at a constant pitch at positions spaced apart from each other. The rotor yokes 20b and 20c have the same configuration as the rotor yoke 20a.

  The stator unit 3 is made of a soft magnetic material and includes three stator members 70a, 70b, and 70c. The stator member 70a is wound around the stator yoke 60, the stator-side protrusions 61a and 61b that protrude to the rotor part 2 side, are arranged in a straight line at a constant pitch, and are circumferentially and cylindrically wound. And a ring-shaped stator side permanent magnet 63 which is opposed to the rotor side permanent magnet 30 and is magnetized in the axial direction with a polarity opposite to that of the rotor side permanent magnet 30. The stator members 70b and 70c have the same configuration as the stator member 70a.

  The stator members 70a, 70b, 70c are arranged such that the stator side protruding portions 61a, 61b are shifted from each other by a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction between the stator members adjacent in the axial direction. In FIG. 3, the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b are shifted from each other by a half pitch between the stator members adjacent in the axial direction. However, this is illustrated as such for the sake of convenience of illustration. , Different from the actual. For example, in practice, the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b are displaced so as to overlap each other between the stator members adjacent in the axial direction.

  The axial thicknesses of the rotor members 21a, 21b, and 21c and the axial thicknesses of the stator members 70a, 70b, and 70c are substantially the same, and the electric motor 1 stacks the rotor members 21a, 21b, and 21c in the axial direction. The rotor portion 2 and the stator portion 3 in which the stator members 70a, 70b, and 70c are stacked in the axial direction. In the example of FIGS. 1-3, both the rotor part 2 and the stator part 3 are 3 steps | paragraphs structure.

  As described above, each of the rotor members 21a, 21b, and 21c has the rotor-side coil 12. The winding start and the winding end of each rotor side coil 12 are connected to an external slip ring 90 through the inside of the rotary shaft 4 which is connected in parallel and has a hollow structure. Thereby, electric power is supplied to each rotor side coil 12 from the outside. 2 and 3, the illustration that the rotary shaft 4 has a hollow structure is omitted.

  Next, control for driving the electric motor 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6 are views showing only a part of one of the left and right sides when viewed from the rotating shaft 4 that is the central axis of the electric motor 1.

  FIG. 4 schematically shows the magnetic paths M1 and M2 of the rotor portion 2 and the stator portion 3 when neither the rotor side coil 12 nor the stator side coil 62 is excited. At this time, only the magnetic path M1 by the rotor-side permanent magnet 30 and the magnetic path M2 by the stator-side permanent magnet 63 are formed. At this time, since electric power is not supplied to the electric motor 1, the electric motor 1 is in a stopped state. Further, at this time, since no magnetic suction force is generated between the rotor portion 2 and the stator portion 3, no cogging occurs when the rotating shaft 4 of the rotor portion 2 is rotated from the outside.

  FIG. 5 schematically shows magnetic paths M3 and M4 in a state where only the stator side coil 62 is excited without exciting the rotor side coil 12. At this time, the magnetic flux of the rotor-side permanent magnet 30 is attracted to the excited stator-side coil 62 to form a magnetic path M3. Further, since the magnetic flux of the rotor-side permanent magnet 30 is directed toward the stator portion 3, the magnetic flux of the stator-side permanent magnet 63 is attracted to the rotor-side permanent magnet 30 to form the magnetic path M4. At this time, the motor 1 is switched reluctance motor by appropriately controlling the excitation or non-excitation of the stator side coil 62 according to the positional relationship between the rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b and the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b. SR motor).

  FIG. 6 schematically shows magnetic paths M5 and M6 in a state where both the rotor side coil 12 and the stator side coil 62 are excited. The currents flowing in both coils 12 and 62 are in the same direction, and the magnetic paths generated in both coils 12 and 62 are in the same direction and are integrated into a magnetic path M5. That is, at this time, the magnetic fluxes of the rotor side coil 12 and the stator side coil 62 are attracted to each other to form the magnetic path M5. As a result, the magnetic flux of the rotor-side permanent magnet 30 and the magnetic flux of the stator-side permanent magnet 63 are attracted to each other to form a magnetic path M6. At this time, the motor 1 is switched reluctance motor by appropriately controlling the excitation or non-excitation of the stator side coil 62 according to the positional relationship between the rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b and the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b. SR motor). Further, at this time, the suction force between the rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b and the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b is stronger than in the state shown in FIG. A larger rotational torque can be generated compared to the state shown.

