JP6484089B2 - Vibration prediction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vibration prediction method for predicting vibrations that accompany blasting.

  In tunnel excavation work, the blasting method is adopted when the rock (face) to be excavated is extremely hard. In the blasting method, a plurality of charge holes are drilled in the face, the explosives are loaded into the charge holes, and the explosives are exploded simultaneously or sequentially. The object is crushed by this explosion. When there are houses and structures in the vicinity, countermeasures against vibration caused by the blasting method are important.

  As described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below, techniques for predicting vibrations that accompany blasting are known. In the construction method described in Patent Document 1, the ground vibration in the case of performing blasting a plurality of times as the main blasting is predicted based on the actual measurement result of the ground vibration due to the test blasting. In the prediction of ground vibration generated in this blasting, first, individual ground vibrations generated by each blasting are predicted, and these ground vibrations are synthesized in consideration of the time difference of each blasting. The position of the test blast is provided in the vicinity of the blast hole of the main blast, and the charge amount and the charge depth in the test blast are adjusted to any one of a plurality of blasts scheduled for the main blast. The prediction of the individual ground vibration is performed based on the actual measurement result of the ground vibration due to the test blasting and the relationship (for example, proportional relationship) between the amount of charge and the ground vibration. In addition, as an application example, there is described a method of performing vibration prediction based on multiple times of test blasting, actually performing test blasting under the same conditions as this prediction, actually measuring ground vibration, and obtaining a correction coefficient from these results. Yes.

  In the construction method described in Patent Document 2, slots are formed in the side portions of the plurality of charge holes provided on the face to be blasted, the distance between the charge holes closest to the slot, and the charge holes. The interval between them is the same constant distance, and a test explosion is performed to record vibration waves. Based on the vibration wave data, a delay time interval is set and simulation vibration data is generated. Then, these data are overlapped to generate simulation composite data. A plurality of simulation synthesized data is generated by changing the delay second time interval, a delayed second time interval corresponding to the synthesized data having the smallest maximum amplitude is obtained, and this delayed second time interval is adopted as an optimum initiation second time interval.

JP-A-11-181753 JP 2001-21300 A

  In the conventional method described above, vibration is measured by performing test blasting, and vibration in future blasting is predicted based on the measurement result. However, when predicting the vibration of the future blast, the relationship between the charge amount and the vibration is used, or the same vibration as the test blast is only used for the simulation, so the points that can be predicted are It becomes a limited point.

  An object of this invention is to provide the vibration prediction method which can predict the vibration in the predetermined point which arises with future blasting.

The vibration prediction method of the present invention is a vibration prediction method for predicting a stepped vibration wave at a predetermined point around a planned blasting region, which is caused by a stepped blasting at a plurality of detonation holes provided in the planned blasting region in the future. A measurement step of performing at least one single blast in at least one blasting region and measuring a basic single wave at at least one measurement point around the blasting region, and a basic single vibration wave measured in the measurement step The size of multiple predicted single-shot vibration waves at a given point that accompanies a single blast at the initiation hole, using the size of each and the charge amount of each of the initiation hole and the respective distance from the initiation hole to the given point In the creation process that creates multiple predicted single vibration waves based on the calculated multiple magnitudes and the waveform of the basic single vibration wave measured in the measurement process, A plurality of prediction single vibration wave form, by superimposing in accordance with the set detonated order and configured detonated seconds time difference, seen including a calculation step of calculating the size of the stage onset vibration wave, and the measurement process, A plurality of basic single vibration waves are measured by having at least one of the blasting area, the number of single blasts, and the measurement points. In the creation process, the waveform of the plurality of basic single vibration waves measured in the measurement process is measured. Using all or part and the respective distances from the detonation hole to the predetermined point, further calculate a plurality of predicted single vibration waveforms, and based on the calculated multiple sizes and multiple waveforms, It is characterized by creating a predicted single oscillation wave .

