JP6089606B2 - Rotating machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating machine that rotates a rotor with respect to a stator.

  Conventionally, a rotating machine including a stator and a rotor arranged with a magnetic gap (a narrow gap called an air gap, hereinafter referred to as a “magnetic gap”) between the stator and the stator. (For example, a PM motor) is known. A stator of the rotating machine is provided with a plurality of stator teeth arranged at equal pitches in the circumferential direction, and windings (stator windings) are arranged in slots formed between adjacent stator teeth. A magnetic field is generated in the stator by supplying electric power to the stator winding, and the rotor is rotated by the interaction between the magnetic field and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet attached to the rotor (for example, Patent Documents). 1).

  By the way, recently, there are many rotating machines used in applications with large load fluctuations, such as automobile drive motors, and for these rotating machines, expansion of the output range and higher efficiency are required. Yes.

  In a conventional rotating machine with a permanent magnet attached to the rotor, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet passes through the magnetic gap and is linked to the stator winding wound around the stator teeth, generating an induced voltage. Here, the induced voltage determined by the magnetic flux amount and the rotational speed of the field, which is a magnetic field generated when rotating, increases in proportion to the rotational speed of the rotor. If a high induced voltage is set to ensure a large output (large torque) in the frequency range, it cannot be driven due to voltage limitations (exceeding the power supply voltage) in the high speed range, while it can be driven to the high speed range. If it is possible, the induced voltage becomes low in the low speed range, and the necessary high output (large torque) cannot be secured.

  Therefore, in the conventional permanent magnet synchronous rotating machine, when operating the rotor at a high speed by increasing the rotational speed of the rotor, the electrical design of the rotating machine (so as not to exceed the voltage limit) so that the induced voltage does not exceed the terminal voltage of the controller. In the high-speed region where the induced voltage is too high due to too much magnetic flux of the permanent magnets linked to the stator, the current phase is changed and generated in the stator winding. The induced voltage is controlled by weakening the magnetic flux of the field (weakening the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet).

  Thus, in the conventional rotating machine, the operation range is expanded by performing field-weakening control that actively weakens the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet.

JP2012-080715A

  However, if field-weakening control becomes excessive, the permanent magnet is irreversibly demagnetized beyond the nick point of the permanent magnet.

Therefore, in a conventional rotating machine, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet attached to the rotor is always in a state where it can act as a field magnetic flux interlinking with the stator iron core and the stator winding, so that the permanent magnet is not irreversibly demagnetized. Even if the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet can be reduced to weaken the magnetic force, it is difficult to make the magnetic force zero, that is, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet that can act as a field magnetic flux. Then, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets that can act as a field magnetic flux is always flowing to the stator leakage in magnetic gap from the rotor, the loss has occurred at the time of rotation by that amount.

  Moreover, if it is an aspect which attaches a permanent magnet to a rotor, the situation where a permanent magnet will fly at the time of high-speed rotation of a rotor is assumed. In order to avoid such a situation, for example, a configuration in which a non-magnetic scattering prevention ring is attached so as to cover the surface of the permanent magnet on the side close to the stator core is also conceivable. The magnetic gap is enlarged by that amount, which can hinder high efficiency.

  Furthermore, in the process of assembling the motor by placing the rotor inside the stator, the permanent magnet of the rotor is attracted to the stator iron core, and the assembly work cannot be performed efficiently.

  The main cause of such a problem is that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet cannot be adjusted in a rotating machine with a permanent magnet attached to the rotor.

  The main object of the present invention is to provide a rotating machine capable of adjusting the amount of magnetic flux of the field according to the fluctuation of the rotational speed and the operating state based on such examination results and realizing high efficiency. It is what.

  That is, the present invention relates to a rotating machine including a stator, a rotor that is arranged coaxially with the stator and that forms a magnetic gap between the stator, and a rotor support portion that rotatably supports the rotor with respect to the stator. Is. The rotating machine according to the present invention includes an inner movable type in which the rotor is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the stator in the radial direction of the rotating shaft, and an outer movable type in which the rotor is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the stator in the radial direction of the rotating shaft. In the case of the inner movable type, the “rotor support portion” may be the rotating shaft (shaft) itself. In the case of the outer movable type, the “rotor support portion” rotates more than the rotor. A frame disposed on the outer side in the radial direction of the shaft can be exemplified. The technical features of the present invention will be specifically described below.

