JP6488306B2 - 生体組織に供給するために無線周波数エネルギーおよびマイクロ波エネルギーを生成するための電気手術装置 - Google Patents
生体組織に供給するために無線周波数エネルギーおよびマイクロ波エネルギーを生成するための電気手術装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
・増幅器からの出力コネクタ、
・導波管アイソレータ202、
・容量構造体(DCブレーク)204、
・信号合成器(ダイプレクサ)203、
・上述の構成要素間の接続構造体(例えば、同軸接合部)230、232、その他、
・ケーブルと生成器の出力との間の接続228、
・電気手術用ツールの近位端部における接続、
・同軸ケーブル内の欠陥、
である。
−より高いパワー出力と、
−前方向および逆方向検出器の感度と、
−出力増幅器から出力される信号を監視する際における生成器ノイズの低減と、
が、存在する。
(1)結合器の低い指向性と、
(2)ケーブルによるプローブからの反射信号の顕著な減衰(この減衰により、信号が、コネクタおよび伝達ラインにおける他の構成要素から反射された他の小さい信号と、および循環器を通る前方向信号のブレークスルーとも、互角のものとなる。結合器の指向性が低いために、逆方向信号ラインの終端からの反射からのブレークスルーも存在し得る。そのために、簡単な出力検出器を使用してプローブからの信号を正確に測定することが非常に困難なものとなる)と、
(3)循環器からの反射と、循環器を通る逆方向信号のブレークスルーと(これらの両方は前方向信号よりも15dBしか低くない)、による、前方向検出器信号の汚染(これは、検出器結合器の低い指向性により悪化されたものである)と、
を解決することを目指すものである。
−直交検出器が2つの入力(すなわち測定される信号および基準信号)を必要とすること、
−直交検出器が2つの出力を有すること(2つの出力は位相が90°(すなわち基準信号の周波数において1サイクルの1/4)ずれている)、
−出力信号のうちの各信号は、入力電圧に比例し、出力には比例しないこと、
という点において、2乗検出器と顕著に異なる。
Claims (35)
- 生体組織を切除するための電気手術装置であって、前記電気手術装置は、
第1周波数を有するRF電磁(EM)放射を生成するための無線周波数(RF)信号生成器と、
前記第1周波数よりも高い第2周波数を有するマイクロ波EM放射を生成するためのマイクロ波信号生成器と、
前記RF・EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射を別個にまたは同時にその遠位端部から供給するよう構成されたプローブと、
前記RF・EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射を前記プローブに伝達するためのフィード構造体であって、前記プローブを前記RF信号生成器に接続するためのRFチャネル、および前記プローブを前記マイクロ波信号生成器に接続するためのマイクロ波チャネルを含む、フィード構造体と、
を含み、
前記RFチャネルは前記RF信号生成器からの物理的に分離した信号経路を含み、前記マイクロ波チャネルは前記マイクロ波信号生成器からの物理的に分離した信号経路を含み、
前記フィード構造体は、前記RFチャネル上の別個の信号経路に接続された第1入力と、前記マイクロ波チャネル上の別個の信号経路に接続された第2入力と、前記プローブへの単一チャネルに沿って別個にまたは同時に前記RF・EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射を伝達するために共通信号経路に接続された出力と、を有する組み合わせ回路を含み、
前記マイクロ波チャネルは、前記マイクロ波チャネル上の別個の信号経路を前記RF・EM放射から分離するために接続された導波管アイソレータを含み、
前記導波管アイソレータは調節可能なインピーダンスを有する、電気手術装置。 - 前記導波管アイソレータは、前記導波管アイソレータのインピーダンスを変化させるよう調節可能である調整部分を含む、請求項1に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記調整部分は、前記導波管アイソレータへと調節可能に挿入可能である複数の調整突出部を含む、請求項2に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記導波管アイソレータは、伝導性入力区域、前記入力区域と噛み合って、それにより入力区域および出力区域により囲まれた体積内で導波管キャビティを画成する伝導性出力区域、および前記入力区域と前記出力区域との間に配置されたDC分離障壁、を含み、
前記共通信号経路上の出力は、信号導体およびグラウンド導体を含み、
前記フィード構造体は、前記共通信号経路上の出力のグラウンド導体と前記導波管アイソレータの伝導性入力区域との間に容量構造体を含み、前記容量構造体は、前記RF・EMエネルギーの結合および前記マイクロ波EMエネルギーの漏出を防止するよう構成されている、