In this vibration prediction method, a single blast is performed in the blast execution region, and a basic single vibration wave is measured at a measurement point. Next, based on the measured magnitude (for example, amplitude) of the basic single vibration wave, the magnitude (for example, amplitude) of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves at a predetermined point when single blasting is performed in the blast scheduled region. Etc.) is calculated. For the calculation of the predicted single vibration wave, the amount of each charge of the blast hole provided in the blast scheduled region and the distance from the blast hole to a predetermined point are used. When blasting in a certain formation is considered, the magnitude of the vibration wave that can be generated by blasting has a correlation with the amount of charge and the distance. By using this correlation, the magnitudes of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves can be accurately calculated. Further, a plurality of predicted single vibration waves are created based on the magnitude of the predicted single vibration wave and the waveform of the basic single vibration wave. In this way, by using the magnitude and waveform, which are the two aspects related to the basic single oscillation wave, it is possible to accurately estimate the predicted single oscillation wave when blasting is performed in the blast scheduled region. These predicted single vibration waves are superimposed according to the explosion sequence and the time difference of the explosion seconds, and the magnitude of the step vibration wave is calculated. Can be predicted. Each of the distances from the detonation hole to the predetermined point is added to the calculation of the magnitude and waveform of the plurality of predicted single vibration waves, so that the plurality of predicted single vibration waves can be calculated with higher accuracy.

  In the measurement process, a plurality of basic single vibration waves are measured based on at least one of the blasting area, the number of single blasts, and the measurement points. In the creation process, the magnitudes of the plurality of basic single vibration waves are measured. The coefficient of the approximate function between the charge amount of the detonation hole provided in the blasting area and the distance from the detonation hole to the measurement point is obtained, and using the obtained coefficient, multiple predicted single vibration waves The size may be calculated. Based on multiple fundamental single vibration waves, the coefficient of the approximate function indicating the correlation between the amount of charge and distance and the basic single vibration wave is obtained, so the multiple predicted single vibration waves can be calculated more accurately. can do.

The vibration prediction method of the present invention is a vibration prediction method for predicting a stepped vibration wave at a predetermined point around a planned blasting region, which is caused by a stepped blasting at a plurality of detonation holes provided in the planned blasting region in the future. A measuring step of performing at least one single blast in at least one blasting region and measuring a plurality of basic single vibration waves at at least one measurement point around the blasting region, and a plurality of basics measured in the measuring step Using all or part of the single oscillation wave waveform and each distance from the initiation hole to the specified point, calculate the waveforms of multiple predicted single oscillation waves at the specified point that occur as a result of the single explosion at the initiation hole. Based on the calculated multiple waveforms and the magnitude of the basic single vibration wave measured in the measurement process, a creation process for creating a plurality of predicted single vibration waves and a creation process were created. The predicted single vibration wave number, by overlaying in accordance with the set detonated order and configured detonated seconds time difference, seen including a calculation step, a calculating the size of the stage onset vibration wave, the creating step, measuring step Using the magnitudes of the multiple basic single oscillation waves measured in (1) above, the respective charge amounts of the initiation hole, and the respective distances from the initiation hole to the predetermined point, at a predetermined point that occurs with a single blast at the initiation hole. It is characterized by further calculating the magnitudes of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves, and generating a plurality of predicted single vibration waves based on the calculated plurality of waveforms and the plurality of magnitudes .

In this vibration prediction method, single blasting is performed in the blasting region, and a plurality of basic single vibration waves are measured at the measurement point. Next, based on the measured waveforms of a plurality of basic single vibration waves, waveforms of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves at a predetermined point when single blasting is performed in the blasting scheduled region are calculated. For the calculation of the predicted single oscillation wave, all or a part of the waveforms of the plurality of basic single oscillation waves and the respective distances from the initiation hole provided in the blasting planned area to a predetermined point are used. When blasting in a certain formation is considered, the waveform of the vibration wave that can be generated by blasting has a correlation with the distance from the detonation hole. By using this correlation, the waveforms of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves can be calculated with high accuracy. Further, a plurality of predicted single vibration waves are created based on the waveform of the predicted single vibration wave and the magnitude of the basic single vibration wave. In this way, by using the magnitude and waveform, which are the two aspects related to the basic single oscillation wave, it is possible to accurately estimate the predicted single oscillation wave when blasting is performed in the blast scheduled region. These predicted single vibration waves are superimposed according to the explosion sequence and the time difference of the explosion seconds, and the magnitude of the step vibration wave is calculated. Can be predicted. Each of the distances from the detonation hole to the predetermined point is added to the calculation of the waveforms and sizes of the plurality of predicted single vibration waves, so that the plurality of predicted single vibration waves can be calculated with higher accuracy.

  In the creation process, among the waveforms of the multiple basic single vibration waves measured in the measurement process, the two basic single vibration waves whose distance from the initiation hole provided in the blasting area to the measurement point is closest to the predetermined point The waveforms of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves may be calculated by interpolation or extrapolation using the above waveform. By using the waveforms of the two basic single vibration waves closest to the distance from the detonation hole in the blasting planned area to the predetermined point, it is possible to calculate the waveforms of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves more accurately.