A rotating machine according to the present invention includes, as a stator, a ring-shaped stator iron core, permanent magnets that are respectively provided at predetermined locations in the stator iron core and magnetized in the circumferential direction of the stator iron core, and a stator iron core. A plurality of field windings that are passed between permanent magnets adjacent to each other in the direction and pass a DC current that generates a magnetic flux in a direction opposite to that of the permanent magnets, and a permanent magnet that is adjacent in the circumferential direction among the stator cores Stator teeth projecting toward the rotor between the stator coils and the field windings, and stator windings wound around the stator teeth and energized with an alternating current, and the stator windings wound around the opposing stator teeth. Are applied in the same phase, and as a rotor, a ring-shaped rotor core and a rotor core that protrudes from the rotor core toward the stator Applying the one having a different number of rotor poles and the stator teeth at a constant pitch in the internal without stator by passing through the magnetic gap of the stator teeth and the rotor pole in a state where no current flows in the various fields winding the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets to pass only, that is capable of changing configuration magnetic flux passing through the magnetic gap and the rotor with the magnetic flux of the various circles winding caused by passing a predetermined direction of current in various fields winding It is characterized by. Here, the number of “stator teeth” is determined based on the number of poles and the number of phases of the rotor. The configuration in which the stator winding is wound around each stator tooth is synonymous with the configuration in which the stator winding is disposed in each slot formed between adjacent stator teeth.

In such a rotating machine according to the present invention, the magnets of the permanent magnets arranged at a plurality of predetermined positions in the stator core are provided in the circumferential direction of the stator core, so that they are adjacent to the permanent magnets in the circumferential direction of the stator core. If no current is flowing in each field winding provided at the position (field winding non-excited state), the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet is a short-circuit magnetic flux that returns via the stator core and other permanent magnets. Become. That is, magnetic flux passing through the low resistance portion, when the magnetomotive force of the various fields winding is zero, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet does not pass through the rotor by the presence of magnetic gap.

On the other hand, when a current in a predetermined direction is passed through each field winding, the magnetic flux of each field winding is generated as a magnetic flux in the direction opposite to the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet. Therefore, the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet flowing in the stator core collides with the magnetic flux of the field winding adjacent in the circumferential direction in the stator core, and the field of the stator core from the portion of the stator core where each permanent magnet is arranged. through the stator teeth are present to reach the portion of arranging the winding, passes through the magnetic gap between the stator teeth and the opposite may rotor poles, the rotor poles, the rotor core, other rotor poles, the rotor It reaches the permanent magnet flows magnetic gap between the stator teeth, which may face the poles, stator teeth, the stator iron core in this order. In addition, in a state where a current in a predetermined direction is passed through each field winding (field winding excitation state), the magnetic flux of each field winding starts from each location where the field winding is disposed in the stator core. capturing the flows in the stator core from the start point, collides with the permanent magnet flux in the stator iron core, through the stator teeth with the permanent magnet flux passes through the magnetic gap between the stator teeth and the opposite may rotor poles, rotor poles, the rotor core, other rotor poles, leading to magnetic gap, stator teeth, each starting point of above flows stator core in this order between the rotor poles and facing may stator teeth.

  Thus, the rotating machine according to the present invention is in a state in which the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet does not flow through the rotor if the current in a predetermined direction does not flow through each field winding (field winding non-excitation state). It is possible to ensure a state that is difficult to flow. Therefore, in the rotating machine according to the present invention, no induced voltage is generated in a state where a current in a predetermined direction is not passed through each field winding, and the cogging torque and loss torque are zero or substantially zero, so that high efficiency can be achieved. it can. Further, in a state where a current in a predetermined direction flows through each field winding (field winding excitation state), the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of each field winding are passed through the rotor (the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet is If the voltage is applied to the stator winding in this state, the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet and each field winding can be changed. The magnetic flux acts as a field magnetic flux interlinked with the stator winding, and can generate an induced voltage to rotate the rotor. Furthermore, in the rotating machine of the present invention, since the numbers of stator teeth and rotor poles are different, sinusoidal excitation can be used, and a general-purpose inverter can be used. Further, since the rotating machine of the present invention can use sinusoidal excitation, it can be driven by a pulse power source used when the number of stator teeth and the number of rotor poles is the same.

  In the rotating machine of the present invention, the amount of magnetic flux passing through the rotor (the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet) is adjusted by adjusting the amount of current flowing through each field winding in accordance with the required rotational speed (output) and torque. Can be increased / decreased, and thus linked to the stator windings can be increased / decreased (the amount of magnetic flux that is the sum of the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of each field winding). The amount of field magnetic flux can be increased or decreased. At this time, since the field weakening that weakens the field of each permanent magnet is unnecessary, it is possible to prevent the demagnetization phenomenon of the permanent magnet, and for example, compared with a mode in which the field weakening control and the field strengthening control are selected and performed. Since the direction of current flowing through each field winding is only a fixed direction, it is not necessary to switch the direction of current flowing through each field winding.

