JP6488443B1 - Water supply method and water supply apparatus for crops - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
As an agricultural technique, there is a method in which a small amount of water or a small amount of nutrient solution is repeatedly applied to crops. In this case, a power source, a pump, a timer, a tube, a nozzle, etc. are used.
[Solution]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method in which a nozzle is not used is used. A method of dropping water or nutrient solution by installing a gentle down-gradient pipeline with water or nutrient solution flowing naturally and providing a number of drop holes at the bottom of the pipeline. In order to adjust the amount of water falling from this drop hole, a rectifying pipe is provided, a holed piece is installed in this, and the size of the hole in the holed piece and the water pressure acting on the holed piece are adjusted. It was set as the water supply method and its water supply apparatus.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

 The present invention relates to a water supply method and a water supply device for cultivating vegetables such as tomatoes, eggplants and cucumbers and fruit trees (hereinafter referred to as crops) such as strawberries, apples and grapes.

  When trying to obtain high-quality agricultural products using advanced agricultural technology, there is a method in which a small amount of water and a small amount of nutrient solution having a proper concentration are repeatedly applied to the crop many times. In the present application, a small amount of water and a small amount of nutrient solution having an appropriate concentration are simply referred to as a small amount of water. Further, water and a nutrient solution having an appropriate concentration are simply referred to as water. When cultivating such crops, the water supply method and the water supply apparatus become an important issue.

JP-A-9-107827

Modern Agriculture General Association of Agriculture, Mountain and Fishing Village August 1998 P, 286

  The operation of repeatedly supplying a small amount of water to a crop many times is not performed directly by a person, but is generally performed by a water tank, a power source, a pump, a timer, a tube, a nozzle, and the like. However, this nozzle may become clogged. This is shown in paragraph (0004) of Patent Document 1 and P, 286 of Non-Patent Document 1, in which there are two systems of brine.

  One of means for solving the above-mentioned problem is disclosed in Patent Document 1. The paragraph (0020) shows a specific example using a non-woven fabric. Nonwoven fabrics cause dandruff due to nutrient solution, but can be used repeatedly if washed. Moreover, the cost does not increase so much even if it is replaced with a new one because of its low cost. Moreover, even if the nonwoven fabric is of the same size, the amount of dripping varies, but the problem is reduced if an extremely large amount or a small amount is removed by conducting a test in advance. Although these problems are relatively small, they become troublesome as the area increases. In the present application, studies have been made to solve these problems.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present application does not use a nozzle and does not use a non-woven fabric. As shown in FIG. 1, a pipe 1 having a gentle downward slope of 1/100 (1 cm per 100 cm) to 1/50 (1 cm per 50 cm) in which water flows naturally is installed. Many drop holes 2 for dropping water are provided at the bottom at appropriate intervals. When using a ready-made product, the pipe 1 uses a hard vinyl chloride pipe 3 (hereinafter referred to as a vinyl chloride pipe 3), and the drop hole 2 uses the T-shaped cheese 4 of the accessory with the convex portion facing downward. Let it be a drop hole. A drawing substitute photograph of the PVC pipe 3 and the cheese 4 is shown in FIG. The scale of the pipe 1 in FIG. 1 in the vertical direction is enlarged and displayed.

  An elbow 5 is installed at the upper end (left side) of the pipe line 1 and water is injected therein. A drawing-substituting photograph including an enlarged portion of the elbow 5 is shown in FIG. A container 6 is installed at the end of the pipeline 1 to collect excess water, and send it to the original water tank with a pump and a hose for reuse. It is divided into water that falls at the intersection of cheese 4 and one that flows further downstream. This ratio is unstable due to the gradient of the pipeline 1, the flow rate of water, the diameter of the tube, and the like.

In order to stabilize this, a rectifying tube 10 comprising a short tube 7, a socket 8 and a rectifying perforated piece 9 is used below the cheese 4. This is shown in FIG. (A) is the sectional view, and (b) is a plan view of the rectifying perforated piece 9. The rectifying perforated piece 9 and the socket 8 are connected with each other by using the fact that the tube thickness of the socket 8 has a taper that is thicker inside than the end, and the inner diameter is gradually reduced. The contact portion with the straightening holed piece 9 is fixed with an adhesive. The amount of water flowing down is adjusted according to the size of the hole 11 at the center of the rectifying perforated piece 9. The thing of FIG. 4 is also shown in the drawing substitute photograph of FIG.