  In the creation process, multiple basic single shots based on the difference between the distance from the initiation hole provided in the blasting area to the measurement point and the distance to the predetermined point in the waveforms of the multiple basic single vibration waves measured in the measurement process A plurality of predicted single vibration waves may be calculated by calculating a weighted average of the vibration wave waveforms. By obtaining a weighted average of the waveforms of the plurality of basic single oscillation waves based on the difference in distance from the initiation hole, the waveforms of the plurality of predicted single oscillation waves can be calculated with higher accuracy.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to predict a vibration at a predetermined point that occurs in association with a future blast.

It is a mimetic diagram showing a tunnel excavation field where a vibration prediction method concerning one embodiment of the present invention is used. It is a schematic diagram which shows the blasting pattern in the tunnel excavation site of FIG. It is an example of a vibration wave obtained by blasting combining single blasting and step blasting. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the vibration prediction method. It is a flowchart which shows the one part detail of the procedure of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the magnitude | size and waveform of one vibration wave. (A) is a figure which shows the waveform of a basic single oscillation wave, and the waveform of the prediction single oscillation wave calculated by the interpolation, (b) is the prediction calculated by the waveform of several basic single oscillation waves, and its weighted average. It is a figure which shows the waveform of a single oscillation wave. It is a figure which shows the approximated curve of several basic single oscillation waves. It is a figure for demonstrating the procedure in which the space | interval of a prediction single oscillation wave is shrunk | reduced to the explosion time difference, and it overlaps. (A) is a figure which shows typically the propagation path of the vibration from a several initiation hole to a measurement point, (b) is a figure which shows typically the arrival time to the measurement point of each vibration of (a). . It is the figure which contrasted the prediction and measurement of the vibration speed of the step vibration group at two predetermined points. It is the figure which contrasted the prediction of the frequency characteristic of the step vibration group, and actual measurement in two predetermined points.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the vibration prediction method of the present embodiment is applied to, for example, a blasting method in the formation 1 made of hard rock. This blasting method is applied to, for example, tunnel excavation in the formation 1. Tunnel excavation proceeds in a predetermined direction (indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1). The vibration prediction method according to the present embodiment, when performing tunnel excavation, causes a stepped vibration wave (for example, amplitude) at a predetermined point PZ around the face Aa, which is generated along with a step blast at the face Aa, which is a future blast scheduled area. Or vibration speed). The predetermined point to be subjected to vibration prediction is not particularly limited, and can be an arbitrary point around the face Aa. The predetermined point is, for example, a point where a house or other structure exists on the surface portion G above the face Aa. Measurement points P1 to P3 (details will be described later) shown in FIG. 1 may be set as predetermined points that are targets of vibration prediction.

  In the vibration prediction method according to the present embodiment, a plurality of vibration waves (vibration wave data) actually generated along with the blasting performed in tunnel TNL excavation are used to generate vibrations generated in the future stage blasting of tunnel TNL excavation. Predict. The “vibration wave” is a concept including size information that can be represented by amplitude, vibration speed, and the like, and waveform information.

  As shown in FIG. 2, when performing blasting, the face A is provided with a plurality of initiation holes 10. The plurality of detonation holes 10 form a plurality of detonation hole groups 101 to 108 for performing step-by-step blasting at the face A. The arrangement pattern of the initiation holes 10 shown in FIG. 2 is merely an example, and the number and arrangement pattern can be changed as appropriate (hereinafter, the concept including the number and arrangement pattern of the initiation holes 10 is referred to as “blasting pattern”). The number and arrangement of the plurality of initiation holes 10 can be determined based on a known method.

  The face A is further provided with one or a plurality of initiation holes 20 for single blasting. In the example shown in FIG. 2, one blasting hole 20 for single blasting is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the blasting hole groups 101, 102 provided at the center of the face A. In the vibration prediction method of the present embodiment, vibration data is collected in actual tunnel excavation, and the collected vibration data is used for prediction of vibrations that will occur in the future blasting. That is, one or more single-blast blast holes 20 are blast holes for collecting vibration data. In blasting the face A, at least one single blast using the initiation hole 20 is performed, and then, the initiation hole 10 (the initiation hole group 101 to 108) is used with a predetermined initiation time difference. Step-by-step blasting is performed (see FIG. 3). An interval of, for example, 100 ms or more is provided between single blasting and step blasting.