  In particular, in the rotating machine of the present invention, a plurality of pairs of permanent magnets and field windings are provided in the circumferential direction of the stator core, and each of the pairs of permanent magnets and field windings of the stator iron core is provided. Since the stator teeth that are opposed to each other across the rotation center of the rotor are set in the same phase by winding the stator winding around the provided stator teeth and adjusting the current flowing through each stator winding, the rotating machine of the present invention A single-phase multiphase AC motor or multiphase AC generator can be realized.

  Moreover, since the rotating machine of the present invention is not configured to attach a permanent magnet to the rotor, it is possible to avoid a situation where the permanent magnets are scattered during high-speed rotation of the rotor. Furthermore, if the rotating machine has a permanent magnet attached to the rotor, the anti-scattering member provided to prevent the permanent magnet from scattering is not necessary in the rotating machine of the present invention. It is possible to avoid the enlargement of the magnetic gap by attaching the anti-scattering member to the surface of the permanent magnet that faces the stator, which contributes to higher efficiency.

  In particular, the rotating machine of the present invention is advantageous in that the rotor can be formed only from a magnetic material.

  In addition, in the rotating machine of the present invention, since the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet stays in the stator in the state where no current flows through each field winding, the inner part of the stator can be used if it is an inner movable type in the assembly process of the rotating machine. In the step of inserting a unit in which the rotor and the rotor support member (shaft) are assembled into the space, or in the step of inserting the unit in which the rotor and the rotor support member (frame) are assembled outside the stator if the outer movable type, By preventing the current from flowing through the windings, it is possible to prevent each permanent magnet from being attracted to the rotor unexpectedly, and the insertion operation can be performed smoothly and appropriately.

  Further, in the present invention, a set of permanent magnets and field windings provided on the stator core so that the directions of the magnetic fluxes are opposite to each other is 3n (n is a positive integer excluding zero) in the circumferential direction of the stator core. It is also possible to configure a set of rotating machines. With such a configuration, the number of stator teeth provided in association with each pair of permanent magnets and field windings is the same as the number of pairs of permanent magnets and field windings, that is, 3n (n excludes zero) Rotating machine with a three-phase 3n slot structure (n is a positive integer excluding zero) by setting the stator windings wound around the stator teeth facing each other across the rotating shaft to the same phase. It becomes. If the rotating machine has a three-phase structure, the torque generated by all phase currents is positive, the combined torque is large, and the torque pulsation is small.

  As described above, the rotating machine according to the present invention may be an inner movable type in which the rotor is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the stator in the radial direction of the rotating shaft, or the rotor may be disposed on the outer periphery of the stator in the radial direction of the rotating shaft. It may be an outer movable type arranged on the side. In any type of rotating machine, the rotor support member is preferably made of a magnetic material.

According to the present invention, by arranging a plurality of pairs of permanent magnets and the field winding in the circumferential direction of the stator core, the field winding deenergized state hardly leaks or leaking to the magnetic gap to flow in the stator the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is magnetically shorted, flows with the magnetic flux of the various circles winding the magnetic gap and the rotor by supplying a current to the various fields winding, capable of changing configuration flux may act as a field flux Therefore, it is possible to adjust the amount of magnetic flux of a field according to fluctuations in the number of rotations and operating conditions, and to provide a rotating machine that operates with high efficiency in any rotating range corresponding to a wide operating range. Can do.

The cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rotary machine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows typically the flow of the magnet magnetic flux in a field winding non-excitation state corresponding to FIG. The figure which shows typically the flow of the magnet magnetic flux in a field winding excitation state corresponding to FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The rotating machine X according to the present embodiment is suitably used as a drive motor or a generator that requires a low-speed and high-torque output, such as an aircraft starter generator (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the rotating machine X includes a stator 1, a rotor 2 that is arranged coaxially with the stator 1 and that forms a magnetic gap with the stator 1, and the rotor 2 can rotate with respect to the stator 1. And a rotor support member 3 to be supported. The rotating machine X according to the present embodiment is an inner movable rotating machine X in which the rotor 2 is disposed radially inward of the rotating shaft 3 with respect to the stator 1.

  In the present embodiment, the shaft 3 that functions as the rotating shaft itself of the rotor 2 is applied as the rotor support member. That is, the shaft 3 and the rotor 2 are configured to be integrally rotatable.

  The stator 1 includes a stator core 11 (corresponding to the stator core of the present invention), a plurality of stator teeth 12 protruding from the stator core 11 toward the rotor 2 and arranged at an equiangular pitch in the circumferential direction A, and each stator tooth 12. A plurality of permanent magnets 14 disposed at a predetermined plurality of locations (in the illustrated example, the central portion of one side of the stator core 11 having a rectangular tube shape), and the stator core 11. Among them, there are a plurality of field windings 15 wound around the positions of the permanent magnets 14 adjacent in the circumferential direction (intermediate position of the adjacent permanent magnets 14 in this embodiment).