請求項1乃至3のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。 - 前記容量構造体は、DC分離障壁と、前記導波管アイソレータの入力区域上に形成されたマイクロ波チョークと、により提供される、請求項4に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記導波管アイソレータの内側区域および外側区域は円筒体を画成し、前記マイクロ波チョークは、導波管アイソレータの内側区域の遠位端部から軸方向に延長する環状チャネルを画成する、請求項5に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記DC分離障壁は、前記導波管アイソレータの内側区域と外側区域との間に取り付けられた硬質絶縁スペーサ要素を含む、請求項4乃至6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記DC分離障壁は、前記硬質絶縁スペーサ要素の接続部における入力区域の内側表面の1部分上に取り付けられた絶縁膜を含む、請求項7に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記絶縁膜は、事前決定された距離だけ前記硬質絶縁スペーサ要素から離間する方向に延長する、請求項8に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記組み合わせ回路は前記導波管アイソレータと一体化されている、請求項1乃至9のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記共通信号経路に接続された出力は前記導波管アイソレータの出力区域上に取り付けられた出力プローブを含み、前記出力プローブは、前記導波管アイソレータからのマイクロ波EMエネルギーと結合するために前記導波管アイソレータ内に延長する結合導体を有し、前記第1入力は前記導波管アイソレータ上に取り付けられたRFコネクタを含み、前記RFコネクタは、前記出力プローブの結合導体と電気的に接触するために前記導波管キャビティ内に延長する信号導体を有する、請求項4に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記信号導体の位置は、前記導波管アイソレータ内のマイクロ波EM場の等ポテンシャルに沿って延長する、請求項11に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記導波管アイソレータ内に延長する出力プローブの結合導体の近位部分は絶縁スリーブにより包囲されている、請求項11または12に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記導波管アイソレータ内に延長するRFコネクタの信号導体の近位部分は絶縁スリーブにより包囲されている、請求項11乃至13のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記マイクロ波EMエネルギーが前記RFコネクタの信号導体を通って前記導波管アイソレータから漏出することを防止するために前記RFコネクタ上に取り付けられたマイクロ波チョークを含む、請求項11乃至14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記マイクロ波チョークは放射状または円筒形である、請求項15に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記RFチャネルは制御可能に調節可能であるリアクタンスを含む、請求項1乃至16のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記調節可能なリアクタンスは、前記RFチャネルに選択可能に切り替え可能であるキャパシタンスまたはインダクタンスを含む、請求項17に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記調節可能なリアクタンスは電気的に調整可能なキャパシタンスまたは電気的に調整可能なインダクタンスである、請求項17に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記容量構造体は前記導波管アイソレータと直列に接続された同軸アイソレータを含む、請求項4に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記組み合わせ回路は、マイクロストリップ・ダイプレクサ回路を含む、請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記RFチャネルは、マイクロ波EM放射が前記RFチャネル上の別個の信号経路に進入することをブロックするために、前記RFチャネル上の別個の信号経路と前記組み合わせ回路との間に接続されたローパス、バンドパス、バンドストップ、またはノッチ・フィルタを含む、請求項21に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記RF・EM放射および前記マイクロ波EM放射に対するエネルギー供給プロファイルを選択するよう動作可能である制御器を含む、請求項1乃至22のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記RFチャネル上の電流および電圧をサンプリングすること、およびそれにより、前記電流と前記電圧との間の位相差を示すRF検出信号を生成することを行うためのRF信号検出器を含み、前記制御器は、前記RF検出信号を受け取るために前記RF信号検出器と通信し、前記RF検出信号に基づいて前記RF・EM放射に対するエネルギー供給プロファイルを選択するよう構成されている、請求項23に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記マイクロ波チャネル上で前方向出力および反射出力をサンプリングすること、およびそれにより、前記プローブにより供給されるマイクロ波出力の大きさおよび/または位相を示すマイクロ波検出信号を生成することを行うためのマイクロ波信号検出器を含み、前記制御器は、前記マイクロ波検出信号を受け取るために前記マイクロ波信号検出器と通信し、前記マイクロ波検出信号に基づいて前記マイクロ波EM放射に対するエネルギー供給プロファイルを選択するよう構成されている、請求項23または24に記載の電気手術装置。