  In each detonation hole 10, 20, for example, a plurality of explosives (so-called parent die and increase die), a detonator provided in the back-side explosive (so-called parent die), and a container provided in front of the explosive And are provided. The amount of charge in each of the initiation holes 10 and 20 may be the same or different for each initiation hole. In the blasting method applied to the present embodiment, an electronic detonator capable of setting a detonation second in units of 1 ms is used. This electronic detonator has a function that allows the setting of the detonation seconds to be arbitrarily changed and set at the face A in accordance with the work performed at the face A. In this electronic detonator, for example, in the range of 1 ms to 30 ms, it is possible to set the time difference between the initiation seconds in units of 1 ms. By adopting an electronic detonator, step-by-step blasting can be performed with a high-accuracy time of detonation seconds. As a result, it is possible to accurately predict the vibration generated at the predetermined point PZ and reduce the vibration.

  With reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the procedure of the vibration prediction method of this embodiment is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 1, in excavation of a tunnel TNL, stepped blasting is sequentially performed at the face A1, A2, A3. While step-by-step blasting is performed and tunnel excavation proceeds, vibration waves from single-shot blasting are collected. The vibration wave is measured at at least one measurement point around the face A1, A2, A3. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 1, three measurement points P1 to P3 are set. When a plurality of measurement points are provided, a plurality of points that are separated in the traveling direction of tunnel excavation may be set as shown in FIG. 1, or a plurality of points that are separated in the direction intersecting the traveling direction are set May be. The measurement point can be arbitrarily set. A vibration meter is installed at each of the measurement points P1 to P3, and the vibration velocity (displacement velocity) generated in response to the blast of the face A1, A2, A3,. The amplitude may be measured by a vibration meter, or vibration acceleration (displacement acceleration) may be measured.

  As shown in FIG. 4, first, a vibration wave at an arbitrary point is measured by carrying out single blasting (step S1, measurement process). When the blasting pattern shown in FIG. 2 is adopted, the single blasting is performed twice, and then the step blasting is performed. The interval between the single blast and step blast, that is, the interval between the second single blast and the first blast hole group 101 blast is set to a certain time or more. Thereby, the single oscillation wave and the step oscillation wave are acquired in a state of being separated from each other (see FIG. 3). The single vibration wave is a vibration wave measured with a single blast, and the step vibration wave is a vibration wave measured with a step blast. As shown in FIG. 2, the vibration waves of the first two single blasts are obtained independently, and the vibration speed and waveform of each vibration wave are obtained. The vibration speed is obtained as the maximum value of the absolute value with reference to the zero point (for example, 0.328 kine and 0.143 kine in FIG. 3).

  There may be one initiation hole 20 for the face A, or three or more. Each time the working faces A1, A2, A3... And the working face A are changed, the position and the number of the initiation holes 20 may be changed. The position where the initiation hole 20 is provided in the face A is not particularly limited. When considering one measurement point P1, the distance from each initiation hole 20 to the measurement point P1 is different in the same face A. Also, the distance from each initiation hole 20 to the measurement point P1 is different depending on the progress of excavation with A1, A2, A3. Further, when a plurality of measurement points P1 to P3 are provided, a plurality of single vibration waves corresponding to the number of measurement points P1 to P3 are obtained for one single blast at the initiation hole 20. It can be said that the plurality of single vibration waves are vibration waves generated as a result of vibration propagating through each distance from the initiation hole 20 to the measurement points P1 to P3.

  Thus, in step S1, at least one single blast is performed on at least one face A, and single vibration waves at at least one measurement point P1 to P3 are measured. The single vibration wave measured in step S1 is referred to as a basic single vibration wave. When the face A where the basic single vibration wave is collected, the number of single blasts, and the measurement point are all one, the single single vibration wave to be collected is one. On the other hand, when at least one of the face A, the number of single blasts, and the measurement points is plural, a plurality of basic single vibration waves to be collected are plural. There may be one basic single oscillation wave, but a plurality of basic single oscillation waves are preferable.

  Subsequently, a plurality of vibration waves at a predetermined point PZ due to a single blast in the future is created (step S2, creation process). The single vibration wave created in step S2 is referred to as a predicted single vibration wave. The predicted single oscillation wave is created based on the magnitude and waveform of the basic single oscillation wave, the charge amount of the initiation hole corresponding to the fundamental single oscillation wave, and the distance from the initiation hole to the measurement point. Subsequently, a vibration wave at a predetermined point PZ due to future stage blasting of tunnel TNL excavation is predicted and evaluated (step S3). The vibration wave predicted and evaluated in step S3 is referred to as a step vibration wave. Hereinafter, each procedure of step S2 and step S3 will be described in detail.