  The stator core 11 is a magnetic body whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the axial direction of the shaft 3 forms a ring shape. In this embodiment, the stator core 11 in which the unit stator core 11a divided into six in the circumferential direction A is integrally joined by an appropriate means is applied. However, the unit stator core 11a divided into a number other than six in the circumferential direction A is appropriately used. A stator core integrally joined by the above means or a stator core that is not divided in the circumferential direction A may be used.

  In the stator core 11 of the present embodiment, a cavity portion 11s having a predetermined size is formed between the unit stator cores 11a adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction A, and the permanent magnet 14 or a magnetic body having substantially the same shape as the permanent magnet 14 is formed in each cavity portion 11s. 16 is arranged. Specifically, the permanent magnets 14 and the magnetic bodies 16 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction A in the hollow portions 11 s formed at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction A of the stator core. The magnetic body 16 only needs to be formed from an appropriate magnetic material such as iron, and the specific material is not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 1, each hollow portion 11 s may penetrate the stator core 11 in the thickness direction (diameter direction of the shaft 3), or the stator core 11 is recessed by a predetermined region in the thickness direction. (Not shown) may be used.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the stator core 11 is used in which the cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the axial direction of the shaft 3 is a cylindrical shape (the corners are partially cylindrical), but a cylindrical shape other than the cylindrical shape, for example, a rectangular cylindrical shape. It may be a polygonal cylindrical stator core.

  The stator teeth 12 protrude from the inward surface (inner peripheral surface) of the stator core 11 toward the rotor 2 (in the radial direction of the shaft 3) at a predetermined pitch. The rotating machine X according to the present embodiment includes a total of six stators that protrude toward the rotor 2 from the region between the permanent magnet 14 and the field winding 15 that are adjacent to each other at a predetermined distance in the circumferential direction of the stator core 11a of the stator core 11. Teeth 12 are provided, and a stator winding 13 is wound around each stator tooth 12. In the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, a stator core 11 in which six unit stator cores 11a are arranged in the circumferential direction A is applied, and the stator teeth 12 are rotors from the central portion in the circumferential direction A on the inner circumferential surface of each unit stator core 11a. It protrudes toward the 2 side. In the present embodiment, the protruding end surface 12t of each stator tooth 12 is formed on a common arc centered on the rotation center of the rotor core 2 (the axis of the shaft 3). Accordingly, the protruding end surface 12t of each stator tooth 12 is an arc-shaped surface that is recessed toward the stator core 11 side.

  In the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 14 is disposed in the hollow portion 11 s of the stator core 11. In the present embodiment, a permanent magnet 14 is used in which the dimension along the radial direction of the shaft 3 is set to be the same as or substantially the same as the thickness of the stator core 11. Each permanent magnet 14 is magnetized in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11. In FIG. 1, when each permanent magnet 14 passes clockwise in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11 in FIG. 1, each permanent magnet 14 is placed in the cavity of the stator core 11 so that the first passing surface becomes the S pole. 11s illustrates a configuration arranged in a predetermined orientation and posture. The permanent magnet 14 of this embodiment is disposed on a part of the stator core 11 in a state in which the S pole and the N pole are in close contact with the end face of the unit stator core 11a (opening edge of the cavity portion 11s) without any gap. The magnetic bodies 16 alternately arranged with the permanent magnets 14 in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11 have substantially the same shape as the permanent magnets 14 and an unnecessary gap is formed between the unit stator cores 11 a arranged in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11. Is formed in order to prevent the formation of the magnetic path and secure the magnetic path. Therefore, if it is the stator core 11 or the unit stator core 11a set to the shape in which the clearance gap (cavity part 11s) is not formed between the permanent magnets 14 adjacent to the circumferential direction A, the magnetic body 16 is unnecessary.

  Each field winding 15 is wound between permanent magnets 14 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11. In the present embodiment, the field windings 15 are wound around the installation areas of the magnetic bodies 16 arranged between the permanent magnets 14 adjacent in the circumferential direction A in the stator core 11. Here, each magnetic body 16 can function as a mark indicating a winding target position when the field winding 15 is wound around the stator core 11.

  And the rotary machine X which concerns on this embodiment is set so that the magnetic flux of the opposite direction to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 14 will arise, when the direct current of a predetermined direction is sent through each field winding 15, respectively.