  The adjustment of the amount of water flowing down can be adjusted by the water pressure applied to the rectifying perforated piece 9 separately from the method of adjusting by the size of the hole 11. The distance H from the upper end of the bottom surface of the intersecting portion of the cheese 4 to the upper surface of the rectifying perforated piece 9 is adjusted by changing the length of the short tube 7 as indicated by a display H in FIG. A specific example of this adjustment is shown with numerical values in the following (Mode for Carrying Out the Invention).

  The water dropped from the socket 8 is received by the lower short tube 12, contained in the receiving portion 13, and given to the crop by the tube 14 provided below the side surface of the receiving portion 13. Or it gives to a crop by the principle of siphon by the reverse V-shaped tube 15. These are shown in FIG. There may be a plurality of tubes 14 and inverted V-shaped tubes 15 in addition to each one as shown in FIG.

  Next, it will be described that the pipe 1 is not horizontal but has a slope. To install the pipe line 1 accurately and horizontally without error, it takes a great deal of labor, cost and time, whether it is supported from below or hung from above. In addition, even if it is installed horizontally correctly, it may swing up and down due to ground subsidence and deformation of the house framework due to wind.

Assume that the distance between the fulcrums is 1m, there is a drop hole at each fulcrum, and one fulcrum is 3mm lower than the fulcrum on both sides. A VP PVC pipe with a length of 2 m and an inner diameter of 13 mm was installed horizontally, and the volume of the water after standing by injecting water of 3 mm at the center and injecting water was measured to be 110 ml. In the case of a VU PVC pipe having an inner diameter of 44 mm (nominal diameter 40 mm), the volume is 130 ml . The state of the flexure is shown in FIG. A, B and C are the fulcrums of each. Deflection at point B, that is, settlement is indicated by T. The scale in the vertical direction is enlarged and displayed.

  When the pipeline is installed horizontally and water is allowed to flow from the high inlet to the pipeline, the water remains in the sinked portion even after the flow is finished. More water remains in the subsidence than in other parts where there is no subsidence. The amount of water supplied to a crop once per place varies, but it is often around 200 to 300 ml. For this reason, the above values of 110 ml and 130 ml are 55% to 65% for 200 ml and 36% to 43% for 300 ml.

  By providing a gradient in the pipe line 1, errors due to the sinking of the fulcrum can be eliminated. For example, FIG. 6 shows a case where the gradient is 1/100, the fulcrum interval is 1 m, and the settlement is 3 mm. The scale in the vertical direction is enlarged and displayed. When the distance between fulcrum A and fulcrum C is 200cm and the slope is 1/100, it is 20mm lower at point D below point C than point A, and 10mm lower at point E below center B. 10 mm higher. If the pipe line 1 with a subsidence (a to b) of 3 mm is installed here, there is a margin of 7 mm (b to c). As a result, even if the fulcrum sinks, the slope can be secured and the water flows normally. In addition, the accuracy of setting the gradient to 1/100 compared to the case where it is installed horizontally has a margin of error, and construction is easy.

 When installing an irrigation device for agricultural cultivation, a nozzle using a power source, pump, timer, tube, nozzle, etc. may be clogged. This time, the nozzle was not used. This makes it possible to produce crops safely and cheaply.

It is the whole side view which shows the pipe line etc. of this invention. This photo is a substitute for a drawing showing a PVC pipe, cheese, short pipe, socket, rectifying perforated piece, and lower short pipe. (A) is an exploded view (b) is a completed drawing. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows an elbow and its enlarged part and a PVC pipe. a) is an exploded view and FIG. It is cheese, a short pipe, a socket, a rectifying perforated piece, a lower short pipe, each sectional view and receiving part, a tube, an explanatory view of an inverted V-shaped tube, and a plan view of a rectifying perforated piece. It is explanatory drawing of subsidence of the pipe line installed horizontally. It is explanatory drawing which eliminates the error by subsidence of a pipe line. It is Table 1 of the amount of drops.