  In step S2, steps S21 to S26 shown in FIG. 5 are performed. First, two or more basic single vibration waves are selected from the basic single vibration waves measured in step S1 (step S21). Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the vibration wave is measured as a change in magnitude with respect to time, and therefore can be expressed as a function of time. One vibration wave has an amplitude X and a waveform Y. In the vibration prediction method of the present embodiment, a predicted single vibration wave is calculated by paying attention to these two aspects of the vibration wave. The amplitude X may be replaced with another “size” index such as vibration speed or vibration acceleration, and the following procedure may be performed.

  Specifically, in step S21, among the plurality of basic single vibration waves measured in step S1, the distance from the initiation hole 20 of the face A where the single shot blasting has been performed to the measurement points P1 to P3 is each of the face Aa. Two basic single vibration waves closest to the distance from the initiation hole 10 to the predetermined point PZ are selected. For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, the measurement point A (having the distance da) and the measurement point B (having the distance db) have the closest distance to the distance dc of the predetermined point C. Basic fundamental oscillation waves a (t) and b (t) measured at these two points A and C are selected. Basic single vibration waves are selected for all the initiation holes 10 scheduled to be provided on the face Aa.

Next, a waveform at a predetermined point PZ is calculated based on the basic single oscillation wave selected in step S21 (step S22). Here, for example, the waveform of the predicted single vibration wave is calculated by interpolation or extrapolation using the waveforms of the two basic single vibration waves a (t) and b (t) selected as described above. In the example shown in FIG. 7A, a distance dc exists between the distance da and the distance db. In this case, the waveform c (t) of the predicted single oscillation wave is calculated by interpolation based on the following formula (1).

In addition, when the frequency spectra a (ω) and b (ω) are obtained in step S1, the frequency spectrum c () of the predicted single vibration wave by interpolation based on the following equation (2) using these frequency spectra. ω) may be calculated.

Further, when the distance dc between the distance da and the distance db is present, with respect to the measurement point B having a larger distance db than the distance dc of the predetermined point C, the difference between L ₂ of the distance is a negative value. Distance da and the distance when the distance dc between the db is not present, for example if the distance db of the measuring point B is smaller than the distance dc predetermined point C, the difference L ₂ of the distance becomes a positive value, the above equation (1 ) Represents an extrapolation. The same applies when using a frequency spectrum.

  Through the above steps S21 and S22, the waveform of the predicted single vibration wave is calculated based on the waveforms of two or more basic single vibration waves. The waveform of the predicted single oscillation wave is calculated for all the initiation holes 10 scheduled to be provided on the face Aa.

In addition, in said step S21, S22, the difference between the distance from the detonation hole 20 of the face A where the single blasting was carried out to the measurement points P1 to P3 and the distance from each detonation hole 10 of the face Aa to the predetermined point PZ The waveform of a plurality of predicted single oscillation waves may be calculated by obtaining a weighted average of the waveforms of a plurality of basic single oscillation waves based on the above. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7B, for example, the basic single oscillation waves a (t), b (t), d measured at points A, C, D close to the distance dc of the predetermined point C. (T) is selected. Based on the following formula (3), the waveform c (t) of the predicted single vibration wave is calculated by a weighted average based on the difference in distance.

When the frequency spectra a (ω), b (ω), and d (ω) are obtained in step S1, a predicted single vibration wave is predicted by a weighted average based on the following equation (4) using these frequency spectra. The frequency spectrum c (ω) may be calculated.

  Subsequently, an approximate curve of distance and vibration speed is calculated from the plurality of basic single vibration waves measured in step S1, and coefficients corresponding to the average vibration speed and the maximum vibration speed are calculated (step S23). In this step S23, the amount of charge in the detonation hole 20 of the face A where the single blasting has been performed and the distance from the detonation hole 20 to the measurement points P1 to P3 so as to give the magnitudes of a plurality of basic single oscillation waves. Find the coefficient of the approximate function. The approximate curve can be approximated by the approximate expression shown in FIG. Here, V is a vibration speed, R is a distance, and W is a charge amount of the initiation hole 20. α and β are coefficients. The horizontal axis SD means Scale Distance, which is a distance normalized by the charge amount to the 0.5th power.