  In the present embodiment, a plurality of sets of permanent magnets 14 and field windings 15 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the stator core 11 having a cylindrical shape, and stator windings are interposed between the permanent magnets 14 and the field windings 15 of each set. Stator teeth 12 around which the wire 13 is wound are arranged. The rotating machine X of the present embodiment in which the sets of the permanent magnets 14 and the field windings 15 are arranged at equal pitches in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11 is the same as the number of sets of the permanent magnets 14 and the field windings 15. The stator 1 is provided with stator teeth 12 provided in the circumferential direction A at an equal pitch. In the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, the stator windings 13 wound around the stator teeth 12 facing each other on a straight line passing through the axis of the rotating shaft 3 are set in the same phase and arranged in the circumferential direction A. Each stator winding 13 is divided into three phases U, V, and W, and each stator winding 13 is configured to be capable of exciting (energizing) a three-phase alternating current whose phase is shifted by 120 degrees.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor 2 includes a ring-shaped rotor core 21 (corresponding to the rotor core of the present invention), and a rotor tooth 22 (projecting from the rotor core 21 toward the stator 1 side (the radially outer side of the shaft 3)). Equivalent to the rotor pole of the present invention). In the rotor 2 of the present embodiment, the rotor core 21 and the rotor teeth 22 are integrally formed. In this embodiment, the rotor core 21 in which the unit rotor core 21 divided into five in the circumferential direction A is integrally joined by an appropriate means is applied, but the rotor core 21 is not divided in the circumferential direction A. Also good. Further, a shaft insertion hole 21 s through which the shaft 3 can be inserted is formed at the center of the rotor core 21. The shaft 3 inserted through the shaft insertion hole 21 s can rotate integrally with the rotor 2.

  The rotating machine X of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has five rotor teeth 22 projecting radially from the outward surface (outer peripheral surface) of a cylindrical rotor core 21. In the present embodiment, the protruding end surface 22t of each rotor tooth 22 is formed on a common arc centered on the rotation center of the rotor core 21. Accordingly, the protruding end surface 22t of each rotor tooth 22 is an arc-shaped surface that swells radially outward as viewed from the center of the rotation axis.

  Here, in the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, the stator teeth 12 provided at an equal pitch on the inward surface of the ring-shaped stator core 11, and the rotor provided at an equal pitch on the outer surface of the ring-shaped rotor core 21. The number of teeth 22 is different from each other. In the present embodiment, the number of stator teeth 12 is set to 6, and the number of rotor teeth 22 is set to 5. Further, in the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, the dimension along the circumferential direction A of the rotor core 2 on the protruding end surface 22t of the rotor tooth 22 (the length of the arc of the protruding end surface 22t) is the stator core on the protruding end surface 12t of the stator tooth 12. 1 is set to be the same or substantially the same as the dimension along the circumferential direction A (the length of the arc of the projecting end surface 12t), or larger than the length of the arc of the projecting end surface 12t of the data teeth 12 by a predetermined dimension. In the present embodiment, regardless of the relative rotation angle posture of the rotor 2 with respect to the stator 1, each rotor tooth 22 is opposed to one stator tooth 12, or the circumferential direction A Is set so as to ensure one of the relative positional relationships across the two stator teeth 12 adjacent to each other.

  In the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, a magnetic gap is formed between the stator 1 and the rotor 2, more specifically between the stator teeth 12 and the rotor teeth 22, and circulates in the circumferential direction A of the rotation axis W. . That is, the inwardly facing surface (protruding end surface 12t) of each stator tooth 12 is set to a partial arc surface that coincides on the same arc centered on the axis center of the shaft 3, and the outwardly facing surface (projecting end surface 22t) of each rotor tooth 22 is set. ) Is set to a partial arc surface that is concentric with the inward surface of each stator tooth 12 and coincides with an arc whose diameter is set slightly smaller than the inward surface of each stator tooth 12.

  Next, the operation and action of the rotating machine X according to this embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

  In the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, when a predetermined current does not flow in each field winding 15 provided in the stator core 11 (field winding non-excited state), the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet 14 (hereinafter referred to as “magnet magnetic flux”). FIG. 2 (the figure schematically shows the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet 14 in the field winding non-excited state. Compared to FIG. 1, the stator 1 and the rotor 2) Some distortion appears in the outer edge shape of each part of 2 but the distortion has no essential meaning, and the distortion of the magnetic flux itself of each permanent magnet 14 has no essential meaning. The magnetic flux passes through the stator core 11 from the pole magnetized surface, and sequentially passes through the N pole magnetized surface and the S pole magnetized surface of the permanent magnet 14 aligned in the direction of the magnetic flux to reach its own S pole magnetized surface. In other words, the magnetic flux path (magnetic path) of the permanent magnet 14 is inevitably selected as the magnetic path having the smallest overall magnetic resistance, so that the magnetic flux in the field winding non-excited state is the same as that of the rotor 2 and the stator. It flows while avoiding the magnetic gap of 1. Therefore, in the field winding non-excited state, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 14 becomes a short-circuit magnetic flux that returns via the stator core 11. Hereinafter, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 14 in the field winding non-excited state is referred to as “non-excited state magnet magnetic flux”. Thus, the non-excited magnet magnetic flux is contained in the stator 1 and does not flow into the rotor 2. Therefore, it can be said that an induced voltage is not generated and it is a safe state. The amount of magnetic flux of each permanent magnet 14 is always constant. In the present embodiment, the magnetic body 16 is disposed at a predetermined position of the stator core. However, the direction and the amount of magnetic flux of the non-excited magnet magnetic flux do not change depending on the presence of each magnetic body 16.