  Thus, the electric motor 1 supplies power only to the stator side coil 62 as shown in FIG. 5, and supplies power to both the rotor side coil 12 and the stator side coil 62 as shown in FIG. You can switch between modes. The former mode can consume less power than the latter mode. In the latter mode, a larger rotational torque can be obtained than in the former mode.

  Next, the control for rotating the electric motor 1 will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9, the solid squares represent the stator members 70a, 70b, and 70c having the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b and the stator side permanent magnet 63, as illustrated in part of FIG. 7 to 9 represent the rotor members 21a, 21b, and 21c having the rotor-side protruding portions 40a and 40b and the rotor-side permanent magnet 30, as illustrated in FIG. 7-9, the part which the rotor side protrusion part 40a, 40b and the stator side protrusion part 61a, 61b partially overlap is shown in figure as the overlap W. FIG.

  7 shows the other rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b, and thus the rotor members 21a, 21b and 21c have a gap G of a certain length in the rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b. It has the composition arranged. In FIGS. 8 and 9, the alternate long and short dash line showing the other rotor-side protrusions 40a and 40b shown in FIG. 7 is omitted.

  In the example of FIG. 7, the rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b of the rotor member 21c are opposed to the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b of the stator member 70c. At this time, the stator side coil 62 of the stator member 70c is excited on the stator portion 3 side.

  In order to further rotate the rotating shaft 4 of the electric motor 1 from the state shown in FIG. 7, the stator side coil 62 of the stator member 70b is excited. As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, the rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b of the rotor member 21b and the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b of the stator member 70b face each other.

  In order to further rotate the rotating shaft 4 of the electric motor 1 from the state shown in FIG. 8, the stator side coil 62 of the stator member 70a is excited. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the rotor side protrusions 40a and 40b of the rotor member 21a and the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b of the stator member 70a face each other.

  Thus, by sequentially exciting the stator side coils 62 of the stator members 70a, 70b, 70c, the rotating shaft 4 of the electric motor 1 can continue to rotate in a certain direction.

  FIG. 10 shows a general switched reluctance motor (SR motor) as a comparative example. FIG. 11 shows the positional relationship between the stator side protrusions P1, Q1, R1, P2, Q2 and the rotor side protrusions p, q, r, focusing on the encircled portion of the broken line in FIG.

  In the example of FIGS. 10 and 11, the rotor-side protrusion q and the stator-side protrusion R <b> 1 are substantially opposed. At this time, the area of the overlap Wa between the rotor-side protrusion p and the stator-side protrusion Q1 and the rotor-side protrusion r and the stator-side protrusion Q2 is compared with the area of the overlap W shown in FIGS. It turns out that it is very little.

  In order to further rotate the SR motor from the state shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the stator side protrusions Q1 and Q2 are excited. At this time, if the area of the overlap Wa is small, the force by which the stator-side protrusions Q1, Q2 attract the rotor-side protrusions p, r also becomes small, so that a large rotational torque cannot be obtained efficiently.

  In addition, if the area of the overlap Wa is small, the control is required to accurately capture the timing at which the stator side protrusions Q1, Q2 overlap the rotor side protrusions p, r within a short time. It becomes complicated.

  As described above, the electric motor 1 can have a larger portion indicated as overlap W in the drawings of FIGS. 7 to 9 than a general SR motor. This is because when the stator members 70a, 70b, 70c are overlapped, the pitch in the axial direction of the stator side protrusions 61a, 61b of the stator members 70a, 70b, 70c can be shifted to a free angle. This is because an overlap W having a desired size can be obtained.

  As described above, in the electric motor 1, the overlap W between the rotor side protrusions 40 a and 40 b and the stator side protrusions 61 a and 61 b can be freely increased as compared with a general SR motor. Thereby, compared with the control of a general switched reluctance motor (SR motor), the electric motor 1 can easily grasp the timing of overlap and can simplify the control. Further, the electric motor 1 can efficiently obtain a large rotational torque by utilizing the size of the overlap area.

  Thus, the electric motor 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of rotor members 21a, 21b, 21c and stator members 70a, 70b, 70c. Accordingly, the motor 1 can be easily configured by stacking the rotor members 21a, 21b, 21c,... And the stator members 70a, 70b, 70c,.