  Use a VP PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 13 mm, use 8 pieces with a length of 95 cm, use 7 pieces of cheese to connect them and an elbow as an injection hole. A PVC pipe is connected to both ends of the cheese, and the center distance is 1 m for both cheeses. A pipeline with a total length of 8 m is installed, and the gradient of this pipeline is set to 1/100. Install an elbow at one end of the higher pipe and inject water. With the convex part of cheese facing down, water is dropped from here to form a drop hole. These are described in (Means for Solving the Problems) and Side View of (FIG. 1), Drawing Substitute Photographs of (FIG. 2) and (FIG. 3), and Cross-sectional View of FIG. Is.

  The minimum amount of falling water is when water starts to fall from the end of the pipeline. If the injection of water is stopped at this time, the water falls sequentially from the NO1 dropping hole on the left side. Specifically, the injection volume was 2.5 liters and the injection time was 30 seconds. The size of the holes in the rectifying holed piece was 2.5 mm at all seven locations. The result is shown in the first row of Table 1 in FIG. This result shows that the NO1 on the left side close to the injection hole has a high water pressure, so the amount of fall is large. In order to correct this, the hole size of the NO1 rectifying holed piece was reduced from 2.5 mm to 2.0 mm.

  Moreover, since NO6 and NO7 on the end side have low water pressure, the amount of fall is small. In order to correct this, for NO6 and NO7, the water pressure was increased by changing the distance H from the upper end of the bottom of the cheese intersection shown in FIG. 4 to the upper surface of the rectifying perforated piece from 60 mm to 100 mm.

  The drop amount and the end drop amount after the above two corrections are shown in the third row of Table 1. The second line shows the ratio between the average value of the fall amount before correction on the first line and the average value of each drop quantity in%. The fourth line shows the ratio between the average value of the corrected fall amount on the third line and the average value of each drop quantity in%.

  The error can be further reduced by correcting the size of the hole in the hole and the distance H from the upper end of the bottom surface of the cheese intersection to the upper surface of the straightening holed piece. As another method, materials prepared by experimenting in various cases are prepared in advance, and using this material makes the work easier. When the amount of each drop is further increased, the injection amount and the drop time are increased. When the injection amount and the drop time were doubled, the flow was stabilized and each drop amount was almost doubled.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pipe line 2 Fall hole 3 Hard vinyl chloride pipe 4 Cheese 5 Elbow 6 Container 7 Short pipe 8 Socket 9 Rectification perforation piece 10 Rectification pipe 11 Hole part 12 Lower short pipe 13 Receiving part 14 Tube 15 Reverse V type tube

Claims (2)

Install a pipeline with a downward slope of 1/100 (1 cm per 100 cm) to 1/50 (1 cm per 50 cm) , where water or nutrient solution (hereinafter simply referred to as water) flows down, and the length of this pipeline In order to allow water to fall with a gap in the direction, a large number of cheeses are installed with the convex part of the cheese facing downward, and a straightening tube, a socket, and a rectifying tube made of rectifying holes are installed under each cheese, this rectifying tube Method 1 of adjusting the amount of water falling from the top is to increase or decrease the size of the rectifying perforated piece . Method 2 is to increase or decrease the distance from the top of the bottom of the cheese to the top of the perforated piece. There is a method of adjusting the water pressure to adjust the amount of falling water, using either one or both of method 1 or method 2, and water from the higher end of the pipeline The water supply method for the crop to be injected. Install a pipeline with a downward slope of 1/100 (1 cm per 100 cm) to 1/50 (1 cm per 50 cm) , where water or nutrient solution (hereinafter simply referred to as water) flows down, and the length of this pipeline In order to allow water to fall with a gap in the direction, a large number of cheeses are installed with the convex part of the cheese facing downward, and a straightening tube, a socket, and a rectifying tube made of rectifying holes are installed under each cheese, this rectifying tube There is a configuration that increases or decreases the size of the hole of the rectifying holed piece as a configuration 1 that adjusts the amount of water falling from the bottom, and a configuration 2 that increases or decreases the distance from the upper end of the bottom surface of the cheese to the upper surface of the perforated piece. There is a configuration that adjusts the water pressure to adjust the amount of falling water, and either one of configuration 1 or configuration 2 or a configuration that uses both, and water is supplied from the higher end of the pipeline. Water supply equipment for crops to be injected.

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