  On the other hand, in the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, when a direct current in a predetermined direction is passed through each field winding 15 (field winding excitation state), specifically, as shown in FIG. When a direct current in a direction opposite to the direction of the magnet magnetic flux is passed through each field winding 15, the magnet magnetic flux collides with the magnetic flux of the field winding 15 in the stator core 11, and the magnetic flux of the field winding 15 resists. And passes through the magnetic gap between the rotor 2 and the stator 1, which has a smaller resistance than the magnetic flux of the field winding 15, and the rotor teeth 22, the rotor core 21, the other rotor teeth 22, and the magnetism between the rotor teeth 22 and the stator teeth 12. The magnetic flux returns to the permanent magnet 14 through the gap, the stator teeth 12 and the stator core 11. As the current flowing through each field winding 15 is increased, the amount of magnetic flux of each field winding 15 can be increased, and the region of the stator core 11 where the field winding 15 is disposed and the vicinity thereof can be determined. It becomes a state close to magnetic saturation, and it becomes difficult for the magnetic flux to flow in these regions, and the amount of the magnetic flux flowing through the magnetic gap and the rotor 2 increases accordingly.

  The rotating machine X according to the present embodiment causes the field winding 15 of the stator core 11 to be turned on when a current (large current) of a predetermined value or more flows through each field winding 15 (field winding excitation state). As shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic flux does not flow in these regions and all or almost all of the magnetic flux leaks to the magnetic gap, and the magnetic flux that flows in the rotor 2 becomes magnetic saturation. The amount of increases. The magnetic flux of the field winding 15 is also the same as that of the rotor core 21, the rotor teeth 22, the magnetic gap, the rotor teeth 22, the rotor core 21, the other rotor teeth 22, the magnetic gap between the rotor teeth 22 and the stator teeth 12, the stator teeth 12, The stator core 11 flows in this order. Therefore, as the amount of current flowing through each field winding 15 increases, the total amount of magnetic flux passing through the rotor 2 (the sum of the magnet magnetic flux and the magnetic flux of the field winding 15) also increases.

  In the rotating machine X according to the present embodiment, when the magnetic flux flows through the rotor 2 together with the magnetic flux of the field winding 15, current is also passed through the stator windings 13 wound around the stator teeth 12. An induced voltage is generated in the rotor, and the rotor 2 can be rotated. By adjusting the amount of current (field power) flowing through the field winding 15 in accordance with the required rotation speed (output) and torque, the rotor 2 can be increased or decreased (the amount of magnetic flux which is the sum of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 14 and the magnetic flux of the field winding 15). At this time, the stator winding 13 provided in each stator tooth 12 is divided into three phases of U, V, and W, and a three-phase alternating current having a phase shift of 120 degrees is excited in each stator winding 13 unit. (Energization) generates an induced voltage and generates torque that rotates the rotor 2.

  When such a rotating machine X is applied as, for example, a starter generator that serves as both an engine starter and a generator for an aircraft, in the low speed range including the start time, the coil of the stator 1 (stator winding 13) is energized and each field magnet is supplied. The excited rotor 2 is rotationally driven by flowing a current in a predetermined direction through the winding 15 to switch from the field winding non-excitation state to the field winding excitation state.

  The rotating machine X according to the present embodiment increases the amount of current flowing through each field winding 15 (increases the field power) in a low speed range where a large torque is required, thereby increasing the magnitude according to the field power. The magnetic flux of the field winding 15 and the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet 14 induced by the magnetic flux of each field winding 15 can pass through the rotor 2, and the field that flows through the rotor 2 and interlinks with the stator winding 13. The amount of magnetic flux can be increased (the magnetic flux density can be increased). Therefore, for example, a large torque can be obtained by performing field control for flowing a current in a predetermined direction to each field winding 15 without increasing the current flowing to each stator winding 13, and field control is not performed. The induced voltage can be increased as compared with.

  Further, the rotating machine X of the present embodiment operates in the field winding excitation state in the medium speed range, and maintains the induced voltage constant by reducing the field power as compared with the low speed range, and requires torque. The magnetic flux density in the rotor 2 is suppressed by reducing the magnetic flux that passes through the rotor 2 and interlinks with the stator winding 13 from the low-speed region by further reducing the field power when reaching the region that is not. Can do. And in the rotary machine X of this embodiment, iron loss can be reduced by suppressing the magnetic flux density of the rotor 2.