- 前記プローブの遠位端部は、第2導体から空間的に離間された第1導体を含むバイポーラ放出構造体を含み、前記第1導体および前記第2導体は、
それぞれ、伝導により前記RF・EM放射を伝達するすための活性電極および帰還電極として、
放射により前記マイクロ波EM放射を伝達するためのアンテナまたはインピーダンス変成器として、
動作するよう構成されている、請求項1乃至25のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。 - 前記第1周波数は、10kHz乃至300Mhzの範囲の安定した固定周波数であり、前記第2周波数は300Mhz乃至100GHzの範囲の安定した固定周波数であり、前記第2周波数のオーダーは前記第1周波数のオーダーよりも少なくとも高い、請求項1乃至26のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電気手術装置。
- 生体組織を切除するための電気手術装置のための分離回路であって、前記分離回路は、
RFチャネルから第1周波数を有する無線周波数(RF)電磁(EM)放射を受け取るために接続可能な第1入力と、マイクロ波チャネルから前記第1周波数よりも高い第2周波数を有するマイクロ波EM放射を受け取るために接続可能である第2入力と、RF・EM放射およびマイクロ波EM放射を共通信号経路に伝達するために第1入力および第2入力と通信する出力と、を有する組み合わせ回路、および、
前記マイクロ波チャネルを前記RF・EM放射から分離するために接続された導波管アイソレータ、
を含み、
前記導波管アイソレータは、伝導性入力区域、前記入力区域と噛み合って、それにより入力区域および出力区域により囲まれた体積内で導波管キャビティを画成する伝導性出力区域、および前記入力区域と前記出力区域との間に配置されたDC分離障壁、を含み、
前記組み合わせ回路からの出力は、信号導体およびグラウンド導体を含み、
前記分離回路は、前記組み合わせ回路からの出力のグラウンド導体と前記導波管アイソレータの伝導性入力区域との間に容量構造体を含み、前記容量構造体は、前記RF・EMエネルギーの結合および前記マイクロ波EMエネルギーの漏出を防止するよう構成され、
前記導波管アイソレータは調節可能なインピーダンスを有する、分離回路。 - 前記導波管アイソレータは、前記導波管アイソレータのインピーダンスを変化させるよう調節可能である調整部分を含む、請求項28に記載の分離回路。
- 前記調整部分は、前記導波管アイソレータへと調節可能に挿入可能である複数の調整突出部を含む、請求項29に記載の分離回路。
- 共通信号経路に接続された出力は、前記導波管アイソレータの出力区域上に取り付けられた出力プローブを含み、前記出力プローブは、前記導波管アイソレータからのマイクロ波EMエネルギーと結合するために前記導波管アイソレータ内に延長する結合導体を有し、
前記第1入力は前記導波管アイソレータ上に取り付けられたRFコネクタを含み、前記RFコネクタは、前記出力プローブの結合導体と電気的に接触するために前記導波管キャビティ内に延長する信号導体を有し、
前記信号導体の位置は、前記導波管アイソレータ内のマイクロ波EMエネルギーの等ポテンシャルに沿って位置合わせされている、
請求項28乃至30のうちのいずれか1項に記載の分離回路。 - 前記導波管アイソレータ内に延長する出力プローブの結合導体の近位部分は絶縁スリーブにより包囲されている、請求項31に記載の分離回路。
- 前記導波管アイソレータ内に延長するRFコネクタの信号導体の近位部分は絶縁スリーブにより包囲されている、請求項31または32に記載の分離回路。
- 前記マイクロ波EMエネルギーが前記RFコネクタの信号導体を通って前記導波管アイソレータから漏出することを防止するために前記RFコネクタ上に取り付けられたマイクロ波チョークを含む、請求項31乃至33のうちのいずれか1項に記載の分離回路。
- 前記マイクロ波チョークは放射状または円筒形である、請求項34に記載の分離回路。
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WO2015087051A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
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BR112016013232B1 (pt) | 2022-05-10 |
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AU2014363209A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
KR102393009B1 (ko) | 2022-04-29 |
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GB201421526D0 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
BR112016013232A2 (ja) | 2017-08-08 |
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ES2666997T3 (es) | 2018-05-09 |
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