Here, it is assumed that the vibration speed has a normal distribution with respect to a certain normalized distance SD. An approximate curve corresponding to the average vibration speed is an average approximate curve in a normal distribution (50% line, a line indicated by a solid line R in FIG. 8). Therefore, the coefficients α and β of the average approximate curve are calculated. The approximate curve corresponding to the maximum vibration speed is, for example, an approximate curve of 95% in the normal distribution (95% upper limit line). Therefore, the coefficients α and β of the approximate curve with a probability of 95% are calculated. In addition, the approximate expression shown in FIG. 8 is not limited, and an approximate expression of V = K · W ^m / R ⁿ may be used (K, m, and n are coefficients). As described above, the distribution of the magnitude of the vibration wave is obtained by using a plurality of seed waves (Multi Seed Wave).

  Next, the average vibration speed and the maximum vibration speed at the predetermined point PZ are calculated using the calculated coefficient (step S24). In this step S24, using the coefficients α and β of the average approximate curve calculated in step S23, the amount of charge in each initiation hole 10 of the face Aa, and the distance from the initiation hole 10 to the predetermined point PZ, 8 is used to calculate the magnitude (for example, vibration speed) of a predicted single vibration wave at a predetermined point PZ that is generated in association with the single explosion at the detonation hole 10. In addition, in the initiation hole 10 of the face A, a step-by-step blast is actually performed, but it is assumed that a single-shot blast is performed for the calculation here. Further, using the coefficients α and β of the approximate curve with a probability of 95% calculated in step S23, the amount of charge in each initiation hole 10 of the face Aa, and the distance from the initiation hole 10 to the predetermined point PZ, FIG. The magnitude (for example, vibration speed) of the predicted single vibration wave at the predetermined point PZ generated with the single explosion at the detonation hole 10 is calculated by the approximate expression shown in FIG. The average vibration speed and the maximum vibration speed of the predicted single-shot vibration wave are calculated for all the initiation holes 10 scheduled to be provided on the face Aa.

  Next, the charge amount of each initiation hole 10 is set as appropriate, and the vibration speeds of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves are calculated with the average vibration speed and the maximum vibration speed calculated in step S24 (step S24). S25). Thereby, the vibration speeds of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves having the same distribution (normal distribution) as the basic single vibration wave shown in FIG. 8 are calculated. Through the above steps S23 to S25, the magnitudes of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves are calculated based on the magnitudes of the plurality of basic single vibration waves. The magnitude of the predicted single vibration wave is calculated for all the initiation holes 10 scheduled to be provided on the face Aa.

  Next, a predicted single vibration wave is created based on the waveform of the predicted single vibration wave calculated in step S22 and the vibration velocity of the predicted single vibration wave calculated in step S25 (step S26, creation step). In step S26, the waveform of the predicted single vibration wave is widened or reduced so as to have the maximum vibration speed calculated in step S24.

  In step S3 for predicting and evaluating the vibration wave at the predetermined point PZ, steps S31 to S34 shown in FIG. 5 are performed. First, the detonation order of the detonation holes 10 in the face Aa is set as appropriate, and the plurality of predicted single vibration waves created in step S2 (steps S21 to S26) are arranged in the set detonation order (step S31). For example, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 9, single oscillation waves W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 are arranged in time series.

  Next, an initiation second time difference is set as appropriate, and a plurality of single vibration waves are superimposed according to the set initiation second time difference (step S32). Here, the vibration waves can be superimposed by a known method (for example, the Monte Carlo method). For example, as shown in the middle and lower stages of FIG. 9, the single vibration waves W1, W2, W3, W4, and W5 are superimposed to obtain a step vibration wave Wt.

  Then, the maximum vibration speed of the stepped vibration wave Wt calculated in step S32 is calculated (step S33, calculation step). Here, as shown in FIG. 6, the maximum absolute value with respect to the zero point is calculated as the maximum vibration speed. The calculated maximum vibration speed is the predicted maximum vibration speed.

  Further, it is determined whether or not the predicted maximum vibration speed calculated in step S33 is equal to or less than an allowable value (step S34). When it is determined that the predicted maximum vibration speed is equal to or less than the allowable value (step S34; Yes), the vibration prediction ends. When it is determined that the predicted maximum vibration speed exceeds the allowable value (step S34; No), such step blasting cannot be performed at the face Aa. Accordingly, the process returns to step S24, and the prediction / evaluation of the predicted single oscillation wave is repeated by resetting the blast pattern of the face Aa, the amount of charge in each detonation hole 10, the blast sequence of the detonation hole 10, and the time difference of detonation seconds.