  FIG. 12 illustrates an example of the electric motor 1 in which the stator members 70a to 70c are stacked in three stages and an example of the electric motor 1a in which the stator members 70a to 70f are stacked in six stages. Comparing the area of the overlap W in the three-stage stacked stator members 70a to 70c with the area of the overlap W1 (W11 + W12) in the six-stage stacked stator members 70a to 70f, it can be seen that W <W1. As described above, according to the electric motor 1a, the rotor member 21 and the stator member 70 can be stacked in a desired number of stages so that the electric motor 1a can be configured relatively easily. Therefore, the overlap area and the like can be freely set. be able to.

  For example, in the SR motor of Patent Document 1, a coil is wound around the stator side protruding portion, but in the electric motors 1 and 1a, the stator side coil 62 is wound inside the stator members 70a, 70b, 70c and the like. According to this, the arrangement position of the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b is not limited by the arrangement position of the coil, and the degree of freedom in design can be improved. In addition, this makes it possible to easily cope with multipolarization.

  For example, in the SR motor of Patent Document 1, the rotor portion does not have a permanent magnet, and the magnetic path passes through the rotor portion and is formed between the stator-side protruding portions of the stator portion that are excited. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, the electric motors 1 and 1a are formed between the rotor-side protrusions 40a and 40b and the stator-side protrusions 61a and 61b, which are opposed to each other, and are short. A magnetic path is formed efficiently. Also by this, the electric motors 1 and 1a can obtain a high rotational torque efficiently.

  Moreover, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the structure which has the rotor side coil 12 in the rotor part 2, you may abbreviate | omit the rotor side coil 12. FIG. According to this, magnetic paths M3 and M4 shown in FIG. 5 are formed, and a power-saving electric motor can be realized.

(Second embodiment)
An electric motor 1b according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the electric motor 1 b includes a stator portion 3 a having substantially the same configuration as the stator portion 3 of the first embodiment. However, the stator part 3a is different from the stator side protrusions 61a and 61b of the stator part 3 in the area of the stator side protrusions 61aa and 61ba.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, the electric motor 1b differs in the rotor part 2a from the rotor part 2 of 1st embodiment. That is, the rotor part 2a does not have a permanent magnet or a coil, but is simply formed in a shape as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 by a magnetic member. The rotor part 2a has a rotor side protruding part 40g.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the stator portion 3a of the electric motor 1b is disposed such that the stator side protruding portion 61aa faces the rotor side protruding portion 40g shown in FIG. FIG. 15 shows the stator member 70aa.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 16, the stator portion 3 a of the electric motor 1 b is arranged such that a stator member 70 ba in a state rotated from the state of FIG. 15 in the circumferential direction by 60 degrees is overlapped under the stator member 70 aa.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the stator portion 3 a of the electric motor 1 b is arranged such that a stator member 70 ca that is rotated 60 degrees in the circumferential direction from the state of FIG. 16 is stacked under the stator member 70 ba. In this manner, the stator side protrusions 61aa, 61ba, 61ca, 61da, 61ea, and 61fa having pitches shifted from each other by 60 degrees are formed on the stator portion 3a in three stages.

(Other embodiments)
Various modifications can be made to the embodiment of the present invention without departing from the gist thereof. For example, FIGS. 18 to 23 show the stator members 70ab to 70fb of the stator portion 3b having a six-stage configuration. The stator member 70ab shown in FIG. 18 and the stator member 70bb shown in FIG. 19 are different in the circumferential angle of the stator-side protruding portion 61ab by 15 degrees. The stator member 70bb shown in FIG. 19 and the stator member 70cb shown in FIG. 20 are different in the angle in the circumferential direction of the stator side protrusion 61ab by 15 degrees. The stator member 70cb shown in FIG. 20 and the stator member 70db shown in FIG. 21 are different in the angle in the circumferential direction of the stator side protruding portion 61ab by 15 degrees. The stator member 70db shown in FIG. 21 and the stator member 70eb shown in FIG. 22 differ in the circumferential angle of the stator-side protruding portion 61ab by 15 degrees. The stator member 70eb shown in FIG. 22 and the stator member 70fb shown in FIG. 23 differ in the circumferential angle of the stator side protruding portion 61ab by 15 degrees.