  Further, the rotating machine X according to the present embodiment can be rotated only by the reluctance torque by bringing the field power close to zero in the high speed range. That is, by bringing the field power close to zero, the amount of magnetic flux of each field winding 15 approaches zero, and the amount of magnetic flux that passes through the rotor 2 and interlinks with the stator winding 13 decreases from the middle speed range, The magnetic flux density in the rotor 2 can be further suppressed. Further, by bringing the field power close to zero, the copper loss of the field winding 15 is reduced as compared with the low speed region and the medium speed region, and the iron loss can be reduced along with the reduction of the magnetic flux density in the high speed region. In the rotating machine X according to the present embodiment, since the induced voltage is low (magnetic flux density is low) in the high-speed rotation region, iron loss can be reduced.

  The rotating machine X of the present embodiment having such a configuration is configured such that the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet 14 does not pass through or hardly passes through the rotor 2 in the field winding non-excited state. The magnetic flux interlinked with the stator winding 13 can be made zero or substantially zero, and if it functions as a motor, the cogging torque can be made zero or substantially zero, and as a generator If functioning, the loss torque can be made zero or substantially zero. In addition, in this field winding non-excitation state, no induced voltage is generated and a safe state can be ensured, and when the control device (power supply, inverter, etc.) is stopped, a state in which no induced voltage is naturally generated is ensured. It helps to prevent damage to the control equipment. Further, in the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, when a current in a predetermined direction is passed through each field winding 15, each of the field windings 15 is arranged in pairs with each field winding 15 together with the magnetic flux of each field winding 15. The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 14 passes through the rotor 2 and interlinks with the stator winding 13, and can generate an induced voltage to rotate the rotor 2. The required rotational speed (output) and torque Accordingly, the amount of magnetic flux linked to the stator winding 13 via the rotor 2 can be increased or decreased by adjusting the amount of current flowing through the field winding 15. At this time, since the field weakening that weakens the field of the permanent magnet 14 is not necessary, the demagnetization phenomenon of each permanent magnet 14 can be prevented. The rotating machine X according to the present embodiment can prevent or suppress the occurrence of field copper loss that may occur when the field weakening control is executed, and each field is compared with the mode in which the field weakening control and the field strengthening control are selectively performed. Since the direction of the current flowing through the magnetic winding 15 is only a fixed direction, there is no need to switch the direction of the current flowing through each field winding 15, and the “stator that does not contribute to torque” is required for field weakening control at high speeds. "Electric power" becomes unnecessary, and the stator copper loss can be reduced.

  Thus, in the rotating machine X of this embodiment, when the magnetomotive force of each field winding 15 is zero, the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet 14 that does not pass through the rotor 2 is applied to each field winding 15. By passing an electric current, it can be superposed on the magnetic flux of each field winding 15 and changed to a magnetic flux (field magnetic flux) that passes through the rotor 2 and is linked to the stator winding 13. High efficiency can be realized in any rotation region corresponding to a wide range of operation ranging from a low speed / high torque state to a high speed / low torque state while avoiding a large increase.

  Moreover, the rotating machine X according to the present embodiment has a set of permanent magnets 14 and field windings 15 arranged at positions adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction A via the stator teeth 12 in the circumferential direction A of the rotor core 11 at an equal pitch. By providing a plurality of sets, specifically 3n (n is a positive integer excluding zero), it functions as a three-phase synchronous rotating machine having the above-described effects. Therefore, for example, a configuration in which a plurality of single-phase synchronous rotating machines are arranged in the axial direction of the shaft, and the phase of each single-phase synchronous rotating machine is shifted in the circumferential direction of the shaft to function as a three-phase synchronous rotating machine as a whole. Thus, the three-phase synchronous rotating machine X that can be reduced in size and the number of parts can be realized.

  Moreover, since the rotating machine X of this embodiment is not the structure which attaches each permanent magnet 14 to the rotor 2, the situation where each permanent magnet 14 scatters during the high-speed rotation of the rotor 2 can be avoided. Furthermore, if the rotating machine X of the present embodiment has a configuration in which the permanent magnet 14 is attached to the rotor 2, a scattering prevention member provided to prevent the permanent magnet 14 from scattering is unnecessary. Reduction of the number of points and prevention of expansion of the magnetic gap due to the presence of the scattering prevention member can be realized.

  In particular, the rotating machine X of the present embodiment is advantageous in that the rotor 2 can be formed only from a magnetic material.