  Note that the calculation procedure of the predicted single vibration group in steps S21 to S33 is repeated a plurality of times by changing the blasting pattern of the face Aa, the charge amount of each blasting hole 10, the blasting order of the blasting hole 10, and the time difference of the blasting second. You may simulate. In the vibration prediction method of the present embodiment, it is desirable to create a most probable seed wave that can occur in future blasting by a plurality of simulations.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10A, when there are two types of geology I and II between the face A and the measurement point, a line (propagation path) connecting the position of each detonation hole 10 and the measurement point ) May mainly be considered for propagation of different geological features, and different propagation speeds may be taken into account. For example, the initiation hole 10 of A propagates mainly in the geology I. The B detonation hole 10 propagates the geology I and the geology II by a substantially equal length. The C detonation hole 10 mainly propagates in the geology II. Thus, when a plurality of predicted single vibration waves are superimposed, a difference in propagation speed due to a difference in geology may be taken into consideration. As shown in FIG. 10B, the time for the vibration to reach the measurement point differs depending on the relationship between the propagation path and the geology. As described above, when the geology is different, the propagation speed is also considered to be different. Therefore, according to the above method, a plurality of predicted single vibration waves can be calculated with higher accuracy. For example, tunnel tomography can be used for estimating the propagation speed.

  According to the vibration prediction method of the present embodiment described above, as shown in FIG. 1, single blasting is performed at the face A1, A2, A3... That is the blasting execution area, and a plurality of points are measured at the measurement points P1 to P3. A basic single oscillation wave is measured. Next, based on the measured waveforms and magnitudes of a plurality of basic single oscillation waves, waveforms and magnitudes of a plurality of predicted single oscillation waves at a predetermined point PZ when single blasting is performed at the face Aa that is the blasting scheduled area. Is calculated. For the calculation of the predicted single vibration wave, all or a part of the waveforms of the plurality of basic single vibration waves and the respective distances from the initiation hole 10 provided in the face Aa to the predetermined point PZ are used. When blasting in a certain formation 1 is considered, the waveform and magnitude of vibration waves that can be generated by blasting have a correlation with the distance from the initiation hole 10. By using this correlation, the waveforms and sizes of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves can be calculated with high accuracy. Further, a plurality of predicted single vibration waves are created based on the waveform and magnitude of the predicted single vibration wave. In this way, by using the waveform and size, which are the two aspects related to the basic single vibration wave, the predicted single vibration wave when blasting is performed at the face Aa can be accurately estimated. These predicted single vibration waves are superimposed according to the explosion sequence and the time difference of the explosion seconds, and the magnitude of the step vibration wave is calculated. Therefore, the predetermined vibration that occurs with the step explosion at the face Aa (future blasting area) The vibration at the point PZ can be predicted.

  Moreover, since the coefficients α and β of the approximate function indicating the correlation between the charge amount and distance and the magnitude of the basic single vibration wave are obtained based on the plurality of basic single vibration waves, the magnitudes of the plurality of predicted single vibration waves are obtained. Can be calculated with higher accuracy.

  Since the waveforms of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves are calculated by interpolation or extrapolation of the waveforms of the two closest basic single vibration waves, the two basic points closest to the distance from the detonation hole 10 of the face Aa to the predetermined point PZ are calculated. A single oscillation wave waveform is used. Therefore, the waveforms of a plurality of predicted single oscillation waves can be calculated with higher accuracy.

  In addition, also when calculating | requiring the weighted average of the waveform of several basic single oscillation waves based on the difference of distance, the waveform of several prediction single oscillation waves can be calculated more accurately.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, the magnitude of the predicted single vibration wave is estimated using the magnitudes of a plurality of basic single vibration waves. However, when estimating the magnitude of the predicted single vibration wave, one basic single vibration wave is estimated. May be used. Either the magnitude or waveform of the basic single oscillation wave may be used as it is without calculating either the magnitude or waveform of the predicted single oscillation wave.

  The present invention is not limited to tunnel excavation and can be applied to other blasting works. For example, the present invention may be applied to light construction. It is preferable that the blasting area and the blasting area are provided in the same formation.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, a test result of vibration prediction according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram comparing the predicted vibration speed and the actual measurement of the step vibration group at two predetermined points. FIG. 12 is a diagram comparing the prediction and actual measurement of the frequency characteristics of the step vibration group at two predetermined points. In this test, in consideration of the operation of waveform prediction in actual tunnel excavation, the 6th step blast (step vibration wave) is estimated based on the basic single vibration wave recorded by blasting 1 to 5 times. went. As shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, it was confirmed that the actual measurement and the prediction almost coincided with each other in both the waveform and the frequency characteristic.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Geologic formation, 10 ... Explosion hole, 20 ... Explosion hole, A, A1, A2, A3 ... Face (blasting area), Aa ... Face (expected blasting area), P1 to P3 ... Measurement point, PZ ... Predetermined point, TNL: Tunnel, W1 to W5: Single vibration wave, Wt: Step vibration wave, X: Amplitude (size), Y: Waveform.