  The stator portion 3b can be configured by stacking such stator members 70ab to 70fb in six stages.

  24 and 25 are views showing the stator side protrusions 61ab of the stator members 70ab to 70fb formed in six stages. 24 shows an example in which the circumferential width of the stator side protrusion 61ab in FIG. 24 is narrower than the circumferential width of the stator side protrusion 61ab in FIG. In addition to this, the deviation between the number of steps of the stator member and the circumferential angle of the stator-side protruding portion can be easily and variously changed according to the user's request.

  In the above-described embodiment, the inner rotor type electric motors 1, 1 a, 1 b have been described, but an outer rotor type may be used.

  In the above-described embodiment, the stator members 70a, 70b, 70c, 70aa, 70ba, 70ca, 70ab, 70bb, 70cb are adjusted to adjust the overlapping angle of the stator members 70a, 70b, 70c, 70aa, 70ba, The angle between the pitches of the stator side protrusions 61a, 61b, 61aa, 61ba between 70ca, 70ab, 70bb, 70cb is given, but between the rotor side protrusions 40a-40g on the rotor members 21a, 21b, 21c side. The angle may be given.

  Moreover, although the electric motor was shown in the above-mentioned embodiment, it is good also as a generator which generates electric power on the stator part 3 side by rotating the rotor parts 2 and 2a. In this case, as a method of rotating the rotor parts 2 and 2a, a method of mechanically driving the rotor parts 2 and 2a, a method of flowing current through the rotor side coils 12 and 12a in addition to mechanical driving, and the like may be employed. .

  The rotor portion 2 and the stator portion 3 are formed from a plurality of rotor members and stator members, but either one or both may be integrated. For example, a single rotor yoke or a single stator yoke may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a ... Electric motor, 2, 2a ... Rotor part, 3, 3a, 3b ... Stator part, 4 ... Rotating shaft, 10 ... Nonmagnetic part, 11a, 11b, 11c ... Groove, 12, 12a ... Rotor side coil, 20a, 20b, 20c ... rotor yoke, 21a, 21b, 21c ... rotor member, 30a, 30b, 30c ... rotor side permanent magnet, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 40f, 40g ... rotor side protrusion, 60 ... stator Yoke, 61a, 61b, 61aa, 61ab ... Stator side protrusion, 62 ... Stator side coil, 70a, 70b, 70c, 70aa, 70ba, 70ca, 70ab, 70bb, 70cb, 70db, 70eb, 70fb ... Stator member

Claims (2)

A rotor yoke made of a soft magnetic material and having a cylindrical non-magnetic material portion and a groove toward the non-magnetic material portion, and a ring-shaped rotor-side permanent magnet disposed in the groove and NS magnetized in the axial direction A plurality of rotor-side protrusions that protrude in a stator portion side from the rotor-side permanent magnet and that are arranged at a fixed pitch in a straight line at positions spaced apart from each other across the rotor-side permanent magnet, A rotor part that is formed by stacking a plurality of rotor members that are wound in the circumferential direction on the body part in the axial direction so that the rotor-side protruding part is in a straight line in the axial direction.
It is made of a soft magnetic material, and protrudes toward the stator yoke, the rotor portion side, and is arranged in a straight line at a constant pitch at positions spaced apart from each other. A stator member comprising: a stator-side coil wound in a direction; and a ring-shaped stator-side permanent magnet that is opposed to the rotor-side permanent magnet and is magnetized in the opposite direction to the rotor-side permanent magnet in the axial direction. A stator portion that is stacked in the same number as the rotor member such that the stator side protruding portions are displaced from each other by a predetermined pitch between the stator members adjacent in the axial direction;
In a method for controlling an electric motor having
Switching between a mode for supplying power only to the stator side coil and a mode for supplying power to both the rotor side coil and the stator side coil,
A control method characterized by that. The control method according to claim 1,
By overlapping the axial pitch of the stator side protrusions of the plurality of stator members to be overlapped by a desired angle, the rotor side protrusions and the stator side protrusions are partially overlapping portions. Setting the size to a desired size;
Rotating the rotating shaft of the electric motor in a fixed direction by sequentially exciting the stator side coils of the plurality of stator members;
Having
A control method characterized by that.

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