  In addition, in the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, the magnetic flux of each permanent magnet 14 stays in the stator 1 in a state where no current is passed through each field winding 15 attached to the stator 1. Among these, in the step of inserting the unit in which the rotor 2 and the shaft 3 are assembled into the internal space of the stator 1, the permanent magnets 14 are unexpectedly attracted to the rotor 2 by not supplying current to the field windings 15. The situation can be prevented, and the insertion operation can be performed smoothly and appropriately.

  Furthermore, in the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, since the numbers of the stator teeth 12 and the rotor teeth 22 are different, sinusoidal excitation can be used, and a general-purpose inverter can be used. Further, in the rotating machine X of the present embodiment, since sinusoidal excitation can be used, it can be driven by a pulse power source used when the number of stator teeth 12 and the number of rotor teeth 22 is the same. Rich in versatility.

  Further, the rotating machine X of the present embodiment includes a plurality of sets of permanent magnets 14 and field windings 15 arranged at a predetermined distance in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction A of the stator core 11, Specifically, a total of 6 sets are arranged, and a stator tooth 12 in which a stator winding 13 is wound between each set of permanent magnets 14 and field windings 15 is provided, and each stator winding 13 is connected to U, V, By dividing the three phases of W into three-phase alternating currents that are 120 degrees out of phase with each of the stator windings 13, a rotating magnetic field is generated and rotational torque can be obtained. And the torque by all the phase currents becomes a positive direction, the combined torque is large, and the torque pulsation is small.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above. For example, the rotating machine of each of the above-described embodiments can be rotated in a state where a wind power generator, a forklift, a heavy load transport motor, or a heavy object is placed, for example, other than an aircraft starter generator. Generators and motors (motors) that require low-speed and high-torque output, such as turntables, VSCF (variable speed and constant voltage power supply devices), large generators, turning motors for construction machinery, etc. Can be used as

  Further, the stator core and the rotor core may be a laminated body formed by laminating magnetic plate-like members, or may be a lump that is one block as a whole.

  The number of sets of permanent magnets and field windings arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction of the stator core can be appropriately changed.

  The number of stator teeth and the pitch may be changed according to the number of sets of permanent magnets and field windings, and an appropriate multiphase AC rotating machine other than three-phase may be configured according to the number of stator teeth. Absent.

  Further, the number of rotor teeth and the pitch between teeth adjacent in the circumferential direction can be appropriately changed.

  The outer edge shape (the shape of the radially outward surface) and the inner edge shape (the shape of the radially inward surface) of the stator core are not limited to the shapes shown in the above embodiment, and may be a polygonal shape such as a quadrangle, The shape of the radially outward surface and the shape of the radially inward surface may be different from each other.

  Furthermore, an outer movable type rotating machine in which the rotor is disposed on the radially outer side of the rotating shaft with respect to the stator can be configured. In this case, a frame (rotor support member) that rotatably supports the rotor with respect to the stator rotates integrally with the rotor. Even when an outer movable rotating machine is employed, the same operational effects as the above-described operational effects can be obtained by configuring each part according to the above-described embodiment.

  In addition, the specific configuration of each part is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stator 11 ... Stator iron core (stator core)
12 ... Stator teeth 13 ... Stator winding 14 ... Permanent magnet 15 ... Field winding 2 ... Rotor 21 ... Rotor core (rotor core)
22 ... Rotor pole
3 ... Rotor support member (shaft)
X ... Rotating machine

Claims (4)

The rotating machine includes a stator, a rotor that is coaxially arranged with the stator and that forms a magnetic gap with the stator, and a rotor support portion that rotatably supports the rotor with respect to the stator. And
The stator is
Between the ring-shaped stator core, the permanent magnets that are respectively provided at predetermined locations in the stator core and have magnetism in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the stator core. A plurality of field windings that pass a DC current that is wound and generates a magnetic flux in a direction opposite to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnets adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the stator core and the field windings. Stator teeth projecting toward the rotor in between, and stator windings wound around the stator teeth and energized with an alternating current, and the stator windings wound around the opposing stator teeth are set in phase with each other And
The rotor is
A ring-shaped rotor core, and a number of rotor poles that protrude from the rotor core toward the stator and have a different number from the stator teeth at an equal pitch in the circumferential direction;
The magnetic flux of each permanent magnet that passes through the interior of the stator without passing through the magnetic gap in a state where no current is passed through each field winding is generated by passing a current in a predetermined direction through each field winding. A rotating machine characterized in that it can be changed to a magnetic flux passing through the magnetic gap and the rotor together with the magnetic flux of each field winding. The rotating machine according to claim 1, comprising 3n (n is a positive integer excluding zero) sets of the permanent magnet and the field winding in the circumferential direction of the stator core. The rotating machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotor is disposed radially inside the rotating shaft with respect to the stator. The rotating machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is disposed radially outside the rotating shaft with respect to the stator.

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