Claims (5)

A vibration prediction method for predicting a stepped vibration wave at a predetermined point around the planned blasting region, which occurs with a stepped blasting at a plurality of blast holes provided in a future blasting planned region,
A measurement step of performing at least one single blast in at least one blasting region and measuring a basic single vibration wave at at least one measurement point around the blasting region;
Using the magnitude of the basic single oscillation wave measured in the measurement step, the amount of each charge of the initiation hole, and the distance from the initiation hole to the predetermined point, the single explosion at the initiation hole The magnitude of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves at the predetermined point that accompanies is calculated, and based on the calculated plurality of magnitudes and the waveform of the basic single vibration wave measured in the measurement step, a plurality of the predicted single vibration waves A creation process for creating a vibration wave;
A calculation step of calculating the magnitude of the stepwise vibration wave by superimposing a plurality of the predicted single vibration waves created in the creation step according to a set initiation sequence and a set initiation time difference,
Including
In the measurement step, a plurality of the basic single vibration waves are measured by at least one of the blasting execution area, the number of times of the single blasting, and a plurality of the measurement points,
In the creation step, the plurality of predicted single vibrations using all or a part of the waveforms of the plurality of basic single vibration waves measured in the measurement step and the respective distances from the initiation hole to the predetermined point. further calculating a wave of the waveform, based on a plurality of magnitude calculated a plurality of waveforms, vibration predicted how to, characterized in that to create a plurality of the predicted single vibration wave. In the measurement step, a plurality of the basic single vibration waves are measured by at least one of the blasting execution area, the number of times of the single blasting, and a plurality of the measurement points,
In the creation step, an approximate function of the charge amount of the blast hole provided in the blasting region and the distance from the blast hole to the measurement point, which gives the magnitude of the plurality of basic single vibration waves, The vibration prediction method according to claim 1, wherein a coefficient is obtained, and the magnitudes of the plurality of predicted single vibration waves are calculated using the obtained coefficient. A vibration prediction method for predicting a stepped vibration wave at a predetermined point around the planned blasting region, which occurs with a stepped blasting at a plurality of blast holes provided in a future blasting planned region,
A measurement step of performing at least one single blast in at least one blast execution region and measuring a plurality of basic single oscillation waves at at least one measurement point around the blast execution region;
Generated along with a single blast at the initiation hole using all or a part of the waveforms of the plurality of basic single oscillation waves measured in the measurement step and the respective distances from the initiation hole to the predetermined point. Calculate a plurality of predicted single vibration waves at the predetermined point, and create a plurality of predicted single vibration waves based on the calculated plurality of waveforms and the magnitude of the basic single vibration wave measured in the measurement step Creating process,
A calculation step of calculating the magnitude of the stepwise vibration wave by superimposing a plurality of the predicted single vibration waves created in the creation step according to a set initiation sequence and a set initiation time difference,
Including
In the creation step, using the magnitude of the plurality of basic single vibration waves measured in the measurement step, the amount of each charge of the initiation hole and the distance from the initiation hole to the predetermined point, Further calculating the magnitude of a plurality of predicted single vibration waves at the predetermined point caused by the single blast at the detonation hole, and based on the calculated plurality of waveforms and the plurality of magnitudes, a plurality of the predicted single vibration waves are dynamic prediction method vibration you wherein the creating. In the creating step, of the plurality of basic single oscillation waves measured in the measuring step, the distance from the initiation hole provided in the blasting region to the measurement point is the closest to the predetermined point The vibration prediction method according to claim 3, wherein the waveforms of the plurality of predicted single vibration waves are calculated by interpolation or extrapolation using the waveforms of the two basic single vibration waves. In the creating step, the difference between the distance from the initiation hole provided in the blasting region to the measurement point and the distance to the predetermined point in the plurality of basic single vibration waves measured in the measurement step The vibration prediction method according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of waveforms of the predicted single vibration waves are calculated by obtaining a weighted average of the waveforms of the basic single vibration waves based on the frequency.

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